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mišu, Velika Britanija, objašnjava da muzej priča o ljudimaseveroistočne Engleske tokom dva značajna datumau njihovoj istoriji – 1825. i 1913.godine…Većina kuća,radnji i drugih zgrada je “razmontirana” na nekommestu u regionu i ponovo sagrađena ovde 6 .Izgradnja lokaliteta je zavisila od premeštanja zgradada bi bile ponovo podignute u novom okruženju, čimeje rekonstruisan određeni period britanske istorije.Hazelijusova ideja se širila i otvoreni su mnogi muzejina otvorenom, prvo u susednim zemljama – Danskoj, Holandiji,Norveškoj, Nemačkoj, mada je u malo zemalja biloodgovarajućih uslova za njihovo osnivanje (Czajkowski1981: 14). Do I svetskog rata osnovana su 44 muzeja na otvorenom,a Norveška je predvodila sa 16 muzeja osnovanihdo 1914. godine (Czajkowski ibid: 15). Period izmeđudva rata karakteriše pojačana aktivnost na ovom planu.Pojavili su se novi muzeji na otvorenom u Austriji,Čehoslovačkoj, Letoniji i Ruskoj Sovjetskoj Republici,Rumuniji, Mađarskoj, Velikoj Britaniji i Nemačkoj. Trebapomenuti letonski muzej na otvorenom, koji je osnovan1924. godine u Rigi, pošto je to jedan od najstarijihi najvećih takvih muzeja u Evropi. Grad predstavlja rekonstrukcijuživota u Letoniji od XVII do XIX veka.Imanja, crkve, mlinovi, ribarska sela i druge istorijskezgrade prenete su iz raznih delova zemlje. Danas muzejzauzima 100 ha i u njemu svoje veštine pokazuju stručnjaciiz 18 različitih oblasti: drvodelje koji prave kašike,pčelari, grnčari i drugi. U Usma crkvi svake nedelje služise služba. Tokom leta održavaju se koncerti na orguljamai koncerti narodne muzike i sajmovi zanatstva.Zbirka sadrži 100.000 predmeta. Posebno je zanimljivWeb sajt muzeja (http://www.virmus.com), projekat kojifinansira Evropska unija, gde se mogu videti ne samoaktuelna postavka u muzeju već i dokumentacija i fotografijekoje govore o izgradnji muzeja, ali i o svakoj kući,mlinu, farmi ili drugoj zgradi u muzeju. Širenje i osnivanjenovih muzeja nastavilo se i posle rata i zahvatiloje celu Evropu. Prema Čajkovskom (ibid: 18) 1980-tihje bilo oko 500 muzeja na otvorenom.Slika 2 EtaraFig.2 Etara82U Bugarskoj postoji samo jedan muzej na otvorenom,Etara (sl. 2). Osnovan je 1964.godine i za vremekomunističkog perioda pojedini autori kao Konjarska(Koniarska 1984: 5), smatrali su ih “strukturom nepodesnomi neprihvatljivom za Bugarsku”. Teško se možemosložiti sa ovim preterivanjem, karakterističnim zagodine komunistričke cenzure, jer se u modernom društvudanas ne dovodi u pitanje značaj muzeja na otvorenomkao specifičnog načina za predstavljanje i očuvanjeprošlosti, obrazovanje i zabavu. Etara se nalazi u sliko-6 http://www.beamish.co.ukfirst in the world open-air museum. When it opened on11 October 1891 4 visitors could see the Mora farmhousewhich Hazelius had acquired as early as 1885, the Kyrkhultfarmhouse (a distinctive house from the province ofBlekinge in southern Götaland) or the chipping housefrom Orsa. Until the end of his life in 1901 Hazelius continuedto expand the land and move in the park housesfrom different provinces such as the Bölnas house,which had been moved in 1892 or build copies such asthe last house he built, the belfry from Hĺsjö in the provinceof Jämtland. Hazelius had wanted to move the originalbut had met strong resistance and had to be contentwith a copy (Edenheim ibid: 11). Since its openingin 1891 the site grew with more than 150 historic buildingsmoved there from nearly every part of Sweden.The settings show how people in different social classeslived, worked and were housed. In the houses and farmsteads,hosts and hostesses in period costume tell aboutlife as it used to be lived in the house one is visiting 5 .Inother words the open-air museum in its pure form is anartificially created site. A closer look to a more recentexample will reveal that this is still the basis of theopen-air museums idea. The web site of Beamish openairmuseum in UK explains that the museumtells the story of the people of North East England attwo important points of their history - 1825 and 1913. …Most of the houses, shops and other buildings have been“deconstructed”from elsewhere in the region and rebuilthere. 6The construction of the site depended on movingbuildings to erect a new settlement, recreating particularperiod of British history.The idea of Hazelius spread and many open air museumswere established, first in countries nearby Sweden- in Denmark, Holland, Norway, Germany althoughonly a few countries provided proper conditions fortheir establishment (Czajkowski 1981: 14). Until theFirst World War 44 such museums were established,Norway leading with 16 open-air museums by 1914(Czajkowski ibid: 15). The period between the two warsis characterized by great activities in this direction. Newopen-air museums appeared in Austria, Czechoslovakia,Latvian and Russian Soviet Republics, Romania, Hungary,Great Britain and Germany. It is worth mentioningthe Latvian open-air museum which opened in 1924 inRiga as it is one of the oldest and biggest in Europe. Thetown reconstructs the life of Latvia in the 17-19 centuries.Farmsteads, churches, windmills, fishing villagesand other historic countryside buildings have been movedhere from different parts of the country. Today themuseums spreads on a territory of 100 hectares andmasters of 18 different crafts demonstrate their work:spoon-carvers, bee-keepers, potters and others. Servicesare held at Usma Church every Sunday. The organ andfolk music concerts and regular craft fairs that take placein the summer time. The collection contains 100 000items. Incredibly interesting is the web site devoted tothe museum (http://www.virmus.com), a project supportedby the European Union, where one can see not onlythe present state of the museum but also documentariesand photographs testifying how it was built and theseare for every house, farm, mill or other building in themuseum. The movement of expansion and building upof new museums continued after the war and spreadthroughout Europe. According to Czajkowski (ibid: 18)there were about 500 open-air museums by 1980s.4 Lindblom (1937: 3) consider 30 th of August 1891 as date ofinauguration5 http.//www.skansen.se6 http:// www.beamish.co. uk