A Look at Amazon Basin Seasonal Dynamics with the Biophysical ...
A Look at Amazon Basin Seasonal Dynamics with the Biophysical ... A Look at Amazon Basin Seasonal Dynamics with the Biophysical ...
Chemical Composition of the Atmospheric Precipitation over Manaus -AM, Brazil.Hillandia Brandao da Cunha, Coord. de Pesquisas em Geociencias, Instituto Nacional dePesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, AM 69,083, Brazil, E-mail: hilandia@inpa.gov.br and ElenM. C. Cutrim, Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008. E-mail:cutrim@wmich.edu.The chemical composition of the precipitation varies geographically and it depends on the sourcesof the chemical elements emitted from the surface and the chemical transformations within theatmosphere. The objective of this work is to determine the chemical composition of theatmosphere over Manaus, to determine the impact of anthropogenic activities. The rain samplingwas conducted during one month of the rain season and one month of the dry season in Manaus.The chemical analysis showed larger concentrations of Na + during the dry season than that in thewet season. These results are consistent with the slash an burning activities of the dry season,which increase the concentration of Na + . Concentration values of Potassium (K + ) were lowerduring the wet season. Because the K ion sources in the atmosphere are surface biogenicemissions and soil dust, the lower concentration values will occur during the wet season wheredilution will occur due to the high precipitation volume. During the wet season concentrationvalues of Ca ++ were below the detection threshold of the method utilized and the concentrationvalues Mg ++ presented oscillations according to the frequency and duration of non-precipitatingperiods within the season. These preliminary results do not show that the atmospheric chemicalcomposition has been altered by man, as it is comparable with the precipitation analysis overpristine areas in the Amazonia. Further chemical analysis of additional elements will be performedto verify these results.Keywords: Rainfall, Water, Amazonia, Biosphere/Atmosphere.
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Chemical Composition of <strong>the</strong> Atmospheric Precipit<strong>at</strong>ion over Manaus -AM, Brazil.Hillandia Brandao da Cunha, Coord. de Pesquisas em Geociencias, Instituto Nacional dePesquisas da <strong>Amazon</strong>ia, Manaus, AM 69,083, Brazil, E-mail: hilandia@inpa.gov.br and ElenM. C. Cutrim, Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008. E-mail:cutrim@wmich.edu.The chemical composition of <strong>the</strong> precipit<strong>at</strong>ion varies geographically and it depends on <strong>the</strong> sourcesof <strong>the</strong> chemical elements emitted from <strong>the</strong> surface and <strong>the</strong> chemical transform<strong>at</strong>ions <strong>with</strong>in <strong>the</strong><strong>at</strong>mosphere. The objective of this work is to determine <strong>the</strong> chemical composition of <strong>the</strong><strong>at</strong>mosphere over Manaus, to determine <strong>the</strong> impact of anthropogenic activities. The rain samplingwas conducted during one month of <strong>the</strong> rain season and one month of <strong>the</strong> dry season in Manaus.The chemical analysis showed larger concentr<strong>at</strong>ions of Na + during <strong>the</strong> dry season than th<strong>at</strong> in <strong>the</strong>wet season. These results are consistent <strong>with</strong> <strong>the</strong> slash an burning activities of <strong>the</strong> dry season,which increase <strong>the</strong> concentr<strong>at</strong>ion of Na + . Concentr<strong>at</strong>ion values of Potassium (K + ) were lowerduring <strong>the</strong> wet season. Because <strong>the</strong> K ion sources in <strong>the</strong> <strong>at</strong>mosphere are surface biogenicemissions and soil dust, <strong>the</strong> lower concentr<strong>at</strong>ion values will occur during <strong>the</strong> wet season wheredilution will occur due to <strong>the</strong> high precipit<strong>at</strong>ion volume. During <strong>the</strong> wet season concentr<strong>at</strong>ionvalues of Ca ++ were below <strong>the</strong> detection threshold of <strong>the</strong> method utilized and <strong>the</strong> concentr<strong>at</strong>ionvalues Mg ++ presented oscill<strong>at</strong>ions according to <strong>the</strong> frequency and dur<strong>at</strong>ion of non-precipit<strong>at</strong>ingperiods <strong>with</strong>in <strong>the</strong> season. These preliminary results do not show th<strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>at</strong>mospheric chemicalcomposition has been altered by man, as it is comparable <strong>with</strong> <strong>the</strong> precipit<strong>at</strong>ion analysis overpristine areas in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Amazon</strong>ia. Fur<strong>the</strong>r chemical analysis of additional elements will be performedto verify <strong>the</strong>se results.Keywords: Rainfall, W<strong>at</strong>er, <strong>Amazon</strong>ia, Biosphere/Atmosphere.
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