MTEL Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test

Massachusetts Tests for Educator Licensure® (MTEL ® )MTEL: Communication and Literacy Skills (01)Practice TestBOOKLET 1Reading SubtestCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved.Evaluation Systems, Pearson, P.O. Box 226, Amherst, MA 01004Massachusetts Tests for Educator Licensure and MTEL are trademarks, in the U.S. and/or other countries, of theMassachusetts Department of Education and Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s).Pearson and its logo are trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries of Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s).

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingTABLE OF CONTENTSIntroduction ......................................................................................................................................1Purpose of the Practice Test .............................................................................................................1Taking the Practice Test ...................................................................................................................1Incorporating the Practice Test in Your Study Plan.........................................................................1Communication and Literacy Skills 01 Practice Test: Reading Subtest .........................................3General Test Directions .............................................................................................................4Multiple-Choice Answer Sheet..................................................................................................5Directions for the Multiple-Choice Section of the Reading Subtest..........................................6Multiple-Choice Questions ........................................................................................................7Directions for the Vocabulary Section of the Reading Subtest................................................24Vocabulary Questions and Response Sheet.............................................................................25Practice Test Results ......................................................................................................................26Practice Test Results Overview ...............................................................................................27Multiple-Choice Question and Vocabulary Section Answer Key Worksheet .........................28Vocabulary Section Sample Responses ...................................................................................30Multiple-Choice Question and Vocabulary Section Practice Test Evaluation Chart...............33Practice Test Score Calculation ...............................................................................................34

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingINTRODUCTIONThis document is a printable version of the Massachusetts Tests for Educator Licensure® (MTEL®)Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Online Practice Test.The MTEL Communication and Literacy Skills test consists of a reading subtest and a writing subtest. To passthe Communication and Literacy Skills test, you must pass both the reading and writing subtests.The reading subtest consists of multiple-choice questions and word meaning (vocabulary) assignments. Thewriting subtest includes multiple-choice questions, short-answer items, and open-response items, and is composedof four parts: written mechanics, grammar and usage, a written summary exercise, and a written compositionexercise. Areas tested on the MTEL Communication and Literacy Skills (01) test include the comprehension andanalysis of readings; development of ideas in essay form on specific topics; outlining and summarizing;interpretation of tables and graphs; and mastery of vocabulary, grammar, and mechanics.To assist you in recording and evaluating your responses on the reading section of the Practice Test, a Multiple-Choice Answer Sheet, a Vocabulary Questions and Response Sheet, an Answer Key Worksheet, and anEvaluation Chart by test objective are included for the multiple-choice and vocabulary items. Sample Responsesare also provided for the vocabulary questions. Lastly, there is a Practice Test Score Calculation Worksheet.PURPOSE OF THE PRACTICE TESTThe practice test is designed to provide an additional resource to help you effectively prepare for the MTELCommunication and Literacy Skills (01) test. The primary purpose of the practice test is to help you becomefamiliar with the structure and content of the test. It is also intended to help you identify areas in which to focusyour studies. Education faculty and administrators of teacher preparation programs may also find this practicetest useful as they help students prepare for the official test.TAKING THE PRACTICE TESTIn order to maximize the benefits of the practice test, it is recommended that you take this test under conditionssimilar to the conditions under which the official MTEL tests are administered. Try to take the practice test in aquiet atmosphere with few interruptions and limit yourself to the four-hour time period* allotted for the officialtest administration. You will find your results to be more useful if you refer to the answer key only after you havecompleted the practice test.INCORPORATING THE PRACTICE TEST IN YOUR STUDY PLANAlthough the primary means of preparing for the MTEL is your college education, adequate preparation prior totaking or retaking the MTEL test is strongly recommended. How much preparation and study you need dependson how comfortable and knowledgeable you are with the content of the test.The first step in preparing to take the MTEL is to identify what information the test will address by reviewing theobjectives for your field. A complete, up-to-date list of the Test Objectives is included in the Test InformationBooklet for each test field. The test objectives are the core of the testing program and a helpful study tool.Before taking or retaking the official test, focus your study time on those objectives for which you wish tostrengthen your knowledge.* For the Communication and Literacy Skills test, candidates may take one or both subtests during the four-hoursession.1

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingThis practice test may be used as one indicator of potential strengths and weaknesses in your knowledge of thecontent on the official test. However, because of potential differences in format and difficulty between thepractice test and an official MTEL Communication and Literacy Skills (01) test, it is not possible to predictprecisely how you might score on an official MTEL Communication and Literacy Skills (01) test. Refer to theTest Information Booklet for additional information about how to prepare for the test.2

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingCOMMUNICATION AND LITERACY SKILLS 01PRACTICE TESTREADING SUBTEST3

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingGENERAL TEST DIRECTIONSThis practice test consists of two subtests: reading (booklet 1) and writing (booklet 2). Each multiple-choicequestion on the practice test has four answer choices. Read each question carefully and choose the ONE bestanswer. Record each answer on the answer sheet provided.Sample Question: 1. What is the capital of Massachusetts?A. WorcesterB. New BedfordC. BostonD. SpringfieldThe correct answer to this question is C. You would indicate that on the answer sheet.The vocabulary and open-response items on this practice test require written responses. Directions for the openresponseitems appear immediately before those assignments.You may work on the multiple-choice questions and open-response items in any order that you choose. You maywish to monitor how long it takes you to complete the practice test. When taking the actual MTELCommunication and Literacy Skills (01) test, you will have one four-hour test session in which to complete thetest.4

