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Sicilijansko lutkarsko pozorište, Italija (2001)Sicilian Puppet Theatre, Italy (2001)120- Kutijatam sanskritsko pozorište – Indija;- Sicilijansko lutkarsko pozorište – Italija;- Nogaku pozorište – Japan;- Izrada krstova i njen značaj u Litvaniji – Litvanija;- Kulturni prostor Trg Džama el Fna –Maroko;- Hadhad pesme Ifugaoa – Filipini;- Običaj kraljevskih praotaca i ritualna muzika uJongmio Šrinu – Republika Koreja;- Kulturni prostor i Usmena kultura Semiski – Ruskafederacija;- Tajna igra Elče – Španija;- Kulturni prostor oblasti Bojsan – Uzbekistan. 11U skladu s definicijom UNESCO-a, profesor ĐovaniPina je, uz napomenu da je teško precizno povući granice,odredio tri kategorije nematerijalne kulturne baštine:Kulturni izrazi ili tradicionalni načini života određenezajednice, kao na primer religijski rituali, tradicionalnaekonomija, folklor, otelotvoreni u fizičkom obliku.Ovoj kategoriji pripadaju neka od UNESCO-vih “remekdela usmene i nematerijalne baštine čovečanstva”, kaošto su Kunku opera, Sicilijanske lutke, pijaca u MarakešuJemaa el-Fna.Individualna i kolektivna izražavanja, koja nemajufizički oblik: jezik, pamćenje, usmena tradicija, pesme inezapisana tradicionalna muzika itd. Neke od ovih izrazaje UNESCO već proglasio “remek delom”, kao što jeusmena baština naroda Zapara u Ekvadoru i Peruu.Simbolična i metaforična značenja predmeta materijalnebaštine. 12 U okviru ove kategorije, on govori omuzejskim predmetima, uz isticanje simboličnih i metaforičnihosobenosti prilikom tumačenja predmeta i kultureiz koje predmet potiče. 13“ŽIVI TREZORI BAŠTINE”Čuvanje nematerijalne baštine dugo je bilo prepuštenonarodima i državama. Nije postojala organizovanazaštita na međunarodnom nivou. Akciju je preduzeoUNESCO, smatrajući da bi zbog zaštite, bilo efikasno osiguratiprenosioce baštine, koji će nastaviti da stiču daljeznanje i veštine i da ga prenose novim generacijama.S tim ciljem, prenosioci nasleđa bi morali da buduidentifikovani i zvanično prepoznati. Zbog toga je u11 UNESCO-Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Oral andIntangible heritage of Humanity.htm. Dve godine kasnije UNESCOje proglasio još 28 remek dela. Sledeće proglašenje je 2005, za kojeje Srbija podnela svoj predlog – epske narodne pesme.12 Giovanni Pinna, Intengible Heritage and Museums, ICOMNEWS no 4, Paris 2003.13 Saopštenje prof. Pine u Dubrovniku u okviru manifestacije“Najbolji u baštini” održano 23.septembra 2003. i predavanje uNarodnom muzeju u Beogradu održano 30. septembra 2003.protection and preservation of tangible cultural assets.Those elements should be implied, for example, in repairingtechniques applied on traditional musical instrumentsor in stone cutting for the reconstruction ofmonuments or as traditional methods of preparing walland roof coverings could be useful in customary masonry.Consequently, preservation of intangible cultural propertiesimplies preservation and transmission of theskills and techniques needed in the process of their production.That is possible only through a special recognitiongiven to persons who posses knowledge of the skillsin a very high degree.Primary purpose of establishing Living Human Treasuressystem is to preserve the skills and techniques neededfor creation of cultural manifestations which areconsidered to have high historical or artistic value for theMember State. Within this system, rewards are predictedfor recognized persons in order to encourage them to:- continue their work,- develop and expand the frontiers of their work,- train young people to continue with their workThis system should encourage young people to devoteto learning these skills and techniques by offering apossibility to become famous and perhaps rich if theyreach a level of excellence.Large number of countries support Living Human Treasuresprogramme: Philippines, Thailand, Romania andFrance among others. In 1950 The Government of Japangave special recognition to holders of the skills and techniquesessential for confirmation of important intangiblecultural properties. Recognized individuals were designated‘Living National Treasures’. Collectives and groups werealso recognized as important holders. On 1 July 1994, sevencategories of performing arts (36 specific skills) and ninein the applied arts (39 specific skills) were selected asimportant intangible property of Japan. Those skills havebeen held by 52 individuals and 23 groups.The Government of Republic of Korea introduced itsown system in 1964, in order to ensure preservation andtransmission of intangible cultural properties to futuregenerations. By September 1995, this State has honored92 intangible cultural properties – 167 individual holdersand 50 holding organizations were registered.Although these countries have all been working with‘Living Human Treasures’ concept, the idea itself fallswithin the scope of UNESCO Recommendation on theSafeguarding of Traditional Cultures and Folklore from1989. In this document Member States were urged topreserve folklore in their countries. Folklore was consideredessential to enrichment of the cultural heritage ofhumanity and the protection of cultural identities.SAFEGUARDING INTANGIBLECULTURAL HERITAGEUnderstanding significance of intangible culturalheritage, UNESCO prepared strategy for its protection.15 The Convention on the Safeguarding of the IntangibleCultural Heritage is designed to oblige theMember States to take necessary measures including,for instance, identification of Intangible Cultural Heritage,in order to ensure safeguarding and to strengthensolidarity and cooperation at regional and intergovernmentallevel in this field. The Convention, which is intendedto encourage exchange of information, experiencesand joint initiatives, is meant for the following:- preparation of national inventories of the IntangibleCultural Heritage by the Member States;15 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible CulturalHeritage was adopted by the 32nd session of the UNESCO GeneralConference on 17 October 2003

svakoj državi članici UNESCO-a uspostavljen sistem“Živi trezori baštine” (“Living Human Treasures”). 14“Živi trezori baštine”su imenovane osobe koje u velikomstepenu poznaju veštine i tehnike potrebne zakontinuirano postojanje njihovog materijalnog kulturnognasleđa.Scenska umetnost kao muzika, ples, drama, predstavei rituali ne postoje u fizičkom obliku. Zapisi muzičkihkompozicija postoje, ali ne i sama muzika. Baletska koreografijamože biti zapisana, ali to nije balet. Filmski zapismože da pokaže izvestan proces proizvodnje, ali nemože da zadrži tačan duh žive predstave. Slično tome, tehnikeproizvodnje predmeta, čak i pripremanja hrane, mogubiti zapisane, ali postupak kreacije nema fizičku formu.Predstava i čin izrade su nematerijalni, otelovljeni uveštinama i tehnikama onih koji ih izrađuju. Takođe postojetradicionalni nematerijalni elementi, koje treba da iskoristeoni koji čuvaju i štite materijalna kulturna dobra:na primer tehnike obnavljanja muzičkih instrumenata,poznavanje tradicionalne obrade kamena u rekonstukcijiza spomenike kulture, tradicionalna veština pripremanjazidnih i krovnih pokrivača u narodnom graditeljstvu.Sledstveno tome, zaštita takvog nematerijalnog kulturnogvlasništva podrazumeva zaštitu i prenošenje veštinai tehnika potrebnih za njihovu izradu. Ovo jedinomože biti urađeno tako što će biti prepoznati ljudi visokogstepena veštine i znanja.Primarni cilj uspostavljanja sistema “živi trezoribaštine”je da sačuva veštine i tehnike potrebne za kreiranjei ispoljavanje kulture, koja za državu ima velikuistorijsku ili umetničku vrednost.U okviru ovog sistema ustanovljeno je nagrađivanjeosoba koje su se istakle znanjima i veštinama da bi:- nastavili sa svojim radom;- razvijali i proširivali granice svog rada;- obučavali mlade ljude da zauzmu njihovo mesto.Sistem treba da ohrabri mlade ljude da se posveteučenju veština i tehnika, predočavajući im mogućnostda postanu poznati i slavni, a možda i imućni, ukolikodostignu vrhunski nivo.Veliki broj zemalja je uključen u program “Živi trezoribaštine”: Filipini, Tajland, Rumunija, Francuska, idr.Vlada Japana je još 1950. godine podržala prenosioceveština i tehnika važnih za nastavak održavanja nematerijalnekulture. Prepoznate osobe su označene kao“Živi nacionalni trezori”. Takođe su kao važni prenosiociimenovani kolektivi i grupe. Sedam kategorija scenskeumetnosti (36 posebnih veština) i devet primenjeneumetnosti (39 posebnih veština) su, 1. jula 1994. godine,odabrane kao važno nematerijalno kulturno vlasništvoJapana, koje su održavale 52 osobe i 23 grupe.Vlada Republike Koreje je 1964. godine uvela svojsistem da bi osigurala zaštitu i prenošenje vlasništvanad nematerijalnim dobrima budućim generacijama. Useptembru 1995. godine država je imala registrovana 92nematerijalna kulturna dobra od značaja, 167 individualnihdepozitara i 50 organizacija.Iako sve ove države rade s konceptom “živi trezori”, samaideja se poklapa s preporukom UNESCO-a o čuvanjutradicionalne kulture i folklora iz 1989. godine, po kojojdržave članice urgentno treba da sačuvaju folklor u svojimdržavama. Folklor se smatra osnovnim dometom kulturnebaštine čovečanstva i zaštitom kulturnih identiteta.ZAŠTITA NEMATERIJALNE KULTURNE BAŠTINEUvidevši značaj nematerijalnog kulturnog nasleđa,UNESCO je predvideo i njegovu zaštitu. 