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Ana Živković, istoričar umetnostiPlaniranje muzeja« Kada rešavamo teškoće - prvo treba krenutiod prostih stvari,kada planiramo velika dela - treba krenutiod malih stvari.»Lao CePlaniranje, kao deo studija u cilju razvoja neke oblasti,počelo je da se primenjuje u 20. veku. Zemlje sasocijalističkim sistemima prve su započele sa planiranjem,da bi 50-tih godina prošlog veka planiranje doživeloekspanziju i u drugim državama. Planiranje muzejarazvilo se, kao samostalna studija, krajem prošlogveka, kao jedan od bitnih instrumenata za razvoj muzeja.Kao i u mnogim drugim kompleksnim institucijamasadašnjice i muzeju treba planiranje. Muzejsko planiranjeje studija i praktična veština čuvanja i interpretacijekulturnog materijala, određivanjem svih komponentikoje sadrže muzej. Postupak donošenja plana je izuzetnodug i složen proces, urađen sa ciljem da se pronađumoguća rešenja, koja će dovesti do razvoja muzeja.Da bi radio, svaki muzej treba da ima :- osoblje- prostor- plan za unapređenjePri procesu planiranja potrebno je sastaviti :- Plan osnivanja- Tekst o osnivanju- Procenu programa- Analizu kolekcije- Analizu marketinga- Analizu posetilacaNaravno, ono što omogućuje adekvatno ostvarenjeovih ciljeva je budžet.Plan osnivanjaMuzej kao institucija mora da ima svoju zgradu, gdeće čuvati i izlagati muzejske zbirke. To su građevine kojesu još u projektu namenjene i specijalno građene zamuzeje ili su to pak zgrade od istorijskog značaja, dodeljenemuzejima.U prvom slučaju, specijalno projektovana zgradaodgovara potrebama muzeja, i zato je najčešće podvrgnutajednostavnim i uprošćenim oblicima moderne arhitekture,čime se ispunjavaju uslovi korisnosti i funkcionalnosti.Ali, veći problem za muzealce predstavlja adaptacijapostojeće zgrade u muzej. Nažalost, u našim prilikama,u manjim mestima, muzeji su obično smešteni u nefunkcionalnei neodgovarajuće zgrade iz 18. i 19. veka,bezistane, konake i slično. Sama zgrada muzeja običnospada u red najreprezentativnijih objekata javne namene,u okviru graditeljskog nasleđa jednog kraja. Međutimtakva zgrada, i sama spomenik istorije, ne odgovarai funkcionalnim potrebama muzejskog prostora.Pri izboru zgrade mora da se vodi računa o sledećem:- Muzej treba da bude daleko od vojnih i industrijskihobjekata.- Lokacija muzeja je važna, ali to nije jedini i primarnifaktor u privlačenju posetilaca.- Neophodno je postojanje dobrih saobraćajnih komunikacijasa muzejem (dobro bi bilo da se muzejnalazi u blizini linija javnog gradskog saobraćaja).Pri adaptaciji zgrada, u cilju funkcionisanja muzeja,Ana Živković, Art historianMuseum planing“When dealing with difficulties, it is necessary to startfrom simple things,when planning great deeds – one should start from littlethings.”Lao-tsePlanning, as part of survey aimed at development of acertain field, came into practice during 20th century.Countries with socialistic regimes were first to start it,but it expanded also in other countries during 1950s.Museum planning, as an independent domain, emergedat the end of the last century, as one of the important instrumentsof museum development.Just like many other complex modern institutions, amuseum needs planning. Museum planning refers tosurvey and practical skill of safekeeping and interpretationof cultural objects, through definition of all thecomponents of a museum. The process of making a planis a long-lasting and complex one, and its objective is tosearch <strong>for</strong> possible solutions that would lead towardsmuseum development.In order to function properly, every museum shouldhave:- staff- space- development planWithin a planning process, it is necessary to make:- Founding plan- Mission statement- Program assessment- Collection assessment- Marketing assessment- Visitors assessmentOf course, the element that enables fulfillment of allthis objectives is funding.Founding planA museum, as an institution, has to have its own building,a place <strong>for</strong> safekeeping and displaying museumcollections. These are, right from the architectural projectitself, buildings meant and specially built <strong>for</strong> museumsor they are buildings of historical significance thatmuseums are located in.In the first case, specially designed building answersthe needs of a museum, and there<strong>for</strong>e it usually followssimple <strong>for</strong>ms of modern architecture, fulfilling, in thesame way, conditions of usefulness and functionality.But a greater problem to museum workers poses abuilding adapted <strong>for</strong> museum use. Regretfully, in ourcountry, particularly in small towns, museums are usuallylocated in inadequate buildings from the 18th and19th centuries, inns and covered market places fromTurkish times, and the like. The museum buildingsthemselves are commonly the most representative publicbuildings within architectural heritage of a region.However, this kind of building, being historical monumentitself, does not correspond with museum needs.Choice of a building has to rely on the following elements:- Museum should be away from military and industrialpremises.- Location of the museum is important, but not theprimary factor in attracting visitors.69

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