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingMULTIPLE-CHOICE ANSWER SHEETQuestionNumber123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930Reading SubtestYourResponse5

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingDIRECTIONS FOR THE MULTIPLE-CHOICE SECTIONOF THE READING SUBTESTThe multiple-choice section of the reading subtest consists of six reading selections. Each reading selection isfollowed by several multiple-choice questions related to the selection. Read each question carefully and choosethe ONE best answer based on the information contained in the selection you have just read. You may refer backto the selection to answer the questions.There are a total of 30 multiple-choice questions in this section of the reading subtest, numbered 1 to 30. Recordyour answer to each question on the Answer Sheet provided in this booklet.In the multiple-choice section of the reading subtest, the order of information requested by the questions does notnecessarily correspond to the order of information in a given selection.6

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingMULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSRead the passage below, written in the style of a magazine of ideas and opinion.Then answer the five questions that follow.A Native American Heritage1 By the beginning of the twentieth century,the Native Americans who lived in NewEngland were far fewer than had lived in theregion three centuries earlier. Many of thesepeople lived in small groups on portions oflands that their ancestors had long occupied.Though fewer in number, they honored theirtribal identities, cherished their ancestralhomelands, and wanted to keep what theyhad. To help insure their heritage, NativeAmericans eventually turned to the U.S. legalsystem.2 Leading the way were two Maine tribes,the Penobscots and the Passamaquoddies,whose history differed little from that of mostNative Americans of the region. Like othertribes, their populations had decreasedmarkedly over the centuries; so had theamount of land they controlled. After theAmerican Revolution, state governments hadimposed treaties that transferred much of theNative Americans' land to state and privateownership. With the loss of their land baseand its resources, tribal populations tended todisperse as individuals sought opportunitieselsewhere. In Maine, by the early twentiethcentury, the Penobscots and Passamaquoddiesheld only two small reservations.3 Thus matters stood for the next halfcentury.Then, in 1957, a federal programdesigned to encourage the assimilation ofNative American peoples threatened toterminate the Penobscot and Passamaquoddytribal governments. Tribal leaders resisted.With the help of other Native Americanactivists, they thwarted the attempt and in theprocess strengthened tribal authority. It was asmall victory, but one that encouraged them toseek other ways of asserting their rights.4 As the changing social and politicalclimate of the 1960s and 1970s promptedmany Native American groups to insist thatthe federal government live up to treatycommitments, Penobscot and Passamaquoddyleaders saw their opportunity. The tribes hadfought for the Americans in the Revolutionand in return had been promised protection oftheir hunting grounds by the ContinentalCongress. By the twentieth century, thosevast tracts had become extremely valuable.So the two tribes decided to sue the federalgovernment for the return of about two-thirdsof the state of Maine.5 The land, they claimed, had been takenillegally, first by Massachusetts (of whichMaine formed a part until 1820) and then byMaine. They based their case on the IndianTrade and Intercourse Act of 1790. That law,which made the federal government a trusteefor Native American property, declared that notransfers of Indian land were valid unlessapproved by Congress. Since the tribes coulddemonstrate that state treaties involving morethan 1,200,000 acres of land taken from themhad never been submitted to Congress, theyhad a strong case. Much to the surprise andchagrin of many observers, the suit provedsuccessful. In 1980, the Maine IndianSettlement Act awarded the tribes a substantialmonetary settlement that enabled them to buyland, develop tribal businesses, and provideemployment for tribal members.7

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: Reading6 In winning the case, the Penobscots andPassamaquoddies established an importantlegal precedent that other New England tribeswould soon use to assert their rights and toreassert the full dimensions of the culturalheritages their forbears had bequeathed tothem. 1. Which of the following statements fromthe first paragraph of the selection bestexpresses the main idea of that paragraph?A. By the beginning of the twentiethcentury, the Native Americans wholived in New England were farfewer than had lived in the regionthree centuries earlier.B. Many of these people lived in smallgroups on portions of lands thattheir ancestors had long occupied.C. Though fewer in number, theyhonored their tribal identities,cherished their ancestral homelands,and wanted to keep what they had.D. To help insure their heritage, NativeAmericans eventually turned to theU.S. legal system.3. According to information presented in theselection, which of the following mostinfluenced Penobscot and Passamaquoddyleaders to sue the federal government forthe return of about two-thirds of the stateof Maine?A. their continuing opposition tofederal efforts during the 1960s and1970s to encourage the assimilationof Native American groupsB. changes in the federal lawgoverning the transfer of NativeAmerican landC. demands by other Native Americangroups during the 1960s and 1970sthat the government honor its treatycommitmentsD. the tribes' contributions to thepatriot cause during the AmericanRevolution2. Which of the following best expresses theauthor's point of view?A. The author has tremendous respectfor the basic fairness of the U.S.legal system.B. The author is surprised that theNative Americans of New Englandtook so long to assert their rights.C. The author admires theaccomplishments of the NativeAmericans discussed in theselection.D. The author believes that the legalsuits discussed in the selection hadlittle merit.8

