AIR POLLUTION – MONITORING MODELLING AND HEALTH
air pollution â monitoring, modelling and health - Ademloos air pollution â monitoring, modelling and health - Ademloos
196 Air Pollution – Monitoring, Modelling and Health Markova, T.A.; Elansky, N.F.; Belikov, I.B.; Grisenko, A.M. & Sevast'yanov, V.V. (2004). Distribution of nitrogen oxides in the atmospheric surface layer over continental Russia, Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Vol. 40, No. 6, pp. 811-813. Oberlander, E.A.; Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M.; Crutzen, P.J.; Elansky, N.F.; Golitsyn, G.S.; Granberg, I.G.; Scharffe, D.H.; Hofmann, R.; Belikov, I.B.; Paretzke, H.G. & van Velthoven, P.F.J. (2002). Trace gas measurements along the Trans-Siberian railroad: The TROICA 5 expedition. J.Geophys.Res., Vol. 107, No. D14, doi: 10.1029/2001JD000953. Panin, L.V.; Elansky, N.F.; Belikov, I.B.; Granberg, I.G.; Andronova, A.V.; Obvintsev, Yu.I.; Bogdanov, V.M.; Grisenko, A.M. & Mozgrin, V.S. (2001). Estimation of Reliability of the Data on Pollutant Content Measured in the Atmospheric Surface Layer in the TROICA Experiments. Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Vol. 37, Suppl. 1, pp. S81-S91. Rockmann, T.; Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M.; Hahn, M. & Elansky, N. (1999). CO mixing and isotope ratios across Russia; trans-Siberian railroad expedition TROICA 3, April 1997. Chemosphere: Global Change Science, No. 1, pp. 219-231. Shakina, N.P.; Ivanova, A.R.; Elansky, N.F. & Markova, T.A. (2001). Transcontinental Observations of Surface Ozone Concentration in the TROICA Experiments: 2. The Effect of the Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange. Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Vol. 37, Suppl. 1, pp. S39 - S48. Tarasova, O.A.; Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M.; Assonov, S.S.; Elansky, N.F & Hurst, D.F. (2005a). Methane variability measured across Russia during TROICA expeditions. Environmental Sciences, Vol. 2(2-3), pp. 241-251. Tarasova, O.A.; Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M.; Elansky, N.F. & Kuznetsov, G.I. (2005b). Studies of variations in the carbon monoxide concentration over Russia from the data of TROICA expeditions. Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics, Vol. 18, No. 5-6, pp. 511-516. Tarasova, O.A.; Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M.; Assonov, S.S.; Elansky, N. F.; Röckmann, T. & Brass, M. (2006). Atmospheric CH4 along the Trans-Siberian Railroad (TROICA) and River Ob: Source Identification using Stable Isotope Analysis. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 40. No. 29, pp. 5617-5628. Tarasova, O.A.; Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M.; Assonov, S.S.; Elansky, N.F.; Röckmann, T. & Sofiev, M. A. (2007). Atmospheric CO along the Trans-Siberian Railroad and River Ob: Source Identification using Isotope Analysis. J. Atmos. Chem., Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 135-152. Tarasova, O.A.; Houweling, S.; Elansky, N. & Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M. (2009). Application of stable isotope analysis for improved understanding of the methane budget: comparison of TROICA measurements with TM3 model simulations. J. Atmos. Chem., Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 49-71 Timkovsky, I. I.; Elanskii, N. F.; Skorokhod, A. I. & Shumskii, R. A. (2010). Studying of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere over Russia. Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 319–327. Turnbull, J. C.; Miller, J. B.; Lehman, S. J.; Hurst, D. .; Peters, W.; Tans, P. P.; Southon, J.; Montzka, S.; Elkins, J.; Mondeel, D. J.; Romashkin, P. A.; Elansky, N. & Skorokhod, A. (2009). Spatial distribution of ∆ 14 CO 2 across Eurasia: measurements from the TROICA-8 expedition. Atmos. Chem. and Phys., Vol. 9, pp. 175-187. Vartiainen, E.; Kulmala, M.; Ehn, M.; Hirsikko, A.; Junninen, H.; Petäjä, T.; Sogacheva, L.; Kuokka, S., Hillamo, R., Skorokhod, A., Belikov, I., Elansky, N. & Kerminen, V.-M. (2007). Ion and particle number concentrations and size distributions along the Trans-Siberian railroad. Boreal. Env. Res., Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 375–396.
