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13 In<strong>for</strong>macija: http://www.unesco.org/whc/sp/bul.htm14 Napr.: www.worldheritagesite.org ili www.travel_images.com/unescoworld.html15 Samo vlada zemlje-članice može da podnese spisak dobarana svojoj teritoriji za Svetsku listu baštine86UNESKO-vu listu kuturnih dobara, a Bojenci, iako suimali sve kvalitete neophodne za to, ostali su van liste.Poslednji lokalitet upisan u listu bio je Trački grobiz Sveštara 1985.godine. Ove godine direktor UNESKOaje posetio Bugarsku i četiri mesta su nominovana zalistu 12 . Nažalost, Bojenci još uvek nisu nominovani. Nijejasno zašto je Ministarstvo kulture Bugarske propustiloda predloži i druga mesta za listu. Prema čl. 4 gorepomenute Konvencije – Nacionalna zaštita i međunarodnazaštita kulturne i prirodne baštine – …svakaZemlja članica ove konvencije prihvata da dužnost daobezbedi identifikaciju, zaštitu, konzervaciju, prezentacijui prenošenje budućim generacijama kulturne i prirodnebaštine iz članova 1 i 2, a koje se nalaze na njenojteritoriji, pripada u prvom redu toj zemlji.Čak je onima koji nisu stručnjaci jasno da uključivanjelokaliteta na listu znači dodatno finansiranje. To, naravno,nije dovoljno, ali je ipak određeno finansiranje. Uovom slučaju, osnovnu prednost ratifikacije, naročito zazemlje u razvoju, predstavlja mogućnost pristupa Fonduza svetsku baštinu. Godišnje, oko tri miliona dolara stojena raspolaganju, uglavnom najnerazvijenim zemljamai zemljama sa niskim nacionalnim dohotkom, za finansiranjetehničke pomoći i obrazovnih projekata, kao i zapomoć zemljama-članicama za pripremu predloga zanominaciju ili za projekte konzervacije. Moguće je dobitii pomoć za hitnu popravku šteta nastalih prirodnimkatastrofama ili onim koje su posledica ljudskog faktora.Upis dobra na Svetsku listu baštine takođe otvaraput ka finansijskoj podršci iz različitih izvora vezanih zaprojekte zaštite baštine (http://www.unesco.org). Od1979. godine, kada je prvo dobro uključeno u Listu, Fondza svetsko nasleđe dao je pomoć za devet bugarskih dobarasa Liste, u iznosu od 348.497 US $ za pripremu,obuku i tehničku saradnju 13 , što bi bilo idealno za Bojence.tj, da se obezbede izvesna sredstva za održavanje,obuku stručnjaka i tehnologiju i na taj način se uključeu programe kulturnog turizma. Države članice mogu tražitimeđunarodnu pomoć iz fonda sa misije eksperata,obuku specijalizovanog kadra, nabavku opreme, takođemogu tražiti višegodišnje pozajmice i nepovratne kredite.Grčka, Češka, Francuska, Nemačka, Španija i VelikaBritanija gotovo svake godine upisuju bar po jedno kulturnodobro na Listu (http://www.unesco.org). Na taj načinzemlja štiti svoja kulturna dobra. Samo idenitifikovanjelokaliteta nije dovoljno, jer je neophodna njihovazaštita i održavanje. Zadivljujući je broj Internet sajtovakoji nude turističke vodiče za mesta na UNESKO-vojlisti baštine 14 . Ovo bi bila idealna situacija za bugarskuvladu 15 . Bugarski mediji stalno pišu da “u Bugarskoj nepostoji finansiranje kulture”, ali izgleda da nema ni pokušajada se finansiranje obezbedi. Postavlja se i pitanjeuticaja politike na kulturnu baštinu. Tek je poslednjavlada nominovala četiri lokaliteta za listu. Međutim,kultura u velikoj meri zavisi od prioriteta Vlade. Zemljaje izgubila 18 godina, kada nije ni pokušala da uključibar jedno kulturno dobro na UNESKO-vu listu. Neophodnoje da se učini napor da se više lokaliteta uključi naovu Listu. Proces nije brz. No, da bi se neko dobro uopšteunelo na listu, neophodan je proaktivni pristup, jer ćeu suprotnom doći do daljeg propadanja i inače jadnogstanja najvećeg broja bugarskih kulturnih dobara.Drugu značajnu mogućnost u aktuelnoj kulturnojsituaciji u ujedinjenoj Evropi predstavljaju resursi sameEvropske Unije. Tokom 2000-te Evropska Unija je lantheThracian tomb of Sveshtari in 1985. This year howeverthe Director of UNESCO visited Bulgaria and foursites have been nominated <strong>for</strong> the list 12 . Un<strong>for</strong>tunatelyBojentsi has still not been named. It is unclear why theMinistry of the Culture in Bulgaria