OVULE
ovule nucellus integument ovuliferous scale megastrobilus
ovule nucellus integument ovuliferous scale megastrobilus
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INTEGUMENT<br />
!<br />
MEGAGAMETOPHYTE<br />
MICROPYLE<br />
MEGASPORANGIUM<br />
EMBRYO<br />
L.S.<br />
PINUS<br />
2N<br />
MEGASPORE<br />
WALL<br />
<strong>OVULE</strong><br />
INTEGUMENT
INTEGUMENT<br />
MEGAGAMETOPHYTE<br />
MICROPYLE<br />
MEGASPORANGIUM<br />
EMBRYO<br />
L.S.<br />
PINUS<br />
2N<br />
MEGASPORE<br />
WALL<br />
SEED<br />
INTEGUMENT
DEFINITION<br />
<strong>OVULE</strong> / SEED
<strong>OVULE</strong>
INTEGUMENT<br />
MEGAGAMETOPHYTE<br />
MICROPYLE<br />
NUCELLUS<br />
MEGASPORE<br />
WALL<br />
ARCHEGONIA<br />
L.S.<br />
PINUS<br />
<strong>OVULE</strong><br />
INTEGUMENT
EMBRYO: ABSENT<br />
INTEGUMENT<br />
MEGAGAMETOPHYTE<br />
MICROPYLE<br />
NUCELLUS<br />
MEGASPORE<br />
WALL<br />
ARCHEGONIA<br />
L.S.<br />
PINUS<br />
<strong>OVULE</strong><br />
INTEGUMENT
SEED
INTEGUMENT<br />
MEGAGAMETOPHYTE<br />
MICROPYLE<br />
NUCELLUS<br />
MEGASPORE<br />
WALL<br />
EMBRYO<br />
L.S.<br />
PINUS<br />
SEED<br />
INTEGUMENT
EMBRYO: PRESENT<br />
MEGAGAMETOPHYTE<br />
INTEGUMENT<br />
MICROPYLE<br />
><br />
NUCELLUS<br />
MEGASPORE<br />
WALL<br />
EMBRYO<br />
L.S.<br />
PINUS<br />
SEED<br />
INTEGUMENT
SPERMATOPHYTE<br />
SEED<br />
ENHANCES<br />
EMBRYO<br />
SURVIVAL
SEED<br />
ENHANCES<br />
EMBRYO<br />
SURVIVAL
PROTECTION
INTEGUMENT
SEED<br />
INTEGUMENT<br />
MEGAGAMETOPHYTE<br />
MICROPYLE<br />
2N<br />
MEGASPORANGIUM<br />
EMBRYO<br />
L.S.<br />
PINUS<br />
INTEGUMENT
SEED<br />
MEGAGAMETOPHYTE<br />
INHIBITS<br />
PHYSICAL<br />
DAMAGE<br />
MICROPYLE<br />
2N<br />
MEGASPORANGIUM<br />
EMBRYO<br />
L.S.<br />
PINUS<br />
INTEGUMENT
SEED<br />
MEGAGAMETOPHYTE<br />
INHIBITS<br />
PHYSICAL<br />
DAMAGE<br />
MICROPYLE<br />
2N<br />
MEGASPORANGIUM<br />
EMBRYO<br />
L.S.<br />
PINUS<br />
PREVENTS<br />
DESICCATION
NUTRITION
GYMNOSPERMS<br />
?
SEED<br />
MEGAGAM?TOPHYTE<br />
INHIBITS<br />
PHYSICAL<br />
DAMAGE<br />
MICROPYLE<br />
2N<br />
MEGASPORANGIUM<br />
EMBRYO<br />
L.S.<br />
PINUS<br />
PREVENTS<br />
DESICCATION
SEED<br />
MEGAGAMETOPHYTE<br />
INHIBITS<br />
PHYSICAL<br />
DAMAGE<br />
MICROPYLE<br />
2N<br />
MEGASPORANGIUM<br />
EMBRYO<br />
L.S.<br />
PINUS<br />
PREVENTS<br />
DESICCATION
ANGIOSPERMS<br />
?
