tsOOK DEPARTN4ENT 'WHAT

tsOOK SERVNCE DEPARTN4ENTATLANTICA offers the Italian books listed belor'v at a gr:eat saving on current prices. Anoi 15/o is alloted to every paid subscriber. No extra charge for postage.ATLANTICA u'ill also obtain for its readers any book published in this country at the publisher'sdiscolrnt oi -10/o(rn'ith the exception of text-books) to all subscribers who have-paid foi one yearNo charge for postage.discountprice, less ain advance.FictionSAPONAROProro r FnrtcnscrCAidPANILEAcosro, rrocrrr vll TIcoNosco .LIPPARINII ruccottr or CurrclrlNo . .VARALDOLa stcxontxe Losltcnrr- ...}{ARTINISr serlca I -\ru' \'onx .. ..S\IEVO Lr Cost rrrz.r or ZesoCriticism and EssayPREZZOLINILa ctrrrns Ir-{Lr.rs\ ....GIUSSOIL'vt-lsn-ltte r te STAT UETONELLIPprnancl.......OJETTIBelro o BRUTToI-ATTANZIIllrresno ..... -$1.50DramaPIRANDELLOLtzztpoQuesre srne sr REcrr-{ ACour rv Mr vuor ... .Biographybr.uu s. AGoSTINoCoNrrssroxr (Nrw rnawsrlrrox).$1.20 LrppARrNIVrncrrro$1.20 FABIETTIGutralor$1.20 \TAZZUC:dF.LLIL'rlrrrtlrttce sENzA rrrPERo$ 1.20s 1.20$1.s0$1.20$ 1.50Travel$ 1.00$1.00$ 1.00$2.5 0$ 1.60$1.50$ 1.60FRACCAROLISllcNa rrclxrADoRA -.....BP'F,ZZICrryro cronxt Dr PRrcoNrA NELLAoesr or Currl $1.50MiscellaneousPANZINILl prxumrMl voo-cSend orders uitJr, ch,eckBOOK SERVTCE,33 W. 70rn Srnprr,or money ord,er toATLANTICANrw Yonr< CrryMONELLILr scarre ll soLE ., ,.i\{ARTINIFrl un srceno I l'ennoDE BLASIL'Irlrrl r crrDILcoro XIXDictionariesPETROCCHIDtzroxarto UxrvenslreDtztoulrro scoLASTIcoFANFANI E RIGUTINIVoceaolenroDE LYSLEDlztorlnro Ir-{LrANo-TNGLESE E$ 1.20$1.60$2.00$ 17.5 0$3.50$7.50rNGresE-IrALrANr2 \'oLUMEs.. $6.70ROBERTSDrzroNuro rrALrANo-TNGLESE ETNGLESE rrALrANo 1 vol. ..,... $3.00MapsN{AP OF ITALYIsrrrsro ARTr GRArrcHx-1929x 72 $1.00-48Every CwLtwred WsLtan i,w the United StrotresShould flave a Copy ofDr. James J. Walsh's Book:'WHAT CIVIIZATION OWES TO ITALY''Dn. Jarrns J. \\Iar.sHDr. Walsh's book deals comprehensir.ely with every phase ofItaly's contribution to civilization. Among the topics discussedare the follolving:PaintingSculptureArchitectureMusicArts and CraftsLiteratureE,ducationFeminine EducationREGULARItalian ScholarshipPhilosophyScience and LawMen of World InfluenceGreat Women of lt'alyItalian CitiesDiscoverers and E,xplorersItalian Artists in theUnited States CapitolPRICE: $3.00OUR PRICE, to every paid subscriber toATLANTICA" is $2.00.TO NEW SUBSCRIBERS, for a limited period of time, weare glad to offer Dr. Walsh's book together with one vear'ssubscription to ATLANTICA, for the exceptional price of $5.ADDRESS: BOOK SERVICE ATLANTICA, 33 \X/est 70th St., New York CityATLANTIC.l, I,-ol. fI -\'o 1.--Ionxar\'. 1931. Publislted. Monthly by F. Cassolq. Entered. asat East StrolLdsbttrg, Pa., ultder tke Act of March 3, 1879.Seeond-Ctoss moller, Jnnuarl',1931, at lhc Post Offic,CoPl,rioltt 1931

ATLANTiCA, JANUARY, 1931.IWANTtrDItalian College and HighSchool StudentsExcellent opportunity for ambitious young menand young ladies to pay part of their expenseswhile attending school.$3.00 and More For 2Hours' WorkFor full particulars clip the coupon and mail itto us. No obligation whatever on your part.ATLANTICA33 W. 70rs Srnrrr, Nrw Yorx CrrvI am interested in making some extra money.Name .Street .Name of SchoolCity..Please print.State.......Home Town . Age .L. Gandolfi & Co., Inc.,CHRYSLER BUILDING,4O5 Lexington Ave., New York, N. Y.,4F

ATLANTICA, JAI{UARY, 1931Atlantica' s O b ser Y ator)rThe address of His ExcellencYAmbassador I)e Martino at Nutley,N. J., on December 14th, is ofspecial in.rport to Italians in-A.melica."It is idle and superfluous," hesaicl, "to repeat that the ItalianGovernrnent approves that thoseItalians rvho have come here tosettle, become an integrant part ofthis country, good and loyal citizensof the United States, and thatthey be at all times a source ofhonor to tl'e glorious Americanfl"g."At the same time tl'e say tothenr: r'emcmher lour country oiorigin and be proud of her, acountry r,vhich has given humanitva contribution of wleich nooih.t nation in the u'orld canboast."Later in his address His Excellencyelaboratecl on a conceptwhich he hacl sketched in his Bostonaddress, as contained in theNovember issue of ATLANTICA:"No one denies that individualismis an incentive to genius andeverybody recognizes the genius o{the Italians, but such individualismis dangerous if it is made tostand fol the negation of disciplineat times when, and in fie1ds inu,hich, discipline is a beneficialforce and a virile virtue of peoplesa,nd groups. Nor'v against such degenerationof individualism u,e intenclto, ancl rve must, rise."\{r. Henly Kittredge Norton, ar'r'riter on f oreign affairs and theauthor of several books, includingone on China, expatiates on dictatorsin the Nezer Yorh Titncs forDecember 14th."\lIussolini is Mussolini," savsMr'. Nolton, "because in baiancehe appeals to the Itaiian people asthe most available leader torvardthe most ciesirable ends."So far so good. At last somepeopie in this country are comingto realize that Mussolini goven.rsbecause the Italians lyant him toleacl them.Yet in his weekly "Backgroundof Foreign Affair s" u,hiii. appearedin the Nezu J-orA'Hcrctld-Tribune of the same date. Mr. Nortondisplays a tr-emendous ignoranceof Italian economics and arraivete astonisiring for an experiencedivriter. -\ iter mentioningthe absurd report that Italianrvorkers har.e suggested the gruesomealternative of bread or "thehead of Mussolini," I{r. Nortonstates :"Mussolini's record u,ould indicatethat hc rvould not be reluctantto play the old game of a foreignAt Geneva: Peace, in idyllic dreams,and in hard reality."Il 42a" ol Florence-Fromwar to. allay domestic disconteni.Defeat abroad is preferable to revolutionat home."This is not the first time thatNIr. Norton has shou,'n his incompetenceto deal rvith Italian affairs.Students of international relationslvould c1o u'ell to consult X4r. Norton'sbook "Bacl< of War" (NervYorli, 1928), especially the chapteron Italy, if they,want to tesihis acquaintance with Italian conclitions.In that chapter Mr. Nortonrrrrote that in 1914 Italy r,vasundecided as to whether to enterthe field on the sicle of the Alliesor on that of the Centrai Porvers !We humbiv suggest to Mr. Nortonthat he stick to Chinese affairs.There are too manlr people in Ner,vYork rvho are r'vell postecl on ltalianconclitions.--.:-Judge \Viliiam Clark's ruling thatthe 1Sth Amendment r4ras unconstitr"rtionallyadopted and is thereforeinvalid, is not neu.. In fact,it brings added ernphasis to theclaims of Joseph Battaglia of Nerv\-ork concerning the unconstitutionalaspects of the Volstead Act.A 1.ear or so ago, Mr. Battagliapublished a lengthy pamphlet out-Itning Tlr,e Unconstitwtionalities ot'tJt.e Volstead Act, uitl,r, a Substitutiott,Plan, t-hich 1-ras not receivedthe attention it deserves. It is toolong to be sumnrarized here, but itis sufiicielit to sav that his line ofr-easoning. to the ia1- mind, appearsto be not unlilie that of JudgeClark. \\'ith the nation's interestaroused as to ivhat the Supren,eCourt's decision l-ill be, interestedcitizens u'ould do rvel1 to acquaintthemselves rvith both Judge Clark'sdecision and \,fr. Battaglia's viervson the subject.-tThese idealistic sculs u'ho. ostrich-like,maintain that there is nodiscrimination in this countryaganst aliens. but tlrat opliorluililyin this land of the free is open toall, are referred to the January issneof The Soutlt, Atlantic Qttarterl1',in r,i,hich NIr. Harold Fields,executive director of the NationalLeague for Americarr Citizenship,rlakes knorvn the results of a nation-u,idesur\re\r of emplo-vmentqualifications for rnore than 2,000,-000 employees.The outstandir.rg feat'.rre of thisreport is the refusai of industrialiststo emplov aliens and of manylabor unions to adrnit them to membershipso that ther-niay qualifv toearn their bread and butter. Anotherstartling fact is that about250,000 aliens are corning to thiscountry even- I'ear, able to workat good jobs. but rr'ho "are una\varethat in large measure the only positionsopen to them are those ofthe most menial and unskilledtasks." -\ glaring example of hor.vthis affects our unemploymentproblem \1-as afiorded recentlyl'hen. accordine to l.Ir. Fields. nostreet cleaners were obtainable ina citl- near Neu' York because al1those u-ho applied u'ere aliens. Theresult rras an increase in the numberof men looliing for u'ork while

