In the Beginning was Information

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The Author, Prof. Dr-Ing. Werner Gitt was born in Raineck/East Prussia in1937. In 1963 he enrolled at the Technical University of Hanover (TechnischeHochschule Hannover) and in 1968 he completed his studies as Diplom Ingenieur.Thereafter he worked as an assistant at the Institute of Control Engineeringat the Technical University of Aachen (Technische HochschuleAachen). Following two years of research work, he received his doctoratesumma cum laude, together with the prestigious Borchers Medal, from theTechnical University of Aachen, Germany, in 1970. He is now Director andProfessor at the German Federal Institute of Physics and Technology (Physikalisch-TechnischeBundesanstalt Braunschweig). He has written numerousscientific papers in the field of information science, numerical mathematics,and control engineering, as well as several popular books, some of which havebeen translated into Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, English, Finnish, French,Hungarian, Italian, Kirghizian, Polish, Rumanian and Russian. Since 1984 hehas been a regular guest lecturer at the State Independent Theological Universityof Basle, Switzerland, on the subject of ‘The Bible and Science’. He hasheld lectures on related topics at numerous universities at home and abroad, aswell as having spoken on the topic ‘Faith and Science’ in a number of differentcountries (e. g. Australia, Austria, Belgium, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kirghizia,Lithuania, Namibia, Norway, Rumania, Russia, South Africa, Sweden,Switzerland).1st English Edition 19972nd English Edition 2000© of the German Edition:Werner Gitt, “Am Anfang war die Information”1994 by Hänssler, Neuhausen-Stuttgart, Germany© of the English Edition1997 by CLV · Christliche Literatur-Verbreitung e. V.P. O. Box 11 01 35 · D-33661 Bielefeld, GermanyTranslation to English: Prof. Dr Jaap Kies, South AfricaChecking: Russell Grigg, AustraliaCover: Dieter Otten, GummersbachTypography: Enns Schrift & Bild, BielefeldPrinted in Germany: by Ebner UlmISBN 3-89397-255-2
ContentsPreface .................................................... 9Preface to the English Edition .............................. 11Preliminary Remarks about the Concept of Information .... 12Part 1: Laws of Nature2 Principles of Laws of Nature ............................ 222.1 The Terminology Used in the Natural Sciences ..... 222.2 The Limits of Science and the Persistence ofParadigms ......................................... 252.3 The Nature of Physical Laws ...................... 262.4 The Relevance of the Laws of Nature .............. 342.5 The Classification of the Laws of Nature ........... 362.6 Possible and Impossible Events .................... 40Part 2: Information3 Information is a Fundamental Entity .................... 443.1 Information: a Fundamental Quantity .............. 443.2 Information: a Material or a Mental Quantity? ..... 453.3 Information: not a Property of Matter! ............. 474 The Five Levels of the Information Concept ............ 504.1 The Lowest Level of Information: Statistics ........ 544.2 The Second Level of Information: Syntax .......... 574.3 The Third Level of Information: Semantics ........ 694.4 The Fourth Level of Information: Pragmatics ...... 734.5 The Fifth Level of Information: Apobetics ......... 755 Delineation of the Information Concept ................. 836 Information in Living Organisms ....................... 886.1 Necessary Conditions for Life ..................... 886.2 The Genetic Code ................................. 946.3 The Origin of Biological Information .............. 976.4 Materialistic Representations and Modelsof the Origin of Biological Information ............ 996.5 Scientists against Evolution ........................ 1045
Page 3: Werner GittIn the Beginningwas Info
Page 7 and 8: A2.1.2 Complexity and Peculiarities
Page 9 and 10: PrefaceTheme of the book: The topic
Page 11 and 12: Acknowledgements and thanks: After
Page 13 and 14: Figure 1: The web of a Cyrtophora s
Page 15 and 16: 3. The Morpho rhetenor butterfly: T
Page 17 and 18: few days later another wonderful ev
Page 19 and 20: 5. The organ playing robot: Would i
Page 21 and 22: PART 1: Laws of Nature
Page 23 and 24: aspects are not covered. Models are
Page 25 and 26: 2.2 The Limits of Science and the P
Page 27 and 28: numerous mathematical theorems (exc
Page 29 and 30: mulated on earth, were also valid o
Page 31 and 32: F = G x m 1 x m 2 / r 2The force F
Page 33 and 34: The nine above-mentioned general bu
Page 35 and 36: R2: The laws of nature enable us to
Page 37 and 38: Conservation theorems: The followin
Page 39 and 40: Figure 6: Geometrically impossible
Page 41 and 42: ical bond. The half-life T is given
Page 43 and 44: PART 2: Information
Page 45 and 46: Since the concept of information is
Page 47 and 48: tents and because of the encoding p
Page 49 and 50: chemical quantities can be steered,
Page 51 and 52: and there are 468 Greek words. This
Page 53 and 54: Figure 10: The Rosetta stone.53
Page 55 and 56:
As explained fully in Appendix A1,
Page 57 and 58:
Theorem 5: Shannon’s definition o
Page 59 and 60:
elementary sounds, but pictures are
Page 61 and 62:
- Punched cards, mark sensing- Univ
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Get nymph; quiz sad brow; fix luck
Page 65 and 66:
Theorem 7: The allocation of meanin
Page 67 and 68:
Theorem 11: A code system is always
Page 69 and 70:
Knowledge of the conventions applyi
Page 71 and 72:
Sequences of letters generated by v
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system must have been created by an
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We can distinguish two types of act
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a) Concerning the sender:- Has an u
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no purpose or intent; he represents
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We still have to describe a domain
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5 Delineation of the Information Co
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Definition D5: The domain A of defi
