Health’s Newcastle vaccine range

Intervet Schering Plough Animal
Health’s Newcastle vaccine range
Dr G Celliers

About the company
• Global leader in
– Research
– Development
– Manufacturing and
– Sale of veterinary medicines
• We offer one of the industry's broadest, most innovative
portfolios, spanning products for the prevention,
treatment and control of disease in all major farm and
companion animal species
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About the company

Intervet Schering Plough S.A
• The only company-owned research unit
• Fully accredited Research Unit, based in Malelane
– local and international research and development
• The Intervet sales team is strongly supported by our
Veterinary Services Department and 9 highly qualified
veterinarians
• Intervet South Africa's vision is to be entirely service focused
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Why vaccinate for Newcastle disease?
• Vaccination protects the bird from ND field strains by
establishing an immunological resistance to infection
• An injected or oral vaccine induces the host to generate Abs
against Newcastle Disease virus
• During future exposure, the ND field strain is inactivated and
the disease state is prevented
• Vaccines work primarily because the immune system can
remember the identity of the ND virus after the initial
encounter
• ND vaccines establish immunity and memory without the
pathogenic events typical of the initial encounter with a
virulent virus
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Why use a live ND vaccine?
• Newcastle Disease is a respiratory pathogen
• Effective protection requires BOTH local (IgA) and systemic
antibody immunity (IgG and IgM)
• To stimulate local immunity vaccine virus must be
administered to the respiratory tract
• Systemic immunity is gained relatively easily as maternal
antibody protection declines rapidly
– chicks can be vaccinated with a live vaccine at day old if
using the correct strain
• Aim – application of a vaccine that stimulates a good overall
immune response without causing a severe vaccine reaction
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Advantages of a live vaccine
• Effective as the vaccine virus can express authentic Ags in a
manner that closely resembles natural infection
• Vaccine virus can replicate in host; thereby amplifying the
amount of Ag which activates the release of Abs from B cells
and stimulating T cells
• Can be delivered via the natural route of infection (mucosal
route), thus inducing not only systemic immunity, but also
mucosal immunity
• By developing mucosal immunity, one can prevent the
initiation of infection as well as preventing disease
• Ease of application as they can be applied to the drinking
water or with an eye-dropper
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Disadvantages of a live vaccine
• Undesirable respiratory reactions
• Interference with high ND maternal antibodies
• Short duration of protection. (re-vaccinations)
• Timing of re-vaccination
• Proper application (spray/drinking water)
• Negative effect on total performance
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Live ND vaccine
• Nobilis ND C2
• Nobilis ND La Sota
• Nobilis ND Hitchner B1
• Nobilis ND Clone 30
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Live ND vaccine
Nobilis ND C2
• Indications: Day old chicks and older
• Composition: live, attenuated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain C2
– strain C2 derived from a Hitchner B1 strain
– clone purified
– vaccine virus is safe, stable and gives a predictable vaccine response
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Live ND vaccine
Nobilis ND C2
• Administration: via eye-drop, nasal instillation or spray vaccination at
day of age. Target organ is the trachea therefore an effective local
protection is induced in the respiratory organs
• Safe:
– ICPI of 0.06
– droplet size of spray application not critical
– well tolerated in multiple dose experiments
• Vaccination:
– Day old ND C2
– Day 18 ND Clone 30 (2-3 weeks)
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Live ND vaccine
Nobilis ND Hitchner
• Indications: Day old chicks and older
• Composition: live Newcastle Disease virus strain Hitchner B1
• Administration: via the drinking water, by spray, by eye-drop or nasal
instillation
• Vaccination:
– safe for use from 1 day of age onwards
– Hitchner B1 can be interfered with by maternal antibodies therefore
recommended use after 2 weeks of age
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Live ND vaccine
Nobilis ND Lasota
• Indications: all fowls older than 14 days
• Composition: live Newcastle Disease virus strain Lasota
• Administration: via the drinking water, by spray, by eye-drop or nasal
instillation
• Vaccination:
– Highly effective in protecting chickens with or without maternal antibody
but LaSota is too pathogenic for Day old vaccination
– In fowls an adequate immunity against ND will last for approximately 12
weeks
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Live ND vaccine
Nobilis ND Clone 30
• Indications: Day old chicks and older, recommended for use in high risk
Newcastle areas
• Composition: live Newcastle Disease vaccine virus strain Clone 30
– Clone 30 is a lentogenic ND strain combining the efficacy of LaSota and
the safety of Hitchner B1
– Clone 30 is a clone purified vaccine
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Live ND vaccine
Nobilis ND Clone 30
• Administration: via the drinking water, by spray, by eye-drop or nasal
instillation
• Vaccination:
– Immunity will last for approximately 6 weeks
– In areas where Newcastle Disease is endemic (high risk areas) a
second vaccination should be given within approximately 2-4 weeks
after the first
– Highly effective in protecting chickens with or without maternal antibody
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Recommended approach
•1 st vaccination with a „primer‟ Nobilis ND C2
– as early as one day of age
– by coarse spray
– in the hatchery or in the chicken boxes at point of delivery
•2 nd vaccination a „booster‟ Nobilis ND Clone 30
– 14 -17 days later
– best possible ND protection
• Neither safety nor protection against ND is compromised
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Why use an inactivated vaccine?
