LMDP Syllabus-13

egkjk"Vª i'kq o eRL; foKku fo|kihB]QqVkGk ryko ekxZ] ukxiwj&01¼e- jk½fuEu f'k{k.k fo|k'kk[kki'kq/ku O;oLFkkiu o nqX/kksRiknu infodkvH;klØeiqfLrdk(2013)

egkjk"Vª i'kq o eRL; foKku fo|kihBfuEu f'k{k.k fo|k'kk[kkÞi'kq/ku O;oLFkkiu o nqX/kksRiknu infodk ßvH;klØe fo"k; lqphfo"k;fo"k;kps kps ukoifj{ksrhy ,dw.k xq.ki`"BØekadckSf/kdizkR;kf{kdØekadizFke o"kZ1-1 i'kqlao/kZu 100 100 11-2 i'kqiSnkl o i'kqtkrh 100 1001-3 oSj.k mRiknu 100 1001-4 i'kqiks"k.k vkgkj 100 1001-5 i'kqaps izkFkfed vkjksX; o izFkeksipkj 100 1001-6 i'kqlao/kZu foLrkj dk;Z 100 1001-7 lgdkjh laLFkk O;oLFkkiu o ys[kk i/nrh 100 ---1-8 i'kq/ku O;oLFkkiukr lax.kdkps mi;ksx --- 100,dw.k izFke o"kZ xq.k 700 700f}rh; o"kZ2-1 xk; EgSl ikyu o nqX/kksRiknu 100 1002-2 nq/kkps xq.k fu;a=k.k 100 1002-3 nq/k gkrkG.kh o foØh 100 1002-4 nqX/ktU; inkFkZ fuehZrh o ra=kKku 100 1002-5 'ksGh esa

izFke o"kZ2

fo"k; Ø- 1-1 1 % i'kqlao/kZu%% ckSf/nd %%1. i'kqlao/kZuk fo"k;h FkksMD;kr ekfgrh] Hkkjrkrhy l|fLFkrh] mi;ksxhrk] i'kqlao/kZukrhy egRokP;k O;k[;k]Hkkjrkrhy d`"kh vFkZO;oLFksr xwjkaps egRo2. tukojkaadjhrk xksBs& xksB;kadjhrk tkxsph fuoM] xksB;kaph ykach&:anh] maph o fn'k3. xksB;kaps fujfujkGs izdkj & [kwys o can xksBs4. xk;] EgSl] cSy] oGw] 'ksGh] esa

ikjMs] 'ksGh] esa

2. iSnk'khP;k osxosXkG;k i/nrh3. fØ;kf'kyrsoj vk/kkjhr i'kq i{kkaph iSnklhlkBh fuoM&O;k[;k i/nrh] nw:i;ksx o mi;ksx4. nq/kkG xqjkaP;k fuoM i/nrhÚckg;kax xq.k/kekZo:u] oa'kkoG o voyknhph izrÚdks.krh i/nr dsOgk okijrkr] Qk;nso e;kZnk5. xqjkaP;k iSnk'khps ¼uksanh½ o R;kps egRo] oa'kkoG dk;Z{kerk ¼nq/k o iztuu½6. varjiSnkl xq.kd & fjihVWchyhVh] gsjhVWchyhVh & O;k[;k i/nrh o mi;ksx7. xqjkaP;k tkrhps mnkgj.kklfgr oxhZdj.k Hkkjrkrhy o egkjk"Vªkrhy izfl/n nq/kkG xqjkaP;k tkrh ¼lkghoky] fla/kh]xhj] Fkkjikjdj] jkBh bR;knh½ R;kaps mxeLFkku] iSnk'khps LFkku@Hkkx] ckg;kax o dk;Z{kerk vkf.k xq.k/kekZphekfgrh-8. ik'pkR; ns'kkrhy izfl/n nq/kkG xqjkaP;k tkrh ¼gksyLVhu] tlhZ] czkÅuLohl] jsM Msu bR;knh R;kaps mxeLFkku]ckg;kax o dk;Z{kersps xq.k/keZ] Hkkjrh; nq/kkG xqjkaph ijns'kh tkrh'kh rqyuk ½9. ladjhr xkbZP;k ckg;kax o dk;Z{kersP;k x.k/kekZph ekfgrh10. Hkkjrh; izfl/n Eg'khP;k tkrh ¼eqÚgk] esglkuk] lqjrh] tkQjkcknh] ukxiqjh] ia

9. ojkg tkrh10. i'kq mRiknu dk;ZØekarxZr vkfFkZd n`"Vhus i'kqtkrhpk rqyukRed vH;kl o egRo11. i'kqi{kkaP;k xw.k/kekZP;k uksanh i/nrh------------------------------fo"k; Ø- 1-3 % oSj.k mRiknu%% ckSf/nd %%1. Hkkjrkrhy @ egkjk"Vªkrhy l/;kph oSj.k fLFkrh % ,dq.k oSj.k fidk[kkyhy {ks=k] dqj.kk[kkyhy {ks=k] mRiknu bR;kfn] izxrjk"Vªk'kh rqyuk] taxyk[kkyhy {ks=k-2. oSj.kkph fids % gaxkeh] okf"kZd o cgqokf"kZd] ,dny] f}ny]& oSf'k"V;s] mi;qDr gokeku3. lqfidrk % O;k[;k] tfeuhph lqfidrk ok

