LEGIONELLA - World Health Organization
LEGIONELLA - World Health Organization LEGIONELLA - World Health Organization
Brand H et al. (2000). An evaluation of the arrangements for managing an epidemiological emergency involving more than one EU Member State. Bielefeld, Landesinstitut für den Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst NRW. Breiman RF et al. (1990). Role of air sampling in investigation of an outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease associated with exposure to aerosols from an evaporative condenser. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 161(6):1257–1261. Brenner DJ (1986). Classification of Legionellaceae. Current status and remaining questions. Israel Journal of Medical Science, 22:620–32. Brenner DJ, Steigerwalt AG, McDade JE (1979). Classification of the Legionnaires’ disease bacterium: Legionella pneumophila, genus novum, species nova, of the family Legionellaceae, familia nova. Annals of Internal Medicine, 90:656–658. Brenner DJ et al. (1985). Ten new species of Legionella. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 35:50–59. Brenner DJ et al. (1988). Legionella pneumophila serogroup Lansing 3 isolated from a patient with fatal pneumonia, and descriptions of L. pneumophila subsp. pneumophila subsp., nov., L. pneumophila subsp. fraseri subsp. nov., and L. pneumophila subsp. pascullei subsp. nov. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 26(9):1695–1703. Bridge JA, Edelstein PH (1983). Oropharynx colonization with Legionella pneumophila. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 18:108–1112. Broadbent CR (1996). Guidance on water quality for heated spas. National Environmental Health Forum Monographs, Water series No 2. National Environmental Health Forum, South Australian Health Commission. Broadbent CR, Marwood LN, Bentham RH (1991). Legionella in cooling towers: Report of a field study in South Australia. In: Proceedings of Far East Conference on Environmental Quality FE91, Atlanta, Georgia, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Brooks T et al. (2004). Detection and identification of Legionella species from groundwaters. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 67:1845–1859. Brouqui P, Raoult D (2001). Endocarditis due to rare and fastidious bacteria. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 14:177–207. Brown A, Garrity GM, Vickers RM (1981). Fluoribacter dumoffii comb. nov. and Fluoribacter gormanii comb. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 31:111–115. Brown CM et al. (1999). A community outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease linked to hospital cooling towers: an epidemiological method to calculate dose of exposure. International Journal of Epidemiology, 28(2):353–359. BTS (British Thoracic Society) (2001). Guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults (2001). BTS Standards of Care Committee. Thorax, 56(4):IV1–64. 0 LEGIONELLA AND THE PREVENTION OF LEGIONELLOSIS
Byrne B, Swanson MS (1998). Expression of Legionella pneumophila virulence traits in response to growth conditions. Infection and Immunity, 66(7):3029–3034. Campese C (2004). Les légionelles déclarées en France en 2003. Bulletin Epidémiologique Hebdomadaire, 36–37 and 174–173. Campese C, Decludt B (2002a). Notified cases of Legionnaires’ disease in France in 2001. Eurosurveillance, 7:121–128. Campese C, Decludt B (2002b). Notified cases of Legionnaires’ disease in France 2001. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 33:103–104. Campese C et al., (2002). Les légionelloses déclarées en France en 2002. Bulletin Epidémiologique Hebdomadaire, 32(2):1–3. Cano R et al. (1999). Brotes de legionelosis en España. Años 1989 a 1998. Boletin Epidemiológico Semanal, 7(7):69–80. Cargill KL et al. (1992). Effects of culture conditions and biofilm formation on the iodine susceptibility of Legionella pneumophila. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 38:423–429. Carratala J et al. (1994). Risk factors for nosocomial Legionella pneumophila pneumonia. American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, 149:625–629. Cartwright R (2000). How British tour operators contribute to prevention and control of travel associated Legionnaires’ disease in Europe. Eurosurveillance Weekly, 12 October 2000, 4(41):3. Castellani Pastoris M et al. (1999). Legionnaires’ disease on a cruise ship linked to the water supply system: clinical and public health implications. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 28(1):33–38. Cayla JA et al. (2001). A small outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease in a cargo ship under repair. European Respiratory Journal, 17(6):1322–1327. CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention) (1996). Comprehensive plan for epidemiologic surveillance. Atlanta, Georgia, CDC. CDC (1997a). Guidelines for prevention and control of nosocomial pneumonia. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 46:31–34. CDC (1997b). Final recommendations to minimize transmission of Legionnaires’ disease from whirlpool spas on cruise ships. United States Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, Public Health Service, CDC, National Center for Environmental Health/National Center for Infectious Diseases. CDC (2003). Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities. Atlanta, Georgia, CDC. CDC (2005). Fact sheet for pool staff/owners: operating public spas. Atlanta, Georgia, CDC. Chen TT, Schapiro JM, Loutit J (1996). Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Legionella pneumophila. Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery, 37:631–633. LEGIONELLA AND THE PREVENTION OF LEGIONELLOSIS