• Inactivated vaccines induce a long-lasting and
homogenous antibody response
• In intensive poultry production
– applied after an initial live priming vaccination
• In village poultry
– good results in the absence of an initial vaccination with live
vaccine have been reported
(The reason for this is probably that antibodies to the virus
are already present in the village poultry as a result of
previous infection by the wild virus)
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Advantages of using an inactivated vaccine
• No post vaccination systemic reactions
• Long lasting protection
• Produce very high levels of antibodies against NDV
• Provide good protection against the virulent virus
• Less risk of interference
• Much less heat sensitive which makes transporting them
more feasible
• More possibilities for combinations
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Disadvantages of using an inactivated vaccine
• Higher price / dose
• Generally need a live “priming”
• Long lived birds need revaccination
• Individual handling (stress)
• Proper application (injection)
• Training is necessary before any injection technique is
mastered
• Risk of accidental self-injection
• Local reactions
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Composition of an inactivated vaccine
• Antigenic particles (NDV) in the aqueous phase
– The virus is inactivated with formalin
• Adjuvant
– Any substance that enhances the immune response to an
antigen
– All our inactivated ND vaccines are Mineral-in-Oil
• Long lasting protection
• Increased local reaction makes the inactivated virus more
immunogenic
• Slower response
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Inactivated ND vaccines
• Nobilis ND Broiler
• Nobilis Newcavac
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Inactivated ND vaccine
• Indications: Day old broiler chicks
Nobilis ND Broiler
• Composition: inactivated Newcastle Disease virus
• Administration: Inject 0,1 ml per broiler chicken intramuscularly into the
thigh or subcutaneously into the back of the neck
• Vaccination: Use in combination with live ND vaccine (eg. Nobilis ND
Clone 30) provides protection against ND for up to 8 or 9 weeks of age
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Inactivated ND vaccine
Nobilis Newcavac
• Indications: booster vaccination of primed layers and breeding fowls
• Composition: inactivated Newcastle Disease virus Clone 30
• Administration: Inject 0,5 ml per bird intramuscularly in breast muscle or
subcutaneously in the lower part of the neck
• Vaccination: Primed fowls should be vaccinated with Nobilis Newcavac
around 16 – 20 weeks, but not less than 4 weeks before the expected
onset of lay
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Inactivated Combination ND vaccine
• Nobilis G + ND
• Nobilis IB + ND
• Nobilis IB + G + ND
• Nobilis EDS + ND
• Nobilis IB + EDS + ND
• Nobilis Reo + IB + G + ND
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Inactivated Combination ND vaccine
Nobilis G + ND
Indications: booster vaccination of future breeders to protect against ND
throughout the laying period, and to induce high maternal antibody levels
against IBD in their offspring
• Composition: ND virus Clone 30 and Gumboro virus strain D78
• Administration: Inject 0,5 ml per bird intramuscularly in the thigh or
breast muscle or subcutaneously in the lower part of the neck
• Vaccination: Administered to birds not less than 4 weeks before the
expected onset of lay. For an optimal booster effect, the birds must be
primed with live vaccines of the separate component strains
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Inactivated Combination ND vaccine
• Indications: future breeding fowls
Nobilis IB + ND
• Composition: immunogenic strains of Infectious Bronchitis virus
(Massachusetts type) and Newcastle disease virus
• Administration: Inject 0,5 ml per bird intramuscularly in the thigh or
breast muscle or subcutaneously in the lower part of the neck
• Vaccination: Administered to birds not less than 4 weeks before the
expected onset of lay. For an optimal booster effect, the birds must be
primed with live vaccines of the separate component strains
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Inactivated Combination ND vaccine
Nobilis IB + G + ND
Indications: a booster vaccination for breeding stock to protect against
ND and IB, and to induce high maternal antibody levels against IBD in
their offspring.