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: Reading4. Which of the following provides the bestevaluation of the author's credibility?A. The author's misconceptions aboutNative American history stronglydetract from the credibility of theselection.B. Despite some misunderstandingof how the legal system works,the author presents an informedaccount of the suits discussed inthe selection.C. The author's bias against the federalgovernment strongly detracts fromthe credibility of the selection.D. Although clearly sympathetic toNative Americans, the authorpresents a balanced account oftheir efforts to assert their rights.5. Which of the following best summarizesthe main points of the selection?A. After centuries of population declineand land loss, Native Americans ofNew England employed the legalsystem to assert their rights andstrengthen the economic bases oftheir communities.B. The 1960s and 1970s marked animportant turning point in NativeAmerican history, particularly inNew England, where major tribesreclaimed lands they had lostcenturies earlier.C. Even though the Penobscots andPassamaquoddies had been reducedto two small reservations by theearly twentieth century, theyassumed an important leadershiprole among the Native Americantribes of New England.D. The legal initiatives of thePenobscots and Passamaquoddiesmade the state of Maine a leadingcenter of Native American activismthroughout the closing decades ofthe twentieth century.9

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingRead the passage below, written in the style of a college history textbook.Then answer the five questions that follow.A Bill of Rights1 As members of the ConstitutionalConvention completed their work inPhiladelphia during the fall of 1787, they hadgood reason to be proud of what they hadaccomplished. Despite serious divisions overquestions of representation and related issues,they had managed to fashion a new form ofgovernment—one that would enable theUnited States to become the great nationthey believed it to be. This achievementnotwithstanding, they knew they could notbecome complacent, for one task stillremained. The new government had to beratified by at least nine of the thirteen states,and not everyone outside the Philadelphiaconvention hall shared the founders' positiveview of their creation.2 The main opponents of the newgovernment formed a group known as theAnti-Federalists. Unlike proponents of theConstitution, most of whom hailed from urbancenters and prosperous rural areas, the bulkof Anti-Federalist support came from smallfarmers who had a deep fear of centralizedpower. As they saw it, the new governmentrepresented a betrayal of revolutionary idealsand posed as grave a threat to Americanliberty as the British monarchy once had. Inmaking their case against the Constitution,Anti-Federalist orators drew numerousparallels between the Loyalists who hadbacked Great Britain in 1776 and the politicalleaders now calling for a stronger federalgovernment. In each case, they claimed, onecould detect the plots and intrigues of selfinterestedindividuals who had no qualmsabout submerging "every worthy principlebeneath the shrine of ambition."3 Apart from these general objections, theAnti-Federalists found several features of theConstitution particularly troubling. One wasthe power of Congress to raise standing armiesduring peacetime. This, they feared, wouldresult in the formation of a mercenary armywhose only loyalty was to the powerfulofficials who had created it. Another set ofobjections centered on the taxing power of thenew government. Given the broad grant ofauthority made to Congress, they asked, whyshould it act any differently in this regard thanParliament had? As Patrick Henry observed,nothing in the Constitution preventedgovernment officials from exploiting thetaxpaying public. The Virginia orator thenwent on to sketch a frightening picture ofan all-powerful president "supported inextravagant magnificence" by corruptlegislators capable of "laying what taxesthey please, giving themselves what salariesthey please, and suspending our laws at theirpleasure."4 The Anti-Federalists were also concernedabout the place of the states in the new systemof government. According to traditionalpolitical theory, sovereignty was indivisible.This meant that lesser governmental bodiescould not effectively share power with acentral authority. Anti-Federalists feared thatindividual states would have insufficientpower to order their own affairs under the newframe of government. They further noted thatthe Constitution did not contain a bill of rights.This, they believed, was no oversight on thepart of the framers, but reflected their generaldisdain for the liberties of American citizens.10

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: Reading5 This was a powerful critique. To meetthese attacks and secure ratification of theConstitution, its supporters had to do muchmore than simply demonstrate that the newgovernment corrected the deficiencies of thegovernment it was replacing. They also had toshow that it could meet the nation's needswithout threatening the liberties of Americancitizens. Doing so proved more difficult thanexpected, largely because so many peoplewere troubled by the new government's lack ofa bill of rights. It was not until June 1788 thatthe Constitution became the law of the land.That the first Congress elected under the newcharter wasted little time adding a bill of rightsto the Constitution was a tribute to the force ofthe Anti-Federalists' arguments. 6. Which of the following statements bestexpresses the main idea of the selection?A. Memories of the recent struggleagainst Great Britain heightenedAnti-Federalist concerns aboutgovernmental corruption andexcessive taxation.B. Being for the most part smallfarmers, the Anti-Federalists werefearful of the formation of a mercenarystanding army that wouldhave no loyalty to the people.C. The framers of the Constitutionwere surprised that so many peopleagreed with the Anti-Federalistcritique of the new governmentcreated by the document.D. Although Anti-Federalist oppositionto the Constitution did notprevent ratification, it did force theConstitution's framers to addresspotential threats to individualliberties.7. The author's main purpose in this selectionis to:A. describe Anti-Federalist objectionsto the Constitution.B. narrate the process by which theConstitution was drafted andratified.C. evaluate the advantages anddisadvantages of the Constitution.D. analyze the motives of the framersof the Constitution.8. According to information presented in theselection, a major difference between theAnti-Federalists and supporters of theConstitution was that the Anti-Federalists:A. were more concerned about thethreat of governmental tyranny.B. did not believe government servedany useful purpose.C. were more concerned about futuredevelopments than past events.D. believed Great Britain stillthreatened American liberties.11

