AIR POLLUTION – MONITORING MODELLING AND HEALTH

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222 Air Pollution – Monitoring, Modelling and Health Peralba, M. C. R. (1990). Caracterizacao quimicia dos hidrocarbonatos de betumens de carvoes sul-brasileiros, In: Dissertacao de Doutorado, Instituto di Fisica e Quimica de Sao Carlos, Brasil, http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28215 Roney, J. A. & White, B. R. (2006). Estimating fugitive dust emission rates using an environmental boundary layer wind tunnel, Atmospheric Environment, Vol.40, pp. 7668-7685 Routledge, H. C. & Ayers, J. G. (2006). Cardiovascular Effects of Particles, Air Pollution Reviews, Vol.3, pp. 19-42 Saxton, K.; Chandler, D.; Stetler, L.; Lamb, B.; Claiborn, C. & Lee, B. (2000). Wind Erosion and Fugitive Dust Fluxes on Agricultural Lands in the Pacific Northwest, Transactions of the ASAE 2000, Vol. 43(3), pp. 623-630 Shao, Y.; Raupach, M. R. & Findlater, P. A. (1993). The effect of saltation bombardement on the entrainment of dust by wind, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol.98, pp. 12719–12726 Smitham, J. B. & Nicol, S. K. (1990). Physico-chemical principles controlling the emission of dust from coal stockpiles, Powder Technology, Vol.64, pp. 259-270 Stunder, B. J. B. & Arya, S. P. S. (1988). Windbreak effectiveness for storage pile fugitive dust control: a wind tunnel study, Journal of Air Pollution Control Association, Vol.38, pp. 135–143 Torano, J. A.; Rodriguez, R.; Diego, I.; Rivas, J. M. & Pelegry, A. (2007). Influence of the pile shape on wind erosion CFD emission simulation, Applied Mathematical Modelling, Vol.31, pp. 2487-2502 US EPA (1995). AP 42, Chapter 13: Miscellaneous Sources, (Section 13.2.1: Dusting From Unpaved And Paved Roads, Section 13.2.4: Aggregate Handling And Storage Pile, Section 13.2.5: Industrial Wind Erossion), Fifth Edition, vol.I, http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch13/index.html US EPA (1996). Executive summary. In: Air quality criteria for particulate matter. Vol.1, Research Triangle Park, NC, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Natinal Center for Environmental Assessment, EPA Publication No. EPA/600/P-95/001aF, pp. 1-21 US EPA (1998). Revised Draft – User’s Guide for the AMS/EPA Regulatory Model – AERMOD, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC Weingartner, E.; Saathoff, H.; Schnaiter, M.; Streit, N.; Bitnar B. & Baltensperger U. (2003). Absorption of light by soot particles: determination of the absorption coefficient by means of aethalometers, Aerosol Science, Vol.34, pp. 1445-1463 White, B. & Tsoar, H. (1998). Slope effect on saltation over a climbing sand dune, Geomorphology, Vol.22, pp. 159–180 Witt, P. J.; Carey, K. & Nguyen, T. (2002). Prediction of dust loss from conveyors using CFD modelling, Applied Mathematical Modelling, Vol.26 (2), pp. 297– 309 Xuan, J. & Robins, A. (1994). The effects of turbulence and complex terrain on dust emissions and depositions from coal stockpiles, Atmospheric Environment, Vol.28, pp. 1951-1960 Žitnik, M.; Jakomin, M.; Pelicon, P.; Rupnik, Z.; Simčič, J.; Budnar, M.; Grlj, N. & Marzi, B. (2005). Port of Koper – Elemental concentrations in aerosols by PIXE, X-Ray Spectrometry, Vol.34, pp. 330-334.
10 Bio-Monitoring of Air Quality Using Leaves of Tree and Lichens in Urban Environments M. Maatoug, K. Taïbi, A. Akermi, M. Achir and M. Mestrari Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ibn Khaldoun University, Tiaret Algeria 1. Introduction Air pollution is the presence of pollutants in the atmosphere from anthropogenic or natural substances in quantities likely to harm human, plant, or animal life; to damage human-made materials and structures; to bring about changes in weather or climate; or to interfere with the enjoyment of life or property. In developing countries, industrial growth and population increase, together with rising standards of living will probably lead to patterns of motorization that resemble those of industrialized countries. Many urban areas have high concentrations of air pollution sources resulting from human activities; sources such as motor vehicle traffic, power generation, residential heating and industry. Urban air pollution is a major environmental problem in the developing countries of the world. It not only represents a threat to human health and the urban environment, but it can also contribute to serious regional and global atmospheric pollution problems (Maatoug 2010). Motor vehicles are now recognized as the major contributor due to their emissions of suspended particulate matter including heavy metals. Meteorological and topographical conditions affect dispersion and transport of these pollutants, which can result in ambient concentrations that may harm people, structures, and the environment. Air pollution is worse in locations with unfavorable topographical or meteorological characteristics. Meteorological factors such as thermal inversions restrict dispersion of pollutants and result in high ambient pollutant concentrations. Unfavorable topography and wind direction have similar effects. Current scientific evidence indicates that urban air pollution, which is derived largely from combustion sources, causes a spectrum of health effects ranging from eye irritation to death. Recent assessments suggest that the impacts on public health may be considerable. The health effects of pollutants depend on many factors, including the number and age group of exposed people and their health status, ambient concentrations and types of pollutants, and dose-response functions. Quantifying the magnitude of these pollutants and health impacts in cities worldwide, however, presents considerable challenges owing to the limited availability of information on both effects on health and on exposures to air pollution in many parts of the world.
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AIR POLLUTION - MONITORING, MODELLI
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Contents Preface IX Chapter 1 Urban
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Preface This book provides a compre
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AIR POLLUTION – MONITORING MODELLING AND HEALTH

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