Engine Maintenance and Modification Bradley Artigue

FIAT 124 Spider
Engine Maintenance + Modification
Contents
1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................5
2. Concepts............................................................................................................................................................6
2.1 The Otto Cycle .............................................................................................................................................6
2.2 Lambda ........................................................................................................................................................6
2.3 Carburetor ....................................................................................................................................................7
2.4 Fuel Injection (FI or EFI) ...............................................................................................................................7
2.5 Compression Ratio (CR)...............................................................................................................................7
2.6 Home Mechanic...........................................................................................................................................8
2.7 Shop Manuals and Guides ...........................................................................................................................8
3. Engine Identification ........................................................................................................................................9
4. Carburetion .....................................................................................................................................................11
4.1 Understanding Carburetors........................................................................................................................11
4.2 Air Bleed Correction...................................................................................................................................12
4.3 Idle Speed Control .....................................................................................................................................13
4.4 Transition....................................................................................................................................................13
4.5 Acceleration Pump.....................................................................................................................................14
4.6 Cold Starting...............................................................................................................................................15
4.7 Multi-Barrel Synchronization ......................................................................................................................16
4.8 Carburetor Identification and Schematics ..................................................................................................18
4.9 Carburetor Tuning ......................................................................................................................................35
4.10 Diagnostics and Troubleshooting.............................................................................................................36
5. Fuel Injection...................................................................................................................................................38
5.1 Fuel injection Basics ..................................................................................................................................39
5.2 The Air Flow Meter and Fuel Pump ...........................................................................................................40
5.3 Cold Starting Components.........................................................................................................................41
5.4 Warm-Up Components ..............................................................................................................................42
5.5 Idle Speed Control Components................................................................................................................42
5.6 Cruising, Accelerating, and Deceleration Modes .......................................................................................43
5.7 The Oxygen Sensor ...................................................................................................................................44
5.8 Other Components ....................................................................................................................................44
5.9 Component Reference...............................................................................................................................45
5.10 Fuel Injection Tuning................................................................................................................................48
5.11 Fuel Injection System Electrical Diagrams...............................................................................................50
5.12 Fuel Injection System Part Numbers .......................................................................................................53
5.13 Diagnostics and Troubleshooting.............................................................................................................54
6. The Cylinder Head ..........................................................................................................................................59
6.1 Cylinder Head Identification .......................................................................................................................61
7. Intake Manifolds .............................................................................................................................................63
8. Exhaust System..............................................................................................................................................64
8.1 Exhaust System Identification ...................................................................................................................64
9. Ignition ............................................................................................................................................................66
9.1 Ignition Components..................................................................................................................................66
9.2 Ignition System Identification ....................................................................................................................67
9.3 Ignition Advance ........................................................................................................................................68
9.4 Firing Order and Initial Timing ....................................................................................................................69
9.5 Ignition Electrical Diagrams........................................................................................................................72
3