LEGIONELLA - World Health Organization
LEGIONELLA - World Health Organization LEGIONELLA - World Health Organization
Muder RR (2005). Other Legionella species. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s principles and practice of infectious diseases, 6th ed., Philadelphia, Churchill Livingston, 2725–2730. Muder RR et al. (1983). Nosocomial Legionnaires’ disease uncovered in a prospective pneumonia study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 249(23):3184–3188. Muhlenberg W (1993). Fatal travel-associated legionella infection caused by shower aerosols in a German hotel. Gensundheitswessen, 55(12):653–656. Mülazimoglu L, Yu VL (2001). Can Legionnaires’ disease be diagnosed by clinical criteria? A critical review. Chest, 120(4):1049–1053. Mundy LM et al. (1995). Community-acquired pneumonia: impact of immune status. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 152:1309–1315. Murga R et al. (2001). Role of biofilms in the survival of Legionella pneumophila in a model potable-water system. Microbiology, 147:3121–3126. Murray RGE et al (1990). Report of the ad hoc committee on approaches to taxonomy within the Proteobacteria. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 40:213–215. Nagai T et al. (2003). Neonatal sudden death due to Legionella pneumonia associated with water birth in a domestic spa bath. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 41:2227–2229. Nagington J, Smith DJ (1980). Pontiac fever and amoebae. Lancet, 2:1241. New South Wales Health (1996). Public swimming pool and spa pool guidelines. Department of Health, New South Wales, Australia. Nguyen TM et al. (2006). A community-wide outbreak of legionnaires disease linked to industrial cooling towers — how far can contaminated aerosols spread? Journal of Infectious Diseases, 193(1):102–11. NHMRC (National Health and Medical Research Council) (1988). Australian guideline for the control of Legionella and Legionnaires’ disease. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. Niederman MS et al. (1993). Guidelines for the initial management of adults with communityacquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy. American Thoracic Society. Medical Section of the American Lung Association. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 148:1418–1426. Niedeveld CJ, Pet FM, Meenhorst PL (1986). Effect of rubbers and their constituents on proliferation of Legionella pneumophila in naturally contaminated hot water. Lancet, 2(8500):180–184. O’Brien SJ, Bhopal RS (1993). Legionnaires’ disease: the infective dose paradox. Lancet, 342:5. Ogawa M et al. (2001). Morphological variety of intracellular microcolonies of Legionella species in Vero cells. Microbiology and Immunology, 45:557–562. 0 LEGIONELLA AND THE PREVENTION OF LEGIONELLOSIS
Olaechea PM et al. (1996). A predictive model for the treatment approach to community-acquired pneumonia in patients needing ICU admission. Intensive Care Medicine, 22:1294–1300. Oleinick NL (1977). Initiation and elongation of protein synthesis in growing cells: differential inhibition by cycloheximide and emetine. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 182:171–180. O’Mahony MC et al. (1990). The Stafford outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease. Epidemiology and Infection, 104(3):361–380. Oren I et al. (2002). Nosocomial outbreak of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 3 pneumonia in a new bone marrow transplant unit: evaluation, treatment and control. Bone Marrow Transplant, 30(3):175–179. Orrison LH et al. (1983). Legionella oakridgensis: unusual new species isolated from cooling tower water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 45:536–545. Ortiz-Roque CM, Hazen TC (1987). Abundance and distribution of Legionellaceae in Puerto Rican waters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 53:2231–2236. Ortqvist A et al. (1990). Aetiology, outcome and prognostic factors in community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. European Respiratory Journal, 3(10):1105–1113. OSAHD (Occupational Safety and Health Division) (2005). North Carolina Department of Labor (http://www.dol.state.nc.us/osha/osh.htm (accessed 8 April 2006). OSHA Technical Manual, Section III: Chapter 7, Legionnaires’ disease, Appendix III:7–13. Water Sampling Guidelines. United States Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/otm_toc.html, accessed 28 June 2005).Ott M et al. (1991). Temperature-dependent expression of flagella in Legionella. Journal of General Microbiology, 137(8):1955–1961. Pankhurst CL et al. (1990). The efficacy of chlorination and filtration in the control and eradication of Legionella from dental chair water systems. Journal of Hospital Infections, 16(1):9–18. Pankhurst CL et al. (2003). Prevalence of legionella waterline contamination and Legionella pneumophila antibodies in general dental practitioners in London and rural Northern Ireland. British Dental Journal, 195(10):591–594. Park D, Pugliese A, Cunha BA (1994). Legionella micdadei prosthetic valve endocarditis. Infection, 22:213–215. Park DR et al. (2001). The etiology of community-acquired pneumonia at an urban public hospital: influence of human immunodeficiency virus infection and initial severity of illness. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 184(3):268–277. Park MY et al. (2003). Legionella busanensis sp. nov., isolated from cooling tower water in Korea. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 53:77–80. Pastoris MC et al. (1999). Legionnaire’s disease on a cruise ship linked to the water supply system: clinical and public health implications. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 28(1):33–38. LEGIONELLA AND THE PREVENTION OF LEGIONELLOSIS