IATLANTI CA OB SER\'IATORYvacancies lvent begging. This discrimination,therefore, is not con-{ined to private employers andtrade unions, but extends also tomunicipal, State and Federal bureausand departments.Such a practice is not onlY deplorableand disgraceful; it constitutes,in the real sense of the term,"playirrg polit ics at the expense oihumrn miscry."The distortion-+- . of so called unbiasednews erlanating from ltalYin the America,n press has beengood-natuledly brought into highrelief by no less a personage thanthe American Ambass,ador to ltaly,l{r. John Garrett.Some time ago, the Ambassadorand Mrs. Garrett entertained PremierMussolini at their home inRome. Nothing unusual in that.But rvhat made editors gleeful rvasthe report that, to insure safety,the Ambassaclor had had armedJoin the Movement and Knock Outthe "Ifn-".-Morris for Aclams Seraicesecretaries hiding fur'tively behindpotted pa1ms, servants equally wellequipped, and bodyguards scatteredjudiciously about. The guests\4rere Llnaware of ail this, and theaffair passed off withollt any untowardincident.When a fliencl of thc Garretts,in this country, read the item, ancicongratuiated them on having entertainedMussolini, the foilou,.ingcable was sent in reply:Erccpt for reaolaers rtsks serztantssecretari.es potted, palms cortt,ersat,td sir-sl'L,ooters tJt,e article isa ti,ssue of trwth sto P M e rryCkri,stmas.Iohn anri Altce Garrett.Will American editors believetheir own Ambassador ? Perhapsthey will hereafter scrutinize sensationalstories from Italy with alittle more of that much-needededitorial scepticism."\\,'hat do-*I think of the foreign-er and of the part he Pla1ts in ourcrime ? Horv marty alien criminalsare there in Nerv York ? You u'ii1have to rvait for ans\vers untii Ihave figures to talk about"'Thus, according to the Ii e'ru Y orkHerald Tribune of Dec. 24, PoltceCommissioner Mulrooney of NervYork ansrvered the many inquiriesmade by leporters about foreigncriminals in our midst.If ail tlre writers and oratorsu-ho indiscriminately place theblame for our crime waves on theforeigners in America would follolvComrnissioner Mulrooney's examplealrd rvould look up the offlcialstatistics on the subject, muchnonsense alout the aliens in thiscountrv \\rould be avoided.---l-The annual report of the Bureauof Naturalization for the yearending June 30, 1930, reveais thatap;olications f or citizenship f el1from 280,645 in 1929 to 62,138 ini930. According to X{r. HaroldF'ields, head of the NationalLeague of 'American Citizenship,the clecline can be attributed to alarge extent to the increase in thef ees, lvhich immigrants have notbeen able to pay in a period of depressionsuch as n'e have been un-,lergoine for the past 18 montlrs.Todav it costs a man $20 and in,o*e cir.s $2.5 to apply for firstpapers. It is astonishing that in acou,ntry which orves its progress tothe loyalty and industriousness ofits immigrants, such high barsshould be set up against them.And yet people of ten u'onderrvhy some immigrants should haveerroneous conceptions of Americanideals and institutions !- -*--Senator Vandenberg of Nlichiganprovided a graphic argumentrecentlv- against the ridiculous proposalthat alien courts be excludedfrom the census figures on r,vhichreapportionment of seats in theIlouse are to be based. Not on1,vis this plan nnconstitutional, but,more to the point, figures \\rere procluceclbv Senator Vandenberg rvhichshor,r'ed that states n'ith the largestalien populations also have the largestperceritagcs oi voting citizens.an extremely sisnificant fact. ThusNew York, r'ith aliens comprising9"/" ol the population, has a votingpopulation of 35% of the totalcount, u'hile South Carolina, rvithon11, a fern" aliens, has a votingpopulation of 4/".Where now are those nho claimthat aliens'as a rvhole do not desirecitizenship ?Some ofATLANTICASRepresentativesNEW YORK AND VICiNITYH. PolitoD. \IaderaJ. CucchiaraALBANY, N. Y.Capt. I'so I-orn['ardoO. Delfi:.roERIE, PA.ROCKFORD, ILL.Li. R. BrancaF. StaraceTRENTON, N. J.KANSAS CITY, MO.Sanr )loleyINDIANAPOLIS, IND.J. PcggianiLOS ANGELES, CAL.G. ParenteHOUSTON. TEXASMiss Jo NavarroELLWOOD CITY, PA.T. \{arziarloFRANK FRAGALEAgent For\\'csLeln Pennsy lr'ania.Southern Ohio and W. Va.Pittsburgh, Pa.CAMILLO BATTINELLIGeneral AgentForEastern Pennsylvania,So. New Jersey & DelawarePhiladelphia, Pa.r'

VERGIL'S PRIMITIVE ITALY, fuICatherine Saunders. 226 fages. NewYork: Orford, University Press. $3.00.1-f- HE author's purpose in thisI monograph has been to testthe accuracy of Vergil's picture ofprimitive Italy by the results ofarchaeological exploration and bythe testimony of ancient literature.It is of interest primarily for studentsof Vergil; the layman willhardly be interested in the scholarlyway in which the text of Vergilhas been linked up with actual factas now known.The writing of this book was begunin 1925 at the American Academyin Rome, and, appropriatelyenough, it has been published inthis, Vergi'l's bimillenary year.OUR CHANGING MARALITY, a sym'posium,. Edite'd by Fred,a Kirchzaey.,249 Pages. Neur -York: Albert ondChan'les Boni (Bonibooks) 50c./-r-\ HAT our moral concepts areI changing is an acknowtedgedfact, but whether for the better orthe worse is another matter, thespringboard of myriad discussionsand debates. This book is a compilationof opinions on sex, marriage,ethics, and kindred subjects,distinguished by the fame andauthority of its contributors, whoinclude'Bertrand Rus'sell, ArthurGarfield Hays, Joseph WoodKrutch, Floyd Dell, Ludwig I'ewisohn,and quite a few others.Though action usually precedescodes of action, still, says the editorin her preface "along the way guidanceand interpretation are deeplyneeded, if only to take the place ofthe pious imprecations of thosewho fear life and hate the dangersand uncertainties of thought andemotion." For its price, this bookis a bargain.RECON.'TRUCTINGuard. 7'homPson..Yorh: Lincoln MacPress. $4.00.tTt HE Indian question, whichI sprang into such prominencelast summer through MahatmaGandhi's policy of passive fesistance,is still a burning one. Therecently opened Round Table Conferenceat London has served tobring the question once rnore to theBooks In Revle\MIllu^rtrated.' Newfore.Edward Thompson, an authorityon matters Indian, gives, in thisbook, the history of Indian agitationfor self-government, culminatingin the present revolt underGandhi, an analysis of India'sproblem, and a final plea for dominionstatus as the only way out.Probably, in the cold light of reason,this is the only way out, butthere is Great Britain to consider.The author says in his preface:"The least thing that is happeningis that the British Empire is changingbefore our eyes, and is passingthrough its greatest test in thememory of man. It is being decidedwhether East and West shalllay their long feud to rest, and anAsiatic nation be received as anequal partner by "WesternPower." It is truly a tremendoustest, but Great Britain has f acedmany such before, and surmountedthem.THE TALKIES, by Arthur E. Krouss.illustrated. Neu York: Henry Holt& Co. $2.00./T\HIS book on the talkies wiilI not interest those who careonly for the movies they see, andthe featured players, and whethertheir companion is enjoying the picture,and whether they will be ableto get good seats. Briefly, this is adescription of the technical processesattendant upon this newest ofthe arts. The talking picture is themost complicated art man has everdevised. No single man's handiworkis outstanding in it; it is thecombined and necessarily co-operativework, often of hundreds of differentpeople and personalities.And herein is set down the machineryinvolved in the productionof a talking picture.INDIA. tu Ed- OPEN ALL NIGHT, by PauI Morand.198 pages. New Yo,rk: Albert &leagh, The Dint Charles Boni (Bonibooks) 50c-TTAUL MORAND'S MOSI WCII.f known book in this country is"New York." The present book isreally a collection of short storiesand tales, all of a foreign, exoticcharacter-('The Catalonian Night,""The Roman Night," "The TurkishNight," "The Six-Day Night," "TheHungarian Night," and ''The BalticNight." I-ike Pierre Milie ofFrance, the author is known for thestrange, lingeringly exotic qualityof his stories-they seem so foreignand unreal, and they mostly are.IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY, or,Concentration the Key to Mental Mastery.By Bertrand Lyon. 252 pdges..Boston: Lothrop, Lee & Shelard Co.$2.50.rT1 HIS is essentially a sane,I sensible and practical bookwhich avoids purely theoretical discussionsof iittle real value. ProfessorLyon bases his whole courseon three great principles: Concentration,Association, Repetition, anddevelops each one so as to aid thosewho wouid have their memoriesstrengthened, and who would not?It is certainly a useful book, andone cannot but find some morsel ofthought to meditate over and takeadvantage of. Prof. Lyon is alsothe author of "Practical PublicSpeaking."MAN AND SOCIETY, An Introductionto SocioloSy. By Francis t. Haas,Ph.D. The Centu,ry Cotholic CollegeTerts. '156pages. Neza Vork: ThcCemtury Company.TaHIS is one of those compre-I hensive college textbooks thatattempts to cover the whole field ofsociology, and must therefore, realizingthe immensity of the task, besubtitled "An Introduction to Sociology."The vastness of the subjectmatter can be realized by aglance at a few of the chapter headings,all greatly sub-divided: TheOrigin of Man; Human Personaiity;Rights and Duties; Justice;Charity and Equity; History of theFamily; Functions of the Family;Origin and Functions of the State;Property-Historical Development ;Social Foundations of PrivateOwnership; the Problem of Wages;and the Problems of the Farm.The contents and arrangement ofthe text are the outgrowth of eightyears-part of college class work on theof the iuthor at llarquetteUniversity and St. Francis Seminarv.The effect of this is evidentin the summary al the beginning ofeach chapter and the review questionsat the end. Yet it can be ofprofit to others besides collegestudents.

ATI,ANTIt,AThe Italian Monthly ReviewFounded in 1923coNTnNTS FOR JANUARY, t93lI.nn Wonr-r's DTLEMMA . ". .A. O. Olivetti 7\[,'rrrr Bnr,rnAMr AT rsn Hn,rowATERS oF rrrn Mrsstsstppl Giovanni Schiavo 9Rncnlcr lrerrlN Ltrrn.truRnGiuseppe Prezzolini l3AN Iralran Anr Evnur .. .. . .Arturo Lancellotti 15Rou.lN Bexqunrs . . . Clara Manderschied 19Clnrono on Maceruso? ....Dominick Lamonica 2IA .Frrua,irlcra.r. Haerru Ex.tnrrx.trroN . .. . ..Ulerryle S. Rukeyser 23fr.tr,v's ooDopollvoRo" MovEMENr, Part 2.. ... .Bmno Roselli 26Dnnalrs,apoem ....DorothyButtaravoli 28'frrn AssassrN oF rHE Tnnns, a short story . . Grazia Deledda 29Mussor-rNr's Mnss,rcn ro AMERTcAOun OwN Wonr,r on Lnrrrns 34frery eNr CIvrr-rz.lrrorv 36Trrn Larn or Nnur 37Wrro's WHo .. . .. . . 38Fnorrrns: Judge Forte of Boston ...... . 40'l'rrn Irarr.Lr.rs rN THE Ururrpt Sre'ros4lA Mrwltrune Axrsorocv or h'lrr.Lx Lrrnnnrune (In ltalian) .. . 46Arraxrtca's Ossnnv,{ronY . ... 2Boor

ATLANTICA, JANUARY, 1937COSTANTINO BELTRAMIthe discoverer of the source of the MississippiRiver