mik;] oSj.khP;k jksxkph y{k.ks] jksxkpk uk;ukVhps vkS"k/k r;kj dj.ks-10. oSj.k fidkaph dki.kh] R;ko:u gsDVjh oSj.k mRiknukP;k ekstekikpk vankt] dki.khl nj gsDVjh etqjkaphvko';drk Bjfo.ks o oSj.khP;k izrhph rikl.kh11. pkaxY;k ewj?kklkps xq.k/keZ igk.ks] eqj?kkl r;kj dj.ks12. okGysY;k xorkP;k o pkÚ;kP;k xq.k/kekZph vksG[k] pkaxys okGysys xor rlsp dMck] xOgkaMk] dqVkj r;kjdj.ks o rs lkBo.ks13. xorkps ch dkkMkaph ikus] mlkph fpikMs] okWVj gk;flaFk] eksyWlsl ¼mlkph eGh½ xq.k/keZ omi;qDrrk9. fi.;kps ik.kh egRo] ,dq.k xjt o xq.k/keZ10. vkgkj o xqjkaps vkjksX;] 'kjhj iks"k.k vkgkj] esaVsuUl js'ku] nq/k mRiknukuwlkj nk.kk] xHkkZoLFksrhy 'ksoVP;k dkGkr tknkvkacks.k11. fgjok @ vksyk pkjk] f}ny oSj.k R;kaps vkgkjkrhy egRo vkacks.k ?kVd] ipuh; izfFkus o ,dq.k ipuh; ?kVdkps izek.k][kfuts {kkj ?kVd] Qk;n] vkacks.kkr felG.;kr ;s.kkjs izek.k] ftoulRos-12. xOgkpk dksaMk] dMck] dqVh] r.kl] okGfoysys xor o mlkpk pksFkk ;klkj[;k [kk|inkFkkZapk ;ksX; izek.kkr oSf'k"B;iq.kZ okij8

13. izpfyr o vizpfyr [kk| Eg.kts dk; \ R;kapk okij mnkgj.kklfgr o xq.k/kekZlfgr] dkj[kkU;krhy ok;k tk.kkjk Hkkx]eyeq=k vkf.k dksacM;kph fo"Bk14. ouLirh vkf.k [kk|krwu gks.kkjh fo"kck/kk vkf.k R;koj laj{k.kkRed mik;15. vaM;koj ;s.kkÚ;k dksacM;kpk vkgkj16. ekaly dksacM;kpk vkgkj17. 'ksG;k o esa

fo"k; Ø- 1-5 % i'kqaps izkFkfed vkjksX; o izFkeksipkj%% ckSf/nd %%1. fo"k;kph ik'oZHkweh] iqjkrudkG o vk/kqfud dkGkpk bfrgkl2. MkWDVjkauk izk.;kP;k vktjkcíy lkaxko;kph laiq.kZ ekfgrh vkf.k R;keGs gks.kkjs Qk;ns3. t[kek] t[kekaps eq[; izdkj vkf.k uarj R;kaph ?;ko;kph dkGth4. 'kL=kfØ;siqohZ vkf.k uarj tukojkaph ?;ko;kph dkGth5. izk.;kaoj riklrkauk vkf.k vkS"k/kksipkj djrkauk Bsoko;kps fu;a=k.k6. vk;q/kkaps futZarqdhdj.k dj.ks7. iz;ksx'kkGsr ikBfo.;kps uequs8. e`rnsgkph foYgsokV vkf.k tkxsps o iz{ks=kkps futZrqdhdj.k9. vktkjh tukojkph osxGh ns[kHkky10. jksxizfrdkjd 'kDrh fufeZrhpk loZlk/kkj.k rRos vkf.k fujfujkG;k izdkjkP;k okijkr vlysY;k ylhdj.kkps fofo/kizk.;kae/khy egRo11. tar fuokj.kklkBh vkS"k/kh ikt.ks12. tukojkrhy yaxM.;kps izdkj o dkj.ks] R;koj ?;ko;kph dkGth13. ukG dki.ks o R;kph dkGth14. nxMh jksx gksÅ u;s Eg.kqu nq/k dk

19. tukojkauk rksaMk}kjs vkS"k/kh iktrsosGh /;ko;kph dkGth20. futZarqdh vkS"k/kh o R;kps xq.k/keZ] izek.k vkf.k ;ksX; mi;ksx21. mUgkG;kr gks.kkjs tukojkaps vktkj vkf.k rs gksÅ u;s Eg.kwu ?;ko;kph dkGth&% izkR;f{kd %&1. eye r;kj dj.ks2. yks'ku r;kj dj.ks3. vkS"k/kh feJ.k r;kj dj.ks] vkS"k/k ikt.ks] pkj.k vkS"k/kh r;kj dj.ks4. mRrstd ikrG vkS"k/kh r;kj dj.ks5. vkS"k/kkP;k fujfujkG;k eksteki i/nrh6. 'kL=kfØ;slkBh tukoj ikM.ks o R;koj fu;a=k.k dj.ks7. iz;ksx'kkGsr ikBoko;kP;k eyeq=k] nq/k b- ph uequs r;kj dj.ks8. xk; Eg'khapk ekt vksG[k.ks9. d`f=ke ;ksuhph jpuk o tqGo.kh10. d`f=ke jsru midj.kkaps futZarqdhdj.k11. fo;Z o`/nhdj.k ek/;e r;kj dj.ks] fo;Z lkBo.k o okgrqd12. d`f=ke jsrukP;k uksanh Bso.ks13. vkS"k/kkaP;k lkB;kph uksan Bso.ks14. i'kqoS|dkaP;k lqpusps ikyu dj.ks15. xksB;kaph LoPNrk o futZarqdhdj.k----------------------11