15 Konvencijom ozaštiti nematerijalne kulturne baštine države članice se14 www.folkline.hu/unesco/unesco_02en.htm - top15 Konvencija o zaštiti nematerijalne kulturne baštine, usvojenana 32. sednici Generalne konferencije UNESCO-a 17. oktobra2003. u Parizu.Intangible heritageThe most up-to-date definition of intangible culturalheritage is:people’s learned processes along with the knowledge,skills and creativity that inform and are developedby them, the products they create, and resources,spaces and other aspects of social and naturalcontext necessary to their sustainability; these processesprovide living communities with a sense of continuitywith previous generations and are important tocultural identity, as well as to safeguarding of culturaldiversity and creativity of humanityForms of intangible cultural heritage include,amongst others, languages, oral traditions, customs,music, dance, rituals, festivals, traditional medicine,food preparation and presentation, handicrafts andarchitectural skills. The products of intangible culturalheritage may be seen, touched or heard, but theskills and techniques and the actual acts of creation,have no physical form. The skills and techniques are,therefore, intangible.Living Human Treasures SystemsLiving Human Treasures are persons who embodyin the very highest degree the skills and techniquesnecessary for the production of selected aspects of thecultural life of a people and the continued existence oftheir material cultural heritage.….The preservation of intangible cultural heritageimplies the identification, conservation, dissemination,protection, promotion and transmission of theskills and techniques necessary for creation. This requiresthat special recognition and support should begiven to people who embody the skills and techniquesto the very highest degree as Living Human Treasures.Preservation can only be achieved through the implementationof appropriate legislation and policy.….The primary purpose of establishing a system ofLiving Human Treasures is to preserve the skills andtechniques necessary for the creation of cultural manifestationsthat are identified by appropriate nationalorganisations within the (UNESCO) Member Statesas having high historic or artistic values.The system should reward people who embody theskills and techniques of the identified cultural manifestationsso that they will be encouraged to:- Continue with their own creative work;- Where desirable, develop and expand the frontiersof that work;- At the same time, in all situations, train youngerpeople to take their place in due course.The system should encourage younger people todevote their lives to learning the skills and techniquesof the identified cultural manifestations by holdingout to them the possibility of future recognition andsupport, and the national or international fame, ifthey are able to achieve the necessary level of excellence.(“Guidelines for the Establishment of Living HumanTreasures Systems”, 2004 - UNESCO and KoreanNational Commission for UNESCO document)….When writing about intangible heritage and itspreservation three terms are used etally to denote thosewho are the Living Human Treasures - Holder, bearer,maintainer.121

svakoj državi članici UNESCO-a uspostavljen sistem“Živi trezori baštine” (“Living Human Treasures”). 14“Živi trezori baštine”su imenovane osobe koje u velikomstepenu poznaju veštine i tehnike potrebne zakontinuirano postojanje njihovog materijalnog kulturnognasleđa.Scenska umetnost kao muzika, ples, drama, predstavei rituali ne postoje u fizičkom obliku. Zapisi muzičkihkompozicija postoje, ali ne i sama muzika. Baletska koreografijamože biti zapisana, ali to nije balet. Filmski zapismože da pokaže izvestan proces proizvodnje, ali nemože da zadrži tačan duh žive predstave. Slično tome, tehnikeproizvodnje predmeta, čak i pripremanja hrane, mogubiti zapisane, ali postupak kreacije nema fizičku <strong>for</strong>mu.Predstava i čin izrade su nematerijalni, otelovljeni uveštinama i tehnikama onih koji ih izrađuju. Takođe postojetradicionalni nematerijalni elementi, koje treba da iskoristeoni koji čuvaju i štite materijalna kulturna dobra:na primer tehnike obnavljanja muzičkih instrumenata,poznavanje tradicionalne obrade kamena u rekonstukcijiza spomenike kulture, tradicionalna veština pripremanjazidnih i krovnih pokrivača u narodnom graditeljstvu.Sledstveno tome, zaštita takvog nematerijalnog kulturnogvlasništva podrazumeva zaštitu i prenošenje veštinai tehnika potrebnih za njihovu izradu. Ovo jedinomože biti urađeno tako što će biti prepoznati ljudi visokogstepena veštine i znanja.Primarni cilj uspostavljanja sistema “živi trezoribaštine”je da sačuva veštine i tehnike potrebne za kreiranjei ispoljavanje kulture, koja za državu ima velikuistorijsku ili umetničku vrednost.U okviru ovog sistema ustanovljeno je nagrađivanjeosoba koje su se istakle znanjima i veštinama da bi:- nastavili sa svojim radom;- razvijali i proširivali granice svog rada;- obučavali mlade ljude da zauzmu njihovo mesto.Sistem treba da ohrabri mlade ljude da se posveteučenju veština i tehnika, predočavajući im mogućnostda postanu poznati i slavni, a