Thn W'rlJ', Dllemmob, A.O. OlivelfiEJitoniol Sfnit'n fon A*olJo M'.,oli'i'. "Dopolo J'lt"li"" "fl\4il"n.OMETIIIBS I think thatthe inhabitants of theplanet Mavs or of someother star near Lrs are able tosee and hear, and that they take,,lelight, with their latest modeltelesc,ope ancl some form ofpori'erful raclio, in manifestingcuriosity as to what is goingon in this lower world of ours.If that is the case, the,v rnustceltainly marvel at the intenseclisorder now rampant on ourplanct, where there is no nationthat is tranquil, rvhile a greattpheaval is throwing all its'1reoples into endless conflict.If in fact we are not actuallyrvaging real war at present,there is in the air the expectancyof new and tremendousconflicts, and cil.il wars are occup5.ing,hesiiles the tr'al East,the entire continent of SouthArnerica, while India is virtutrll;in rebellion, and Boishevisrn,which constitutes anotherrvar, is dominating Russia ancla great part of Asia. Economicilepression is permeatingeverywhere, not sparing eventhe wealthiest nations, while itis reducing the poorest to extremestraits. trYorld, unrest ismore extensive than the trYorldtr\rar, for today there are noneutral nations. Nor can thereposslbly be &n)-, consideringiire interdependence of marketsand the strbstantial unity of internationaleconomy.Among such a vast confusionolle can just discern, among thetumultuously-operating fo rces,a few clear and precise goYernmentalconcepts, endowed wither consciousness of their ownand an autonomous wili. Wewill not attempt to enumeratemore than the following: RussianBolshevism, German nationalism,and Italian Fascism.The other motives and trendsof our times are fragmentary,the remains of war and peace,torn up from the historic soilwherein ne.w events mature,and.this is probably the reasonfor the irrationality that surroundsthem.TFHERE are. in the socialI body as well as the human,crises that are given outlet aftersanity and a normal existencehas been relrorn: othercrises, on the contrary, cannotattain their logicai solutionstheirpathological processesperpetuate themselves. Matignanttumors spread and propagatethemselves: the fundamentaldisease is not resolved,and an uncertain and fatal situationassumes an aspect ofcontinuity amicl the palPitationsof partial crises.The War \\ras provoked bYimperialisms in conflict, whetherit be admitted or not, and decideclat the }ast hour by themost plundering and mercantileof them, that of the UnitedStates. But the Allies foughtthe war in the name of Democracy.Here is the original evil,the fundamental difference betweenthe promises and theirfulfillment, between the spiritof the rvar and its conclusion,between rhetoricai programsand the ireaties of peace.Democracy, which had not beenable to bring about the premisesof its program for almosta century of unopposed dominion,could not succeed in givinga single stable asset to theworlil that irad just issuecl froma blooily rvar. This contrast ofprincipies with reality, of eventhe vague interpretations ofprinciples themselves, is sufficientto determine the presentsituation, which corresponds toa lack of will, of ideas, of command.Not oniy does this occurin the relations betweenpeoples, l-rut also in the lelationsbetrveen the various socialclasses. It is not, in truth,possible to have a lasting peacebetrveen nations that have beenmade immensely wealthy, anclothers that have been made immenselypoor, when the povertyof the Iatter determinesin turn the general crisis inconsumption, reduces the nu.mberof purchasers, and renderssterile the wealth of the former.The same applies as betweennations oversuppliedwith colonies and mandateswrested from clefeated peopies,and other nations deprived ofevery breath of life, of ever.voutiet for goods, of every directsource of raw materials, colonies,and population. Not eventhe solution of nationalisticproblems was had, for they aregerminating and being bornagain on all sides. Wilson'sfamous decision seems to rnanvpeoples toda.v to have been anatrocious piece of iron,v. Theaims of the lMar were all falsified,corrupt, devious; and thusthe old problems still loomthreateningly, aggrar.atei[ by

8the immense destruction ofwealth and the moral crisisthat foilowed the war, as wellas by the artificial and radicalterritorial re-distribution andi11-adjusted expedients of aninternational character. Everythingremains to be done,ever;rfful1g is still pending,everything is threatening forthe future, with the tragic andaggravating addition that thereis gone all faith in that whichbefore the war appeared to befirm hopes for readjustmentand equilibrium. Who nowbelieves any longer in the rosyand iridescent promises of Democracy,and who, after theSoviet experiment, even believesin the possibility of socialisticregimes ? Even thosewho defend them no longerhave faith in them, so that wesee democracies like the UnitedStates and Fr"ance becomingexcessively imperialistic andmilitaristic, and the Socialistparties, as in Germany, becomingthe strongest supporters oforcler as against social revolution!f N this boiling mess eunfusedl" and elementarv forces arebeing mixed, unchained andbadly held in by an ephemeraland incoherent solution, s'hilethere is lacking any idealisticforce whatever to point out away or an end suitable as anoutlet, or which appears capableof providing a solution.Capitalistic society, accordingto the forecasts of KarlMarx, had developed forceswhich at a certain point itcould no longer withhold, andthis upsetting of equilibriumwas the World War. But this,in turn, if it was fought b)'theGermans with an idea, a logic,a program that would havecreated a world order out oftheir victory, even if it was thatof the Kaiser, was insteadfought by the Atlies in thename of those same principleswhich had already demonstrat-ATLANTICA, JANUARY, 1931ed themselves powerless to establisha civilization in Europeand the worlcl. With the aggrava,tingaddition that, underthe Wilsonian surface, therewas supercapitalistic reality,bhe wild beast with its man-v_jaws unsatiated bv internationalspeculation, which rejoices inanarchy, blood and destruction,and which has only a normaland peaceful world economy tofear.I INDER tlrese conclitiors thev \Var could only have endedin the reversal of its ownprinciples, in exasperation, andnot in the suppression of thevery causes that had motivatedit. Ilardly had the war endedthan rve saw that species ofcollective folly, that orgy ofspeculation which ended by opsettingnot only all the normalcriteria of vaiues in ordinaryeconomy, but also all the moralvalues of the nations.After which, is there anyonewho still marvels at the crisis ?lMe would be surprised if therehad not been one ! And it is anincurable crisis. The idea ofan economic Locarno amongthe nations is still more idioticthan the infamous political Locarno.A disease so widespreadand organic cannot besuppressed unless its sourcesof infection are suppressed.The crisis, above all, is poiiticalin its causes, and only withthe revision of the treaties, orrather of the false and bastardizedresults of the war, can wearrive at a new order whichwill save Europe and theworld. The purely economiccauses of the crisis are secondary;at its bottom are to befound the immediate politicalcauses. To this category belongsthe absence from thervorld markets of Russia,China and fndia, constitutingone-half of the human race, thedistress in Germanl', the industrialruin of Switzerland, thefinancial precipice t o w a r dwhich Spanish and Polish moneyare headed, Boumania'scoma, and the revolts in Palestine,in trgypt, and in SouthAmerica. And it is also a socialand institutional crisis,with English ancl Americanunemployment, the discreditingof parliamentary systems,the impotence of socialism, andthe exasperating of ali ravishedand unsatisfied nationalisms.The war debl,s are oppressingall peoples iike astrait-jacket.With the funds for consumptionand imports cut off, theproducing and exporting countries,in turn, are left ivith theuseless wealth of their goodsunsold. The United States isundergoing the most seriousdepression in its history. It islike King Nlidas, who obtainedfrom God the mortal gift ofbeing able to change to goldeverS.thing he touched, but who,through that very gift, died ofhunger.f TNDEII,present conditions,U with the widespread fearof a new war, capital is not beingloaned for nel investments,and it is being used for lack ofrevenue. Hunger, want andthe general poverty of a neweconomic ntiddle Ages are onthe horizon.The only remedies to thisuniversal folly are political justiceamong peoples, institutionalrevolution, and socialjustice rvithin the nations.The Italy that won the Warhas indicated ttre rer.olutionarvformuia destined to restore thlworld. Firm and well-disciplined,she awaits the hour ofrecognition. Ifer Mazzinianmission among the nations isin the course of deveiopment.Eitlier we attain revision ofthe treaties and the corporativereconstruction of the economicwolld, or we approach,with steadily increasing acceleration,a new state of barbarism.

With Enltn.mi ctthnthn Mississippi lQive'8,, Ci"uonni S.l,iouol--l n.J*.tePS of"f\ E qui a le plus conspireI corrtre nr e s volumesV c'est, primo, la rage clesAmericains qui, comme me disaitle General Lafayette luimeme, ne me pardonnerontjamais d'avoir su faire, toutseu1, ce que leurs nombreuseset puissantes expeditions avaienttent6 en vain."*Thus, und.er date of February17, 1836, Giacomo CostantinoBeltrami was writingfrom Heidelberg, in Germany,to Monsieur de Monglave, permanentsecretary of the HistoricalInstitute in Paris. Thevolumes to which he was referringwere: "La decouvertedes sources du Mississippi etde la Riviere Sanglante, etc. "published in New Orleans in1821 and "A Pilgrimage inEurope and America, leadingto the diseovery of the sourcesof the Mississippi and BloodyRiversr" 2 volumes, London,1828.fn both works (the secondvolume of the "Pilgrimage" isbut a translation of "La decourerteetc. ") Beltrami putsforth his claims to the discoveryof the source of the Mississippiriver.An Adventurous LifeGiacomo Constantino Beltramiwas born at Bergamo in*"What has conspired most againstmy volumes is, in the first place theanger of the Americans who, asGeneral Lafayette told me, will nevertorgive my having been able to do, al1by myself, what their numerous andporver{ul expeditions had attempted in'r.ain."1779, the last but two of 17children.Early in his life he distinguishedhimself as a chancellorMajor Taliafe,rro, whomBeltrami joined at St. Louis,was the descendant of one offour' brothers, !ohn, Lawrence,James and Francis Taliaferro,who emigrated IromGenoa, Ita(y, to England in1632, and, alter frve years inLondon, crossed the Atlanticand landed with other emigrantsat lamestown, aboutthe year 1637 or shortly therea{ter.(The Auto-b'iographyof Major Lawrence Taliaferro, Minnesota HistoricalCollections Vo1. 6, page 189-255.) The Taliaferro familyhas given many illustrioussons fo America:n life.of the department of Justiceat Parma and Udine, later becominga judge at Macerata. In1814 r,vhen he was about to bepromoted to the presidency ofthe Court of Forli he resignedand retired at Filottrano.In l8l5 rvith the fall of Napoleon,whose follower he was,was only 36 years of agethen-he was compelled toleave his home. He settied inFlorence where he became afriend of the Countess D'AIbany,so well knorvn to studentsof Aifieri and Foscolo,who interceded for his returnto Filottrano, a town particularlydear to Beltra:ni, sincethe Countess Giulia Nledici-Spada, to l-hom he was greatiyattached, lived there.In October, 182\, Beltrami's"promenades" through Eur:opeand America began.France, Belgium, Germany,England, were the countriesrvhich he first visited, finallysailing for the United States inl'Iovember 1822. He landed atPhilaclelphia three m o n t h slater.From Philadelphia, Beltramiwent to other American cities,including Baitimore, Pittsburgh,Cincinnati and St.[-.iouis. It was at St. Louis, whilehe was planning to go downthe river to New Orleans, thathe met the officers of a militarymission headed towards FortSt. Anthony (now Fort Snelling,near Minneapolis). It washeaded by General Clark, abrother of the famous GeorgeRogers Clark and had amongits members Major LawrenceTaliaferro. Beltrami receiveclpermission to join the Missionand with it he travelled to theFalls of St. Anthony, wherethey arrived on Aprii 30, 1823.At Fort St. Anthony Beltramiremained for about twomonths6 exploring the surroundingc,ountry, and especial-1y becorning acquainted withthe Indians, who were later toprove of valuable assistance tohim. On July 7, he joined amilitary mission headed byMajor Stephen H. Long whichwas going towards the Northwest.Together they marched alongthe St. Peter River, reaching