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6 Information in Living OrganismsTh
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code with four different letters is
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Figure 17: The way in which genetic
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6.2 The Genetic CodeWe now discuss
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Figure 19: The theoretical possibil
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Figure 20: A simplified representat
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inevitable interactions ... The ori
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We now discuss some theoretical mod
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Genetic algorithms: The so-called
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“The final result of all my resea
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7 The Three Forms in which Informat
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and methods of transfer (e. g. the
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8 Three Kinds of Transmitted Inform
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languages, creating a programming l
Page 116 and 117:
9 The Quality and Usefulness ofInfo
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vertently), deliberately falsified,
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10 Some Quantitative Evaluationsof
Page 122 and 123:
such diverse topics as technology,
Page 124 and 125:
11 Questions Often Asked Aboutthe I
Page 126 and 127:
Q10: Natural languages are changing
Page 128 and 129:
A19: Biological systems are indeed
Page 130 and 131:
continually shifts in order to avoi
Page 132 and 133:
A23: If we are talking about true l
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The information concept was discuss
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The close link between information
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13 The Quality and Usefulness of Bi
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iguously instructed to “Let the w
Page 142 and 143:
Figure 27: God as Sender, man as re
Page 144 and 145:
way its understanding is also a spi
Page 146 and 147:
dom prepared for you since the crea
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would be known about his Person and
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Missionary and native: After every
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the case, as shown in Figure 29; no
Page 154 and 155:
and defects of the information sent
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- Man did not develop through a cha
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15 The Quantities Used for Evaluati
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him: “Today salvation has come to
Page 162 and 163:
16 A Biblical Analogy of the FourFu
Page 164 and 165:
with God (Ephesians 5:18-20). The p
Page 166 and 167:
- energy is utilised, and- the cons
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God’s testing fire; only fruit in
Page 170 and 171:
A1 The Statistical View of Informat
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Figure 31: Model of a discrete sour
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a) the factor n, which indicates th
Page 176 and 177:
) Expectation value of the informat
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A1.2 Mathematical Description of St
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Figure 32: The number of letters L
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A1.2.2 The Information SpiralThe qu
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184
Page 186 and 187:
186
Page 188 and 189:
188
Page 190 and 191:
Figure 34: The ant and the microchi
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a degree of integration of 11.72 mi
Page 194 and 195:
194
Page 196 and 197:
as expressing the highest possible
Page 198 and 199:
H syll = 8.6 bits/syllable. (16)The
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Figure 36: Frequency distributions
Page 202 and 203:
202
Page 204 and 205:
the voluminous data requirements, c
Page 206 and 207:
A2 Language: the Medium for Creatin
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The words of a language are linked
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(tongo), or from the same level (ba
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It should be clear from these examp
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A2.1.4 Written LanguagesThe inventi
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mation as discussed above, are foun
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“Speaking birds”: Parrots and b
Page 220 and 221:
Figure 41: Speechless.(Sketched by
Page 222 and 223:
we might realise. There are countle
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- The impossibility of a perpetual
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Figure 42: Three processes in close
Page 228 and 229:
228
Page 230 and 231:
Figure 44: Ripple marks on beach sa
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glucose is produced from 6 mol CO 2
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individual catalytic enzyme reactio
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nature: mechanical work is performe
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All human nutritional problems coul
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intricately constructed light proje
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p = 0.006/h) to produce propulsion
Page 244 and 245:
leg they fly back to Canada over Ce
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south-east and fly right across the
Page 248 and 249:
[E2] Eigen, M.: Stufen zum Leben- D
Page 250 and 251:
[G15] Gitt, W.:[G16] Gitt, W.:[G17]
Page 252 and 253:
Automatisierungstechnische Praxis 2
Page 254 and 255:
H. 12, pp. 68-87[W2] Weibel, E. R.:
Page 256:
Kemner, H. 146, 167Kessler, V. 11Ki
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