- Page 193 and 194: hot water (e.g. health-care facilit
- Page 195 and 196: General prevent on Country DW Wp SB
- Page 197 and 198: Country General prevent on DW Wp SB
- Page 199 and 200: Chapter 11 Laboratory aspects of Le
- Page 201 and 202: • detection of the bacterium in t
- Page 203 and 204: Method Sens t v ty (%) PCR • Rapi
- Page 205 and 206: 11.2.2 Detecting Legionella antigen
- Page 207 and 208: DFA has been used successfully with
- Page 209 and 210: • Serologic testing can be used f
- Page 211 and 212: Although not all strains can be rel
- Page 213 and 214: Generally, any water source that ma
- Page 215 and 216: During outbreak investigations, swa
- Page 217 and 218: • other Legionella species that d
- Page 219 and 220: Appendix 1 Example of a water syste
- Page 221 and 222: Weekly water system check list Week
- Page 223 and 224: Appendix 2 Example of a 2-week foll
- Page 225 and 226: Travel Work/travel in the UK: ❑ Y
- Page 227 and 228: Checklist of local places Health/sp
- Page 229 and 230: Appendix 3 Example of a national su
- Page 231 and 232: Strictly Confidential 2 Hospital Ac
- Page 233 and 234: Glossary aerobic bacteria Bacteria
- Page 235 and 236: health-care acquired Legionellosis
- Page 237 and 238: surveillance The process of systema
- Page 239 and 240: References Abu KY, Eisenstein BI, E
- Page 241 and 242: Barbaree JM et al. (1987). Protocol
- Page 243: Blatt SP et al. (1994). Legionnaire
- Page 247 and 248: Crespi S (1993). Legionella y legio
- Page 249 and 250: Edelstein PH (1982b). Comparative s
- Page 251 and 252: Falguera M et al. (2001). Nonsevere
- Page 253 and 254: Gaia V et al. (2003). Sequence-base
- Page 255 and 256: Hayden RT et al. (2001). Direct det
- Page 257 and 258: Ingram JG, Plouffe JF (1994). Dange
- Page 259 and 260: Ko KS et al. (2003). Molecular evol
- Page 261 and 262: Loret JF et al. (2003). Comparison
- Page 263 and 264: McEvoy M et al. (2000). A cluster o
- Page 265 and 266: Olaechea PM et al. (1996). A predic
- Page 267 and 268: Regan CM et al. (2003). Outbreak of
- Page 269 and 270: Schulze-Robbecke R, Rodder M, Exner
- Page 271 and 272: Surman SB, Morton LHG, Keevil CW (1
- Page 273 and 274: Tully M, Williams A, Fitzgeorge RB
- Page 275 and 276: Welti M et al. (2003). Development
Byrne B, Swanson MS (1998). Expression of Legionella pneumophila virulence traits in response<br />
to growth conditions. Infection and Immunity, 66(7):3029–3034.<br />
Campese C (2004). Les légionelles déclarées en France en 2003. Bulletin Epidémiologique<br />
Hebdomadaire, 36–37 and 174–173.<br />
Campese C, Decludt B (2002a). Notified cases of Legionnaires’ disease in France in 2001.<br />
Eurosurveillance, 7:121–128.<br />
Campese C, Decludt B (2002b). Notified cases of Legionnaires’ disease in France 2001. Clinical<br />
Infectious Diseases, 33:103–104.<br />
Campese C et al., (2002). Les légionelloses déclarées en France en 2002. Bulletin Epidémiologique<br />
Hebdomadaire, 32(2):1–3.<br />
Cano R et al. (1999). Brotes de legionelosis en España. Años 1989 a 1998. Boletin Epidemiológico<br />
Semanal, 7(7):69–80.<br />
Cargill KL et al. (1992). Effects of culture conditions and biofilm formation on the iodine susceptibility<br />
of Legionella pneumophila. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 38:423–429.<br />
Carratala J et al. (1994). Risk factors for nosocomial Legionella pneumophila pneumonia. American<br />
Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, 149:625–629.<br />
Cartwright R (2000). How British tour operators contribute to prevention and control of travel<br />
associated Legionnaires’ disease in Europe. Eurosurveillance Weekly, 12 October 2000,<br />
4(41):3.<br />
Castellani Pastoris M et al. (1999). Legionnaires’ disease on a cruise ship linked to the water supply<br />
system: clinical and public health implications. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 28(1):33–38.<br />
Cayla JA et al. (2001). A small outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease in a cargo ship under repair. European<br />
Respiratory Journal, 17(6):1322–1327.<br />
CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention) (1996). Comprehensive plan for epidemiologic<br />
surveillance. Atlanta, Georgia, CDC.<br />
CDC (1997a). Guidelines for prevention and control of nosocomial pneumonia. Morbidity and<br />
Mortality Weekly Report, 46:31–34.<br />
CDC (1997b). Final recommendations to minimize transmission of Legionnaires’ disease from<br />
whirlpool spas on cruise ships. United States Department of <strong>Health</strong> and Human Services,<br />
Atlanta, Georgia, Public <strong>Health</strong> Service, CDC, National Center for Environmental<br />
<strong>Health</strong>/National Center for Infectious Diseases.<br />
CDC (2003). Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities. Atlanta,<br />
Georgia, CDC.<br />
CDC (2005). Fact sheet for pool staff/owners: operating public spas. Atlanta, Georgia, CDC.<br />
Chen TT, Schapiro JM, Loutit J (1996). Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Legionella<br />
pneumophila. Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery, 37:631–633.<br />
<strong>LEGIONELLA</strong> AND THE PREVENTION OF LEGIONELLOSIS
Change language