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vitom delu Balkanskih planina i predstavlja oblikpredstavljanja prošlosti, ekonomskog razvoja, načina životai bugarske renesanse u arhitekturi i tehnici.Aleksieva (1994) navodi da se muzej prostire na 7 hai uključuje originalne kuće, radionice, tehnička sredstvana vodeni pogon, keramiku i ćilime, izuzetne rezbarije iprefinjen srebrni nakit. Sve kuće su u stilu bugarske renesanse(XVIII-XIX vek) i u svakoj postoji i mala prodavnicasa bugarskim zanatskim proizvodima.Danas muzeji na otvorenom imaju značajnu ulogu usvetskom muzejskom okruženju. U diskusijama i nakonferencijama razmatraju se mogućnosti za poboljšanjenjihovog stanja, za njihovo oživljavanje, da li suprihvatljive replike zgrada i drugih neoriginalnih strukturakao izložbenih objekata, kako uklopiti sakralneobjekte u ove lokalitete 7 . Niko, ipak, ne dovodi u pitanječinjenicu da muzeji na otvorenom predstavljaju načinvizualizacije perioda istorijskog razvoja jedne zemlje iliregiona, koji je stvoren premeštanjem artefakata sa svojihmesta ili pravljenjem replika zgrada kada premeštanjenije bilo moguće, jer je to osnovni koncept muzeja naotvorenom od vremena Artura Hazeliusa i njegovogSkansena.Suprotan koncept predstavljaju Bojenci, već pomenutigrad-muzej. Selo Bojenci (sl. 3, 4 i 5) leži u centralnomdelu Stare Planine. Po legendi, osnovano je prvihgodina Otomanske vlasti (1393) kada je jedna vlastelinka,Bojana, iz sela Veliko Turnovo pobegla sa porodicomi našla pribežište u planini i tu osnovala selo. Tokom petvekova turske vlasti osnovni izvor života sela bili sustočarstvo, zanati i trgovina.Danas Nacionalni institut za spomenike kulture seloBojenci smatra arhitektonskim i istorijskim rezervatomna osnovu pomenutih propisa br 5 i 6 Ministarstvakulture. Većina kuća, sagrađenih pre 200 godina imasvoje vlasnike, ali nikakve promene nisu dozvoljene bezsaglasnosti Instituta. Za restauraciju i održavanje zaduženje Institut, što, prema dr. Lisicovu 8 , stručnjaku Nacionalnoginstituta za spomenike kulture, za vlasnikepredstavlja “mač sa dve oštrice”. Vlasnik ne plaća popravke,ali ako želi da proda kuću, mora državi da vratisredstva uložena u očuvanje zgrade. Jasno je da ni novivlasnik ne sme da vrši nikakve izmene bez dozvole Instituta.Pet kuća u rezervatu sumuzeji 9 , a tu su i manastirskaškola i crkva. Ostalekuće su biblioteka, voskara,gostionice, nekolikokrčmi i poslastičarnica,gde se mogu videti stariposlastičarski proizvodi.Ovaj kompleks je u potpunostiočuvan, a mora takavi da ostane, u skladu sa bugarskimzakonima.Procedura za proglašenjelokaliteta za istorijski iSlika 3 Bojenci - prodavnica slatkiša i kafedžinicaFig.3 Bojentsi – the sweets shop and caféarhitektonski rezervatkomplikovana je i utvrđena u odredbama Ministarstvakulture br 5 iz 1998. godine (koje derogiraju prethodnipropis br. 5 iz 1969.) i br 6 iz 1979. godine. Propis br 5utvrđuje proceduru za proglašenje lokaliteta za izuzet-7 Teme na XVII Godišnjoj konferenciji Asocijacije evropskihmuzeja na otvorenom, 27. avgust-2. septembar, 1995, Belfast, v.Gailey, A. (ed.) 1997 XVII Godišnja konferencija evropskihmuzeja na otvorenom, XVII Godišnja konferencija evropskihmuzeja na otvorenom, Severna Irska8 Intervju – Dr. Stefan Lisitzov – april 2003. godine9 Kuća Topalova, baba-Rajnina kuća, pop-Dončova kuća, kućaGanke Kadijeve, kuća Cane MihoveThere is only one open-air museum in Bulgaria, namedEtara (Fig. 2). It was created in 1964 and during thecommunist period some authors such as Koniarska(1984:5) considered it as structure ‘inexpedient and intolerablefor Bulgaria’. It is difficult to agree with thisoverstatement, characteristic for the years of communistcensorship because the importance of open-air museumsas a specific way of representing and preservingthe past for education and enjoyment is unquestionablein modern society. Etara is situated in a picturesque regionof the Balkan Mountains and is a form of presentingthe historical past, economic development, the wayof life and Revival architecture and techniques.Aleksieva (1994) reveals that the museum covers anarea of 7 hectares and includes genuine houses, craftsmenworkshops, water driven technical facilities, potteryand rugs, exquisite wood carvings and fine silverjewellery. All houses are in Revival style (18 th – 19 th centuries)and in each one there is a small crafts shop wheretraditional Bulgarian crafts can be found.Today open-air museums are an important part ofthe world museum environment. Discussions and conferencesare held about how to further improve their state,how to enliven them, is it appropriate to use replicabuildings and other non-original structures as exhibits,how the sacral building fit into these sites 7 . No one howeverquestion the fact that open-air museums representa way to visualise a period of the historical developmentof a country or region but created after movingartefacts from other places or building replicas of existingones when moving was not possible as this is thebasis of the open-air museums idea from the time of ArturHazelius and his Skansen.As opposed to this idea comes the example of Bojentsi,the above mentioned living town-museum.Bojentsi village (Fig. 3, 4 and 5) is situated in thecentral part of Stara Planina Mountain. Legends saythat it was founded in the first years of the Ottomanconquest (1393) when a noble woman named Bojanafrom the town of Veliko Turnovo escaped with her familyand found refuge in the mountain and went on to foundthe village. During the 5 centuries Ottoman dominationstock-breeding, different crafts and trade were the basicmeans of livelihood in thevillage.Today the whole villageof Bojentsi has been deemedan architectural andhistoric reserve by the Nationalinstitute for CulturalMonuments under the abovementioned Acts No 5and 6 of the Ministry of theCulture. Most of the houses,built 200 years ago areprivate but nobody canmake changes without thepermission of the Institute.All restoration and maintenanceis executed by the Institute, which according toDr. Lisitzov 8 , specialist in the National institute for CulturalMonuments, is a ‘double-edged sword for the owner’.The owner does not pay for repairs but if he wants tosell the house the state takes back the part from the moneyinvested in preservation of the building. The newowner is obviously again not allowed to do anything7 Matters discussed during the 17 th annual conference of theAssociation of European Open Air Museums, August 27 th – September2 nd , 1995, Belfast, see Gailey, A. (ed.) 1997 17 th annual conferenceof the Association of European Open Air Museums, Associationof European Open Air Museums, Northern Ireland8 Interview - Dr. Stefan Lisitzov – April 200383