i0Lake Trar.erse on the 26th. AtPembina, in North Dakota,near the Canadian border, Beltramiapparentl-v had some differenceswith Major Long andleft the partr-. The real natureof the differences between thetwo men is not knonn.AJOR, LOI'IG in his officialaccount of the expeditionhas oni-v one referenceto "an Italian whom ri'e met atF ort St. Anthony and who attachedhimself to the expeditionand accompanied ils toPembina. I{e has recentl;' pubiisheda book entitled ,La decouvertedes sources ilu Mississippi,etc.' which we noticemerel.v on account of the fictionsancl misrepresentations.,,The above reference appearedas a note, and was signed S. H.L., the major's initials.Beltrami, in his pamphlet," To the Public of Nerv Yorkand of the United States,,' poblishedin 1825, has the followingpassage: "At Philadelphia,the editor of the NationalGazette, the friend of MajorLong (whom all the worldkno.ws so well) has prostitutedtruth, evidence, and the goodsense of the pubiic, to thenecessity, which he cannot resist,of being malicious andruc1e. "At an)' rate, at PembinaBeltrami sold his horse(Major Taliaferro's horse),and, accompanied by twoIndians and a "bois brule,"on the gth of August heplunged into the wilderness.He soon reached the Thief river,at the confluence of the RedLake river, where the fndiansrefused to proceed and left hirnalone.t'I tremble every time, "q'rote Beltrami, " when I thinkupon the terrible situation inrvhich mlr savage guides leftme; and I feel with pride, thatI have been more than humanin not trembling then. "Alone, without knowledge ofATLANTICA, JANLTARY, 1931the countr,v, with scantS, provisions,Beltrami caruied on,paddling his birch canoe. Butas he was inexperienced atpaddling, the canoe upset,drenching all his provisions.He decided then to proceedin t'Chinese st,rle, " as he said,or by towing his canoe behind.He had gone alone for fourda--vs when he fortunatel;' meta party of Indians, one of whomhe persuaded to take him toRed Lake. The.v arrived ihereon August 19. B). canoe hethen proceeded to what is norvknown as Mud Lake, andfinall;., on the 28th, he reacheda small iake, which he calledLake Jnlia, in honol of theCountess Iledici-Spada, andwhich he pronounced to be thereal source of the X{ississippiRir.er.D)ELTRAtr[I'S rr a I ure isI) 1gys21s6 bv lLis descriptionof the event : " Oh ! \\rh;twere the thoughts whichpassed through my mind atthis most happy and brilliantmoment of my life. Tlieshades of Marco Polo, ofColumbus, of AmericusVespucious, of the Cabots, of\rerazani, of the Zenos and'various others appearedpresent and jo.vfully assistingat the high and solemn cerenony,and congratulatingthemselves on one of theircountr;.-men having, by ne\\rand successful researches,brought back to the recollectionof the world theinestimable services rfhich theyhad themselves conferred onit by their own peculiar discoveries,b). their talents,achievements and virtues. "The Return to CivilizationCovered with animal skinssewed with animal sinews,with the bark of a tree as ahat, hungrv anil tired,Beltrami resumed his marchtowards civilization, assistedby some Indians who took himsafely to !-ort Snelling. OnOctober 3, ire sailed on a boatfor New Orleans, arriving onDecember 13. In that city hepublished his first book "Ladecouverte" in L824. Thenarrative is in form of letters,in rvhich he describes hisadr.'entures as well as hisobservations of Indian andAmerican life. The letters areaddressed to Madame LaComtesse Compagnoni, neePasseri.On April 28, 1824, Beitramisailed for Mexico, but hereturned to Philadelphia innla--v, L825 to find that 400copies of his book had beenkept from circulation and thata campaign against his personand his writings was beingwaged in many papers of thecountr--v. Some publications,however, extoiled, his work.The Nerv Orleans CommercialAdvertiser, for example, in itsissue of July 25, 1824 comparedhim ahnost to Columbus.F rom Philadelphia, Beltramiwent to New York, where hepublished his pamphlet " Tothe Public of Nerv York and ofthe United States, by theauthor of 'The discover_r- ofthe sources of the }fississippi'G. C. Beltrami, member ofmany Academies, December,1825."T N t8:8 he published inI London his 2 volurnes " ThePilgrimage." In 1829 hesettled in Paris, living therefor five .Years. In 1834 he wasat Heidelberg, but in 1837 hereturned to his home at Filottrano,where he itied onJanuary 6, 1855.During his life, Beltramireceived manY ironors. Hewas made a member of manyacademies anil learnedsocieties. In 1834 he representedthe Historical Instituteof France at the ScientificCongress of Stuttgart, "asone of the rnost honoraltle anddistinguished of that scientificassociation. "

\\.ITH BELTRA}II ATTHE I{EADW ATERS OF THENIISSISSIPPI RIVER i1He ri as a friend of Lafayette.and marry other notablesol his cla-v. Chateaubriandacknorviedged in his "Voyageeu -\merique " that his descriptionsof the northern regionsof lmerica have been based onBelt'-ami's clescription. JamesFenirnore Cooper obtainedsorne of his material fromBcltrami's books.llajor 'Ialiaferro wrote ofliim: "He was six feet high, ofcomrnaniiing appearanceploudof bearing and quick oftemper-high spirited butah'vays the gentleman. "\Yarren Upham, in the firstr-olume of "Minnesota inTirree Centuries " calls him" Perhaps the m,ost picturesqueancl unique figure in tireseries of rnany explorers ofthe area of Minnesota. "Beltrami's CIaimsBeltrami had good reasonsto complain of the receptionaccorded to his explor:rtiousiroth in this countr-r- ancl inEurope. It sounds incredible,indeed, that forty years afterhis death a man who never methirn, who never had an;- personalknowledge of his character,with the exception ofr,vliat he had read in books andmagazine articles, should haveentertained a feeling of bitternessagainst him anil done hisbest to discredit him.T N 1893. Mr'. J. V. BlowerI published a book entitled" Tire Mississippi River andIts Source," in which he madeknown the results of a survel'conducted for account of thel\linnesota Historical Societl-.It is on the strength of the inr-estigationsof l\Ir. Browerthat toclay the Lake Itasca basinis considered to be the ultinatereservoir of the Mississippiand that consequentl-v,Henr;' R. Schoolcraft is knorvrtas the discoverer of the sourc€of tl-re rivcr.Mr. Bowerts allusions trtBettrami are the leasi flattering.Fully ignorant of theliterar-v life of Europe, hernalicousl.v states that Beltrami" entered into relations rviththe Oountess D'Albany(N{adame la Comtesse Compagoni,nee Passeri (sic) ),not his wife. "He depicts Beltrami as a" hero worshipper with butorre hero, ancl that himself"who regretted "his own misfortlLnes and those of lta1v,which seemed to prosper withouthis ptesencet'and concludes:"Beltrami county hasbeen inscribed upon thegeography of Minnesota inhonor of his memorY, andsingulari;. enough, the Itascanas well as the so-called Juliansource are both situated rvithinits limits. "\\rhat seems rnore singular,hon.er.er, is the fact that withinnine Years of NIr. Bro\\'er'spllaint, a new count5., Ciearrvatercount--v, \\-as carved outof Beltrami count-v and,sin,gularly enough should haveincluded Itasca lake rvithin itsliniits.As against the partialit"v ofX{r. Brower, ho\\'e\rer, onecould mention the fair attitudethroughout its man;- years oflife of the }linnesota HistoricalSociet.v and of several ofits influential m emb e r s,.especially Mr. Aifred J. Hilland Mr. Warren Llpham, whoboth wrote goocl accounts ofBeltrami's iife and erplorations.Mr. Folwell, Presidentemeritus of the Llnir.ersity of\{innesota, also is fair toBeltrami in his "HistorY ofN{innesota. "But the real reason wh.vItasca lake ancl not Julia lakeshould be officially consideretlas the ultimate source of theMississippi and Schoolcraftand not Beltrami as its discoYereris to be sought in thefield of geography.So far none of the accountsavailabie in Itaiian aboutBeltlami's explorations explainswhy the J ulian sourceshould be considered the realsource. Nothing, indeed, hasbeen d.one by ltalians to defendBeltrami's contention, &sagainst that of Schoolcraft, orNicollet, Brower and others, inthe technical field.DRO\VtrR'S survey' wLichD is eonsidered the lastl.ord on the matter, reachedthe conclusion that the LakeTtasca basin should be considereilthe ultimate source becauseit is there that there isformed the largest reservoir ofwater in the IJpper }IississiPPiva11e5.-. In other words, accordingto Brower, one must followthe main water shed to itsfarthest source.It is difficult, however, toestablish what is the mainwater-shed. The MissouriRiver has a larger bod.v ofr,vaters than the Mississippiabove their junction. If theMissouri tod.ay is not knownotherwise, it is because historyhas fixed its name, and notbecause of its water-shed.Some geographers maintainthat the source of a river is atthe point m,ost remote from itsmouth, but if such were thecase, the source of the MissouriRiver should be consideredthe source of the }IississiPPibecause the former's source ismore remote from the Guifthan Lake Itasca or Lake Julia.Others, to gtve onIY onemore theory, claim that "thesources of a river are thosewhich are in a right line withits mouth, particularly whenthey issue from a cardinalpoint and flow to the bnedirectl-v opposite. "That was the theorY onwhich Beltrami fixed the sourceof the Mississippi at LakeJu1ia.Lake Jnlia, when Brorverstarted his investigation, wasthought to be a lake withoutoutlets. f ndeed, he wrote,

t2ATLANTICA, JANUARY, 193I"Beltrami reached such conclusionswithout even investigatings'hether the waters ofLake Julia, so-called, foundtheir way into the Mississippior not."DUT Bellrami thoughtI-D that the water.s of LikeJulia, through the sw-ampj.grounds both north and south,formed the Red Lake River,which he called the BlooclvRiver, through the Turt1eLake, and the Turfle River,which he called the Mississippi.In all maps of the upper Mis_sissippi basin, the Tuiile Riverappears to constitute the mostnorthern tributary of theMississippi anil thereforg ifthe most northern affiuent, assome geographers think, con_stitutes the main branch of ariver, then the source of thisaffiuent should be consideredthe source of the river.According to this theory,therefore, Beltrami was righiin considering the source ofthe Turtle River as the sourceof the Mississippi. The name" Turtle " Biver was not givenb)' nature. It was simplyaffixed by men.Colonel Charles Whitilesey,rvho explored that region,wrote in 1866 (Minnesota His_torical Collections, vol. II,)" Turtle Lake, at the head oiTurtle-River, which dischargesinto Cass Lake, is ^i, tnortherly of the waters of theMississippi."ft seems to me that thelargest branch forms a riverand the heads of that branchconstitute the sources.',"But another stream, somewhatlarger than the TurtleRiver," to quote l\{r. Upham,"was known to come from thewest and southrvest. and in 1g32Schoolcraft under instructionsfrom the Government conductedan expedition up thatstream which has evei sincebeen rightly considered themain Mississippi, to the lake atits head, which the fndianscalled Omushkos, that is, ElkLake. "Both that stream and that-iake were known to Beltrami.Indeed, he puts Lake ltasca,then known as Lake La Biche,on the map in his secondvolume of the "Pilgrimage,,'which v'as published in 1828,identifying it as ('westernsources of the MississippiRiver. " On page 257 of his"Decouverte" he wrote:"C'est la, a mon avis, qu,onpeut fixer les sources occidentalesdu Mississippi.', Whichtranslated, appears in t h e"Pilgrimage" as "It is here,in my opinion, that rve canfix the western sources of theI\{ississippi. " (Vol. II, page434.) And in his pamphlet ,,Tothe Public of New York, etc.',he adds: "fn these 9, 10, ancl 11letters I have conducted thereader to the western source ofBrowerthe Mississippi. "acknowledges B e lt rami' sacquaintance with what is nowknown as Lake Itasca, in thefollowing words: ,,Due creditis given Beltrami in placingupon his map "Doe Lake, westsource of the Mississippi,afterrvards named Itasea,though of its existence and:lame, General Cass' expeditionof 1820 galle the firstpublic information. "A S a matter of fact, GeneralI \ Cass, rrho \ras laterSecretar;. of State underPresident Buchanan, simplyknew about it, but never suspectedthat it u'as the westernsource of the 1\fississippi,otherwise he would have notturned his expedition backwhen he rvas only 2 few milesfrom it.Beltrami, on the other hand,did not visit Lake ltasca, becausehe was convinced of thetheory that the most northerlysource of a river should beconsidered the real source.Mr. trYarren llpham, apparently,is one of the very fewpeople in the United Statesrvho has tried to give Beltramidue credit for his explorations.It was he, indeed, who in 1893named an island, in Lake Agassiz,in honor of Beltrami.Mr. Upham in his ,,Minnesota'sGeographic Names,,'published as Volume 16 of theMinnesota Historical SocietyCollections, says of Beltrami:" The Italian explorer in 1823of the most northern sourcesof the Mississippi," (page 84.)In Minnesota Biographies,(Vol. 14 of the Minnesota HistoricalSociety Collections) weread that Beltrami travelled to"Red Lake and the northernmostsources of the Mississippiand followed the course of thatriver to Fort Snelling.,'In Appleton,s Encyclopaediaof American Biography,Vol. 1, 1888, we read:"Beltrami ascended one of theprincipal sources.',But those are only a few instances.As a whole, Beltramihas received very little creditfor his explorations. lVith theexcepti,on of a small villageand a small island named inhis honor, only BeltramiCounty remains to testify tothe audacity of the lone Italianexplorer. But even thatcounty has been whittled awayever since it was organized in1866.WheUrer or not the realsource of the Mississippi is atLake ftasca or at Lake Juliait is for reliable geographersand surveyors to ascertain.Here we can only pay tributeto the courage, and self-deniai,of a man who gave up thecomforts of civilization to riskhis life and to endure privationsand sufferings of all sortsto add lustre to the name ofhis native eountrv.