Fugitive Dust Emissions from a Coal-, Iron Ore- and Hydrated Alumina Stockpile 9 Nebojša Topić 1 and Matjaž Žitnik 2 1 Luka Koper, d.d., Koper 2 Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana and Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana Slovenia 1. Introduction Dust control measures must be implemented in order to reduce the detrimental and harmful effects on material and human resources. According to Mohamed & Bassouni (2006), besides causing additional cleaning of homes and vehicles, fugitive dust can affect visibility and, in severe cases, it can interfere with plant growth by clogging pores and reducing light reception. In addition, dust particles are abrasive to mechanical equipment and damaging to electronic equipment such as computers. Of the total suspended material, the PM10 fraction (the inhaled dust) is particularly problematic. The US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA, 1996) reports that a 50 µg/m 3 increase in the 24 hr average PM10 concentration was statistically significant in increasing mortality rates by 2.5%–8.5% and hospitalization rates due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by 6%–25%. It also describes how children can be affected by short-term PM10 exposure by increasing the number of cases of chronic cough, chest illness, and bronchitis (US EPA, 1996). The chronic effects from PM10 depend on the composition of the dust and on the amount of exposure to PM10 over a person’s lifetime. A wealth of epidemiological data support the hypothesis that on average, for every 10 μg/m 3 rise of the total mass concentration of PM10 in the air there is an 1 % increase in cardiovascular mortality on a day-to-day basis (Routledge & Ayers, 2006). In addition to health effects there are other adverse impacts from PM10 exposure. For instance, it is thought that the amount of PM10 contributes to climate change, because the small particles in the atmosphere absorb and reflect the sun’s radiation, affecting the cloud physics in the atmosphere (Andrae, 2001). One of the strong dust emitter sources are large stockpiles of material such as coal and iron ore that are stored and manipulated in the open and exposed to the varying weather conditions. Coal is a mixture of compounds and contains mutagenic and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Exposure to coal is considered as an important non-cellular and cellular source of reactive oxygen species that can induce DNA damage as shown for wild rodents in an open coal mining area (Leon et al., 2007). In addition, coal is a well known respiratory toxicant and employees who work around coal stockpiles are susceptible to black lung (pneumoconiosis) (Peralba, 1990). With respect to the workers handling the material at above ground facilities,
- Page 156 and 157: 146 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 158 and 159: 148 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 160 and 161: 150 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 162 and 163: 152 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 164 and 165: 154 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 166 and 167: 156 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 168 and 169: 158 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 170 and 171: 160 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 172 and 173: 162 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 174 and 175: 164 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 176 and 177: 166 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 178 and 179: 168 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 180 and 181: 170 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 182 and 183: 172 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 184 and 185: 174 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 186 and 187: 176 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 188 and 189: 178 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 190 and 191: 180 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 192 and 193: 182 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 194 and 195: 184 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 196 and 197: 186 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 198 and 199: 188 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 200 and 201: 190 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 202 and 203: 192 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 204 and 205: 194 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 208 and 209: 198 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 210 and 211: 200 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 212 and 213: 202 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 214 and 215: 204 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 216 and 217: 206 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 218 and 219: 208 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 220 and 221: 210 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 222 and 223: 212 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 224 and 225: 214 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 226 and 227: 216 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 228 and 229: 218 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 