did not take any measuresto ensure the adding of further sites to the list atan earlier time. According to article 4 of the above mentionedConvention – National protection and inter<strong>national</strong>protection of the cultural and natural heritage –…each State party to this convention recognises thatthe duty of ensuring the identification, protection, <strong>conservation</strong>,presentation and transmission to future generationsof the cultural and natural heritage referred toin Article 1 and 2 and situated in its territory, belongsprimarily to the that state.Even to non specialists it is clear that the inclusion ofa site in the list means extra funding. Not sufficient ofcourse, but funding all the same. In this regard, a key benefitof ratification, particularly <strong>for</strong> developing countries,is access to the World Heritage Fund. Annually,about three million US dollars are made available, mainlyto Least Developed Countries and Low Income Countries,to finance technical assistance and training projects,as well as <strong>for</strong> assistance to States Parties requestinghelp to prepare their nomination proposals or to develop<strong>conservation</strong> projects. Emergency assistance mayalso be made available <strong>for</strong> urgent action to repair damagecaused by human-made or natural disasters. Inscriptionof a property on the World Heritage List may alsoopen the way <strong>for</strong> financial assistance from a variety ofsources in heritage <strong>conservation</strong> projects(http://www.unseco.org). Since 1979 when the first propertywas included in the list, the World Heritage fundhas assisted the nine Bulgarian properties on the listwith USD 348, 497 <strong>for</strong> preparatory assistance, trainingassistance and technical cooperation 13 , which would beideal <strong>for</strong> Bojentsi, i.e. having some funding <strong>for</strong> maintenance,training of specialists and know-how and obviouslybeing included this way in itineraries <strong>for</strong> culturaltourism. State parties can request inter<strong>national</strong> assistanceunder the fund <strong>for</strong> expert missions, training of specializedstaff, supply of equipment; they can also apply <strong>for</strong>long-term loans and non-repayable grants. Countriessuch as Greece, the Czech Republic, France, Germany,Spain and the UK manage to get at least one site ontothe list almost every year (http://www.unesco.org). It is away <strong>for</strong> a country to protect its cultural heritage. Justidentifying sites is not enough as they need maintenanceand protection. The abundance of Internet sites offeringtourist guides to UNESCO Heritage sites is amazing 14 .This would be an ideal opportunity <strong>for</strong> the Bulgarian governmentto take action 15 . It is widely reported by Bulgarianmass-media that “there is no funding <strong>for</strong> culturein Bulgaria”, but it would appear that no ef<strong>for</strong>ts are beingmade to obtain funding. There is also some questionover the influence of politics on heritage issues. It wasonly the last government which nominated four sites tobe included in the list. However what happens to the culturalheritage of a country largely depends on the prioritiesof its Government. The country has wasted 18 yearswithout trying to include a single site in the UNESCOlist. An attempt must be made to include more sites onthe list. There are criteria and a procedure to follow ofcourse. The process is not quick. But <strong>for</strong> inclusion to ta-12 Old Plovdiv, Bachkovo monastery ossuary, the church of St. Forty martyrsin Veliko Tarnovo, the tomb in the village of Aleksandrovo - Haskovo13 In<strong>for</strong>mation http://www.unesco.org/whc/sp/bul.htm14 For example: www.worldheritagesite.org or www.travel-images.com/unesco_world.html15 Only the Government of the State Party to the Conventioncan submit an inventory of properties on its territory that may besuitable <strong>for</strong> the World Heritage list.

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