lin.nnt lt"li.n Litnn.trnnb,, Cirrnppn Dn"r.olini\ZOU niay try, but in vain,to frnd in my article aI bond among the severalbooks reviewed by me. It isa basket, not a bunch of flowers,that I intend to present;just a basket into which I shallgather the books I believe tobe the most interesting for thereader. I am excluding frommy articie the idea of makinga complete surYey of the ltalianliterature of today. Beforemy mind are the American andthe Italo-American r e a d e rand not my colleagues andfriends (or foes) in Italy. Ishali set asicle many philosophical,literar1., historical anclscientific books, whose authorsI highly appreciate and readwith more enthusiasm or withgreater profit than those I amreviewing. My spiritual beingis half ftalian, half American,and when my body is here inNew York, often my soul ieapsto Italy, and breathes the natalair. If my articles are to beuseful to my American friendsand readers, I must forget mytemporary and sentimentalleaps to Italy; I must remindmyself of what an American oran Italian born and educatedin America rthinks, sees andfleels.WiII I succeed in interpretingthe desires of the next generationof Italians, beyond theAtlantic? I do not know, butbe assured I shall try to do myutmost and I hope to receivefrom my readers some ad.vice,or corrections, and even reproaches.Perhaps in this way,I shall gain some new friendsamong them. Not a fewfriends have I made with whomfriendship began rvith fighting!Some day I shall discussProtessor Giuseppe Prezzolini,Italy's {oremost lite'rarycritic, Visiting Professorof ltalian Lite,rature at Co-Iumbi a U niversity, author himselfof several books that havealready become enduring literature,and at present Directorof the Casa ltaliana at ColumbiaUniversity in New York,begins in this jssue a monthlycontribution to ATLAN TI C Aon Italian life and leffers.Professor Prezzolini wasf ormerly Chief of the In-Iormation Secft'on and theLiterary Secdon of the IntellectualCo-operation Insdtuteof the League o{ Nationsat PariswhatI think are the misunderstandingsthat arise betweenItalian authors and Americanreaders, what the Americanreader expects from an Italianauthor, and what many Italianauthors expect to find in theAmerican public.'Enough now of general reflections.Let us get to thepoint: some good, readableItalian books.I SHALL begin with Papini,r who, accustomed as he is toplaying tricks, has played oneon us now by publishing aqueer book, Gog, (Firenze,Vallecchi, 1931) instead of oneon the orthodox Li,fe of theVi,rgi,n, which we were told hewas preparing.This summer rvhen he wentto his villa, perhaps he did noteven know he was going towrite such a book. But thebook sought to be born, and itis now a strange baby infant,who screams and stamps hisfeet, protesting against themodern rvorld. Any book lfPapini's is always writter.against something or againstsomeone. Even his Li,fe ofCltrist was directed againstthe erudite, the rich, the rulers,against Renan, Nietzscheand Loisy, against the wiseand the philosophers. Thisnew book is aimed against themodern world, modern at:t,modern literature.a iarge beast; halfG "St'f" man, half Moor;than the richestand richerAmerican.(Incidentally, I hope thatmodern European writers rviliput an end to caricaturing theAmerican always as a millionaire.Perhaps the presenteconomic .lepression and theaward of the Nobei prize toSinclair Lewis will finaily persuadecontemporary Europeanwriters that Babbitt really exists,and that Babbitt is only aprospective millionaire. )Gog, this rich and powerfulbeast, stubkrorn, cruel, puffedup, seeking new things in themanner of a savage, and, similarto a sophisticated boy, soondissatisfied rvith them, beginsby creating an artificial Paradisein New York, havingbought and destroyed one ofthe ugliest districts of Manhattan.Finall_v, he becornes a hobo,13

IL4ancl goes from farm to farmof the poorest peasants ofTuscanv, between the Arno ancltire Tiber, the region whereSt. Francis received the stigmataand Papini buiit a peacefuivilla.trTWEtrN these two extremeepisocles, one seespassing all contemporarli intellectuallife, or better, thefashions and the schools of contemporaryliterature, art andphilosophy. These are personifieclas types such as one findsin a cafe of Montparnasse orin a speak-easy of Nerv York.Gog goes through these experiencesmuch as an Africanexplorer goes through a forestof euphorbia, whose prlngentmilk scorches him at eYerystep. J am not astonished thathe should prefer to all thesecanned goods a slice of blackbread given to him by a shepherdessin the Apennines.This book has a peculiarcharacteristic: in its entirecast of forty characters thereis no woman. The book isamusing, irritating, ancl notwithstandingthe fact that itis at times false, at other timesit is strikingly true. ;\ncl rvhata comfort to find that Papini isnot lost along the Semitesand that he has again foundthe satirical and nostalgicvein, rvhich is his best andmost natural gift. In realitywhat is this Gog if nota rejuvenated edition of "TheFailure," his greatest autobiographicalwork? I do not sa5'that Gog is Papini, but I cannotrestrain m;'self from findingin the queer and satiricalexperiences of Gog somethingof what has made for the greatness,and at the same time, theu'eakness of Papini; his dissatisfactionwith reality, andhis failure to fincl in this worldsomething great, beautiful, orworth dedicating his life to,until, of course, he has returnedto the Cathoiic faith.ATLANTICA, JANL-ARY, 1931Giovanni PapiniThis faith is in the backgroundof Gog, but the l;,'ric motif is inthe foreground.If the best anthologies andhistories of contemporary ltaiianiiterature are consulted onefinds that the first departurefrom D'Annunzio and his pa-$&nr patriotic ,ancl grancliloquentpoetry towards a nervspirit and a new poetr]- wasthat of a poet who diecl very)'oung of tuberculosis anclwho published his books at hisown expense; and with a modestyand timidity foreign to theD'Annunzian generation, eLtitledthem " I]seless LittleBook" and "Book for SundayEvenings. "The poet who spoke in sricha subciued tone and rvrote onlyfor his friends was Sergio Corazzin|He inaugurated thenew ltalian str-le (1o stil nuovoItaliano) which later wasknown as the "TrvilightSchool. "One of his most intimatefriends, also a poet, recountstoda-v a singular expedenceoneof the most beautiful andpoetic of his youth-which resulteclfrorn the influence ofthe spirit of Corazzini. Atthe present time Fausto }Iariaflartini is a celebratecl namein Italian literature, and er.enin America it was frequentl-vheard when Belasco presentedone of his dramas in New York,"Laugh, Clown, Laugh""rvhich ran for two ; ears.T''HEexperierrce \vas aL fliglrt; a flight ft'om wlrereSergio Corazzini could not liveRome and-flomltal;'-to acountry diametrically opposerlto ltal;r and antagonistic to theclreams of a poet-New York.n'austo Maria Martini rvrote"l\ie land in New York" (Sisbo,rca o, Neta York, Ifilano,Xfonciaclori 1930) in orcler tolir-e again this past episode.This book is divicled into trrcrparts; the first tells about thegroup that gathered aroundCorazzini, of his hopes, ]rispassions, his beautiful ingeniousadventures, pure andidealistic.The women that these poetsloved were sisters, or ratherd.ream figures. In contrast tothe paganism and sensualityof the D'Annunzian Scliool,these poets aspirecl to etherealloves anil pure affections.Someone has suggested that anelr kind of sensualit"v (of amore erquisite qualit_r ) hadappeared in Ital;-. This is aver,v keen observation. Inevery romantic impulse thereis an incompletei.v developeclf,orm of sensuality, which, notfinding its satisfaction in reality,realizes it in dreams.Freud studied this phenomenonfrom the medical point ofview. To the critic it mattersn'ot that the foundation issensual, if the art is pure.To measure the abyss createrlb-v Ure war between the Europeangenerations, one needonly glance at the first part ofthis book, an exact account ofJ