fo"k; Ø- 1-6 % i'kqlao/kZu foLrkj dk;Z%% ckSf/nd %%1. xzkeh.k letk'kkL=k %i) mn~ns'k] O;kfIr o egRoii) xzkeh.k lekt thoukph oSf'k"V;siii) l/;kps xzkeh.k thouiv) 'ksrdÚ;kps ekul'kkL=kv) xzkeh.k laLd`rh] foLrkj dk;ZØekrhy R;kps egRovi) xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy lkekftd xV] la?kfVr o vl?kaVhr xV] izfrf"Br O;fDr o R;kaps egRovii) xzkeh.k thoukrhy pk

iii) vkfnoklh fodkl ;kstuk] l/ku i'kq lq/kkj.kk izdYiiv) izf'k{k.k o HksV ;kstuk & mfn~n"V] O;kfIr o la?kVukv) nqX/k O;olk;krhy lgdkj] ,d xkao ,d laLFkk] f}Lrjh; o f=kLrjh; i/nrvi) oSpkfjd nsok.k&?ksok.k o R;kps fodkl dk;kZrhy egRovii) dk;ZØekpk izlkj] ekxZ o i/nrh & lkeqnk;hd ppkZ] HksVh] izpkjif=kdk] o`Rri=ks] vkdk'kok.khojhy Hkk"k.ks]nqjn'kZuojhy dk;ZØeviii) n`dJkO; midj.kkapk okijix) egkjk"Vªkrhy nqX/k O;olk; foLrkj lsok] foLrkj dk;ZØekaps fu;kstux) foLrkj vf/kdkjh o deZpkÚ;kaph fuoM drZO;sxi) foLrkj dk;ZØe vaeyctko.kh oLrqfLFkrhph ekfgrh] ifjfLFkrhps fo'ys"K.k] leL;k vksG[k.ks] mfn~N"Vs fuf'prdj.ks] dk;ZØekph :ijs"kk Bjfo.ks o dk;ZØekps iquZeqY;kadu dj.ksxii)Lo;a lgk¸;rk xV ¼cpr xV½ LFkkiu dj.ks o R;kaps egRo&% izkR;f{kd %&1. ifj.kke funsZ'ku2. dk;Zi/nrh funsZ'ku3. lkeqnkf;d ppkZ] iz{ks=k lgy] ckrehi=kds] foLrkj if=kdk o vkdk'kok.kh Hkk"k.k4. n`dJo.k ;a=k] xk;u&dfork5. ukVds] LykbZMl~] fQYe] LVªhi izkstsDVj] VsijsdkWMZj] dWesjk bR;kfn lk/kus o ;a=k gkrkG.kh6. i=kds] gksfMax] izn'kZus] f'kchjs] lOgsZ i/nrh] fHkarh] rDrs o iksLVlZ r;kj dj.ks-7. xzkeh.k lHkk Hkjfo.ks] lgdkjh laLFkk fuekZ.k dj.ks] usr`Rokph fuoM dj.ks] foLrkj dk;ZØekps eqY;kadu dj.ksbR;knh--------------------------13

fo"k; Ø- 1-7 % lgdkjh laLFkk O;oLFkkiu o ys[kk i/nrh%% ckSf/nd %%v½laLFkk O;oLFkkiu1. lgdkjkph ladYiuk %lgdkjkpk loZlkekU; vFkZ] lgdkj vkfFkZd o lkekthd la?kVuk] lgdkjkph O;k[;k o vFkZ] lgdkjh rRokapk mxe]lgdkjkph iqujZfpr rRos o R;kps Lo:i-2. nqX/kO;olk; lgdkjh laLFkk o O;oLFkkiukph dk;sZ %nqX/k O;olk; lgdkjh laLFksP;k dkedktkps Lo:i] nqX/k O;olk; lgdkjh laLFksP;k O;ogkjkr O;oLFkkiusP;k dk;kZpsegRo o Lo:i nqX/k O;olk; @ lgdkjh laLFkk ;'kLoh gks.;klkBh vko';d vl.kkjs ?kVd-3. nqX/k O;olk; lgdkjh laLFkkaps izdkj %izkFkfed nqX/kO;olk; lgdkjh laLFkk] ftYgk nq/k mRiknd lgdkjh la?k] egkjk"Vª jkT; lgdkjh nq/k egkla?k- ;klaLFkkaP;k mifo/khpk vH;kl mn~ns'k] ?kVuk] HkkaMoy mHkkj.kh o dkedktkph i/nr-4. brj i'kqlao/kZu lgdkjh laLFkk %laLFkkaps izdkj] mn~ns';] ?kVuk o dk;Zi/nrh5. nqX/k O;ok; lgdkjh laLFkkaP;k O;oLFkkiukrhy izeq[k ?kVd %lHkkln@lHkklnRo dks.kkl izkIr gksrs] lHkklnkaps gDd o tckcnkÚ;k] lk/kkj.k lHkkÚlk/kkj.k lHkkaps izdkj] vf/kdkj odkes] O;oLFkkid lferh jpuk] dkes o vf/kdkj] laLFksps inkf/kdkjh] v/;{k & R;kaps vf/kdkj o dkes] laLFkspk fpo &use.kqdhph i/nr] dkes o vf/kdkj-6. lgdkjh laLFkkaP;k lHkk cksyfo.;kph i/nr o lHksP;k dkedktkps Lo:i %lHksph lqpuk o fo"k; if=kdk ikBfo.;kph i/nr & lHkk pkyfo.ks] lHksps fu;a=k.k & v/;{kkaps vf/kdkj] lHkkaps o`Rrkarr;kj dj.;kph i/nr] lHkk o`Rrkarkps egRo-7. nqX/kO;olk; lgdkjh laLFkkauk vkfFkZd lgk¸;] laLFkk o R;kaP;k ;kstuk %jk"Vªh; lgdkjh fodkl egkeaMG] jkT; lgdkjh Hkqfodkl cWd-8. lgdkjh laLFksus Bsoko;kph iqLrds o jftLVlZ %vkuan i/nfrus laLFksus Bsoko;kP;k iqLrds vkf.k jftLVlZ ;kaph lfoLrj ekfgrh&mi;ksx o egRo-9. foek ;kstuk-c½lgdkjh dk;nkegkjk"Vª lgdkjh dk;nk vf/kfu;e 1960 o fu;e 1961 e/khy fofo/k egRokP;k rjrqnh % egkjk"Vª lgdkjhlaLFkk vf/kfu;e 1960 ps mn~ns'k-14

