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nosti (kao što je zbirka Luvra) je posledica toga.2. U XIX veku je prevladala analogija kraljice Viktorijepošto su artikli napravljeni u fabrikama služili kaomodel za zbirke predmeta u muzejima umetnosti industrijskogdoba, kao što je Viktorija i Albert u Londonu , iu muzejima nauke i industrije, kakav je Nemački nacionalnimuzej u Minhenu.3. Gradovi su se u XX veku pojavili kao centri komunikacijau kojima prevladjuju slike, podstičući razvojonih muzeja u kojima su objekti sekundarni u odnosuna ideje i slike, kao u muzejima ideja, kakav je Urbisu Mančesteru (muzej o urbanoj civilizaciji), i u interaktivnimmuzejima kao što je Projekat slušanja muzike uSijetlu.Sada, na početku XXI veka, rano je da pokušamo dapredvidimo novi uzorak. Ipak, nekoliko pojava je, sasvimjasno, od velikog uticaja na način na koji muzejiumetnosti odgovaraju našem sopstvenom vremenu:- Gradovi su se ponovo utemeljili kao osnovni pokretačiekonomije. Dok je nacionalna država uvidjalada rast multinacionalnih korporacija prkosinjenoj ranije neospornoj moći, gradovi su sve višepostajali stvarni izvor i centar ekonomskog razvoja.- Postoji globalna potreba za doživotnim učenjemkoje treba da bude ne<strong>for</strong>malno da bi bilo delotvorno,pošto se radi o učenju odraslih koji su već zaposlenia ne o deci u školi. Muzeji su idealno mestoza takvu vrstu učenja.- Svuda ljudi osećaju iskrenu potrebu da zastupajusvoje sopstvene lokalne ili nacionalne identiteteuprkos sve većoj globalizaciji. Muzeji nude mestogde takvi identiteti mogu da se oblikuju, ogledaju ikritikuju.- Savremena umetnost više nije avangardna već jepostala dominantna u mnogim gradovima širomsveta. Uz popularnu muziku, postala je važan načinizrazavanja individualnih vrednosti i kao takvuje sve više prepoznaje sve veći broj ljudi širomsveta.- Kulturni turizam je najdinamičniji deo onoga štoje postalo najveća svetska industrija - turizma.Gradovi su najčešća destinacija kulturnih turista.- Svuda u svetu ljudi učestvuju u virtuelnim iskustvimane samo na internetu već i preko mobilnih telefona,palm pilot-a i sličnih naprava.Odgovor muzeja umetnosti na ove promene bio jeperiod naporne aktivnosti koja moze da se sagleda krozjedan ili nekoliko od ovih šest tokova:- Puka fizička ekspanzija da bi se ispunili sve većizahtevi i da bi se išlo u korak sa rastom zbirke.- Obnavljanje nacionalnih identiteta, ne u suprotglobalizaciji, već kao načina učestvovanja u globalizovanomsvetu i kao protivteže homogenizacijiiskustava svuda u svetu.- Decentralizacija pristupa zbirkama, posebno <strong>for</strong>miranjemogranaka, onih muzeja koji imaju vodećezbirke, širom sveta.- Značajna uloga muzeja u isticanju muzejskihgradova kao destinacija u kulturnom turizmu.- Razvoj novih tipova muzeja kao odgovor na izazovesveta koji se ubrzano menja.- I, dolazak virtuelnih izložbi kao načina da seomogući vizuelni pristup slikama iz muzejskezbirke.Ovaj rad daje primere za svaku od ovih tendencija,izvučene iz nedavne prakse muzejskog planiranja u firmiLORD - planiranje i menadžment kulturnih dobara,najvećoj svetskoj firmi specijalizovanoj za muzejskoplaniranje.52as the British Museum) and the comprehensive art historycollections (such as the Louvre).2. In the 19th century Queen Victoria’s analogy prevailed,as commodities manufactured in factories providedthe model <strong>for</strong> collections of artifacts in industrialarts museums like the V&A in London, and in museumsof science and industry such as the Deutschesmuseum inMunich.3. And in the 20th century, cities have emerged ascommunication centres where images prevail, giving riseto museums in which objects are secondary to ideasand images, as in Idea Museums, such as Urbis in Manchester(a museum about urban civilization) and InteractiveMuseums like the Experience Music Project inSeattle.At the beginning of the 21st century, it is a bit early<strong>for</strong> us to attempt to project a new paradigm. However,several phenomena are clearly of major importance affectingthe way in which art museums are responding toour own time:- Cities have re-established themselves as the essentialengines of the economy. While the nation statehas seen its <strong>for</strong>merly undisputed power challengedby the growth of the multi-<strong>national</strong> corporation,cities have become increasingly the real source andcenter of economic development.- There is a global need <strong>for</strong> lifelong learning that hasto be in<strong>for</strong>mal if it is to be effective, since it is aquestion of learning by adults who are already inthe workplace, not by children at schools. Museumsare an ideal venue <strong>for</strong> such learning.- People everywhere are experiencing a heartfelt needto assert their own local or <strong>national</strong> identities inthe face of increasing globalization. Museums offera place where such identities may be fashioned,mirrored or criticized.- Contemporary art is no longer avant garde, but hasbecome mainstream in most cities throughout theworld. Along with popular music, it has become animportant means of expressing individual values,and is increasingly recognized as such by ever-growingnumbers of people worldwide.- Cultural tourism is the most dynamic part of whathas become the world’s major industry, tourism.Cities are the most common destinations of culturaltourists.- Around the world people are participating in virtualexperiences, not only on the net but also onmobile phones, palm pilots and similar devices.The response by art museums to these changes hasbeen a period of intense activity, which may be seen asone or more of six trends:- Sheer physical expansion to meet increased demand,and to keep pace with the growth of collections- Reassertion of <strong>national</strong> identities, not in oppositionto globalization, but as a means of participatingin a globalized world, and as a balance againstworldwide homogenization of experiences- Decentralization of access to collections, especiallyby the <strong>for</strong>mation of branches of museums withmajor collections around the world- Playing a significant role in the enhancement ofthe museums’ cities as cultural tourism destinations- The development of new museum types in responseto a rapidly changing world- And the advent of virtual exhibitions as a means ofproviding visual access to images of a museum’scollection.

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