RECENT ITALIAN LITERATI-IRE15the wa,v in rvhich a group of artist-cspent their youth in Romel-,etri-een 1900 ancl 1915; nosports, no politics, no adventL1re,no trips, no business or,lesire for gain. They inhabitecla world of ideas. At theirhorizon there l-as on1.v pureelory. Daily events assumeclgigantic forms because of keensensibilities.f T nray be difficult for a rnarir of the present day, and especiallyin America, to have aniclea of how a group of youngftaHans were able to live insuch a rarified atmosphere, sofar removed from the commoncontingencies of every day 1i1..However if it is possible toform an idea of this kind oferistence, this book, more thanany other, will help do it.The second part of the bookrecounts what took place in theNew York of 1907 in the ltalianimmigrant quarter, at firstin the home of a decadent poetwho married an Italian of thelower classes, a woman of suchenergy as to direct some r,r'orkin a down town bank; and laterin the villa of a rich Americanwoman, who, burdened by thecare of an insane husband, awoman whose bed and rvhoseheart are deserted, reaches thecritical age without an affection.She hopes to find consolationin the poet who has fledfrom the ftalic land, but theghost of the sisters loved inhis preeecling life comes betu'eenthem.Can this bool< be called anovel? I would hardly say]-es. It is, rather, a section ofiife, an autobiography glimpsedacross a veil of remembrancesand poetry. It is a book fuilof delicacy, of tenderness andhalf tonec, a book that woulclbe greatly appreciated by thepoet who rvas its inspiration,anci of whose memory the bootrrisfull'+ + + +tli gtrerra. n'Iilano, T reues, 7930.C otraclo Al,ua,ro Gente i,n-'xrjl. + itGiouanni Com,rsso- GiorniAchi,l,le Campanile -Agostont,ogl,i,e m,ia, non t,i conosco. Rotnanzo.Mi,Lano, Treues, 7930.The title is a good intirnationof the subject of the book.\\rithout even a hint of logic,it is a series of humorous, unforeseen,purely arbitrary adyentures.\iery amusing. Oneis forced to laugh.Fabi,o Tombali,-La Vi.ta. Mclano,M ond,ad,ori,, 1930.The romantic but not thrillinglife of an Italian man ofietters, Although this novelreceivecl a prize (there are no\rman.y literar;. prizes in Italy)the {irst book of Tombari, Cronachedi Frusaglia, was muchbetter, written in a queer originalmanner, rvith humour anda sort"t.:rt:.*"tlOne of the best of the youngerwriters. These sketches anclshort stories of the war periodare fresh and full of humanfeeling.Asyn''om,onte. fri,renze, Le Monnter,Alvaro is considered a promisingrvriter. These storiescontain much psychology,tr'reudism, and studies of theinterior life, but are almost alwaysheavyl"U*tt"l"*Gui,cl,o Mi,lanesi,- Ka,d,cl,i,sh,Eomanzo d,'Israel,, Ronta,,,:jtocA',79.30.A best seller, a good book totake along on a trip. It is thestory of the melodramatic andsentimental love of a youngJewish girl for an Italian marineofficer, done in the mannerof Guido da \rerona. Background:the war on the sea,with Q .nT. :"1submarines.Pietro Pancrazi,- L'Esoytont o d,ern,o. F,irenze, Le M onni,er.Onl,v for those who like tosmile at fine, subtle remarksand old,":rt*ott tales.Grozia Deled,rJa,- La Casaclel poeta. I{oaelle, JlIi,lano,Treues,1930.A collection of short stories.Not as good as her novels.

t6 ATLANTICA, JANUARY, 1931An lt.lr.nAnt E,,ent"After The Ball"by Ettore TitoTh" I Sth Einn n io I V"nntio nE.h ititicn8,, Antr"o Lo,.'.nlloltiHE main feature of this18th Biennial Exhibitionis, perhaps, the lack ofany such thing. There is noteven one of those retrospectiveexhibits which contributed somuch to the popularization anddiffusion of art in the late Ottocento,which were the gems ofpast exhibits; there is not evenone of those rich personal exhibitionswhich guiaeA us towardsthe appreciation of thebest and least known Italianartists living, inasmuch as theexhibits of Tito and Modigliani-theonly ones who are occupyingtwo full rooms-ar€an ah4ost useless repetition ofboth of them, for they havebeen widely advertised inVenice during the past twoyears. The whole, therefore,remains nothing else but thecollective contribution ofpainters of the VanguardSchool. The result is necessarilyone of monotony, becausethe Vanguard School has aleaning towards the standardizationof paintings andstatues, rvhile the Biennialshave aiways distinguishedthemselves for their variety aswell as for their cuitural aims.It is true that the older artistsare fairly well represented, butin general, they give the im-The Biennial Venetian Exhibitionr's the greatest artevent ofrered by ltaly, and isof considerable importancealso for others besides ItaIians.It corresponds to theannual Carnegie InstituteExhibition held in this countryin Pittsburgth. Thliscritical article describing itssalient features has beenwritten especially f or AT-LANTICA by Mr. Lancellotti,author of many booksand an eminent art critic.pression of being much olderthan they are in reality, becauseof the large number ofpainters represented. Twoyears ago only a few invitationswere sent out, omitting incertain instances, names ofgreat renown; this year the oppositepolicy has been followed,by inviting almost anybody.From one extreme to the other.Is it then so difficult to foilowthe happy medium?On the other hand, we do notmean to renew here the frictionbetween Ottocento andNovecento. What 'we are interestedin is solely the goodOttocento and the good Novecento.And with greater moderationin inviting the olderartists and keener selection ofthe younger, the result wouldhave been that of a varied exhibition,instructive and soothing,always alternated by retrospectiveand personal exhib.its-just as the public desiresit.q O, Tito occupies one roon),-.1 and Modigliani another. Tito'sroom could not have beenarranged in worse bad taste.The pictures are heaped withoutany judgment, in trvo andeven three rows, with no relievingspaces, so that the first impressionis that of entering abazaar, where it is impossibleto distinguish the ugly fromthe beautiful, what is excellentfrom what is bad. I cannot believethat this arrangement isdue to Maraini, who has a renownfor a judicious display.It would have been necessarrr

l +:r:-u,le half of the paintings-:- ,: ri,iel to exhibit the other:.-i in a good light. I'or onl;'; lrring near them can we aprr":-'-irte the delicacy of certainr,1r-r,-aies and particularly of= -''e tin]- sketches, in rvhichI-t,-, reveais himself as a truer-r..-.t.r. His luminous and airy, :.ilrting, on a prevailing back-=:r,,rrrd of blue, yellow and red,;:r.s \-el',Y familiar to us, and:r -s wholesale re-exhibit has:-+-1'ed nobod,v. The same, with:r e r,egative addition that we:'ri r.glJ. rvorks, can be said for1'I -',iigliani. Tito, at least, werr-rolcl always again with: -.asure-but what was the- lea of giving us about thirty: irintings more, in addition to:-lrl,re we alreadY Saw fOur.-Pars ago, of a painter who-r:rer changes ? No doubt,I'I,:'ilieiiani had the soul of atrue artist, as his corresponienceshorvs. But he died bei,-,r'ehe could find his wav, and,r-ar-i 11 not been for the specu--:ttot'S, x'ho, in the end, pre,v,,1 these exhibits, all his work;;r-rnld have remained what it--rr a preparation for a path.lat wtrs not pursuecl be,cause,f iris immature death.trT] trN the two extremesof Tito and Modigiianithere are all the otherptrinters. Ttalians only, forihis time, in the Palazzo reserr-edfor ltall, no foreignerslaYe been admitted, a goodthing. n'or them, the variouslravilions that rise oppositethe Garden are enough. Letus begin with the OId Guard,which, like that of Napoleon,,1ies, but never surrenders.And it is wel1, for their charactersare by now fixed, andany attempt to renovate themselvesrvould probabi,v resultin hvbricl works, no longer()ttocento, nol yet Novecento.The group is one crowcled withwell-known names, from AnlonioMancini to Aristide Sarlorio,from Onorato CarlandiAN ITALIAN ART EVE,NTto Paolo X'e--etti, from CarloSiviero to Norberto Pazzini,Amedeo Bocchi, and GiovanniGuerrini, from Emilio Notte toDomenico Colao, from Ugo Ortonato the Russian, Issupoff."Woman With Mirror'"by Amleto CataldiThese are the Roma,n artists,who live in Rome, even if, likeIssripoff. thev be foreigners.Among the nearest at the otherertr:emit.v, then, we must takcnotice of l{elis, Sobrero, Bertoletti,Barrera, Bepi Fabiani,Leonetta Cecchi Pieraccini,Cucchiari, Capogrossi, DonghiSantagata, Mario Bocchelli andArturo Checchi.The \renetians, both old andne\\r, are quite a fer'v. Thevextend from the harmoniousgreys and greens of Beppe Ciardito the luminous fishermen'shouses of Zanetti ZiIIa,from Castagnora to Gino Parin.The Venetians who paintwith the most modern touchesare follox-ers of Cadorin, who,in hi"" fourteen exhibiteclworks, eraggerates decorativecharacteristics, and vct at the1Vsame time demonstrates howthe fundamentai canons ofpainting can be reconciledr.vith a modern vision of life.Next to Cadorin there aretrvo other artists of a decorativemodernity, r,vho present uswith crowded groups of works:Novati and Sacchi. The stillforms and qualities of the formerclo not please us, but twocanvases alone of tlie lattern'onld assure us of his qualit,v.Painters from Lombard-vand Piedmont are representedto a lesser degree. But thereare not absent from the Olc}Guard the works of LeonarcloBazzaro, Giacomo Grosso,Amisani, Cairati, Aiberto Martini,I'iumi, Giuseppe Carazziand many others.More numerous are the Lombardsand Piedmontese of thenewer school, beginning withCasorati. tr'elice Casorati isa phenomenal painter. He hasabandoned his initial simplicity,and has reached, aftermany evolutions, a paintingthat allvays reveals intelligenceand a picturesclue temperament,but which is not alwaysclear as to what it wants tosay or become. In his paintirrgsthere is a feeling for compositionthat is truly agreeable,but which is also, not only artificial,but also vague and inclefinite,from which it cannotbe predicted where the authorwill encl up. Certainly, horvever,in this group of paintings,the most interesting arethe family in Pr'im,auero anclthe two nude women in April.With Casorati are two others,\fario Sironi and Carra.LI OW much rnore powerfulI I is Achille Funi in lris feniinine figures and Aldo Carpiin the classical, well-composedFarvli,ql;,ct and in his Self-Por'trai,t! And here is Saliettiwith some vivid, flori'ers, a portraitof a girl, and an airy, lurninousstreet along the sea.Salietti is indeed one of the

