A Look at Amazon Basin Seasonal Dynamics with the Biophysical ...

MICROPEDOLOGY OF THE ARCHEOLOGICAL BLACKEARTH AND YELLOW LATOSSOL IN CAXIUANÃ SITERUIVO, M.L.P. 1 ; CUNHA, E.S. 2 , KERN, D.C. 11 Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi / Coordenadoria de Ciências da Terra e Ecologia, Campusde Pesquisa, Av. Perimetral 1901, Terra Firme, CEP 66077-530, Belém, Pará, Brazil, e-mail: ruivo@museu-goeldi.br2Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias do Pará, Belém,Pará, BrazilMicromorphology as a tool to deduce processes of soil formation, transformation naturaland human induced processes. The study was carried out at the National Reserve ofCaxiuanã in Yellow Latosol -YL (ESECAFLOR experiment (PA), LBA Tower (TOW),secondary vegetation (CAP) and Archeological Black Earth (ABE). YL soils are present inthe A, AB, BA, and B horizons and are well drained at sites PA and CAP, with moderatedrainage at site TOW. Structure varies from sub-angular blocky at massive structure. TheABE at Manduquinha site developed on the top of latossol. The new soil developed duringthe interaction between YL and pre-historic human occupation. The ABE is well drainedsoil and very aggregate. The ABE present A1, A2, A3, AB, BA and B horizonts. The A1and A2 are rich in archaeological materials. The mineralogy was similar for all soils,consisting predominantly of kaolinite in the clay fraction and quartz in the sand fraction,showed connection between macropores and organic matter. The soils ABE, PA and CAPare macroaggregrate and very porosity, principally for presence of the organic matter andsandy texture (ABE) and sandy texture (PA). The pore are great and interlaced in the ABE.The pore are small and macice struture in the CAP and PA e microagregation in depth inthe TOW. The conformation of the pores in the ABE facility water retention andmovement, biologic activity and aeration of the soil. The conservation of the soil structureis responsible for maintaining high levels of soil organic matter (SOM) and availablenutrients in archaeological black earth soils. The occurrence of recalcitrant SOM inpyrogenic forms and estability of ABE SOM can be partly explained with physicalstabilization in aggregates.