In the Beginning was Information

Example 1: Randomly generated characters:AZTIG KFD MAUER DFK KLIXA WIFE TSAAAlthough the German word “MAUER” and the word “WIFE”may be recognised, this is not a code according to our definition,because we know that it is a random sequence.Example 2: In the Kornberg synthesis (1955) a DNA polymeraseresulted when an enzyme reacted with Coli bacteria.After a considerable time two kinds of strings were found:1) alternating strings:... TATATATATATATATATATATATAT ...... ATATATATATATATATATATATATA ...2) homopolymere strings:... GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG ...... CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ...Although both types of strings together contained all the symbolsemployed in the genetic code, they were nevertheless devoid ofinformation, since necessary condition NC 2 is not fulfilled.The fundamentals of the “code” theme were already established bythe author in the out-of-print book having the same name as the presentone [G5, German title: “Am Anfang war die Information”]. Acode always represents a mental concept, and, according to our experience,its assigned meaning always depends on some convention. Itis thus possible to determine at the code level already whether anygiven system originated from a creative mental concept or not.We are now in a position to formulate some fundamental empiricaltheorems 12 :64Theorem 6: A code is an essential requirement for establishinginformation.