department for preventive conservation national ... - WebSajtovi

Dimitrova, administrator i vodič u selu, problem za Bojencepredstavlja sama lokacija sela. Selo je, prema legendi,osnovano zato da spreči nailazak neprijatelja.Danas ga od susednog sela odvaja 8 km oštrih krivina, ato je jedini put. Strani tur-operatori nisu posebno zainteresovanida dovode strane turiste, kojih ionako imasamo oko 800-900 godišnje (od ukupne posete od19.000). Prilikom organizacije poseta, obično izbegavajuBojence, jer je selo nepristupačno, a uključuju Etaru –muzej na otvorenom, do kojeg je lako stići. S druge strane,kaže gospođa Dimitrova, možda je zbog toga selo isačuvalo svoju autentičnost. U vom momentu nije mogućedovesti više turista iz finansijskih razloga. Nemapara za oglašavanje, ali je još bitnije da nema infrastrukture,koja bi odgovarala većini turista. Mesto nijetoliko popularno kao druga bugarska odmarališta jer jeudaljeno od mora, a nije pogodno ni za skijanje. UpravaBojenaca bi želela da mesto uključi u neke od programakulturnog turizma. Međutim, selo je veoma specifičnojer jedino može da ponudi demonstraciju “kultureživljenja”. A, “prilikom osnivanja ovog grada-muzeja,osnovna koncepcija nije bila profitabilnost” (Dimitrova2004), dok u ovom trenutku nema jasne celokupne strategijeza budućnost rezervata.Situacija sa rezervatom Bojenci je čudna i proizilaziiz činjenice da ne postoji strateški plan. S jedne strane,postoji otpor promenama. Sa druge, jasno je da je zaočuvanje rezervata potreban novac. U ovom momentuniko ne želi da uđe u finansiranje ako ne postoji mogućnostpovećanja dohotka. Kako kaže gđa Dimitrova, stranistručnjaci za muzeje na otvorenom ne mogu da shvatekako ovakav muzej uopšte opstaje bez dovoljnog prihoda.Bojenci sa okolinom su restaurisani i proglašenirezervatom za vreme komunističkog perioda, kada je državafinansirala kulturu. No, stvari su se promenile odtada i nešto se mora preduzeti da se Bojenci sačuvaju.Najvažnije je pripremiti jasan strateški plan. VizijaMinsitarstva kulture i Nacionalnog instituta sa spomenikekulture, kad se radi o ovakvim lokalitetima, nijejasna. Ako Bojenci ostanu takvi kakvi su, bez adekvatnogfinansiranja, neminovno će propadati. Ako se koncepcijapromeni, grad-muzej će se pretvoriti u istorijskigrad, tj. jedan deo će se sačuvati u sadašnjem obliku, aoko njegovog jezgra biće dozvoljena nova gradnja, što ćedovesti do sasvim drugačijeg izgleda mesta. Prva opcijazahteva finansiranje namenjeno održavanju, uz prihvatanječinjenice da ne postoji mogućnost povećanja zarade.Druga će uništiti autentičnost Bojenaca kao grada -muzeja i pretvoriće ga u još jedno od mnogih istorijskihgradova u Bugarskoj.Situacija u Bugarskoj jasno pokazuje da se u bliskojbudućnosti ne može očekivati da država finansira ovakvamesta značajna za kulturnu baštinu. Ali, postoje bardve veće organizacije, čije resurse, kompetencije i znanjetreba koristiti, tj. UNESKO i EU.UNESKO-va konvencija o Zaštiti svetske kulturne iprirodne baštine uključuje – … grupe odvojenih ili povezanihzgrada, koje, zbog svoje arhitekture, homogenostiili mesta u okviru predela, predstavljaju izvanrednu univerzalnuvrednost sa stanovišta istorije, umetnosti i nauke…(član 1 – Definicija kulturne i prirodne baštine).Bugarska je ratifikovala ovu konvenciju 7. marta1974. godine, a stupila je na snagu 17. decembra 1975.Od tada je samo devet bugarskih dobara 11 uključeno u11 Crkva Bojana (1979), Jahač iz Madare (1979), kamene crkveu Ivanovu (1979), Trački grob u Kazanluku (1979), stari grad Nesebar(1983), prirodni rezervat Srebarna (1983), Nacionalni park Pirin(1983), Rilski manastir (1983), Trački grob u Sveštaru (1985)12 Stari Plovdiv, kosturnica u manastiru Bačkovo, crkva četrdesetvelikomučenika u Velikom Tarnovu, grob u selu Aleksandrovu-Haskovoits authenticity. At this stage it is not possible to attractmore tourists because of financial reasons. There is nomoney for advertising but the most important is thatthere is no infrastructure built which is suitable for manytourists. The place is not popular as other Bulgarianresorts also because it is far from the sea and is inappropriatefor skiing. At this stage what the management ofBojentsi would like to achieve is to include the settlementin some program for cultural tourism. However itis again very specific as what they can offer is only a demonstrationof ‘culture of living’. And also because‘when creating this town-museum the idea was not tomake money from it’ (Dimitrova 2004) and because atthe present time there is no clear idea about the overallstrategy for the future of the reserve.The situation of Bojentsi reserve is strange and it originatesfrom the fact that there is no strategic plan for it.On one side there is a resistance things to be changed.From the other it is clear that funding is needed for preservationof the site. At the present time however nobodywill finance it if there won’t be increase in income. Accordingto Mrs. Dimitrova foreign specialists on open-air museumscan not understand how such a museum exists withoutsufficient income. Bojentsi and its whole territorywas restored and declared as a reserve during the communistperiod when funding for culture came from the state.However things have changed since that period and somethingneeds to be done for Bojentsi to preserve it.On first instance comes the need to prepare a clearstrategic plan.The vision of the Ministry of Culture and theNational Institute for Cultural Monuments for such heritagesites is not clear. If Bojentsi is kept in the situation itis now, with no sufficient funding this imminently will leadto deterioration. If the conception is changed this willconvert the town-museum into a historic town, i.e. one partwill be preserved the way it was, while new building willbe permitted on its borders thus provoking a completelydifferent effect. The first option requires finding fundingfor maintenance with the clear idea that major incomeincrease is not a probability. The second one will destroyBojentsi authenticity as town-museum and will make fromit one of the many historic towns in Bulgaria.The situation of Bulgarian internal affairs makes itlucid that sufficient funding coming from the state forsuch heritage sites is not to be expected in foreseen future.There are at least two major organizations whichresources, competence and know-how should be used,i.e. UNESCO and EU.A possible action in this situation is the inclusion ofthe site in UNESCO World Heritage List which againhowever eminently means some actions from Bulgarianside. UNESCO does not choose the sites to be included;the proposal has to come from Bulgarian side.The UNESCO convention concerning the Protectionof the World Cultural and Natural heritage includes…groups of separate or connected buildings, which,because of their architecture, their homogeneity or theirplace in the landscape, are of outstanding universal valuefrom the point of view of history, art and science…(Article 1 – Definition of the cultural and natural heritage)Bulgaria ratified the convention on 7 th of March 1974and it entered into force as of the 17 th December 1975.Since then only 9 Bulgarian properties 11 have beenincluded in the UNESCO World Heritage List, yet Bojentsi,which has all the necessary features to be included inthe list, is not there. The last site inscribed to the list was11 Boyana church (1979), Madara Rider (1979), Rock-hewn churchesof Ivanovo (1979), Thracian tomb of Kazanluk (1979), Ancient city ofNessebar (1983), Srebarna Nature reserve (1983), Pirin National park(1983), Rila Monastery (1983), Thracian tomb of Sveshtari (1985)85