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: Reading9. Which of the following assumptions mostinfluenced the author's account in the finalparagraph of the selection?A. Proponents of the Constitutionlacked the political skills of theAnti-Federalists.B. Anti-Federalist criticism stronglyinfluenced the debate over theConstitution.C. Proponents of the Constitutionlacked the organizational unity ofthe Anti-Federalists.D. A large majority of Americansagreed with the Anti-Federalistcritique of the Constitution.10. Which of the following best outlines themain topics addressed in this selection?A. — The work of the ConstitutionalConvention— The Anti-Federalist campaignagainst the Constitution— The ratification of theConstitutionB. — Accomplishments of the framersof the Constitution— Arguments of leading Anti-Federalists against theConstitution— Addition of a bill of rights to theConstitutionC. — Anti-Federalist fears ofcentralized authority— Anti-Federalist views onstanding armies and taxation— Anti-Federalist views onrelations between states and thefederal governmentD. — Comparison of Anti-Federalistsand proponents of theConstitution— Comparison of Loyalists andadvocates of the Constitution— The political influence of theAnti-Federalists12

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingRead the passage below, written in the style of a college journalism textbook.Then answer the five questions that follow.Nellie Bly1 When Nellie Bly (1867–1922) landedher first job as a reporter for the PittsburghDispatch in 1885, investigative journalismwas not widely practiced. But over the nextthirty-five years, Bly's reportorial ingenuity,allied with her focus on issues of socialjustice, brought investigative reporting to newprominence and helped transform journalismin the United States.2 As a reporter for the Dispatch, Bly quicklydemonstrated the resourcefulness that wouldlater make her famous. Entering the city'smost impoverished areas, she conductedinterviews with working women and otherresidents that provided the basis for a seriesof stories on underreported topics such aspoverty, divorce, and factory work. Bly'sreputation was enhanced by an 1886–1887 tripto Mexico, where she investigated politicalcorruption and the problems of the nation'spoor. But it was not until she went to workfor Joseph Pulitzer's New York World that shebegan filing the stories that would make her ahousehold name.3 Pulitzer, who had recently moved to NewYork from St. Louis, was a major figure inU.S. journalism. Although mainly interestedin selling newspapers, he understood how thepower of the press could be employed tocreate support for social reform. And the latenineteenth century was a time when muchneeded to be reformed. This was especially soin large urban centers such as New York City,where poorly paid working people—many ofthem recent immigrants from southern andeastern Europe—often lived in filthy, crowdedtenements without any of the social servicesavailable today. As publisher of the World,Pulitzer promised to use his newspaper to"expose all fraud and sham, fight all publicevils and abuses, and do battle for the people."4 Bly would help him carry out that promisethrough her pioneering undercover work forthe World. Her first assignment, an exposé ofthe notorious New York City Lunatic Asylumon Blackwell's Island, provides a particularlygood example. Feigning mental illness, Blyhad herself committed for ten days in order toexperience the conditions from an inmate'spoint of view. The resulting story caused asensation that, in addition to selling countlessnewspapers, prompted urgently neededchanges in the treatment of patients.5 Bly was soon filing a new story everyweek as a crusading "stunt" reporter, ajournalistic approach that was a forerunner ofthe investigative reporting of a later period.On one occasion, she posed as a maid for astory on employment agencies that tookadvantage of poor, uneducated women. Onanother occasion, she posed as an unwedmother for a story on trafficking in newbornbabies that revealed they could be purchasedfrom brokers for as little as ten dollars withoutany questions being asked. She also wentundercover to investigate bribery in the NewYork State Legislature, where she exposed theillegal operations of political lobbyists, at leastone of whom was forced to leave the state.6 Not all of Bly's stories advanced thecrusade against injustice and corruption. Inaddition, she did her share of lightweightreporting. Indeed, the story for which she isbest known was a pure publicity stunt. InNovember 1889 she traveled around the worldin an attempt to beat the fictional record set inJules Verne's novel Around the World inEighty Days; she made it in seventy-two—tothe accompaniment of two and a half monthsof hyperbolic coverage in Pulitzer's paper.Nevertheless, championing the cause of poor13

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: Readingworking women was a prominent theme inBly's reporting. Along the way, she broughtsignificant changes to her profession. Inaddition to her groundbreaking work as aninvestigative reporter, she helped removebarriers to women's employment as journalistsand served as a model for other womenseeking work in the field. 11. Which of the following statements bestexpresses the main idea of this selection?A. Despite the sensation Bly's exposureof the New York City LunaticAsylum caused, she is bestremembered for her trip aroundthe world.B. Bly's reporting not only contributedto the development of innovativejournalistic techniques but alsohelped effect important socialchanges.C. Although readers thought highly ofthe investigative reporting Bly didfor the Pittsburgh Dispatch, she wasmost celebrated for the stories shepublished in the New York World.D. During her thirty-five years asa crusading reporter, Bly filednumerous stories that exposed theexploitation of working women andthe poor.12. Which of the following best describes theauthor's main reason for writing aboutBly's "resourcefulness" in the secondparagraph of the selection?A. to inform readers about Bly's levelof educationB. to help readers understand thedifficulties that women journalistsfaced in the late nineteenth centuryC. to stress the importance ofobjectivity in journalismD. to emphasize the intelligence andimagination that Bly brought toher work13. Information presented in the selectionbest supports which of the followingconclusions?A. Bly had little respect for theordinary journalism of her day.B. Bly's concerns about social injusticedeclined after she left the PittsburghDispatch.C. Bly exhibited considerable courageand adaptability as a reporter.D. Bly's reporting made Joseph Pulitzera leading personality in U.S.journalism.14