d½ ys[kk i/nrh %1. tek[kpZ Eg.kts dk; \O;k[;k] mn~ns'; o Qk;ns tek[kpZ fyfg.;kph oS/kkfud tckcnkjh- tek[kpkZps vko';drk o egRo-2. tek[kpkZph iqLrdsjkstdhnZ ¼ tuZy ½ O;ogkjkP;k uksanh] jks[khps] m/kkjhps o cWdO;ogkj jkstfdnZ iksV foHkkx] iksV foHkkxkph oSf'k"V;s-3. jksdM ogh ¼dW'kcqd½O;ogkj uksanhP;k i/nrh] jksdM oghps izdkj] lk/kh o jdkusokyh-4. [krko.kh %izdkj & O;fDrd [krko.kh o loZlk/kkj.k [krko.kh] [krko.khr uksanh dj.;kph i/nr] [krko.khrhy ckD;k] tek&ukaos]okD;kapk vFkZ-5. tek[kpkZph i=kds %rsjht&rsjtsps izdkj] fdnhZps o rsjht [krko.khps rsjht&fdnhZps rsjht o [kro.khps rsjht ;krhy Qjd]rsjhti=kd r;kj djrkauk gks.kkÚ;k pqdk o R;kaps izdkj-6. tek[kpkZph vafre %O;kikjh i=kdÚuQkrksVk i=kd vkf.k rkGscanv½ [kkrsckD;k i=kdko:uc½ fdnhZps rsjht o iqohZP;k rkGscankP;k lgk;kus-7. laLFksP;k fuOoG uQ;kph okV.kh %lgdkjh laLFkk vf/kfu;e 1960 e/khy rjrqnh o mifo/khrhy rjrqnhph ekfgrh-8. fg'ksc rikl.kh %O;k[;k] mn~ns'k o izdkj] egRo o vko';drkfg'ksc rikl.kh vgoky r;kj dj.;kph i/nrhfg'kscrikl.kh nks"k nq:Lrh vgoky r;kj dj.;kph i/nrh-------------------------15

fo"k; Ø- 1-8 % i'kq/ku O;oLFkkiukr lax.kdkps mi;ksx&% izkR;f{kd %&1. lax.kdkph vksG[ki) lax.kd Eg.kts dk; \ii) lax.kd o brj lk/kus ;krhy Qjdiii) lax.kdkpk fofo/k {ks=kkr mi;ksxiv) lax.kdkP;k dk;Zi/nrhph vksG[k @ buiqVizkslsl=k vkÅViqV izkslslv) lax.kdkph vkd`rhca/k vksG[k o xq.k/keZvi) lax.kdkps izdkj2. lax.kdkps Hkkx o fMOgk;lsl fdaok lk/kusi) ykWih fMLdii) dh cksMZiii) ekÅliv) fOgT;qvy fMLIys ;qfuVv) eWXusVhd fMLd] eWXusVhd Vsivi) lh-Mh] jkWe] lh-Mh- jk;Vj] Mh-Ogh-Mh-] jkWe o jk;Vj-3. gkMZosvji) buiqV fMOgk;lsl @ lk/kusii) vkÅViqV fMOgk;lsliii) ekfgrh lkBowu Bso.;kph lk/kusiv) lh-ih-;q] ps varHkkZx o esejh4. lkWVosvji) lkWVosvj ps izdkj & vIyhds'ku lkWVosvj o flLVhe lkWVosvj e/khy Qjdii) lkWVosvj r;kj dj.kkÚ;k lax.kdkP;k Hkk"kkaph rksaM vksG[kiii) yWXost] iWdstsl] daEik;yj] baVjfizaVlZiv) MkVk o bUWQkWjes'kuv) nqX/kO;olk; laca/khr lkWVosvj FkksMD;kr ekfgrh-5. vkWijsVhax flLVhei) vkWijsVhax flLVheph dk;sZii) QkbZy Eg.kts dk; o R;kps izdkjiii) dekaM~liv) yks&pkVZv) dlZj16

vi)lax.kd fo"kk.kwph ladYiuk o izfrca/kd mik;6. foaMkst ladYiuki) MkWl Eg.kts dk; \ii) MkWle/khy dekaM~liii) foaMkst o MkWl e/khy Qjdiv) foaMkstps izdkj o Qk;nsv) foaMkstps Hkkxvi) ekÅlpk okijvii) foaMkstph dk;sZviii) foaMkste/khy QkbZy r;kj dj.ks o gkrkG.ksix) foaMkste/;s MkVkcsl r;kj dj.ks o gkrkG.ks¼fVi %& vH;klØeke/;s foaMkst&98] foaMkst&2000 gs lkWVosvj gkrkG.ks fdaok izf'k{k.k ns.ks visf{kr vkgs ½x) ,e-,l- vkWQhl & rksaM vksG[kxi) MkVk csl lkWVosvjph gkrkG.kh& MkVk r;kj dj.ks o lkBo.ks] izkslsl r;kj dj.ks( MS-Access, MS-Excel complete ) laiq.kZ7. lax.kd usVodZph vksG[ki) usVodZps izdkj & baVjusV] baVªkusV (LAN)ii) usVodZph tksM.kh i/nrhiii) usVodZph ladYiukiv) b&esy ikBfo.ks o okp.ks----------------------------------17

