department for preventive conservation national ... - WebSajtovi

Restauratorske radioniceNacionalnog muzeja podeljenesu po materijalima iizuzetno dobro opremljene.Jedna od njihovih aktivnostije redovna kontrola stanjapredmeta u muzejskojpostavci, kao i predmetakoji su restaurirani u njihovojradionici, a izloženi suna drugim lokacijama.Poštujući principe modernemuzeologije, restauratorikeramike sveli su intervencijena materijalu naminimum, dakle konsolidacijakeramike se veomaretko vrši (samo kada je to apsolutno neophodno za opstanakpredmeta). Uobičajen restauratorski tretmanobuhvata: čišćenje, spajanje i restauraciju samo onihdelova koji su neophodni za stabilnost posude. Restauracijesu u izvesnom smislu standardizovane, tj. određenoje okvirno vreme, koje je potrebno za restauracijupredmeta, izuzev kada je u pitanju specifičan nalaz. Takođeje značajno da se trude da tokom restauracije sačuvajušto više podataka o upotrebi i ?životu? predmeta(metalni mač konsolidovan je sa ostacima krzna, tkaninei drveta, jer to svedoči o izgledu kanija, koje su nestaletokom njegovog boravka u zemlji). Mogućnost korišćenjaiste radionice za rad na raznorodnom materijalu,uz korišćenje digestora ili radnih stolova sa vakumom,takođe je veoma praktična ušteda prostora.Ljubaznošću organizatora, posetili smo i značajnemuzeje u Minhenu. Nemački muzej - koji na jednommestu okuplja postavke razvoja tehnologije keramike,stakla, tkanja, gradnje brodova, aviona, rudarstva i replikuoslikanog svoda pećine Altamira; Modernu, Novui Staru Pinakoteku - koje čine jedinstven muzejski kompleks,u kome je zastupljena umetnost od kasnog srednjegveka do danas; Zamak Nimfenburg (Nymphenburg)- sa Manufakturom majsenskog porcelana, kojajoš uvek radi na isti način na koji se radilo pre dva vekai Muzejom prirode i čoveka; Palatu Lusthajm (Lustheim)u parku Šleshajm (Schleissheim) izvan Minhena,izgrađenu u stilu italijanske barokne vile 1684.-89., restauriranu1971. godine, da bi u njoj bila smeštena i izloženanajkompletnija zbirka ranog majsenskog porcelana,poklon pasioniranog kolekcionara Šnajdera (ErnstSchneider), koji je svoj poklon uslovio dobijanjem dozvoleda živi u samoj palati i da njegova kolekcija budeizložena (pri čemu je sam konstruisao većinu izložbenihvitrina u kojima je kolekcija i danas izložena).U vreme naše posete Minhenu svečano je otvorena ivelika izložba ?Svet Vizantije? (Die Welt von Byzanz –Europas östliches Erbe), izložba dugo pripremana, nakojoj su, po prvi put, zajedno izloženi nalazi sa Istoka iZapada. Poražavajuće je bilo videti kameni reljef isečen,odnosno stanjen, jer to pojeftinjuje njegov transport (reljefje vlasništvo privatnog lica). Videli smo način organizacijei prezentacije materijala, i zamerili zbog nedostatkabilo kakvog objašnjenja pisanog na engleskom.Organizovan je i izlet u Augsburg. Posetili smo zaštitnaarheološka iskopavanja, videli kuću Pointingera iRimski muzej. Pointingerova kuća je sada privatno vlasništvo,a kameni reljefi ugrađeni u zidove kuće su u očajnomstanju, jer sadašnji vlasnik ne dozvoljava bilo kakvuintervenciju. Ova poseta pružila je svima nama mogućnostda se bliže upoznamo sa sistemom zaštite kulturnognasleđa i muzeološkim principima u Nemačkoj, dobrim ilošim stranama zakona o zaštiti spomenika, i uporedimoih sa trenutnim stanjem u našim zemljama.178Portal Katedrale u AugsburguAugsburg Cathedral portaltion of museum objects belongsto the activities, aswell as of the objects restoredin their workshops butexhibited elsewhere.Observing the modernconservation principles,the ceramics restorers minimizedtheir interventionon materials, e.g. consolidationof ceramics is donerarely (only when absolutelyneccessary for the preservationof object). Theusual conservation treatmentconsists of: cleaning,bonding of fragments andrestoration, but only of the part crucial for the stabilityof an object. Conservation is standardized in a way, theamount of time needed for a treatment of an object isdefined, except in cases of specific object. An importantissue is an effort to save as many data as possible on useand «life» of finds during restoration treatment (a metalsword was consolidated together with remains of fur,textile and wood, as it shows the form of sheaths thatappeared on it in the ground). The possibility of usingthe same workshops for various materials, having fumecupboards and working tables with vacuum system, isalso very convenient.Thanks to our hosts, we had the oportunity to visitthe most significant museums in Munich. DeutschesMuseum which offers, at the same place, various displaysof ceramics, glass, weaving, ship making, aircraftsand mining tehnology development, as well as a replicaof Altamira cave painted ceiling. Modern, New and OldPinacotheca, representing a museum complex, displaysart from late Middle Ages to modern times. The NymphenburgCastle houses the old Meissen porcelainworkshop functioning the same way as it did two centuriesago, as well as the Natural History and MankindMuseum. The Lustheim Palace in Schleissheim Garden,just outside Munich, was built in barroque Italian villastyle of 1684-89 and restored in 1971 to house and displaythe most complete collection of early Meissen porcelain,as gift from pasionatted collector Ernst Schneider,conditioned with his permision to stay in the Palaceand display his collection there (he personally constructedmost of the cases in which the collection is placedtoday).During our stay in Munich, the exibition World ofByzantium was opened. It took very long time to prepareit, and it was an opportunity to see the finds fromEast and West displayed together for the first time. Itwas astounding to see stone relief cut on the back, becauseit made the transportation cheaper (the relief isprivately owned). We saw the way the exibition was organizedand the materials presented and it was pity therewas no explanation in English.We also had an organised visit to Augsburg. We visitedan archaeological site with preserving excavationcarried out, the House of Pointinger and The RomanMuseum. The House of Pointinger is now a private property,and stone reliefs built in the house walls are invery bad condition, because the present owner does notallow any intervention. This visit gave us all an opportunityto have a closer look on sistem of protection ofcultural property and museological principles in Germany,advantages and disadvantages of their law onprotection of cultural heritage, and to compare it withpresent condition in our countries.