AIR POLLUTION – MONITORING MODELLING AND HEALTH

18
Air Pollution – Monitoring, Modelling and Health
Result of emissions in spatial
Finally, we run the EMISENS model for all cells of study domain. The outputs of the model
are the emissions and their uncertainties in each cell (Fig.7 and Fig.8). For each pollutant, the
emissions are calculated for each cell per hour. The results of CO in Fig.7 show that most of
the emissions occur in the centre of the city where we can see the highest of street density of
urban streets. In contrast, in the uncertainty map (Fig.8) the lowest uncertainties occur in
urban streets in the city centre. Because we sub-divided the urban streets into three urban
street categories, the uncertainty for urban streets is relative small.
0 1.5
3
Kilometers
Fig. 7. The traffic emission map of CO. The contour of the districts (black colour) and the
street network (grey colour). The numbers in parentheses are the number of cells.
4.2.2 Industriel sources
The industry is second most important source of atmospheric pollution in HCMC (Bang et
al., 2006; Nguyen et al., 2002). The city spans only 0.6% of the whole country’s area but more
than 20% industrial producing capacity and 40% industrial output of whole country
(Nguyen, 2002) is located in HCMC. The main industries in HCMC are thermo-electricity,
cement production, steel lamination and refinement, weaving and dying, food processing
and chemistry. The existing information for industries is very poor and an official detailed
database does not exist. Most of the industries in HCMC have the following characteristics:
- The factories are old and their operation times are over 20 years.
- They have old technology which is imported from Soviet Union.
- The engines consume much energy and fuel due to old and poor quality engines. The
fuel used is of a low quality.