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: Reading14. Which of the following statements fromthe selection best expresses an opinionrather than a fact?A. The late nineteenth century wasa time when much needed to bereformed.B. On one occasion, Bly posed as amaid for a story on employmentagencies that took advantage ofpoor, uneducated women.C. Not all of Bly's stories advancedthe crusade against injustice andcorruption.D. Nevertheless, championing thecause of poor working women was aprominent theme in Bly's reporting.15. Which of the following best outlines themain topics addressed in this selection?A. — Reporting for the PittsburghDispatch— Joseph Pulitzer and U.S.journalism— Bly's most widely read storyB. — Establishing a reputation as aresourceful reporter— Bly's undercover work for theNew York World— Assessment of Bly's journalisticcontributionsC. — From Pittsburgh to Mexico— Exposing the New York CityLunatic Asylum— Bly's work as a "stunt" reporterD. — Obtaining a position with theNew York World— Late nineteenth-century urbanproblems— How Bly helped Pulitzerpromote social reform15

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingRead the passage below, written in the style of a popular magazine.Then answer the five questions that follow.Rainbows1 Does a rainbow point the way to a pot ofburied gold, as stated in popular folklore? Oris it the multicolored serpent some people inAsia, Australia, and Brazil see streakingacross the sky? Others see a rainbow as aheavenly bridge connecting this world and theworld beyond. Among Arabs and some Bantuin central Africa, it is the bow for God's arrow;to early Christians, it was the throne of Christ;and among the Nandi, Masai, and CaliforniaYuki, it is the robe of God. To twenty-firstcenturyscientists, it is something quitedifferent. For them, the band of soft colorsthat arcs across the sky simply shows thespectrum of the colors in sunlight spread outby raindrops.2 How does it happen? Perhaps the bestplace to begin is by noting that sunlight iswhite light. Although white light containscolors, they are blended together; no color isvisible until the light strikes an object. Whenthat occurs, the object struck reflects one ormore colors in the light while absorbing orrefracting the others. The reflected light is thecolor the object appears to be when viewedwith the human eye. Whereas solid objectssend unabsorbed colors back to the eye,transparent objects such as glass or water bendthe light as it passes through them. Thisbending is called refraction. A rainbow iscaused by drops of water that both refract andreflect the light rays that enter them.3 Of the two processes, refraction plays aparticularly important role in the formation ofrainbows. This is so because when light isrefracted, each color is bent at a slightlydifferent angle. As a result, the colors in thelight separate, and it is then that the eye seesthe spectrum of light we call a rainbow. In thespectrum, red light bends the least and violetlight bends the most. Orange, yellow, green,and blue—always in that order—rangebetween them. Hence, a rainbow is red acrossthe top and violet on the inner side of the arc.And in every rainbow, whether caused bysunlight striking raindrops high in the sky orwater dripping from a garden hose in thebackyard, the colors will appear in the sameorder.4 Rainbows in the sky appear only when theviewer is between the sun and the moist air.So they are most often seen early or late in theday when the sun is low and there is rain inthe area of the sky toward which the sun isshining. Each point on a rainbow is caused bythe interaction of sunlight with a different dropof water. Sometimes only a short length ofcolor is visible, which means that no drops ofwater are in other areas of the sky.5 As to the pot of gold, even if such atreasure were buried at the end of a rainbow, itcould never be found. Any effort to discoverthis treasure is doomed to failure becausewhenever a viewer moves underneath thedrops that form a rainbow, it disappears.Rainbows exist only when the positionsbetween the light rays, the raindrops, and theobserver's vision align in the proper angles.When the angles change, the spectrum ofvisible colors vanishes. 16

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: Reading16. Which of the following statements fromthe second paragraph of the selection bestexpresses the main idea of that paragraph?A. Although white light containscolors, they are blended together; nocolor is visible until the light strikesan object.B. The reflected light is the color theobject appears to be when viewedwith the human eye.C. Whereas solid objects sendunabsorbed colors back to the eye,transparent objects such as glass orwater bend the light as it passesthrough them.D. A rainbow is caused by drops ofwater that both refract and reflectthe light rays that enter them.17. Which of the following best describes theauthor's main purpose in the selection?A. to explore the significance ofrainbows in various culturesB. to analyze a popular fable aboutrainbowsC. to describe how rainbows areformed and appear to the human eyeD. to examine the spectrum of colors inrainbows18. According to information presented in theselection, all rainbows are red across thetop because the color red:A. is more visible to the eye than othercolors in a rainbow.B. is refracted less than other colors ina rainbow.C. is both refracted and reflected by thewater in a rainbow.D. is the brightest of the differentcolors in a rainbow.19. Which of the following facts from theselection best supports the author'scontention that even if a pot of gold wereburied at the end of a rainbow, it couldnever be found?A. When light is refracted, each ofthe colors in the light is bent ata slightly different angle.B. Regardless of where a rainbowappears, its range of colors willalways be in the same order.C. Whenever a viewer moves underneaththe raindrops that form arainbow, it disappears.D. Each of the points on a rainbow isformed by the interaction of sunlightwith a different drop of water.17

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: Reading20. Which of the following best outlines themain topics addressed in this selection?A. — The folklore of rainbows— The formation and arrangementof the colors in a rainbow— When rainbows appear— The reason why one can neversee the end of a rainbowB. — The fable of the pot of goldburied at the end of a rainbow— Conditions under whichreflected and refracted light arevisible to the eye— Rainbows and the interaction ofsunlight and drops of waterC. — The scientific definition of arainbow— The different colors in whitelight— The different colors in arainbow— When rainbows are most visibleD. — Pots of gold and multicoloredserpents— The bending of light as it passesthrough transparent objects— The different colors in arainbow— Looking at rainbows fromdifferent perspectives18