f}rh; o"kZ18

fo"k; Ø- 2-1 % xk; EgSl ikyu o nqX/kksRiknu%% ckSf/nd %%1. Hkkjrkrhy nqX/kO;olk;kph lífLFkrh izxr jk"Vªklkscr rwyuk] xk;h Eg'khph la[;k] ljkljh nw/k mRiknu njMksbZ nw/k onwX/ktU; inkFkkZpk okij-2. Hkkjrh; xk;h o Eg'khaP;k tkrhpk vH;kl&nq/kkdjhrk mi;wDr tkrh-3. Hkkjrkr mi;qDr BjysY;k fons'kh xk;haP;k tkrhapk vH;kl] ldajhdj.kksps Qk;ns] izew[k ladjhr xk;hP;k tkrhapk vH;kl-4. nw/kkG xk;h o Eg'khph fuoM-5. uotkr okljs o jsMdkaph dkGth o O;oLFkkiu fpdkps egRo i;kZ; ukjG dki.ks] vax dksjMs dj.ks] f'kxadG;k [kwM.ksbR;knh uotkr jsMdkaP;k e`R;wph dkj.ks o mik;6. dkyoMhaph ns[kHkky o laxksiu7. HkkdM xk;h o Eg'khps laxksiu & ektkph y{k.ks] dkG] oGw nk[kfo.;kph@d`f=ke jsrukph ;ksX; osG8. xkHk.k xk;h@Eg'khps laxksiu&xHkZ/kkj.ksph y{k.ks] dkG xk;hl vkVfo.ks&dkj.ks o in~/rh foJkarh dkG] fo.;kvk/kh dkghfnol ?;ko;kph dkGth] fo.;kph y{k.ks o R;kph iwoZr;kjh] izlwrhx`gkph LoPNrk] uqdR;kp O;kysY;k xk;h & Eg'khaphns[kHkky] vaxkph LoPNrk] dkGTkh-9. nq/kkG xk;h& Eg'khph tksikluk o laxksiu& nw/k&O;k[;k] nw/kkrhy ?kVd] dkl&jpuk]ok< ] nw/k fufeZrh] nw/k L=ko.ks-10. nw/k nksgu i/nrh&gkr o e'khu] nw/k /kkjk dk

2. xksB;kpk vH;kl &vkd`rh o ekst ekiklg3. xk;h& Eg'khauk vksG[k [wkuk ns.ks& xksa/k.ks] Bls ekj.ks] fcYyk yko.ks4. okljkaP;k f'kaxdG;k [kwM.ks o [kPphdj.k i/nrh-5. uotkr oklajkps laxskiu &vax dksjMs dj.ks ] ukdiwM;k lkQ dj.ks] ukG rksaM.ks] [kwjs dki.ks ] fpd ikt.ks6. okljkauk xk;h@e'khuhiklwu osXkGs dj.ks] nw/k fi.ks f'kdfo.ks ¼i/nrh ½ nw/kkl i;kZ;kh vkgkj mnk- dkQ LVkkVZj] fØQfQMhax b- r;kj dj.ks-7. nkrkaP;k o f'kaxkP;k vH;klo:u xk;& Eg'khaps o; Bjfo.ks8. nw/k nksgu i/nrh& gkrkus o e'khuus & Eg'khaph LoPNrk o furatwrwdhdj.k] LoPn nwx/kksRiknu fujfujkgG;k vkpdkrwunw/kkps izek.k] lw:okrhP;k o 'ksoVP;k nw/kkrhy fLux/kkps izek.k9. nw/kkG xwjkaph fuoM& okl:] dkyoM] xk;] EgSl10. xks'kkGsrhy fujfujkG;k uksanh] R;kaph Nkuuh o egRo11. 20 xk;h o 20 Eg'khapk izdYi r;kj dj.ks-12. nwX/kO;kolk;kdjhrk vko';d fofo/k midja.kkpk vH;kl13. mUgkG;ke/;s xk;h& Eg'khaph ?;ko;kph dkGth-14. izxr xk;h Eg'khaP;k izdYikl HksV-------------------------20

