AIR POLLUTION – MONITORING MODELLING AND HEALTH

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104 Air Pollution <strong>–</strong> Monitoring, Modelling and Health Im et al. (2010) simulated the high PM 10 levels observed during 13 to 17 th of January, 2008 and showed that high resolution modeling with updated anthropogenic emissions can successfully reproduce the wintertime episodes associated with local anthropogenic emissions. Figure 14 shows the OC/PM 10 ratios simulated by Im et al. (2010) which clearly indicate the nature of PM levels in the urban parts of the city. Around the emissions hot spots, which are located along the two sides of the Bosphorus, the ratios are calculated to be highest (~0.40). Figure 15 shows the origin of crustal materials from Sahara based on Kocak et al. (2011). As seen in the figure, Algerian, Libyan and Tunisian deserts are the important sources of natural dust affecting Istanbul, as well the north-eastern parts of Black sea region. The analysis has been conducted based on the extensive PM 10 chemical composition data from November 2007 to June 2009 in Istanbul (Theodosi et al., 2010). Further analysis conducted by Kocak et al. (2011) clearly showed the potential impacts of Istanbul on its surroundings (Fig.16). The results show that Istanbul is under influence of several sources including Balkans and Eastern European countries. On the other hand, Istanbul pollution influences western Black Sea, Balkan counties, Levantine Basin and north-eastern Africa countries. Fig. 14. Spatial distributions OC/PM 10 mean ratio averaged over the 5-day period between 13th to 17th of January, 2008 (Im et al., 2010).
Air Pollution in Mega Cities: A Case Study of Istanbul 105 Fig. 15. Distribution of crustal source. X: Sampling site (Istanbul), A: Algeria, L: Libya and T: Tunisia Kocak et al. (2011).
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AIR POLLUTION - MONITORING, MODELLI
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Contents Preface IX Chapter 1 Urban
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Preface This book provides a compre
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AIR POLLUTION – MONITORING MODELLING AND HEALTH

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