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dr Rasa BertasiuteMuzej na otvorenomLitvanijaVrednosna dimenzijatradicionalne arhitektureShvatanje baštine je subjektivno i podložno promenama.Čak se i stavovi stručnjaka, arhitekata, majstora,građvinara, istraživača i eksperata o baštini razlikuju.No, ukoliko želimo da je sačuvamo za budućnost neophodnoje da se složimo oko toga šta za sve naspredstavlja vrednost.Spoznaja vrednosti baštine može biti dvojaka: čulnai pragmatična. Prva procena se zasniva na našem odnosuprema predmetu i ona je subjektivna. Druga zavisi odonoga što sami znamo o baštini. Ali, ako ne posedujemoznanje i čulni odnos prema predmetu, nećemo biti u stanjuda mu utvrdimo vrednost. To se upravo dogodilo isada imamo novi cilj – da pronađemo načine za prepoznavanjebaštine i ocenu njene vrednosti. Najvažnije jeda se obnovi znanje, a za to je neophodno istraživanje.IstraživanjeRaznovrsnost je najvredniji i glavni cilj održivograzvoja. Ali, kako prepoznati ovu raznovrsnost (saodređnom inherentnom pravilnošću) i kako utvrditi oneoriginalne odlike naše arhitekture koje je čine vrednom?Možemo sa više aspekata da istražujemo/ocenjujemozgrade koje sadrže mnogostruke informacije. Do sada suuglavnom proučavani razvoj planske strukture, klasifikacijai opšte karakteristike regionalne arhitekture. Samakuća je obično dobijala najvišu ocenu ako je krovbio od slame ili trske ili je bila bogato ukrašena. Pa, takoneke od zakonom zaštićenih kuća zapravo nisupredstavljale posebnu vrednost, jer nisu svi aspekti bilivrednovani. Sada je jasno da samo ocena spoljnog izgledanije dovoljna.Da bi se uočile pojedinosti neophodno je tražiti analogijesa drugim objektima. Nije moguće upoređvatikompletne zgrade, ali je jednostavno porediti delove/detalje.Na taj način objekat se svodi na elemente koji suzajednički u arhitekturi. Naprimer:- materijal,- tehnologija,- konstrukcija,- oblik,- funkcija,- okruženje.Oni su zajednički za svaki objekat arhitekture: zazamkove, crkve, kuće, ali i za detalje na ovim građevinamakao što su temelji, zidovi, prozori, vrata, tremovi,krovovi itd. Iste vrednosne dimenzije mogu se primenjivatina građevine u različitim zemljama, ali i na starezgrade i savremenu arhitekturu. Prema tome, ovi aspektisu zajednički. Oni uključuju materijalni podatak, kaoi nematerijalnu informaciju koja je takođe veoma značajnaza arhitektonsko istraživanje. Svaki arhitektonskiobjekat može se proučavati, procenjivati ili identifikovati,polazeći od ovih aspekata i hronoloških, tipološkihi regionalnih poređenja.Šta je pri tom najvažnije?Arhitektura se razvija u okviru tehničkih mogućnostii funkcionalnih zahteva/potreba. Uvek postoji čvrstaveza između svih ovih elemenata. Na primer, okruženjesa specifičnom klimom i predelom određuje funkciju,oblik kao i način gradnje. Funkcija (bilo da se radi o ku-42Dr. Rasa BertasiuteOpen Air MuseumLithuaniaValue dimension oftraditional architecturePerception of heritage is changeable and subjective.Even we specialists, architects, craftsmen, constructors,researchers, experts have different view upon theheritage value. And if we want to preserve it for the futureit is necessary to find and agree about valuablethings common for all of us.Cognition of heritage value is possible in two ways:sensual and pragmatic. The first is based on our relationwith the object and this estimation is subjective. The seconddepends on our personal knowledge about the patrimony.But if we lose/miss knowledge and sensual relationwith the object we can not qualify it as valuable.That is what has just happened and new objective is tofind other way to recognize and appreciate heritage asvaluable. First of all one needs to restore knowledge andthat is field of investigation.InvestigationMost valuable thing and the main aim of sustainabledevelopment is diversity. But how to recognize this diversity(with certain inherent regularity) and to find somedistinctive original features of our architecture thatmake our architecture valuable? Buildings having accumulatedmultisided information can be investigated/evaluatedin many aspects. Up to now mostly thedevelopment of planning structure, classification andgeneral characteristics of regional architecture has beenanalyzed. Usually the house got the best valuation if ithad thatch/straw roof or rich decoration. Thus some oflisted/protected by law houses are not very valuablebecause not all the aspects have been taken into account.Now it is evident that external estimation is notenough.To distinguish singularities we can only compare anobject with analogues. It is impossible to compare overallbuildings, but we can easely compare someparts/details of it. Thus the object should be reduced toelements common to all architecture. Such are:- material,- technology,- construction,- form,- function,- environment.They are common to whole architecture: castles,churches, dwelling houses, also for details of these buildingssuch as foundation, walls, windows, doors, porches,roofs and other. The same value dimension one canapply to buildings in different countries - the same isgood for old/ancient houses as for present architecture.So these aspects are common. They include material datumsame as intangible information that is also very importantfor architectural investigation. Thus every architecturalobject can be investigated, evaluated oridentified by these aspects comparing them on chronological,typological and regional sections.What is most important for these dimensions?Architecture is developing in a frame of technicalpotential and functional demand/requirement. It is alwaystough connection between all these sides of object.For example environment with specific climate and