References Anonymous, 1977. Eindrapport commissie biologische l<strong>and</strong>bouwmethoden 1976, PUDOC, Wageningen, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s. Appleby M.C., 2005. <strong>Sustainable</strong> agriculture is humane, humane agriculture is sustainable, Journal <strong>of</strong> Agricultural <strong>and</strong> Environmental Ethics 18, 293–303. Bennedsgaard, T.W., Thamsborg, S.M., Vaarst, M., Enevoldsen, C., 2003. Eleven years <strong>of</strong> organic production in Denmark: herd health <strong>and</strong> production related to time <strong>of</strong> conversion <strong>and</strong> compared to conventional production. Livestock. Production. Science. 80, 121–13<strong>1.</strong> Borch K., 2007 Emerging technologies in favour <strong>of</strong> sustainable Agriculture. Futures 39, 1045-1066. De Boer I.J.M., 2003. Environmental impact assessment <strong>of</strong> conventional <strong>and</strong> organic milk production. Livestock Production Science 80, 69-77. Demont M., Mathijs, E., Tollens, E., 200<strong>1.</strong> Impact <strong>of</strong> new technologies on agricultural production systems: the case <strong>of</strong> agricultural biotechnology <strong>and</strong> automatic milking. New technologies <strong>and</strong> sustainability, Bouquiaux, J.-M., L. Lauwers, <strong>and</strong> J. Viaene, ed., pp11-38.Brussels; CLE-SEA, 200<strong>1.</strong> Eastwood C.R., Chapman D.F., Paine M.S. 2006. From intuition to information management information systems in Australian dairy farming. Contribution to 4 th World Conference on Computers in Agriculture , Orl<strong>and</strong>o, Florida, USA.. Elkington J., 1998. Cannibals with Forks: The triple bottom line <strong>of</strong> 21 st century business. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Isl<strong>and</strong>, Canada. FØI, 2008. Institute <strong>of</strong> Food <strong>and</strong> Resource Economics. Data retrieved from http://www.foi.life.ku.dk/English.aspx (statistics). Grigg, D.B., 1974. Agricultural systems <strong>of</strong> the world, London 1974. ICROFS, 2008. <strong>Development</strong>, growth <strong>and</strong> integrity in the Danish organic sector. Retrieved 22-01- 2009 from http://www.darc<strong>of</strong>.dk/publication IFOAM, 2008. Principles <strong>of</strong> organic agriculture. Retrieved 22-01-2009 from http://www.ifoam.org/about_ifoam/principles/index.html Jabareen, Y., 2008. A new conceptual framework for sustainable development. Environ.Dev. Sustain 10:179–192. Jacobsen B.H., Madsen N., Ørum J.E., 2005. <strong>Organic</strong> farming at the farm level.Scenarios for the future development in Denmark. Institute <strong>of</strong> Food <strong>and</strong> Resource Economics. Report nr. 178. available at http://orgprints.org Kramer C.M., 2006 Afgræsning og automatisk malkning [Grazing <strong>and</strong> Robotic Milking].Master Project at Royal Veterinary <strong>and</strong> Agricultural University, Copenhagen . Markussen S.M., 2003 Precision farming – <strong>Technology</strong> assessment <strong>of</strong> site-specific input applications in cereals. PhD thesis, Technical University <strong>of</strong> Denmark (www.dtu.dk). Mogensen L., 2004. <strong>Organic</strong> milk production based entirely on home grown feed. PhD thesis, Copenhagen University, faculty for life Sciences. Mollenhorst H., Berentsen P. B. M., De Boer I. J. M. 2006. On-farm quantification <strong>of</strong> sustainability indicators: an application to egg production systems. British Poultry Science, 47, 405-417. Oudshoorn, F. W., De Boer, I. J. M., 2005. ‘‘Survey <strong>of</strong> the Sustainability Aspects <strong>of</strong> Automatic Milking Systems (AMS) in <strong>Organic</strong> Dairy Production,’’ in S. Cox (eds.), Precision Livestock Farming _05, Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, pp. 193–199. Oudshoorn, F. W., Renes, R. J., De Boer I. J. M., 2008. Systems in organic dairy production. J. Agric. Environ. Ethics 21: 205–228. 16 <strong>Sustainable</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> in <strong>Organic</strong> Dairy Farming