230 and 231: 220 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 232 and 233: 222 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 234 and 235: 224 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 236 and 237: 226 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 238 and 239: 228 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 240 and 241: 230 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 242 and 243: 232 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 244 and 245: 234 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 246 and 247: 236 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 248 and 249: 238 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 250 and 251: 240 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 252 and 253: 242 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
- Page 254 and 255: 244 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
196<br />
Air Pollution <strong>–</strong> Monitoring, Modelling and Health<br />
Markova, T.A.; Elansky, N.F.; Belikov, I.B.; Grisenko, A.M. & Sevast'yanov, V.V. (2004).<br />
Distribution of nitrogen oxides in the atmospheric surface layer over continental<br />
Russia, Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Vol. 40, No. 6, pp. 811-813.<br />
Oberlander, E.A.; Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M.; Crutzen, P.J.; Elansky, N.F.; Golitsyn, G.S.;<br />
Granberg, I.G.; Scharffe, D.H.; Hofmann, R.; Belikov, I.B.; Paretzke, H.G. & van<br />
Velthoven, P.F.J. (2002). Trace gas measurements along the Trans-Siberian railroad:<br />
The TROICA 5 expedition. J.Geophys.Res., Vol. 107, No. D14, doi:<br />
10.1029/2001JD000953.<br />
Panin, L.V.; Elansky, N.F.; Belikov, I.B.; Granberg, I.G.; Andronova, A.V.; Obvintsev, Yu.I.;<br />
Bogdanov, V.M.; Grisenko, A.M. & Mozgrin, V.S. (2001). Estimation of Reliability<br />
of the Data on Pollutant Content Measured in the Atmospheric Surface Layer in the<br />
TROICA Experiments. Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Vol. 37, Suppl. 1,<br />
pp. S81-S91.<br />
Rockmann, T.; Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M.; Hahn, M. & Elansky, N. (1999). CO mixing and<br />
isotope ratios across Russia; trans-Siberian railroad expedition TROICA 3, April<br />
1997. Chemosphere: Global Change Science, No. 1, pp. 219-231.<br />
Shakina, N.P.; Ivanova, A.R.; Elansky, N.F. & Markova, T.A. (2001). Transcontinental<br />
Observations of Surface Ozone Concentration in the TROICA Experiments: 2. The<br />
Effect of the Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange. Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic<br />
Physics, Vol. 37, Suppl. 1, pp. S39 - S48.<br />
Tarasova, O.A.; Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M.; Assonov, S.S.; Elansky, N.F & Hurst, D.F. (2005a).<br />
Methane variability measured across Russia during TROICA expeditions.<br />
Environmental Sciences, Vol. 2(2-3), pp. 241-251.<br />
Tarasova, O.A.; Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M.; Elansky, N.F. & Kuznetsov, G.I. (2005b). Studies of<br />
variations in the carbon monoxide concentration over Russia from the data of<br />
TROICA expeditions. Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics, Vol. 18, No. 5-6, pp. 511-516.<br />
Tarasova, O.A.; Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M.; Assonov, S.S.; Elansky, N. F.; Röckmann, T. &<br />
Brass, M. (2006). Atmospheric CH4 along the Trans-Siberian Railroad (TROICA)<br />
and River Ob: Source Identification using Stable Isotope Analysis. Atmospheric<br />
Environment, Vol. 40. No. 29, pp. 5617-5628.<br />
Tarasova, O.A.; Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M.; Assonov, S.S.; Elansky, N.F.; Röckmann, T. &<br />
Sofiev, M. A. (2007). Atmospheric CO along the Trans-Siberian Railroad and River<br />
Ob: Source Identification using Isotope Analysis. J. Atmos. Chem., Vol. 57, No. 2, pp.<br />
135-152.<br />
Tarasova, O.A.; Houweling, S.; Elansky, N. & Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M. (2009). Application of<br />
stable isotope analysis for improved understanding of the methane budget:<br />
comparison of TROICA measurements with TM3 model simulations. J. Atmos.<br />
Chem., Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 49-71<br />
Timkovsky, I. I.; Elanskii, N. F.; Skorokhod, A. I. & Shumskii, R. A. (2010). Studying of<br />
Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere over Russia. Izvestiya,<br />
Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 319<strong>–</strong>327.<br />
Turnbull, J. C.; Miller, J. B.; Lehman, S. J.; Hurst, D. .; Peters, W.; Tans, P. P.; Southon, J.;<br />
Montzka, S.; Elkins, J.; Mondeel, D. J.; Romashkin, P. A.; Elansky, N. & Skorokhod,<br />
A. (2009). Spatial distribution of ∆ 14 CO 2 across Eurasia: measurements from the<br />
TROICA-8 expedition. Atmos. Chem. and Phys., Vol. 9, pp. 175-187.<br />
Vartiainen, E.; Kulmala, M.; Ehn, M.; Hirsikko, A.; Junninen, H.; Petäjä, T.; Sogacheva, L.;<br />
Kuokka, S., Hillamo, R., Skorokhod, A., Belikov, I., Elansky, N. & Kerminen, V.-M.<br />
(2007). Ion and particle number concentrations and size distributions along the<br />
Trans-Siberian railroad. Boreal. Env. Res., Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 375<strong>–</strong>396.