fo"k; Ø- 2-2 2 % nw/kkps xw.kfu;=ka.k-%% ckSf/nd %%1. nw/k o nwX/ktU; inkFkkZps xw.kfu;=ka.k vkf.k egRo2. nw/kkph O;k[;k o ?kVd3. nw/kkrhy ?kVd nzO;koj ifj.kke dj.kkjh dkj.ks vkf.k ?kVdkea/khy rwyukRed lac/k ] fLux/kka'k] fLux/ksrj ?ku ?kVd] {kkjbR;knhoj ifj.kke4. nw/kkps 'kkL=kh; xw.k/keZ] ¼ vkEyrk] jax ] okl ]?kurk] xksB.kfacnw] mRdyu facnw] bR;knh½ nw/kkuh; HkkSrhsd o jklk;fudxw.k/keZ5. m".krspk nw/kkP;k ?kVdsoj ifj.kke ¼ izfFkzus fLux/kka'k] nwX/k 'kdZjk] {kkj] thoulRos b- ½6. nq/kkps oSKkfud izek.k % nq/kkrhy ?kVdkaph oSKkfud o jklk;fud xw.koRrk7. nw/kkpk /kkrwoj gks.kkÚ;k ijh.kke ¼ xat.ks o okbZV okl ½8. nq/k fVdfo.ks] mnklhuhdj.k] nw/kkrhy HkslG] o nw/kkps HkkSfrd o jklk;fud xw.k/kekZoj ijh.kke] HkslG rikl.kh ¼lk[kj]LVkpZ b- ½9. okVikuarj ijr vkysY;k nw/kkph foYgsokV10. nw/kkrhy fLux/kka'kakph ?kVd nzO;s o O;k[;k] QWVh vWaflM e/khy fofo/krk] xw.k/keZ o R;kps ijh.kke11. nw/kkrhy izfFkus o R;kps oxhZdj.k] ize[k izfFkukaps o oSKkfud o jklk;fud xw.k/keZ12. nq/kkrhy ikz.;ke/;s foj?kG.kkjs ftoulRo13. nw/kkrhy fodj r;kps dk;Z vkf.k ijh.kke14. nw/kkrhy nqX/k 'kDzjkps egRo15. [kfutkps nw/kkrhy vfLrRo o egRo16. ik.;kps jklk;fud egRo ¼tMRo ½17. nqX/k 'kkGsr okij.;kr ;s.kkjh jlk;us o nzkous ¼ fj,tUVl ½] egRokph vkEys] vYdyh] {kkj] vkf.k vYdksgksy18. vkfdZfeMhtpk fl/nkar ] rjax.kkÚ;k inkFkkZpk fu;e o fofo/k izdkjps rjdkVs okesekiu19. nq/kkpk xksB.k o mRdyu facnw vkf.k R;koj ik.kh] nw/kkph HkwdVh] m".krk /k`rka'k fojfgr /ku inkFkZ dk

1- iz;ksx'kkGsrhy rjktwph dkGth& fuxk % fHkUu izdkjph jlk;us dkGthiwoZd gkrkG.ks ¼rhoz vkEys] vYdyh b- ½ o fofo/kizdkjph nzko.ks cufo.ks2- rjdkV;kus nw/kkps fof'k"V xw:Ro vkf.k ?kurk Bjfo.ks- o fjpeaM vk;,l vk; lw=kkuqlkj fLux/k'kkal ?ku ?kVd dk

2. nq/k fodr ?ks.ks o ladyu] fodr ?ks.;kP;k i/nrh % nq/kkps otu] vkdkjeku] fLuX/krk o fLuX/ksrj ?ku?kVds] mi;qDrrk oLoPNrsuwlkj] mRiknu [kpkZuwlkj nq/k ladyu i/nrh& oS;fDrd] nq/k lgdkjh laLFkk] nykyk ekQZr bR;knh-3. nq/kkph fLod`rh &v½ nq/k ladyu dsanzkoj %&nq/k pkp.;k % okl] po] dpjk] jax] vkEyrk] fLuX/kka'k] fLuX/kka'ksrj vUu?kVds ¼yWDVksehVj½@rjdkVk@rikl.kh nq/kkpk;ksX; uequk ?ksÅu ojhy dkgh egRokP;k pkp.;k dj.ks- nq/kkps otu o uksan- nq/kkph fdaer ns.ks] nq/kkph midj.ks] nq/k VkD;kg;kaph LoPNrk futZarqdh dj.ksc½nq/k'kfDr %&nq/kkP;k oj.;k ¼dsUl½] VWdjlZph mrj.k- nq/k fLod`rhP;k pkp.;k] rieku] okl] po] vkEyrk] dpjk] jax nq/kkpk ;ksX;,df=kr uequk ?ks.ks o rks iz;ksx'kkGsr rikl.ks fLuX/kka'k] fLuX/kka'ksrj vUu?kVds] vkEyrk] ,u-ch-vkj-¼nq/kkrhy HkslG b-½nq/kkps otu o uksanh] nq/kkps dWUl] VWdlZph LoPNrk o futZarwdhdj.k-4. dWu lkQ dj.;kph ;a=ks5. nq/kkps f'krdj.k] lkBo.k o okgrwd f'krdj.kkps egRo o i/nrh] cQZ ?kkrysys dWue/khy uGdkaMs] MsLdks] IysVfpyj b-lkBo.k % i/nrh nqX/k'kkGsr nq/k lkBo.;kph dkj.ksokgrwd% egRo] i/nrhnq/k f'krdj.k o okgrqdhrhy vMp.khVªd o VWdjph izkFkehd ekfgrh %6. nq/kkojhy izfØ;kxkG.ks % (Filteration/Clarification) Qk;ns] i/nrhik'pjhdj.k % Qk;ns o i/nrh7. ik'pjhdj.k (Standardization ) izek.khdj.k] futZrqdhdj.k bZ- (Sterilization) dsysys nq/k ckVyhr@dWue/;s Hkj.ks¼iWdhax½8. izfØ;k dsysY;k nq/kkph iz;ksx'kkGsr rikl.kh nq/kkps forj.k o foØh forj.k i/nrh] ijr dsysY;k nq/kkph foYgsokV] foØhi/nrh] nq/k Js.kh izfrca/kddkGkuwlkj nq/k ?kVds (P.F.A. RULE)9. nq/k ijh{kk eqY;ekiu] Ldksvj dkMZ] nq/kkrhy okbZV okl & dkj.ks fueqZyu&% izkR;f{kd %&1. nq/k ladyu dsanz o nqX/k 'kkGsP;k bekjrhaP;k tfeuhph o fujfujkG;k midj.kkaph LoPNrk o futZarqdhdj.k2. nq/k fLodkj.;kP;k fujfujkG;k ijh{kk & po] vkEyrk] vYdksgksy ijh{kk] nq/k mdGY;koj xqByh ijh{kk nq/kkpkokl rkieku rjdkVk] nq/kkrhy jpuk-3. 'kq/n ik.kh cufo.ks4. nq/k ladyu dsanz o nqX/k'kkGsrhy okijkr ;s.kkÚ;k ik.;kP;k 'kq/nrsph ifj{kk5. nq/kkpk Hkko ¼nj ½ ns.;klkBh ijh{kk&fLuX/kka'k ¼Fat test) fLux/kka'ksrj ?ku?kVds rjdkV;kus] xksB.k fcanw23