SEED<br />
?<br />
INTEGUMENT<br />
EMBRYO<br />
L.S.
SEED<br />
><br />
ENDOSPERM<br />
INTEGUMENT<br />
EMBRYO<br />
L.S.
SPERMATOPHYTE<br />
SEED<br />
ENHANCES<br />
EMBRYO<br />
SURVIVAL
SPERMATOPHYTE<br />
FOSSIL RECORD
~360<br />
MILLION YEARS
~360 MILLION YEARS AGO<br />
DEVONIAN
~360 MILLION YEARS AGO<br />
SPERMATOPHYTES<br />
EVOLVE
ELKINSIA
OLDEST KNOWN<br />
SPERMATOPHYTE<br />
ELKINSIA
~260<br />
MILLION YEARS
~260 MILLION YEARS AGO<br />
PERMIAN
~260 MILLION YEARS AGO<br />
SPERMATOPHYTES<br />
DISPLACED<br />
PTERIDOPHYTES
PRESENT
SPERMATOPHYTES<br />
DOMINATE<br />
EXTANT<br />
FLORA
SEED<br />
EVOLUTION<br />
KEY TO<br />
SPERMATOPHYTES<br />
DOMINANCE<br />
OVER<br />
PTERIDOPHYTES
ALABAMA<br />
SPERMATOPHYTE<br />
DIVERSITY
ALABAMA<br />
SPERMATOPHYTES
COMMON NAME
SEED PLANTS
DIVERSITY
~285,000 SPECIES<br />
EARTH
~3,500 SPECIES
SPERMATOPHYTE<br />
EVOLUTION<br />
GRADES
GYMNOSPERMS
ANGIOSPERMS
GENERAL<br />
CHARACTERS
CONTRAST: GYMNOSPERMS & ANGIOSPERMS
SPERMATOPHYTE<br />
LIFE CYCLE<br />
MITOSIS<br />
SPOROCYTES 2N<br />
ZYGOTE 2N<br />
SYNGAMY<br />
SPOROPHYTE<br />
2N PHASE<br />
MULTICELLULAR<br />
SPORE PRODUCING PHASE<br />
MEIOSIS<br />
GAMETE<br />
SPERM<br />
1N<br />
GAMETE<br />
EGG<br />
1N<br />
SPORES 1N<br />
MITOSIS<br />
GAMETOCYTES 1N<br />
GAMETOPHYTE<br />
1N PHASE<br />
MULTICELLULAR<br />
GAMETE PRODUCING PHASE<br />
MITOSIS
SPOROPHYTE<br />
CHARACTERS
VASCULAR<br />
TISSUE
XYLEM
?<br />
TRACHEARY<br />
ELEMENTS
HIGHLY<br />
TAPPERED<br />
END WALL<br />
LESS<br />
TAPPERED<br />
END WALL<br />
WATER<br />
PITS<br />
PERFORATED PLATE<br />
? WATER
HIGHLY<br />
TAPPERED<br />
END WALL<br />
LESS<br />
TAPPERED<br />
END WALL<br />
?<br />
WATER<br />
PITS<br />
PERFORATED PLATE<br />
TRACHEID<br />
WATER
HIGHLY<br />
TAPPERED<br />
END WALL<br />
LESS<br />
TAPPERED<br />
END WALL<br />
?<br />
WATER<br />
PITS<br />
PERFORATED PLATE<br />
TRACHEID<br />
WATER
HIGHLY<br />
TAPPERED<br />
END WALL<br />
LESS<br />
TAPPERED<br />
END WALL<br />
VESSEL<br />
MEMBER<br />
WATER<br />
PITS<br />
PERFORATED PLATE<br />
TRACHEID<br />
WATER
GYMNOSPERMS
GYMNOSPERMS
HIGHLY<br />
TAPPERED<br />
END WALL<br />
LESS<br />
TAPPERED<br />
END WALL<br />
VESSEL<br />
MEMBER<br />
WATER<br />
PITS<br />
PERFORATED PLATE<br />
TRACHEID<br />
WATER
ANGIOSPERMS
ANGIOSPERMS
HIGHLY<br />
TAPPERED<br />
END WALL<br />
LESS<br />
TAPPERED<br />
END WALL<br />
VESSEL<br />
MEMBER<br />
WATER<br />
PITS<br />
PERFORATED PLATE<br />
TRACHEID<br />
WATER
PHLOEM
?<br />
SIEVE<br />
ELEMENTS
NUCLEUS<br />
ALBUMINOUS CELL<br />
SUGAR<br />
?<br />
SIEVE AREA<br />
SMALL PORES<br />
?<br />
PHLOEM<br />
L.S.