možda i imućni, ukolikodostignu vrhunski nivo.Veliki broj zemalja je uključen u program “Živi trezoribaštine”: Filipini, Tajland, Rumunija, Francuska, idr.Vlada Japana je još 1950. godine podržala prenosioceveština i tehnika važnih za nastavak održavanja nematerijalnekulture. Prepoznate osobe su označene kao“Živi nacionalni trezori”. Takođe su kao važni prenosiociimenovani kolektivi i grupe. Sedam kategorija scenskeumetnosti (36 posebnih veština) i devet primenjeneumetnosti (39 posebnih veština) su, 1. jula 1994. godine,odabrane kao važno nematerijalno kulturno vlasništvoJapana, koje su održavale 52 osobe i 23 grupe.Vlada Republike Koreje je 1964. godine uvela svojsistem da bi osigurala zaštitu i prenošenje vlasništvanad nematerijalnim dobrima budućim generacijama. Useptembru 1995. godine država je imala registrovana 92nematerijalna kulturna dobra od značaja, 167 individualnihdepozitara i 50 organizacija.Iako sve ove države rade s konceptom “živi trezori”, samaideja se poklapa s preporukom UNESCO-a o čuvanjutradicionalne kulture i folklora iz 1989. godine, po kojojdržave članice urgentno treba da sačuvaju folklor u svojimdržavama. Folklor se smatra osnovnim dometom kulturnebaštine čovečanstva i zaštitom kulturnih identiteta.ZAŠTITA NEMATERIJALNE KULTURNE BAŠTINEUvidevši značaj nematerijalnog kulturnog nasleđa,UNESCO je predvideo i njegovu zaštitu. 15 Konvencijom ozaštiti nematerijalne kulturne baštine države članice se14 www.folkline.hu/unesco/unesco_02en.htm - top15 Konvencija o zaštiti nematerijalne kulturne baštine, usvojenana 32. sednici Generalne konferencije UNESCO-a 17. oktobra2003. u Parizu.Intangible heritageThe most up-to-date definition of intangible culturalheritage is:people’s learned processes along with the knowledge,skills and creativity that in<strong>for</strong>m and are developedby them, the products they create, and resources,spaces and other aspects of social and naturalcontext necessary to their sustainability; these processesprovide living communities with a sense of continuitywith previous generations and are important tocultural identity, as well as to safeguarding of culturaldiversity and creativity of humanityForms of intangible cultural heritage include,amongst others, languages, oral traditions, customs,music, dance, rituals, festivals, traditional medicine,food preparation and presentation, handicrafts andarchitectural skills. The products of intangible culturalheritage may be seen, touched or heard, but theskills and techniques and the actual acts of creation,have no physical <strong>for</strong>m. The skills and techniques are,there<strong>for</strong>e, intangible.Living Human Treasures SystemsLiving Human Treasures are persons who embodyin the very highest degree the skills and techniquesnecessary <strong>for</strong> the production of selected aspects of thecultural life of a people and the continued existence oftheir material cultural heritage.….The preservation of intangible cultural heritageimplies the identification, <strong>conservation</strong>, dissemination,protection, promotion and transmission of theskills and techniques necessary <strong>for</strong> creation. This requiresthat special recognition and support should begiven to people who embody the skills and techniquesto the very highest degree as Living Human Treasures.Preservation can only be achieved through the implementationof appropriate legislation and policy.….The primary purpose of establishing a system ofLiving Human Treasures is to preserve the skills andtechniques necessary <strong>for</strong> the creation of cultural manifestationsthat are identified by appropriate <strong>national</strong>organisations within the (UNESCO) Member Statesas having high historic or artistic values.The system should reward people who embody theskills and techniques of the identified cultural manifestationsso that they will be encouraged to:- Continue with their own creative work;- Where desirable, develop and expand the frontiersof that work;- At the same time, in all situations, train youngerpeople to take their place in due course.The system should encourage younger people todevote their lives to learning the skills and techniquesof the identified cultural manifestations by holdingout to them the possibility of future recognition andsupport, and the <strong>national</strong> or inter<strong>national</strong> fame, ifthey are able to achieve the necessary level of excellence.(“Guidelines <strong>for</strong> the Establishment of Living HumanTreasures Systems”, 2004 - UNESCO and KoreanNational Commission <strong>for</strong> UNESCO document)….When writing about intangible heritage and itspreservation three terms are used etally to denote thosewho are the Living Human Treasures - Holder, bearer,maintainer.121

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