AIR POLLUTION – MONITORING MODELLING AND HEALTH

More documents

Recommendations

Info

128 Air Pollution <strong>–</strong> Monitoring, Modelling and Health L ts is the at-satellite radiance (integrated band radiance measured in W/m 2 /sr) L is the atmospheric path radiance (integrated band radiance measured in W/m 2 /sr) P E G is the global irradiance reaching the ground t( ) is the direct (upward) target-sensor atmospheric transmittance For a dark object such as a large water reservoir the target reflectance (at ground level, tg dg is very low but is not zero. From this large reservoir the darkest pixel will be seen at-satellite to have radiance L ts L ds . Therefore equation 1 can be re-written as: .L L ds P dg t( ) . E G (2) where dg is the dark target reflectance at ground level L ds is the dark target radiance at the sensor in W/m 2 /sr The aerosol optical thickness was calculated using equation 3 as given by Hadjimitsis and Clayton (2009) [3]: L pa EO.cos( 0 ). Pa a . 4 cos( 0) cos( ) 1 exp a1 cos0 1 cos . tH . . 2O t O 3 expr 1 cos0 1 cos The algorithm as presented by Hadjimitsis and Clayton (2009) required the following parameters: (3) ground reflectance values for the selected ground dark target either zero or any value up to 5 % until the AOT value gets maximum (from spectro-radiometric measurements, suitable water target, for example for water dams values of 0 to 5 % for TM band 1) the at-satellite reflectance value of the darkest pixel or target (from the image) and the aerosol characteristics (e.g. aerosol scattering albedo) unless you will make assumptions based on previous studies .eg for urban areas aerosol scattering albedo=0.78 By running equation (3) and (2), AOT value was found for Landsat TM band 1. The first example indicates the AOT values as measured by CIMEL sun-photometer for the whole day, 20/4/2010 as well for the whole month (see Figures 10 and 11). For the Landsat ETM+ image acquired on 20/4/2010, the AOT was found to be 1.4 after the application of the darkest pixel atmospheric correction i.e indirect method of retrieving AOT values. Such value complies with the AOT value found during the satellite overpass for that day as shown from Figure 11. Figure 12 shows that the daily AOT values for April 2010 from AERONET, the 20 th of April 2010 has the highest value.
Air Pollution Monitoring Using Earth Observation & GIS 129 Fig. 11. Daily distribution of AOT by AERONET for the 20 th of April 2010. (Hadjimitsis et al., 2010). Fig. 12. Monthly distribution of AOT (11-30/April/2010) by AERONET (Hadjimitsis et al., 2010).
Page 1 and 2:
AIR POLLUTION - MONITORING, MODELLI
Page 5 and 6:
Contents Preface IX Chapter 1 Urban
Page 9:
Preface This book provides a compre
Page 12 and 13:
2 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Model
Page 14 and 15:
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
10 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mode
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89: 78 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mode
Page 110 and 111: 100 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
Page 188 and 189:
178 Air Pollution - Monitoring, Mod
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
Page 372 and 373:
Page 374 and 375:
Page 376 and 377:
Page 378 and 379:
Page 380 and 381:
Page 382 and 383:
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Page 388 and 389:
Page 390 and 391:
Page 392 and 393:
Page 394 and 395:
Page 396:
show all

AIR POLLUTION – MONITORING MODELLING AND HEALTH

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?