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nje, kao i udružena znanja i neophodne veštine, koje zajednice,grupe i u nekim slučajevima pojedinci prepoznajukao deo svoje kulturne baštine. Nematerijalna kulturnabaština, koja se ponekad naziva i živa kulturnabaština, manifestuje se, između ostalog, u sledećimoblastima:- usmena tradicija i jezik;- scenska umetnost;- društvena praksa, rituali i praznici;- znanje i primena znanja o prirodi i univerzumu;- tradicionalna umetnost.Prenošena s generacije na generaciju, konstantnoobnavljana u društvenim zajednicama i grupama kaoreakcija na okolinu, kao interakcija s prirodom i istorijskimuslovima postojanja; nematerijalna kulturna baštinaizaziva osećaj identiteta i kontinuiteta. Značaj nematerijalnekulturne baštine je i u tome što promoviše,održava i razvija kulturni diverzitet i ljudsku kreativnost”10 .“Remek dela usmene i nematerijalne baštine čovečanstva”je titula koju je UNESCO prvi put dodelio 18.maja 2001. godine, za devetnaest izuzetnih kulturnihprostora i oblika izražavanja iz različitih oblasti sveta.Kriterijumi u procesu odabira bili su:- izuzetna vrednost;- ukorenjena kulturna tradicija;- afirmacija kulturnog identiteta;- izvor inspiracije međukulturne razmene;- savremena kulturna i društvena uloga;- savršena primena veština;- jedinstveno nasleđe u živoj tradiciji;- opasnost od nestajanja.Proglašena remek dela su:- Garifuna jezik, igra i muzika – Belize;- Usmeno predanje Gelede – Benin;- Oruro karneval – Bolivija;- Kunku opera – Kina;- Gbofe Afunkaha: muzika poprečnih truba – Tagbanazajednica – Obala slonovače;- Kulturni prostor bratstva Sv. Duha Mela – Dominikanskarepublika;- Usmena baština i kulturne manifestacije Zaparanaroda – Ekvador i Peru;- Polifonijsko pevanje – Gruzija;- Kulturni prostor u “Soso – Bala”u Niagasoli – Gvineja;10 Konvencija usvojena na 32.sednici Generalne konferencijeUNESCO-a septembra 2003. u Parizu.- Royal Ancestral Rite and Ritual Music in JogmyoShrine – Republic of Korea- The Cultural Space and Oral Culture of the Semeiskie– Russian Federation- The Mystery Play of Elche – Spain- The Cultural Space of the Boysun District – Uzbekistan11In accordance with UNESCO definition of intangibleheritage, Professor Giovanni Pinna identified threecategories of intangible heritage (although it is difficultto draw the limits between them precisely).The first category includes cultural expressions ortraditional ways of life of a certain community: their religiousrites, traditional ceremonies, folklore embodiedin the physical form. Few of the UNESCO Masterpiecesof the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity belongto this category, as for example the Kunqu Opera, SicilianPuppets and Jemaa el-Fna Square of Marrakech.The second category recons all individual and collectiveexpressions such are language, memory, oral tradition,songs and un-written traditional music. Some ofthese expressions have also been recognized as Masterpieceslike the Oral Heritage of Zapara People in Ecuadorand Peru.The third category includes symbolic and metaphoricalmeanings of the objects of tangible heritage. 12 Withinthis category, renowned professor considers museumobjects emphasizing their symbolic and metaphoricalmeanings when interpreting the object and culture fromwhich the object derives. 13‘LIVING HUMAN TREASURES’In safeguarding of intangible heritage peoples andstates were left to their own devices for long period oftime. There were no organized protection programmeson the intergovernmental level. The action was taken byUNESCO considering that it would be efficient to ensuretradition holders who would continue to acquire knowledgeand skills and transmit those to future generations.With this aim in mind, tradition holders should beidentified and officially recognized. For this reason, everyMember State of UNESCO has established ‘LivingHuman Treasures’ system. 14‘Living Human Treasures’ are namely persons whoposess to very high degree knowledge of skills and techniquesrequired for continuous existence of their materialcultural heritage.Performing arts such as music, dance, drama, theatreand rites do not physically exist. The score of a musicalcomposition exists but not the music itself. The balletchoreography can be written down but not the balletperformance. The recording of a film can present a productionprocess but cannot capture the exact spirit of liveperformance. Similarly, techniques of artifacts productionor food preparation could be written down butthe act of creation has no physical form. Performanceand the act of creation are intangible and embodied onlyin the skills or techniques of those who are involvedin the very process of creation.There are also elements of intangible heritage whichshould be employed by the professionals responsible forOruro karneval, Bolivija (2001)The Oruro Carnival, Bolivia(2001)Lutkarsko pozorište Bunraku(proglašeno 2003.)Bunraku Puppet Theatre,Japan (proclaimed in 2003)11 Two years later 28 more Masterpieces were proclaimed byUNESCO, in addition to the above mentioned ones. Next proclamationwill be in 2005. Serbia submitted its candidature- the oral traditionof epic folk songs- for the evaluation12 Giovanni Pinna, Intangible Heritage and Museums, ICOMNews no 4, Paris 200313 As professor Pinna said on the conference ‘The Best inHeritage’ in Dubrovnik, held on 23 September 2003 and in NationalMuseum, Belgrade on 30 September 200314 www.folkline.hu/unesco/unesco_02en.htm-top119