NUCLEUS<br />
?<br />
ALBUMINOUS CELL<br />
SUGAR<br />
SIEVE CELL<br />
SIEVE AREA<br />
SMALL PORES<br />
SIEVE CELL<br />
PHLOEM<br />
L.S.
NUCLEUS<br />
?<br />
SUGAR<br />
SIEVE CELL<br />
SIEVE AREA<br />
SMALL PORES<br />
SIEVE CELL<br />
PHLOEM<br />
L.S.
NUCLEUS<br />
^<br />
ALBUMINOUS CELL<br />
SUGAR<br />
SIEVE CELL<br />
SIEVE AREA<br />
SMALL PORES<br />
SIEVE CELL<br />
PHLOEM<br />
L.S.
NUCLEUS<br />
CAMPANION CELL<br />
SUGAR<br />
?<br />
SIEVE PLATE<br />
LARGE PORES<br />
?<br />
PHLOEM<br />
L.S.
NUCLEUS<br />
CAMPANION CELL<br />
SUGAR<br />
SIEVE MEMBER<br />
SIEVE PLATE<br />
LARGE PORES<br />
SIEVE MEMBER<br />
PHLOEM<br />
L.S.
NUCLEUS<br />
?<br />
SUGAR<br />
SIEVE MEMBER<br />
SIEVE PLATE<br />
LARGE PORES<br />
SIEVE MEMBER<br />
PHLOEM<br />
L.S.
NUCLEUS<br />
CAMPANION CELL<br />
SUGAR<br />
SIEVE MEMBER<br />
SIEVE PLATE<br />
LARGE PORES<br />
SIEVE MEMBER<br />
PHLOEM<br />
L.S.
GYMNOSPERMS
GYMNOSPERMS
NUCLEUS<br />
ALBUMINOUS CELL<br />
SUGAR<br />
SIEVE CELL<br />
SIEVE AREA<br />
SMALL PORES<br />
SIEVE CELL<br />
PHLOEM<br />
L.S.
ANGIOSPERMS
ANGIOSPERMS
NUCLEUS<br />
><br />
CAMPANION CELL<br />
SUGAR<br />
SIEVE MEMBER<br />
SIEVE PLATE<br />
LARGE PORES<br />
SIEVE MEMBER<br />
PHLOEM<br />
L.S.
SIEVE MEMBERS<br />
AND<br />
COMPANION CELLS<br />
DIAGNOSTIC<br />
ANGIOSPERM<br />
CHARACTERS
ROOT
ROOT STELE
GYMNOSPERMS<br />
&<br />
DICOTS
GYMNOSPERMS
DICOTS
ROOT<br />
C.S.
PROTOSTELE
PROTOSTELE / ACTINOSTELE
MONOCOTS
MONOCOTS
ROOT<br />
C.S.
SIPHONOSTELE<br />
+
SIPHONOSTELE
SIPHONOSTELE / EUSTELE
STEM
STEM STELE
GYMNOSPERMS<br />
&<br />
DICOTS
GYMNOSPERMS
DICOTS
STEM<br />
C.S.
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