igk.ks] ,e-ih-vkj- pkp.kh6. nq/kkph fLod`rh nq/kkP;k ojhy izek.ks ijh{kk] nq/kkps otu o uksan dj.ks-7. nq/k FkaM d:u Bso.ks & nq/k FkaM dj.;kP;k fujfujkG;k i/nrh& dWi e/;s cQZ Hkjysys uGdkaMs] MsLdks] IysVfpyj] bR;knh] nq/kkps dWUl] oWdlZ LoPN dj.ks] dWu okW'kjph ekfgrh-8. nq/kkoj izfØ;k dj.ks (H.T.S.T./Watch) ik'pjkblj LoPN dj.ks-9. dPP;k nq/kkph lkBo.k o R;kph okgrwd ;kaph ekfgrh Vªd] jksM Vwadj o jsYos VWdj Onkjs nq/kkph okgrqd-10. nq/kkph izr Bjo.ks&nq/kkrhy fujfujkGs ?kk.ksjMs okl ikg.ks] nq/kkps fujfujkGs izdkj Bjfo.ks o nq/kkrhy HkslG¼lk[kj½] [kk.;kpk lksMk] fi"Be; inkFkZ bR;knh ijh{kk ?ks.ks-11. >qjGs] ek'kk] Mkl b- pk uk;ukV dj.;klkBh mik;] djko;kph ;kstuk12. ik'pjhdj.k IyWUVyk o iz;ksx'kkGsyk HksV-----------------------------fo"k; Ø- 2-4 % nqX/ktU; inkFkZ fuehZrh o ra=kKku%% ckSf/nd %%1. Øhe %& O;k[;k] ofxZdj.k] ?kVds] mi;ksx] Øhe dk

9. rwi cufo.;kP;k i/nrh % ngh fojtwj fØe o yks.;kiklwu] lq/kkjhr i/nr (Pre-tratification) rqyukRed rqikph izro rqikps mRiUu-10. pkaxY;k rqikps xq.k/keZ] rqikps eqY;ekiu ¼Ldksvj cksMZ½ pkaxys rqi dls r;kj djky \ rqikps iWdhax] lkBo.k] izrfVdfo.;kpk dkG o lkBo.khr izr fVdfo.kkÚ;k ckdh lkBfoysY;k rqikph dkGth] okbZV rqikph lq/kkj.kk-11. rqikrhy HkslG&dkj.ks] HkslGhlkBh okijkrY;k oLrw o R;kaph rikl.kh vWxekdZ xzsMhax ;kstuk- rqikr fuekZ.k gks.kkjs nks"k]dkj.ks o fueqZyu] rqikrhy csjh (Ghee residue) O;k[;k] ?kVds] mi;ksx] csjhrwj rwi ijr feGfo.ks-12. [kok %& O;k[;k] ?kVd & vUu] HkslG] izfrca/kd dk;|kuwlkj vko';drk] ikS"Vhdrk] izdkj] pkaxY;k [kO;kps xq.k/keZ]Ldksvj dkMZ] xkbZ Eg'khaP;k nq/kkiklwu cuoysY;k [kO;kph izr rqyukRed] [kok r;kj djrkauk izrhoj ifj.kke dj.kkÚ;kckch-13. [kO;kps iWdhax] lkBo.k o fVdfo.;kpk dkG] lkBoysY;k [kO;kph [kjkch] dkj.ks] izfrca/kd mik;] [kO;kr fuekZ.k >kysysnks"k] dkj.ks] izfrca/kd mik;]mi;ksx % is

14 ngh] pDdk o Jh[kaM r;kj dj.ks15 yLlh] rkd r;kj dj.ks] Ogs iklqu ljcr r;kj dj.ks16 dqYQh r;kj dj.ks17 vkblfØe r;kj dj.ks------------------------------------------%% ckSf/nd %%fo"k; Ø- 2-5 % 'ksGh] esa