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingRead the passage below, written in the style of a college course assignment.Then answer the five questions that follow.Sociology 110: The Research Project1 The major assignment for this semester isto conduct a sociological research project.The research subject will be one of yourown choosing. Your research method must,however, be based on the established researchprotocols that we began to employ last term.The main steps in that procedure are outlinedbelow.2 The best way to begin is by asking, Whatdo I want to learn more about? Doing sowill enable you to identify the topic of yourresearch. Once you have done that, you needto define the problem you will be studying.This requires developing a researchablequestion. You may, for example, be interestedin the problems associated with aging incontemporary society. Your primary aim atthis point in your research is to determinewhat specific problem you want to look at andthe question you want to answer about thattopic.3 While narrowing the focus of yourresearch, it is important that you consult theexisting literature on the topic you will beexamining, particularly recent work in thearea. Reading these studies will providehelpful background information on what otherscholars have discovered concerning yourresearch topic and will reduce the likelihoodthat you will duplicate their efforts; with somuch to be done, you want to add to what wealready know and not be reinventing thewheel. Your review of the literature shouldalso suggest useful questions to ask in yourown research.4 The next step is to formulate a hypothesis.This is a testable statement that predicts whatyou expect your findings will demonstrate.You also need to include a discussion of theway in which you plan to test your hypothesis.5 Once that has been accomplished, youshould be ready to develop a research design.First, determine the most appropriate methodfor collecting and analyzing data. Thenprepare a detailed research proposal outliningthe data collection techniques you will beemploying, the questions you will be asking ofthe data, and the approach you will be using toanalyze your findings.6 You can now begin collecting the data.Be careful to avoid error and bias. Rememberthat you are not trying to prove a point but totest the hypothesis you have proposed. Alldata must be recorded, not just informationthat supports the hypothesis.7 Once your research is completed, youneed to analyze the data. Your aim here is toconstruct generalizations that relate yourfindings to your hypothesis. You should doso in a way that leaves no doubt about yourposition. Your readers deserve as clear astatement as possible indicating your position.Don't disappoint them. An equivocal analysisis like a cup of warm water on a hot day.8 The final step is to prepare the researchreport. In it, you should describe the nature ofthe project, review pertinent elements of theliterature, state your hypothesis, discuss theresearch design, and detail your findings.You should also include a discussion of anyproblems that you encountered and how youresolved them. In stating your conclusions, besure to explain how your findings support,disprove, or modify the theories you employedto examine the problem that was the focus ofyour research. 19

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: Reading21. Which of the following statements bestexpresses the main idea of the selection?A. The most important task in conductingsociological research is tofind a topic that one wants to learnmore about.B. When conducting sociologicalresearch, it is absolutely necessaryto read the existing literature on thetopic.C. The most important task in conductingsociological research is tostate your findings clearly.D. When conducting sociologicalresearch, it is absolutely necessaryto follow standard researchprocedures.22. In paragraph 3, the author cautionsstudents about not "reinventing thewheel." The most likely reason theauthor does so is to warn them aboutthe danger of:A. focusing on an insignificantproblem.B. posing questions for which thereare no clear answers.C. redoing the work of others.D. making the task more complex thanit needs to be.23. According to information presented in theselection, which of the following steps inthe sociological research process shouldcome first?A. examining studies of the researchtopic by other sociologistsB. formulating a testable hypothesisC. preparing a detailed researchproposalD. selecting a data collection method24. In paragraph 7, the author compares an"equivocal analysis" to "a cup of warmwater on a hot day." The author uses thisanalogy to illustrate the idea that readersare likely to find an equivocal analysis:A. confusing.B. inappropriate.C. irrelevant.D. unsatisfying.25. According to information presented in theselection, researchers must be most carefulabout distorting the validity of theiranalysis when:A. developing a research design.B. collecting and recording data.C. reviewing the existing literature.D. formulating a hypothesis.20

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingRead the passage below, written in the style of a college science textbook.Then answer the five questions that follow.Wind Chill1 Life in a cold climate gets considerablycolder whenever the wind blows. Even a lightwind can take the pleasure out of a walk on asunny winter day. At such moments, the windseems to blow away all the sun's warmth.Known as wind chill, this cooling sensationmakes the air feel more frigid than it actuallyis. The reason for this phenomenon is thatthe wind is blowing away body heat, therebycreating an effective temperature that is indeedcolder for living organisms than what thethermometer reads.2 On a calm day, the human bodycan partially insulate itself from coolertemperatures around it by warming up alayer of air next to the skin. This is calledthe boundary layer. When the wind blows,it pulls the "boundary layer" away from thebody; it also evaporates any moisture on theskin, which draws additional heat from thebody. In warm weather, this can bringwelcome, if temporary, relief from the heat.But on a cold day, wind chill can causeextreme discomfort and might even becomedangerous if one's body temperature dropstoo low.3 The speed of the wind is the maindeterminant of the chill's intensity. Whencombined with air temperature and the amountof heat lost by one square meter of skin in anhour, wind speed can be used to calculate the"wind chill factor." This is the effectivetemperature that a person feels on a windyday. As data presented in the accompanyingchart illustrate, the faster the wind blows, thecolder the air will feel striking the bare skin ofpeople exposed to it.4 It must be emphasized that wind changes aperson's "sensible temperature," not the actualtemperature of the air. An individual standingin wind feels colder than a person protectedfrom the wind because the person in thewind loses body heat more rapidly. It is thesensation caused by the loss of body heat thatis the wind chill. Thus, only living beingsthat generate and lose body heat experiencewind chill. A car or a lamppost outdoors ona cold, windy day will cool only to the actualtemperature indicated by the thermometer, andnot to the temperature created by the windchill.5 In a cold climate, it is very importantthat people know the wind chill factor whenplanning to be outdoors for any length of time.The wind chill speeds up the rate at which thebody loses heat; heat loss, in turn, can resultin life-threatening conditions such ashypothermia and frostbite. A howling windon a frigid day can be especially dangerous fortall, slim people, who lose heat much morerapidly than shorter, heavier people do. Buteveryone should be aware of the risks and takeappropriate steps to guard against the effectsof extreme wind chill. This means dressingwarmly in clothing designed to protect theboundary layer and keep in the heat.21