- Page 213 and 214: Generally, any water source that ma
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- Page 225 and 226: Travel Work/travel in the UK: ❑ Y
- Page 227 and 228: Checklist of local places Health/sp
- Page 229 and 230: Appendix 3 Example of a national su
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- Page 237 and 238: surveillance The process of systema
- Page 239 and 240: References Abu KY, Eisenstein BI, E
- Page 241 and 242: Barbaree JM et al. (1987). Protocol
- Page 243 and 244: Blatt SP et al. (1994). Legionnaire
- Page 245 and 246: Byrne B, Swanson MS (1998). Express
- Page 247 and 248: Crespi S (1993). Legionella y legio
- Page 249 and 250: Edelstein PH (1982b). Comparative s
- Page 251 and 252: Falguera M et al. (2001). Nonsevere
- Page 253 and 254: Gaia V et al. (2003). Sequence-base
- Page 255 and 256: Hayden RT et al. (2001). Direct det
- Page 257 and 258: Ingram JG, Plouffe JF (1994). Dange
- Page 259 and 260: Ko KS et al. (2003). Molecular evol
- Page 261 and 262: Loret JF et al. (2003). Comparison
- Page 263: McEvoy M et al. (2000). A cluster o
- Page 267 and 268: Regan CM et al. (2003). Outbreak of
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Olaechea PM et al. (1996). A predictive model for the treatment approach to community-acquired<br />
pneumonia in patients needing ICU admission. Intensive Care Medicine, 22:1294–1300.<br />
Oleinick NL (1977). Initiation and elongation of protein synthesis in growing cells: differential<br />
inhibition by cycloheximide and emetine. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 182:171–180.<br />
O’Mahony MC et al. (1990). The Stafford outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease. Epidemiology and<br />
Infection, 104(3):361–380.<br />
Oren I et al. (2002). Nosocomial outbreak of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 3 pneumonia<br />
in a new bone marrow transplant unit: evaluation, treatment and control. Bone Marrow<br />
Transplant, 30(3):175–179.<br />
Orrison LH et al. (1983). Legionella oakridgensis: unusual new species isolated from cooling<br />
tower water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 45:536–545.<br />
Ortiz-Roque CM, Hazen TC (1987). Abundance and distribution of Legionellaceae in<br />
Puerto Rican waters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 53:2231–2236.<br />
Ortqvist A et al. (1990). Aetiology, outcome and prognostic factors in community-acquired<br />
pneumonia requiring hospitalization. European Respiratory Journal, 3(10):1105–1113.<br />
OSAHD (Occupational Safety and <strong>Health</strong> Division) (2005). North Carolina Department of<br />
Labor (http://www.dol.state.nc.us/osha/osh.htm (accessed 8 April 2006).<br />
OSHA Technical Manual, Section III: Chapter 7, Legionnaires’ disease, Appendix III:7–13.<br />
Water Sampling Guidelines. United States Department of Labor, Occupational Safety<br />
and <strong>Health</strong> Administration (http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/otm_toc.html, accessed<br />
28 June 2005).Ott M et al. (1991). Temperature-dependent expression of flagella in<br />
Legionella. Journal of General Microbiology, 137(8):1955–1961.<br />
Pankhurst CL et al. (1990). The efficacy of chlorination and filtration in the control and<br />
eradication of Legionella from dental chair water systems. Journal of Hospital Infections,<br />
16(1):9–18.<br />
Pankhurst CL et al. (2003). Prevalence of legionella waterline contamination and Legionella<br />
pneumophila antibodies in general dental practitioners in London and rural Northern<br />
Ireland. British Dental Journal, 195(10):591–594.<br />
Park D, Pugliese A, Cunha BA (1994). Legionella micdadei prosthetic valve endocarditis. Infection,<br />
22:213–215.<br />
Park DR et al. (2001). The etiology of community-acquired pneumonia at an urban public<br />
hospital: influence of human immunodeficiency virus infection and initial severity of<br />
illness. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 184(3):268–277.<br />
Park MY et al. (2003). Legionella busanensis sp. nov., isolated from cooling tower water in<br />
Korea. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 53:77–80.<br />
Pastoris MC et al. (1999). Legionnaire’s disease on a cruise ship linked to the water supply<br />
system: clinical and public health implications. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 28(1):33–38.<br />
<strong>LEGIONELLA</strong> AND THE PREVENTION OF LEGIONELLOSIS
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