In the Beginning was Information

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Figure 36: Frequency distributions p(i) for various languages, from which theaverage number of syllables per word can be derived.When a long enough text in a language is investigated, a characteristic frequencyof the number of syllables per word is found. For many languages monosyllabicwords occur most frequently (e. g. English, German, and Greek), but for other languagesbisyllabic words are most common (e. g. Latin, Arabic, and Turkish).(p i =relative frequency of occurrence of words consisting of i syllables; i = averagenumber of syllables per word.)the effective current I eff of a continually changing electrical input (e. g. asa control parameter in a complex technological experiment) could be calculatedas a statistical characteristic, it is also possible to establish analogouslinguistic properties for languages. And just as I eff can say nothingabout the underlying control concepts, so such linguistic characteristicshave no semantic relevance.200
Figure 37: Statistical characteristics of various languages.Using equation 9, we may calculate the average information content per syllable,H S , for a given language. This value is peculiar to the language, and when the variousvalues are plotted, we obtain the distribution shown in this diagram.A1.5 Statistical Synthesis of LanguageAfter having considered statistical analyses of languages in the previoussection, the question now arises whether it would be possible to generate,by purely random combinations of symbolsa) correct sentences in a given languages,b) information (in the fullest sense of the concept).Our point of departure is Figure 38. Random sequences of symbols can beobtained by means of computer program (1). When the letters may occur201
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Werner GittIn the Beginningwas Info
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ContentsPreface ...................
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A2.1.2 Complexity and Peculiarities
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PrefaceTheme of the book: The topic
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Acknowledgements and thanks: After
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Figure 1: The web of a Cyrtophora s
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3. The Morpho rhetenor butterfly: T
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few days later another wonderful ev
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5. The organ playing robot: Would i
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PART 1: Laws of Nature
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aspects are not covered. Models are
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2.2 The Limits of Science and the P
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numerous mathematical theorems (exc
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mulated on earth, were also valid o
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F = G x m 1 x m 2 / r 2The force F
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The nine above-mentioned general bu
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R2: The laws of nature enable us to
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Conservation theorems: The followin
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Figure 6: Geometrically impossible
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ical bond. The half-life T is given
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PART 2: Information
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Since the concept of information is
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tents and because of the encoding p
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chemical quantities can be steered,
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and there are 468 Greek words. This
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Figure 10: The Rosetta stone.53
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As explained fully in Appendix A1,
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Theorem 5: Shannon’s definition o
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elementary sounds, but pictures are
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- Punched cards, mark sensing- Univ
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Get nymph; quiz sad brow; fix luck
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Theorem 7: The allocation of meanin
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Theorem 11: A code system is always
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Knowledge of the conventions applyi
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Sequences of letters generated by v
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system must have been created by an
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We can distinguish two types of act
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a) Concerning the sender:- Has an u
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no purpose or intent; he represents
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We still have to describe a domain
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5 Delineation of the Information Co
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Definition D5: The domain A of defi
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6 Information in Living OrganismsTh
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code with four different letters is
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Figure 17: The way in which genetic
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6.2 The Genetic CodeWe now discuss
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Figure 19: The theoretical possibil
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Figure 20: A simplified representat
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inevitable interactions ... The ori
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We now discuss some theoretical mod
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Genetic algorithms: The so-called
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“The final result of all my resea
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7 The Three Forms in which Informat
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and methods of transfer (e. g. the
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8 Three Kinds of Transmitted Inform
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languages, creating a programming l
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9 The Quality and Usefulness ofInfo
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vertently), deliberately falsified,
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10 Some Quantitative Evaluationsof
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such diverse topics as technology,
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11 Questions Often Asked Aboutthe I
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Q10: Natural languages are changing
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A19: Biological systems are indeed
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continually shifts in order to avoi
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A23: If we are talking about true l
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The information concept was discuss
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The close link between information
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13 The Quality and Usefulness of Bi
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iguously instructed to “Let the w
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Figure 27: God as Sender, man as re
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way its understanding is also a spi
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dom prepared for you since the crea
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would be known about his Person and
Page 150 and 151: Missionary and native: After every
Page 152 and 153: the case, as shown in Figure 29; no
Page 154 and 155: and defects of the information sent
Page 156 and 157: - Man did not develop through a cha
Page 158 and 159: 15 The Quantities Used for Evaluati
Page 160 and 161: him: “Today salvation has come to
Page 162 and 163: 16 A Biblical Analogy of the FourFu
Page 164 and 165: with God (Ephesians 5:18-20). The p
Page 166 and 167: - energy is utilised, and- the cons
Page 168 and 169: God’s testing fire; only fruit in
Page 170 and 171: A1 The Statistical View of Informat
Page 172 and 173: Figure 31: Model of a discrete sour
Page 174 and 175: a) the factor n, which indicates th
Page 176 and 177: ) Expectation value of the informat
Page 178 and 179: A1.2 Mathematical Description of St
Page 180 and 181: Figure 32: The number of letters L
Page 182 and 183: A1.2.2 The Information SpiralThe qu
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Page 188 and 189: 188
Page 190 and 191: Figure 34: The ant and the microchi
Page 192 and 193: a degree of integration of 11.72 mi
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Page 196 and 197: as expressing the highest possible
Page 198 and 199: H syll = 8.6 bits/syllable. (16)The
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Page 204 and 205: the voluminous data requirements, c
Page 206 and 207: A2 Language: the Medium for Creatin
Page 208 and 209: The words of a language are linked
Page 210 and 211: (tongo), or from the same level (ba
Page 212 and 213: It should be clear from these examp
Page 214 and 215: A2.1.4 Written LanguagesThe inventi
Page 216 and 217: mation as discussed above, are foun
Page 218 and 219: “Speaking birds”: Parrots and b
Page 220 and 221: Figure 41: Speechless.(Sketched by
Page 222 and 223: we might realise. There are countle
Page 224 and 225: - The impossibility of a perpetual
Page 226 and 227: Figure 42: Three processes in close
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Page 230 and 231: Figure 44: Ripple marks on beach sa
Page 232 and 233: glucose is produced from 6 mol CO 2
Page 234 and 235: individual catalytic enzyme reactio
Page 236 and 237: nature: mechanical work is performe
Page 238 and 239: All human nutritional problems coul
Page 240 and 241: intricately constructed light proje
Page 242 and 243: p = 0.006/h) to produce propulsion
Page 244 and 245: leg they fly back to Canada over Ce
Page 246 and 247: south-east and fly right across the
Page 248 and 249: [E2] Eigen, M.: Stufen zum Leben- D
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[G15] Gitt, W.:[G16] Gitt, W.:[G17]
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Automatisierungstechnische Praxis 2
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H. 12, pp. 68-87[W2] Weibel, E. R.:
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Kemner, H. 146, 167Kessler, V. 11Ki
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