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingTemperature (°F)35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 –5 –10 –15 –20 –25 –30 –35MPHEquivalent Temperature of Wind Chill Index (°F)calm 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 –5 –10 –15 –20 –25 –30 –355 33 27 21 16 12 7 1 –6 –11 –15 –20 –26 –31 –35 –4110 21 16 9 2 –2 –9 –15 –22 –27 –31 –38 –45 –52 –58 –6415 16 11 1 –6 –11 –18 –25 –33 –40 –45 –51 –60 –65 –70 –7820 12 3 –4 –9 –17 –24 –32 –40 –46 –52 –60 –68 –76 –81 –8825 7 0 –7 –15 –22 –29 –37 –45 –52 –58 –67 –75 –83 –89 –9630 5 –2 –11 –18 –26 –33 –41 –49 –56 –63 –70 –78 –87 –94 –10135 3 –4 –13 –20 –27 –35 –43 –52 –60 –67 –72 –83 –90 –98 –10540 1 –4 –15 –22 –29 –36 –45 –54 –62 –69 –76 –87 –94 –101 –10745 1 –6 –17 –24 –31 –38 –46 –54 –63 –70 –78 –87 –94 –101 –10850 0 –7 –17 –24 –31 –38 –47 –56 –63 –70 –79 –88 –96 –103 –110 26. Which of the following statements bestexpresses the main idea of the secondparagraph?A. When the wind draws the boundarylayer away from the body on awarm day, it creates a pleasantcooling sensation.B. The body's boundary layer functionsdifferently in cold weather than itdoes in warm weather.C. When the wind draws the boundarylayer away from the body on a coldday, it causes discomfort and ispotentially harmful.D. The body's boundary layer providesgreater protection in warm weatherthan in cold weather.27. Which of the following best describesthe author's reason for using the term"effective temperature" in the first andthird paragraphs of the selection?A. to indicate to readers that the authoris discussing the temperature peopleactually experience on a windy dayB. to help readers understand how thewind chill factor is calculatedC. to indicate to readers that the authoris discussing the cooling sensationcaused by the wind on a cold dayD. to help readers appreciate the effectsof prolonged exposure to the cold ona windy day22

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: Reading28. People living in a cold climate could bestuse the information presented in the chartto help determine:A. how long cold, windy conditions arelikely to persist.B. how high to set the thermostat intheir home on a cold, windy day.C. what time of day it is likely to becoldest.30. According to information presented in thechart, what would the wind chill factor beon a day when the temperature is 20°F andthe wind is blowing at 30 miles per hour?A. 3°B. –18°C. –78°D. –81°D. what type of clothes to wear outsideon a cold, windy day.29. If the author wished to make the selectionmore concise without sacrificingimportant information, he or she couldbest do so by deleting which of thefollowing paragraphs?A. the second paragraphB. the third paragraphC. the fourth paragraphD. the fifth paragraph23

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingDIRECTIONS FOR THE VOCABULARY SECTIONOF THE READING SUBTESTThe vocabulary section of the reading subtest consists of six questions. Each question asks you to define theunderlined word.Write or print your responses on the Response Sheet provided in this booklet.24

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingVOCABULARY QUESTIONS AND RESPONSE SHEET31. Define the word abstain.32. Define the word candid.33. Define the word deprive.34. Define the word allegiance.35. Define the word transient.36. Define the word infringe.25

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingPRACTICE TEST RESULTS26

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingPRACTICE TEST RESULTS OVERVIEWThe practice test provides valuable information regarding your preparedness for the MTEL Communication andLiteracy Skills (01): Reading subtest. In this section, you will find information and tools to help you determineyour preparedness on the various sections of the test.Multiple-Choice Questions and Vocabulary SectionA Multiple-Choice Question and Vocabulary Section Answer Key Worksheet is provided to assist you inevaluating your multiple-choice and vocabulary responses. Sample Responses are also provided for thevocabulary questions. The first column of the worksheet indicates the multiple-choice question or vocabularyquestion number, the second column indicates the objective to which the test question was written, and the thirdcolumn indicates, for multiple-choice questions, the correct response. The remaining columns are for your use incalculating the number of multiple-choice and vocabulary questions you answered correctly or incorrectly.An Evaluation Chart for the multiple-choice questions and vocabulary questions is also provided to help youassess which content covered by the test objectives may require additional study.Total TestPractice Test Score Calculation information is provided to help you estimate your score on the practice test.Although you cannot use this practice test to precisely predict how you might score on an official MTELCommunication and Literacy Skills: Reading subtest, you may be able to determine your degree of readiness totake an MTEL test at an operational administration. No passing score has been determined for the practice test.27

