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Sicilijansko lutkarsko pozorište, Italija (2001)Sicilian Puppet Theatre, Italy (2001)120- Kutijatam sanskritsko pozorište – Indija;- Sicilijansko lutkarsko pozorište – Italija;- Nogaku pozorište – Japan;- Izrada krstova i njen značaj u Litvaniji – Litvanija;- Kulturni prostor Trg Džama el Fna –Maroko;- Hadhad pesme Ifugaoa – Filipini;- Običaj kraljevskih praotaca i ritualna muzika uJongmio Šrinu – Republika Koreja;- Kulturni prostor i Usmena kultura Semiski – Ruskafederacija;- Tajna igra Elče – Španija;- Kulturni prostor oblasti Bojsan – Uzbekistan. 11U skladu s definicijom UNESCO-a, profesor ĐovaniPina je, uz napomenu da je teško precizno povući granice,odredio tri kategorije nematerijalne kulturne baštine:Kulturni izrazi ili tradicionalni načini života određenezajednice, kao na primer religijski rituali, tradicionalnaekonomija, folklor, otelotvoreni u fizičkom obliku.Ovoj kategoriji pripadaju neka od UNESCO-vih “remekdela usmene i nematerijalne baštine čovečanstva”, kaošto su Kunku opera, Sicilijanske lutke, pijaca u MarakešuJemaa el-Fna.Individualna i kolektivna izražavanja, koja nemajufizički oblik: jezik, pamćenje, usmena tradicija, pesme inezapisana tradicionalna muzika itd. Neke od ovih izrazaje UNESCO već proglasio “remek delom”, kao što jeusmena baština naroda Zapara u Ekvadoru i Peruu.Simbolična i metaforična značenja predmeta materijalnebaštine. 12 U okviru ove kategorije, on govori omuzejskim predmetima, uz isticanje simboličnih i metaforičnihosobenosti prilikom tumačenja predmeta i kultureiz koje predmet potiče. 13“ŽIVI TREZORI BAŠTINE”Čuvanje nematerijalne baštine dugo je bilo prepuštenonarodima i državama. Nije postojala organizovanazaštita na međunarodnom nivou. Akciju je preduzeoUNESCO, smatrajući da bi zbog zaštite, bilo efikasno osiguratiprenosioce baštine, koji će nastaviti da stiču daljeznanje i veštine i da ga prenose novim generacijama.S tim ciljem, prenosioci nasleđa bi morali da buduidentifikovani i zvanično prepoznati. Zbog toga je u11 UNESCO-Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Oral andIntangible heritage of Humanity.htm. Dve godine kasnije UNESCOje proglasio još 28 remek dela. Sledeće proglašenje je 2005, za kojeje Srbija podnela svoj predlog – epske narodne pesme.12 Giovanni Pinna, Intengible Heritage and Museums, ICOMNEWS no 4, Paris 2003.13 Saopštenje prof. Pine u Dubrovniku u okviru manifestacije“Najbolji u baštini” održano 23.septembra 2003. i predavanje uNarodnom muzeju u Beogradu održano 30. septembra 2003.protection and preservation of tangible cultural assets.Those elements should be implied, for example, in repairingtechniques applied on traditional musical instrumentsor in stone cutting for the reconstruction ofmonuments or as traditional methods of preparing walland roof coverings could be useful in customary masonry.Consequently, preservation of intangible cultural propertiesimplies preservation and transmission of theskills and techniques needed in the process of their production.That is possible only through a special recognitiongiven to persons who posses knowledge of the skillsin a very high degree.Primary purpose of establishing Living Human Treasuressystem is to preserve the skills and techniques neededfor creation of cultural manifestations which areconsidered to have high historical or artistic value for theMember State. Within this system, rewards are predictedfor recognized persons in order to encourage them to:- continue their work,- develop and expand the frontiers of their work,- train young people to continue with their workThis system should encourage young people to devoteto learning these skills and techniques by offering apossibility to become famous and perhaps rich if theyreach a level of excellence.Large number of countries support Living Human Treasuresprogramme: Philippines, Thailand, Romania andFrance among others. In 1950 The Government of Japangave special recognition to holders of the skills and techniquesessential for confirmation of important intangiblecultural properties. Recognized individuals were designated‘Living National Treasures’. Collectives and groups werealso recognized as important holders. On 1 July 1994, sevencategories of performing arts (36 specific skills) and ninein the applied arts (39 specific skills) were selected asimportant intangible property of Japan. Those skills havebeen held by 52 individuals and 23 groups.The Government of Republic of Korea introduced itsown system in 1964, in order to ensure preservation andtransmission of intangible cultural properties to futuregenerations. By September 1995, this State has honored92 intangible cultural properties – 167 individual holdersand 50 holding organizations were registered.Although these countries have all been working with‘Living Human Treasures’ concept, the idea itself fallswithin the scope of UNESCO Recommendation on theSafeguarding of Traditional Cultures and Folklore from1989. In this document Member States were urged topreserve folklore in their countries. Folklore was consideredessential to enrichment of the cultural heritage ofhumanity and the protection of cultural identities.SAFEGUARDING INTANGIBLECULTURAL HERITAGEUnderstanding significance of intangible culturalheritage, UNESCO prepared strategy for its protection.15 The Convention on the Safeguarding of the IntangibleCultural Heritage is designed to oblige theMember States to take necessary measures including,for instance, identification of Intangible Cultural Heritage,in order to ensure safeguarding and to strengthensolidarity and cooperation at regional and intergovernmentallevel in this field. The Convention, which is intendedto encourage exchange of information, experiencesand joint initiatives, is meant for the following:- preparation of national inventories of the IntangibleCultural Heritage by the Member States;15 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible CulturalHeritage was adopted by the 32nd session of the UNESCO GeneralConference on 17 October 2003