16. 'ksG;k esa

1- ojkgkP;k ckg; vaxkaph vksG[k2- ojkgikyukP;k O;olk;kdfjrk ojkgkP;k tkrhpk vH;kl3- fofo/k voLFksrhy ojkgkadfjrk ykx.kkjh fofo/k izdkjph ?kjs o R;kapk vH;kl4- ojkgikyu O;olk;kdfjrk ykx.kkÚ;k fofo/k midj.ks] bR;knhapk vH;kl5- uotkr ojkgkaph dkGth o O;oLFkkiu6- ok

fo"Bsps O;oLFkkiu vkf.k mi;ksx11. ekaly dkascMh ikyukph oSf'k"Bs] eklay dkscM;kps O;oLFkkiu] cktkjisB vkf.k foØh O;oLFkk12. _rquqlkj o HkkSxksfyd foHkkxkuqlkj i{;kaP;k O;oLFkkiusr gks.kkjs cny] tkLr rkiekukeqGas mRiUukoj gks.kkjs ijh.kke oR;klkBh ?;ko;kph dkGTkh13. vkgkjkps egRo o [kk|feJ.kkaP;k i/nrh14. dqDdqVikyu O;olk;krhy vFkZ'kkL=k15. cVsj@ykOgh i{kh ikyukps egRo] laxksiu] iztuu]vaMh mco.kwd] vkgkj'kkL=k foØhO;oLFkk] vFkZ'kkL=k16. cnd ikyukps egRo] cndkaP;k tkrh] laxksiu O;oLFkkiu] vkgkj 'kkL=k] mco.kwd foØhO;oLFkk vFkZ'kkL=k17. lQy o vlQy vaM;kph dlksVh] vaaMh mcfo.;klkBh ykx.kkÚ;k vaM;kph gkrkG.kh rlsp mcfo.;kP;k osGh ?;ko;kphdkGth h vkf.k vaMh mcfo.;kP;k i/nrh18. vaMh mcfo.kh ;a=kkph ekghrh] izdkj] dk;Z] fuZtatwdhdj.k&% izkR;f{kd %&1. dksscM;kph oxhZdj.k tkrh o iksVtkrh vkf.k R;kaps egRokps xw.k/keZ2. ekaly o vM;kaojhy dkscaM;kph iSnkl] fuoM i/nrh o izdkj3. ia{kkP;k vko';drsuqlkj ?kjkaP;k i/nrh o izR;{k ?kjcka/k.kh4. dqDdqVikyuklkBh vko';d fofo/k midj.ks okij LoPNrk fuxk b-5- ?kjkps fuZtarwdhdj.k vkf.k ygku fiYykP;k ok

fo"k; Ø- 2-7 & d`f=ke jsru%% ckS/nhd %%1- fo"k;kph izLrko.kk2- uj o eknh e/khy iztuu laLFkk] jpuk o dk;Z3- Tkuusafnz;kph laca/khr var%L=koh izfiMs vkf.k R;kaps dk;Z4- o;kr ;s.ks5- ekt & ÇrwpØ6- xHkZ/kkj.kk o xHkkZph tksikluk] xHkkZph ok< vkf.k xkHk.k dkG] okj iM.ks7- xHkZ/kkj.k rikl.kh ¼xHkZijh{kk½ fujfujkG;k i/nrh8- fo.;kiwohZ forkauk vkf.k O;kY;kuarj tukojkaph ?;ko;kph dkGth9- uotkr okljkph dkGth10- xHkZikr viqÚ;k fnolkaph izlqrh11- xkHk.k dkGkrhy vi?kkr12- tuusafnz;kps vktkj% xHkkZ'k;nkg] ;ksfunkg13- d`f=ke jsrukpk bfrgkl] Qk;ns] rksVsuSlfxZd o d`f=ke jsru i/nrhrhy eqyHkqr Qjd14- oh;Z ladyu] oh;Z pkp.kh] oh;Z izfØk;k] oh;Z o`/nh] oh;Z lkBo.kh] oh;Z tksMo.kh ¼'khroh;Z ½15- oh;Z isVh vkf.k nzo u=k ik=k gkrkG.kh o R;kph dkGth16- vfrf'ky oh;Z] bfogkl] Qk;ns] rksVs lkBo.kh17- d`=khe jsrukalkBh ykx.kkjs fujfujkGs lkfgR; ¼nzo:i rlsp vfr'khr oh;Z½18- vk;q/kkaps futZarqdhdj.k19- ektkph y{k.ks vkf.k d`=khe jsrukph ;ksX; osG vkf.k oh;Z lksM.;kph ;ksX; tkxk20- d`f=ke jsru ra=k] 'khr rlsp vfo'khr oh;Z21- oh;Z ladyukiwohph r;kjh iz;ksx'kkGk vkf.k lkfgR; b-22- oGqaph O;oLFkkiu30

23- ra=kKkph oS;fDrd LoPNrk vkf.k laj{kd vkoj.ks24- okjfu'kh Bso.ks & d`f=ke jsru oh;Z ladyu vkf.k oh;Z vkod fofu;ksx okjfu'kh&% izkR;f{kd %&1- i'kqo/k xzgkrwu vk.kysY;k uj vkf.k eknh tuusafnz;kaph pkp.kh vkf.k gkrkG.kh2- ekt vksG[k.ks vkf.k dkpiêh r;kj dj.ks3- d`f=ke jsruklkBh xHkZijh{kk rikl.khlkBh vkysY;k xkbZ & Eg'khapkiqoZ bfrgkl ekfgrh d:u ?ks.ks4- xk;h & Eg'khaP;k ;ksuh}kjs d`f=ke jsru x.k xHkkZ'k;kr ;ksX; tkxh Bso.ks5- d`f=ke jsrukP;k fujfujkG;k i/nrh] d`f=ke jsru djrkauk ?ks.;kph dkGth6- vk;q/kkaph izkFkfed LoPNrk vkf.k futZarqdhdj.k7- xHkZ/kkj.kk rikl.kh8- vfrf'kr oh;Z gkrkG.kh] nouu ik=kkph gkrkG.kh vkf.k dkGth9- vfr'khr oGw cht jr ek=kk dsanzkyk HksV nsÅu rsFkhy dk;Zi/nrh ikg.ks------------------------31