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingMULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTION AND VOCABULARY SECTIONANSWER KEY WORKSHEETMultiple-Choice SectionQuestion Objective Correct Your ResponseNumber Number Response Correct? Incorrect?1 0002 C2 0003 C3 0004 C4 0005 D5 0006 A6 0002 D7 0003 A8 0004 A9 0005 B10 0006 B11 0002 B12 0003 D13 0004 C14 0005 A15 0006 B16 0002 D17 0003 C18 0004 B19 0005 C20 0006 A21 0002 D22 0003 C23 0004 A24 0005 D25 0006 B26 0002 C27 0003 A28 0004 D29 0005 C30 0006 B28

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingMULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTION AND VOCABULARY SECTIONANSWER KEY WORKSHEET (continued)Vocabulary SectionRefer to the Vocabulary Section Sample Responses that follow for examples ofcorrect and incorrect responses.Question Objective Your ResponseNumber Number Correct? Incorrect?31 000132 000133 000134 000135 000136 0001Count the number of multiple-choice questions you answered correctly:Count the number of vocabulary questions you answer correctly:Total multiple-choice and vocabulary questions you answered correctly:____________29

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingVOCABULARY SECTION SAMPLE RESPONSESVocabulary Question #31:Define the word abstain.Sample Incorrect Response:to forget, or to remember something incorrectlySample Correct Response:to hold back from doing something, like casting a voteVocabulary Question #32:Define the word candid.Sample Incorrect Response:a word meaning expecting to be heardSample Correct Response:frank and to the pointVocabulary Question #33:Define the word deprive.Sample Incorrect Response:to grow and prosper, often in an unknown placeSample Correct Response:to not let someone have something that they want or need30

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingVocabulary Question #34:Define the word allegiance.Sample Incorrect Response:an allegiance is a sign, or to sign using a method of codes, such as taps,smoke, or flagsSample Correct Response:loyalty; for example, "I pledge allegiance to the flag" means being loyal tothe government the flag representsVocabulary Question #35:Define the word transient.Sample Incorrect Response:to go against what is considered normal, but in a bad waySample Correct Response:happening for only a brief period31

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingVocabulary Question #36:Define the word infringe.Sample Incorrect Response:infringe means to put a border around something, it could be a piece offabric or a countrySample Correct Response:to violate or go over the line. for example: The authorities infringed on ourright to demonstrate peacefully outside the building when they ordered policeto move us along.32

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingMULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTION AND VOCABULARY SECTIONPRACTICE TEST EVALUATION CHARTIn the evaluation chart that follows, the multiple-choice questions are arranged in numerical order and by testobjective. Check your responses against the correct responses provided to determine how many questions withineach test objective you answered correctly.Vocabulary SectionObjective 0001: Determine the meaning of words and phrases.31_____ 32_____ 33_____ 34_____ 35_____ 36__________/6Multiple-Choice SectionObjective 0002: Understand the main idea and supporting details in written material.1C_____ 6D_____ 11B_____ 16D_____ 21D_____ 26C__________/6Objective 0003: Identify a writer's purpose, point of view, and intended meaning.2C_____ 7A_____ 12D_____ 17C_____ 22C_____ 27A__________/6Objective 0004: Analyze the relationship among ideas in written material.3C_____ 8A_____ 13C_____ 18B_____ 23A_____ 28D__________/6Objective 0005: Use critical reasoning skills to evaluate written material.4D_____ 9B_____ 14A_____ 19C_____ 24D_____ 29C__________/6Objective 0006: Apply skills for outlining and summarizing written materials andinterpreting information presented in graphic form.5A_____ 10B_____ 15B_____ 20A_____ 25B_____ 30B__________/633

Communication and Literacy Skills (01) Practice Test: ReadingPRACTICE TEST SCORE CALCULATIONThe practice test score calculation is provided so that you may better gauge your performance and degree ofreadiness to take an MTEL test at an operational administration. Although the results of this practice test may beused as one indicator of potential strengths and weaknesses in your knowledge of the content on the official test, itis not possible to predict precisely how you might score on an official MTEL test.How to Calculate Your Practice Test ScoreReview the directions in the sample below and then use the blank practice test score calculation worksheet belowto calculate your estimated score.SAMPLETotal Practice Test Score (Estimated MTEL Score)Enter the total number of multiple-choice and vocabulary questions you 21answered correctly:Use Table 1 below to convert that number to the score and write your score in Box A A: 126to estimate your MTEL score:Table 1Practice Test Score Calculation Worksheet: Communication and Literacy Skills: ReadingNumber ofMultiple-Choiceand VocabularyQuestions CorrectEstimatedMTELScoreNumber ofMultiple-Choiceand VocabularyQuestions CorrectEstimatedMTELScore0 to 18 100 27 to 28 19819 to 20 102 29 to 30 22221 to 22 126 31 to 32 24623 to 24 150 33 to 34 27025 to 26 174 35 to 36 294YOUR SCOREUse the form below to calculate your estimated practice test score.Total Practice Test Score (Estimated MTEL Score)Enter the total number of multiple-choice and vocabulary questions you answeredcorrectly:Use Table 1 above to convert that number to the score and write your score in Box A A:to estimate your MTEL score:34