18most agreeable and notablepainters in this group. ButTosi and llbaldo Oppi areclose belrintl lrinr.Thus rve reach the PieclmonteseVanguard. Very good indeed.tr'risia, Chessa, Galanteancl l\fenzio stand out in reliefand head the group. I'risiaexpresses with vir.'idness,among other things, the Piazzodi San Marco; Chessa hassome good still-lifes; Galante(Nicota) is of a simplicity thatrnakes him appear almost poorand barren I and Menzio depictssome interesting mascu-Iine ancl feminine types.r.' \'EN 'Iuscanr- does not lackI--, lt. group, riot tlre ) orngest,perhaps, considering theirages, but certainly the mostaudacious, from \'riani to Pucci,a,nd frorn Gardelli to Bucci.And then thele is Primo Contiwith his clistinctive portraitof Contessa Bombicci, MosesLer.y with an esoteric breadseller,Bucci with a noble feminineportrait, De Grada witha charming impression of astreet, and Caligiani wiUr aCtrtiliL an,cl Baby that is betterthan his other u,'orks.The 1\{ezzogiorno's representatir-esare scar:ce and almostnon-cristent. Il'or Naples wefind Casciaro u'ith his fine greytowns, Guardascione with hisnotable Old Houses, Yiti witha beautiful feminine torso, andtr'abbricatore with a capablefarmer in costr:rme. There islacking here, as it can be seen,the best, frorn Caprile to Migliaro,frorn Irolli to Santoroand Yetri; neither is there agroup of ;-oung Vanguards whomight, in a s.a1', compensatefor this absence.The contribution of Abruzzois contained in the n'orks of theATLANTICA, JANUARY, 1931Cascella brother" Michele andTommaso, the former in somefine water-colors and the latterin a Village Fair that is excessivelymodern. Even Sicilyoffers us too little rvith itsgroup of lone ;.ouths, from Rizzoto Bevilacqua, as well asAmorelli and Giarrizzo. If wealso want to include Sardiniaas part of the Mezzogiorno, wewould sa;' that it is representedby the delicate work of Biasi,and Filippo Figari rvith hisknowledge of composition.\\.e har.e tried to group togetheras has been done, moreor less, at Yenice this year, thepainters represented at the18th Biennial by regions; butsince the;. are not all togetherin the Exhibition Salon, someferv may have escaped us. Wewill say only that Emilia isconcentrated in two names:Przzirant,, with his finishedPaesaggio Ad,ri,atico and hiscolorful Strada di L,ieaano,and Fioresi Garzia, with hisgood painting of a baby. X'orLiguria there is Orlando Grassoand Don Angelo Rescalli,the latter with one of thosecanYases of a m;tstical character,with greenish tones, thatcharacterizes his painting.There are a ferv painters leftover lr'ho have not been includedin this grouping. The,r,' includePeyron, Vagnetti, Colacicchi,Pozzi, Sacchi, Dani,Tealdi, X{orato, Bonfiglioli,Centilini, (*raziani, B o s s i,Consolo and Pagliacci, as weilas many others.A S f'OR tlre paintcL's o[ tlre-f} Ps1ls Sehool, galhcred b5'Tozzi in one room, and whichfor Italy ranges from Campiglito De Pisis, from Savinio toSeverini and to Tozzi himself.the less said the better. If thisis what they teach them there,long lir.e those who do withoutit ! Much better is the FuturisticRoom festively organizetlb,v Marinetti with a group ofhis painters of an agreeabierlecorative quality, rangingfrom Balla to Prampolini, fromBelli to Benedetta, from Dottorito Lepore and.Pozzo.A worthy displa)' has beengiven this time at Venice toetchings. A littte memorial exhibithas been arranged in honorof Antonello Xforoni, l'howas De Carolis' best pupil andrvho followed him to thc gravelast year. The other etchersare in clifferent rooms, wherewe find the delicate cat-studiesof Renato Brozzi, as well asthe works of Bucci, Cisari, DiGiorgio, Antonio Guarino, Moserand lJgonia.T) UT tlre brrlk of the ctchings-D 1u. fortunatelS- been reiegaiedto the Galleria on whichthe rooms of the right rving ofthe Palazzo open, thereby utilizingto advantage a light thatis ill-adapted to the expositionof pictures. Herein is containedthe work of a host ofetchers, including Cascella,d'Antino, del Cusin, tr'abiano,Primo Conti, Favai ancl manyothers.And now \ve come to scuipture,which is lLsually not l.er)'ertensive nor surprising in itsrevelations, but which, at least,brings us again before more orless olcler artists with establishedposition-s. Among theseis Amleto Cataldi, who has createclan elegant piece of workin lris Wonzan with nli,rror, ar'hr-thmic female nude, Romane}li,l'ho offers us an excellentman's bust, Biagini, representec1by a seatecl female nude,ancl others, including Drei,Prini and Bertocchi.

-litmonE.nqr-rets99 Clono MonJnnr.hinJLavish entertainment accompanied banquets in those daysLTHOUGH Americanshave the reputation ofgant people on the face of theearth, records show that therulers of ancient Rorne lived ina manner that for: luxury andostentation far surpassed present-c1a;'standards.They lovecl to feast sumptuouslyand thousands of dollarswere fretprently spent ona single banquet. There wereoften' as many as twenfir-twocourses to a meal. The meals\\.ere served with the guests recliningon couches, r,vhile dancing-girls,actors, musicians, aclobats,and so forth, entertainedthem as at a mod.ern cabaret.Everybody wore wreathsof flowers, and the servantssprirrkled them liberally withscents, while the floor \Yas coveredinches deep with roses ornater-lilies. These r u I e r sthought nothing of using jel.elstuddedgold or silver plate ata banquet and then presentingthe whoie iot as souvenirs totheir guests. There is a caseon record of a skillful cook receivingthe gift of a house andgrounds as a reward for a particularlysuccessful meal.Sometimes a chef had to haveas many as eight joints of asingle kind of meal; on the fireat once, each at a differentbeing the most extravastageof its roasting, so that atrvhatever hour his master choseto dine one of the joints wouldbe cooked just to a turn.The old Romans were astonishingin their love of ostentationand luxury. Those werethe days of 22-course mealswhen skillful cooks receivedfabulous rewards lor successfulbanquets. The followingarticle depicts some of theirmoxe extravagant customs in ahi ghly interesting f ashion.During the time of Cicero aspendthrift, given to the pieasuresof the table, paid theequivalent of four thousandclollars for a dish of roastedsong birds, and it is record,edthat Caligula squandered ahunclred times that amount onone repast. Caesar served. atypical Roman full-course dinnelto sixty-six thousand personsat ceremonies incident tothe burial of his daughter; andthe statesman Crassus gave abanquet to rvhich he invited allthe citizens of Rome. Claucliusgar.e entertainments that wereas frequent as they rvere splendiil,and generall,v where therervas such ample room that ver.r79often six hundred guests satdown together.It is plain from anecdotes relatedabout Lucullus that hedelighted to spend huge sumson his table. On one occasionwhen he entertained Cicero andPompey at dinner in the Apoilo(the name of one of his bestdining rooms), the costamounted to over ten thousanddollars. The story is also toldof him that once when he wasto sup alone, there being onlyone course, and that but mocXeratelyfurnished, he callecl hissteward and reproved him. Thesteward answerecl that as therewere no guests expected, hehad supposed there woulcl beno need for special viands.lVhereupon LuclLllus said,"What, did you not know, then,that today Lucullus dines withLucullus ? ".T1HE wealthy kept game pre-I serves around their villas'where were to be found, pheasants,flamingos, guinea for'v},peacocks, geese and partridges.Hortensius, tbe great ora tor,was the first to kil1 peacocks tobe served up as a dish at thetable, and the occasion was thatsolemn feast which he madewhen he wasconsecrated highpriest.Aufidius Lurco firstfattenecl peacocks for food andsold them in the market-placefor so much that his yearly incometherefrom was sixtythousand sesterces.

20The menus of one of thesebanquets makes extraordinaryreading. There were seahedgehogs,oysters, mussels,and other shellfish, sea-nettles,sea-acorns, both black a n dwhite, snails, thrushes wiUr asparagus,duck and fowl ofmany kinds, hare, pork, beef,lamb, venison, boar's hea

tC.niJec cP Mcccluuo?bg Do*ini.k Lo*onicomatter is becoming a'T\HEI serious subject of dis-I cussion. Wtto rankshigher in 1930 football, Carideoor Macaluso ? Both have beennamed on practically everyAll-American team seiected,and both have been recognizedas among the greatest playersof the game. But which oneranks higher?Either way, it is an Italianwho has run off with the 1930footbail honors, to the justifiablepride of every young (andold) Itaiian-American whomakes sports his hobby. Wecannot venture to say whetherCarideo is greater as a footballplayer than Macaluso, or viceversa, but we will present thearguments for both sides of thediscussi'on, and leave it to ourreaders, and to time, to decid.e.Let us consider Macaluso first.I'here is hardly a schoolboyin the country who does notknow that Leonard Macalusois the highest scorer in intercollegiatefootball t'oday, with144 points chalked up to hiscredit in the nine regularlyscheduled games of his team.This is ail the more remarkablewhen one consiclers thatthe past year has not producedmany high-scoring backfieldmen. The two other playerswho were tied for second. placein the Eastern football scoringrecords did not even breakthrough the century mark, havingtallied 96 points each. Andfourth place, incidentally, wastaken by another Italian, BartViviano of Cornell, with 90points.But to get back to Macaluso.I{ow has this 195-lb. Italian boyscored his 19 touchd,owns, inaddition to his 27 points aftertouchdown and his single 3-point fieldgoai? Not by sensationalendruns, or slashingoff-tackle p1ays, but by thesheer driving power of hiscannon-ball plunges throughthe line, plunges that neverfailed to net gains, short gains,it is true, but always dependableones. For Macaluso isnot primarily an open-field runner,but a line-smasher.It was just before the benefitgame with New York University,after the regular seasonwas over, that his coach,Andy Kerr, proudly declaredthat Macaiuso had never beenstopped inside of the opposition's5-yard line in all the nineregular games of the season.But the powerful Violet linedemonstrated that even Maca-Iuso couid be stopped, for inthat game the latter, after havingcarried the ball almostsingle-handed in a 33-yarddrive toward the opposinggoa1, was finally halted fouryards from his objective. Thiswas something that had neverhappened before, although itmust by no means be inferredthat his touchdowns have beenrun up against minor opposition,for fifteen of them havebeen scored against major opponents.I S Macaluso's coach sa5's,I I *he is not a flashy player,nor as versatile as, say, Neversor Amos, but he is a consistentgainer who has the punch everytime it is needed, and that is21my idea of an All-Americanplayer. He is the most improvedplayer I have seen thisyear, and in all my experienceI have never seen any man improveso much in one season.tnHis poise and self-assuranceon the football field does notat all constitute conceit. "It isthe natural confidence a mangains in himself when he hasworked hard to improve himselfand has succeeded. He hasperfect command over himseifand can beat anybody on thesquad in a 20-yard sprint. " Notfor nothing did he prepare himselffor the 1930 footbail seasonby wielding a sledge-hammeras a member of a road constructiongang last Summer.DROFESSIONAL football?I r\ot for ]facaluso. Afterthe East-West game on thePacific Coast on New Year'sDay, when he wound up hisfootball career, and after hisgraduation, he is going to tryto enter the diplomatic servicein the Italian Embassy at.Washington. He is alreadypartiaily preparing for it bytaking up stenographic workon the side.Summing up, Macalus,o'sgreatest asset is his tremendousdrive, a drive that hasresulted in the high figure of19 touchdowns. His technique,so to speak, harks back to theheyday of football, when powerand brawn were the things thataccounted for touchdowns.And, playing with a team that / i,is inferior to, say, Notre Dame,he has made it one of the high- /est scoring teams in the coun-

22try.On the other hand, as opposedto this bludgeon, tr'rankCarideo, quarterback of NotreDame, is a rapier. He is ahighly intelligent pilot, an expertpunter, forward passerand runner, and (as in the caseof Xfacaluso) the most valuabieman on his team. This asidefrom the fact that the most importantman on any l{otreDame team usually is the quarterback.IiR.\NK C,\RIDtrO is one ofI tlrc brainiest directirrg generalsthe game has ever produced.As one sports writerhas aptly put it: "'Ihis year'sAll-American will consist ofCarideo ancl ten other players."Of course, it is a foregoneconclusion that he will berepresenteci o n practicallyeYery such team oompileil, tooccupy the position he alsolreld or the Ail-American lastyear.In a recent Associated Pressconsensus of All-American selections,composed of the contributionsof 273 sports editorsand writers from all over thecountry, Carideo not only wonAll-r\merican honors, but hepolled the greatest popularvote ever recorded in the sixyearhistory of that organization'sconsensus, with a totalof 388 votes out of a possible426. Of the 213 first-choice ballotscast (rvhich counted. twopoints as against one point fora second-team choice), he receivod184. In all fairness toMacaluso, it must be addedthat he also won, by a com-ATLANTICA,. JANUARY, 1931fortable margin, a first-teamposition in this national selection.And the Veteran Athletes ofPhiladelphia, an organizationrn'hich holds an annual dinnerat which it awards trophies toindividuals, teams or clubs forwinning championships or forsome other outstancling performancein their respectivefields of sport cluring the previousyear, has namecl FrankCarideo the outstanding footballplayer of the ,vear. In thiscase, too, Macaluso will also behonored at their dinner to beheld at the end of this Janr:rar-v.Carideo's greatest asset ishis uncanny ability to find aweak spot in the opposition,and then to keep harnmeringaway at it until results havebeen obtaineil. This is simp1;.another wa;. of saying that heis a great field general. Buthe also has an educated toe andan accurate arm. His expertlyplaced kicks and the numerousand well-directed passes throrvnby him have been a big factorin keeping Notre Dame at itspresent high football ranking.Knute Rockne himseif has acknowledgedhis good fortunein that Carideo has gonethrougir his football careerwithout any serious mishaps,for his loss to the team wouldbe irueparable. The wholeplan of attack of the NotreDame team, one of strategy, iscentered on this X{ount \iernonItalian.r\HARACTtrRISTICALLY.\--r the Italians of his hometown have heaped honors andglory upon him, as well asmade him an honorar-v rnemberof the Italian Civic Associationof }Iount Vernon. Theresidents of that town rvell rememberhow their Frank, yearsago, won the LeRoy Mills Cupfor his all-arounil kicking abilityat Mount Vernon HighSchooi, and how he left DeanAcademy after two years (duringwhich time he was transformedfrom a fullback into aquarterback) and clecided toenter Notre Dame to bring outthe best football he had in him.And it certainiy has emerged !Like Macaluso, !'rank Carideowili not turn professionr,l afterhis graduation. Accordingto his 17-,vear-old brother Angelo,who played quarterbackfor Mount \rernon High Schoolthis past season, and followingin the footsteps of his illustriousbrother, 'won the LeR,oyIIills Cup, "Frank will probablycoach in the tr'a1l and keepon directing Camp St. Georgein Wisoonsin each summer. Hespecializes in physical educationat Notre Dame, but maystudy medicine if he coachessome place where there's aqood course."A ND here we will leave theI \ question, still unanswered,in the hands of our readers.Which is the greater footballplayer of these tl'o unanimous,\11-American selections ? Is itMacaluso, t)re plunging, piledrivingfullback and far andawa)r the highest soorer in thecountry, or is it Carideo, one ofthe brainiest of field generalsand an all-around backfieldstar l

