AIR POLLUTION – MONITORING MODELLING AND HEALTH

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124 Air Pollution <strong>–</strong> Monitoring, Modelling and Health 6.3 LIDAR The Lidar system (see Fig.6) is able to provide aerosol or cloud backscatter measurements from a height beginning from 200m up to tropopause height. The Lidar emits a collimated laser beam in the atmosphere and then detects the backscattered laser light from atmospheric aerosols and molecules. The Lidar transmits laser pulses at 532 and 1064 nm simultaneously and co-linearly with a repetition rate of 20 Hz. Three channels are detected, with one channel for the wavelength 1064 nm and two channels for 532 nm. One small, rugged, flash lamppumped Nd-YAG laser is used with pulse energies around 25 and 56 mJ at 1064 and 532 nm, respectively. The primary mirror has an effective diameter of 200 mm. The overall focal length of the telescope is 1000 mm. The field of view (FOV) of the telescope is 2 mrad. Fig. 6. Light Detection and Ranging, Lidar System. Using the two different wavelength of lidar we can extract aerosol optical properties such as color index (CI), aerosol backscatter and extinction coefficient, Angstrom exponent, depolarization ratio and AOT, which are all useful parameters for characterizing the type and the shape of particles within the atmosphere. Moreover the lidar system can be used for the detection of clouds and the provision of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) height in near-real time. The data that was extracted after the processing of lidar signals is shown in Fig. 7 and 8. Such data are important for supporting the findings from satellite imagery and through systematic measurements a local atmospheric model can be used for future applications. Moreover, air pollution episodes can be fully supported and explained. According to Fig. 7 and 7, the PBL extends from the surface up to 1600m and there are also two layers above the PBL, the first are centred around 3300m and the second at 3800m. Additionally there are multiple layers within the PBL and it can be distinguished not only by the different colours of temporal evolution of atmosphere (fig.7) but from the peaks presents in the signal of backscatter coefficient (fig.8).
Air Pollution Monitoring Using Earth Observation & GIS 125 Fig. 7. Temporal evolution of the dust layers over Limasol on 1st of June 2010: Profile from the Lidar system. Fig. 8. The vertical distribution of the backscatter coefficient on 1 June 2010, Limassol. 6.4 PM10 device Several PM10 devices are available to measure particulate matter. Such devices can be used to develop regression models between PM10 measurements with AOT values obtained from satellites,which assists in the systematic monitoring of PM10 from space.
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AIR POLLUTION - MONITORING, MODELLI
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Contents Preface IX Chapter 1 Urban
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Preface This book provides a compre
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AIR POLLUTION – MONITORING MODELLING AND HEALTH

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