• Composition: Inactivated IB strain M41, inactivated Gumboro strain D78,
inactivated ND Clone 30
• Administration: Inject 0,5 ml per bird intramuscularly in the thigh or
breast muscle or subcutaneously in the lower part of the neck
• Vaccination: Administered to birds not less than 4 weeks before the
expected onset of lay. For an optimal booster effect, the birds must be
primed with live vaccines of the separate component strains.
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Inactivated Combination ND vaccine
Nobilis EDS + ND
Indications: a booster vaccination of layers and breeding stock for
protection against Egg Drop Syndrome ‟76 and Newcastle Disease
throughout the laying period
• Composition: Inactivated ND Clone 30 virus, inactivated EDS‟76 virus
strain BC14
• Administration: Inject 0,5 ml per bird intramuscularly in the thigh or
breast muscle or subcutaneously in the lower part of the neck
• Vaccination: Administered to birds not less than 4 weeks before the
expected onset of lay. For an optimal booster effect, the birds must be
primed with a live vaccine against Newcastle Disease
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Inactivated Combination ND vaccine
Nobilis IB + EDS + ND
Indications: a booster vaccination of layers and breeding stock for
protection against Infectious Bronchitis, Newcastle Disease and Egg Drop
Syndrome ‟76 throughout the laying period
• Composition: Inactivated IB strain M41, inactivated EDS‟76 virus strain
BC14, inactivated ND Clone 30
• Administration: Inject 0,5 ml per bird intramuscularly in the thigh or
breast muscle or subcutaneously in the lower part of the neck
• Vaccination: Administered to birds not less than 4 weeks before the
expected onset of lay. For an optimal booster effect, the birds must be
primed with a live vaccine against Infectious Bronchitis and Newcastle
Disease
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Inactivated Combination ND vaccine
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Nobilis Reo + IB + G + ND
Indications: a booster vaccination of breeding stock for protection against
Infectious Bronchitis and for protection against Newcastle Disease. Also
for immunisation against Reovirus infection and Infectious Bursal Disease
virus, in order to protect the offspring of the vaccinated birds for at least
the first weeks of life
• Composition: Inactivated IBV strain M41, Inactivated NDV virus Clone
30, Inactivated IBDV strain D78, Inactivated Reo virus strains 1733 and
2408.
• Administration: Inject 0,5 ml per bird intramuscularly in the thigh or
breast muscle or subcutaneously in the lower part of the neck
• Vaccination: Administered to birds not less than 4 weeks before the
expected onset of lay. For an optimal booster effect, the birds must be
primed with a live vaccine against the separate component strains

New Product on the horizon
• NEWHATCH C2-M
– a freeze dried vaccine that combines the virtually nonreactive
C2 strain of ND virus with the well-established
infectious bronchitis (IB) protection provided by IB Ma5
– approved for spray vaccination of chickens one day of age
or older
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New Product on the horison
• INNOVAX ND-SB
– is a recombinant vaccine utilizing the Turkey Herpes Virus
(HVT) as a vector with the insert of the F (fusion) gene of
NDV, combined with the SB1 type of MDV
– provides protection against both very virulent vvMDV and
virulent NDV with one single in ovo or one day old S.Q
vaccination with no respiratory vaccination reaction.
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Choice of vaccine and method are critical
• Many factors to consider
• A combination of live and inactivated vaccines are needed
– good local immunity
– long lasting systemic immunity
• Without good management and biosecurity every vaccination
program is at risk of failure
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Contact details
Dr. Riaan du Preez (BVSc; MBA)
Business Unit Manager
Sub-Saharan Business Centre
T: +27 (0) 11 923 9341
M:+27 (0) 82 901 8492
F: +27 (0) 86 547 1794
riaan.du.preez@sp.intervet.com