Oudshoorn F.W., De Boer, I.J.M., Van der Zijpp, A.A.K., Kristensen T., 2009. Quantification <strong>of</strong> Sustainability Indicators on <strong>Organic</strong> Dairy Farms using Automatic <strong>and</strong> Conventional Milking Systems in Denmark. Submitted. Rosati A., Aumaitre A., 2004. <strong>Organic</strong> dairy farming in Europe. Livestock Production Science 90, 41- 5<strong>1.</strong> Roszak, T. 1972. Where the Wastel<strong>and</strong> ends. ISBN 9029000570. Slots, T., Sørensen J., Nielsen, J.H., 2008. Tocopherol, carotenoids <strong>and</strong> fatty acid composition in organic <strong>and</strong> conventional milk. Milchwissenschaft, 63(4), 352-355. Smolders, G., 2008. Animal Science Group, Lelystad. Personal communication. Sonesson U., Gunnarsson S., Stenberg M., Kumm KI, Ventorp M., 2005. Scenarios for Future Swedish Dairy Farming. Report FOOD21, SLU, Uppsala. Steiner, R., 1924. The birth <strong>of</strong> a new agriculture. Koberwitz. Sundrum, A., 200<strong>1.</strong> <strong>Organic</strong> livestock farming: a critical review. Livestock Production. Science. 67, 207–215. Søgaard, K., Lund P., Vinther F., Petersen S.O., Aaes O., 200<strong>1.</strong> Grazing with dairy cows in Danish “Afgræsning med malkekøer”. Report 5<strong>1.</strong> Danish Institute Agricultural Science. Sørensen, C.G., Madsen N.A., Jacobsen B.H., 2005. <strong>Organic</strong> Farming Scenarios: Operational Analysis <strong>and</strong> Costs <strong>of</strong> implementing <strong>Innovative</strong> Technologies. WCED (World Commission on Environment <strong>Development</strong>) 1987. Our common future (400p) Oxford: Oxford University Press. Thesis Frank W. Oudshoorn 17
- Page 1 and 2: Innovative Technology and Sustainab
- Page 3 and 4: Innovative Technology and Sustainab
- Page 5 and 6: Abstract Development of organic dai
- Page 7: Contents 1 General introduction 9 2
- Page 10 and 11: 1.1 Organic dairy farming in Denmar
- Page 12 and 13: 1.2 Organic agriculture, technology
- Page 14 and 15: a. What are the economic, ecologica
- Page 18 and 19: 18 Sustainable Technology in Organi
- Page 20 and 21: Abstract The aim of this study was
- Page 22 and 23: Table 2. Structural development of
- Page 24 and 25: negative influences on milk quality
- Page 26 and 27: consumption, therefore, were not br
- Page 28 and 29: According to the advisors, reasons
- Page 30 and 31: Table 5. Dutch (NL) and Danish (DK)
- Page 32 and 33: 2.5 Discussion 2.5.1 Perceptions: D
- Page 34 and 35: ecause of a recently published arti
- Page 36 and 37: References Alrøe, Hugo and Erik St
- Page 38 and 39: [Dairy Production Economy]. Ed. M.
- Page 40 and 41: Abstract The objective of this rese
- Page 42 and 43: data set. As the size of the herd w
- Page 44 and 45: The N output was computed as the N
- Page 46 and 47: of necessary supplementary silage (
- Page 48 and 49: was compensated by the above-mentio
- Page 50 and 51: level. The most important reason fo
- Page 52 and 53: Animal Health Culling rate was foun
- Page 54 and 55: An inquiry made on motivations to i
- Page 56 and 57: References Anderson, T. W., and D.
- Page 58 and 59: Strudsholm, F., and K. Sejersen. 20
- Page 60 and 61: Abstract The objective of this pape
- Page 62 and 63: 4.2.2 Sward and herd management Thr
- Page 64 and 65: Kristensen et al. (2007). Indoor ex
- Page 66 and 67:
Treatment P4, 4 hours of grazing, f
- Page 68 and 69:
Table 3. Total number of defecation
- Page 70 and 71:
Table 5. Time budget for dairy cows
- Page 72 and 73:
No significant correlation was foun
- Page 74 and 75:
4.4.3 Walking pattern and velocity
- Page 76 and 77:
When using either total time or act
- Page 78 and 79:
Poulsen, H.D., Kristensen, V.F., 19
- Page 80 and 81:
Abstract The objective of this stud
- Page 82 and 83:
practices in Denmark. Objections br
- Page 84 and 85:
evaluated based on a costs-benefit
- Page 86 and 87:
is found to be associated with redu
- Page 88 and 89:
However, we assumed a minor increas
- Page 90 and 91:
lactation months when the minimum i
- Page 92 and 93:
Economic evaluation For each scenar
- Page 94 and 95:
310 for N2O). GHG emissions are com
- Page 96 and 97:
Table 6. Production parameters esti
- Page 98 and 99:
include the purchase of heifers as
- Page 100 and 101:
social dimension in the analysis. I
- Page 102 and 103:
Often “kg milk” (fat corrected
- Page 104 and 105:
References Alrøe, H.F. Noe, E. 200
- Page 106 and 107:
IFOAM, 2008. Principles of organic
- Page 108 and 109:
Swedish Dairy Farming. Report FOOD2
- Page 110 and 111:
6.1 Introduction In this chapter th
- Page 112 and 113:
quantity, besides from being an imp
- Page 114 and 115:
additional money, and research shou
- Page 116 and 117:
area, weather, control of grass gro
- Page 118 and 119:
dairy industry, retail and consumer
- Page 120 and 121:
6.3.5 Mobile automatic milking Scen
- Page 122 and 123:
6.4 General Conclusions The conclus
- Page 124 and 125:
Hovi, M., A., Sundrum, A., Thamsbor
- Page 126 and 127:
Summary Organic agriculture provide
- Page 128 and 129:
Cows allowed grazing at pasture for
- Page 130 and 131:
Samenvatting De biologische landbou
- Page 132 and 133:
Dit is onderzocht in een beweidingp
- Page 134 and 135:
Resumé Økologisk landbrug leverer
- Page 136 and 137:
afgræsning med mælk fra ni timers
- Page 138 and 139:
Future Perspectives Based on the re
- Page 140 and 141:
Oudshoorn, F. W. , Nadimi, E. S. 20
Change language