-A Finonci.l l-i eolth E^.minotitnbu Mnnnsln Sfonlns lQrLnsrnnment diet, but even the exPeriencedinvestor will see the wisdomof changing the ploportionof his various types of se-Merryle Stanley Rukeyser,known to millions of readersas a frnancial guide and counsellor,associate editor of Nation'sBusiness, f ormer frnancialeditor of the New YorkTribune, Vanity Fa:ir, and theNew York Evening lournal,author of "Financial Adviceto a Young Man" and "TheCommon Sense of Money andInvestments," Associate intournalism (in FinancialWriting) at Columbia Uni'versity, and the intimate ofthe frnancial and industria!leaders oI the country, beginsin this issue of ATLANTICA,ftis series of articles on theinvestor and his opportunities.Appropriately enough f orthis time of the year, he dis'cusses the advisability of the"annual financial health examination."curities at clifTerent stages ofthe busjness cycle. In the Presentsituation, with eviclence ofmaximum trade depression athand, the investor is like1;' tobe tempted to increase the ratioof funds invested in thehighest grade of commonstocks,/-f\HE last vear and a half hasI probabl;: revealed man)'seriousmistakes in judgment inmaking originai c.ommitments.Where this is true, the investorcan do best for his estateand for his orvn peace of mindby facing realities and adjustinghis course to them. tr'or ex-23HE prudent inr.estor haslearned the rvisd,orn ofmaking at least an annuaiaudit of his investmentportfolio. This January it isespecially important to takeinventory of investment holdingsin view of the ravagesrvrought on security prices 1tya year and a third of panic andIicluidating markets.The problem before tire iirvestoris not whether his depleciatedsecurities rvill come backin price, but whether his capital,appraised" at current marketvalues, is invested as eflicientl,vas possible under presentconditions, in the light ofhis own special requirements.Even conservative investorsoperate somewhat on surmiseconcerning the future. Accordingl.v,it is a part of goodinvestment management t ocheck up on expectations periodicallr.and to correct earliermistakes, Furthermore, e\rerlif the original selection wasrnade u'ith 100 per cent acctlracy,the investor wiil frequent-11. want to change his financialpolicy to take advantage ofshifting conditions.Iror example, at the top ofa boom, when stock prices arenotoriousl.v high, the prudentinvestor will seek to get on asrrear a cash basis as possible,increasing his ratio of cash andshort term notes. Later in thec,vcle he will desire to shift intolong term bonds, then into preferredlstock, and gradually intocommon stocks.X'or the ordinary investor itis. better to have a balanced,rather than a lop-sided investample,one substantial investrnentbanking house recentlypointed out : " Take the case ofthe man who is holiling someboncls and stocks that are valuedat the present time at say,$25,000. They may have costhim $50,000, and may havebeen worth $100,000 at thepeak.rrr;r ]{ft state o I u lTa i rs isI apt to lead to wlatamounts to a moratorium onhis thinking about his securities.Ife ma.v feel that his holdingsare badl;' balanced as betr,veenbonds and stocks, andas between tlifferent issues. Hemay even feei that some of hissecurities are not the kind thathe would orclinarily buy, butconsciously or unconsciously,he makes up his mind to deferdoing anything about it untilthe market value has gone uPmore nearly to his cost. Hecan't quite reconcile himself tothe fact that the present marketvalue of his holdirrgs is thesame thing as the number ofdollars represented by thatmarket value."Whjle this kind of thinkingis natural enough, it is hard)-vriseful, Thele is no real clifferencebetween the problem of investing$25,000 in cash and$25,000 represented b.v securities.There is no reason to belier.ethat the $25,000 representedby securities rvill beworth $50,000 any sooner thanthe $25,000 in cash which isproperiy invested at this time.As a matter of fact, if theholder himseif feels that hispresent holdings are not prop-

I24erly suited to his needs, he isprobably right, and the chancesof adding to and preservingthe $25,000 are better if he doessomething about it. At anyrate, it is a matter that isworth considering and discussingwith a competent investmenthouse. t'Holders of equity securitiestake a risk as to whether pros-Perit}' will return. Precedenceindicates that it will, in time;but of course that conclusion isonly based on inference. Evenif general prosperity returnsrvithin the next year or two,many weaker concerns will becrowded out in the meantime.To some extent the strongestand best managecl companieswill gain relatively over theircompetitors. Ac c o r d i n g 1 y,those who switch from the securitiesof weak companies tothose of strong companies reducetheir risks, assuming onlythe hazard of a return of businessprosperitl' stt4 eliminatingthe second. risk of whetherthe company whose securitiesthey hold wiII survive.T T IS good investment policyr to have an annual financialhealth examination. The needfor it is especially acute thisyear. Other things being equal,it is best to conclude after examiningone's portfolio, tostand pat. Needless shifting ofsecurities should be avoided,for such a programme tendsonly to enrich the broker whogets commissions for purchasesand sales. Other things beingequal, it is best for the investorto keep what he has, forin so doing he obviates thetrouble of reporting profits orlosses to the government forincome bax purposes, an,il. saves brokerage commissionsand transfer taxes. The objectiveof the periodical financiaihealth examination is to detect,as early as possible, any impairmentin investment values,and to switch out of deterior-ATLANTICA, JAIIUARY, 1931ating issues while there is ;.ettime.Once a year at least the investorshould challenge theright of every security to remainin his safe deposit box.In the case of bonds, for examp1e,the investor shouid inquirethrough his bank or otherlinancial advisol how manytimes the borrower is earningM erryle Stanley Rukeyserinterest requirements, andwhether the trend of earningsis upward or downward. If thetrend of earnings is downward,the investor should inquire asto whether it is merely a reflectionof general depression inthe trade, or whether there issome special weakness in thatparticular compan.Y. If in timesof general depression a companykeeps its relative placein the industrr, it is doing satisfactorily.Government bonds,of course, are not dependentupon earning powbr, but on thegeneral tax power of sovereignstates. Therefore, it is not necessaryto make quite as minutea study of government issues,especially if original commitmentsare made only in bondsof a high grade. As a roughguide the investor should ascertainwhether his bonds aredoing as well marketwise asthat general class of security,and if they are, there is no speeialground for concern.A similar criterion should beapplied in inventorying preferredstocks, which, like bonds,should assure safety of principaland regularity of income.Unless the dividend is earnedby a substantial margin, theholder is indulging in a onesideclspeculation. His potentialloss is unlimited, except bythe amount of his investrnent,whereas his profit is definitelycircumscribed by the stipulateddividend rate.In evaluating common stockinvestments, the investor, ofcourse, realizes that his possibleprofit is unlimlted by anyform of stipulation, inasmuchas the residual profits amassedby a company after meetingprior obligations accrue to thebenefit of holders of commonstock.The common stock holdershould watch for annual financialreports and interim statementsof earnings, and shouldfocus his attention on whetherearning power has been goingbackward or forward. In timeof depression he should seek tofind out whether his companyhas been doing as well as theaverage in this industry, ornot. In the first nine monthsof 19,30, though 640 companiesshowed a decline of 24.42 percent in profits over the correspondingperiod of L929, 720especially favored corporationsactually reported gains in netincome for the first n i n emonths of 1930, as comparedwith the same period of 1929.rr1HE common stock investorI should, in periods of nusinessreadjustment, scrutinizethe success his company hashad in adjusting itself to newconditions, such as reducingoperating expenses and oontrollinginventories.In times of trouble, the bestmanaged companies prove theirrelative status through superiorleadership and also because

tA FINANCiAL HtrALTH E,XAMI}IATION25Ihey har.e the reserves for actluiringweak competitors onadvantageous terms.'I-HE investor, in formulatring a policy at this time,should regard his surpluswealth as a fluid investmentfund which has a present liquidatingvalue; he should keephis mind free of the superstitionthat he must keep what hehas, irrespective of altered fundamentalconditions. The problemof the efficient investor isnot rvhether his holdings shou'a profit or a loss over the originalpurchase price, butwhether his funds, here andnow, are invested to the bestpossible advantage with due regardto the peculiar requirementof the individuai and alsoto current economic changes.If the investor sees occasionfor reorienting his investmentviewpoint, he will find it especiallysignificant this yearwhen market conditions givehim an opportunity to buyoutstanding industrial, railroadand public utility sharesat a distincUy lower price earningsratio, on a cheaper basis interms of assets and dividendyield, than has been the casefor severai years.The annual financial auditehould also include a re-examinationby the investor of hisown objectives and life financialgoai, when he balanceshis books to decidewhether he has made any prognesstoward achieving his ultimatefinancial independence.lle shoultl not think of himselfas a tradel in securities, butas the builder of an estate inwiLich other raw materials besidessecurities ale neecled tocarr\- out his plan. He shouldinclurle life, non-cancellable accidentand health insurance,annuities, property insuranceanrl a savings account.In buying securities, the investorshouid g:uard himselfagainst the hazarils of unduebargain hunting, which mighttend to give his portfolio anunbalanced, 1op-sided character.As a hedge against theuncertainties of the future, theinvestor should adhere to abalanced program, ir,cludingshort and long term bondsr preferredstocks, and high gradecommon shares. Even thoughthe more venturesome will betempted to alter the proportiorrof the different ingredients accordingto changes in the businesscycle, the conservative investorwill still adhere to theprinciples of a balanced diet.R ESIDES inventorying hisn security holdings, the investorshould also re-examinehis family budget and lay outa tentative investment schedulefor the year 1931. Though heneed not select his actual securitypurchases in advance,he ought to have a general ideaof how much he will save andwhat his rnore generai policywill be in regard to investments.Emphasis must beplaced not only on the businessoutlook but also on the presentstatus of the individual investor'sportfolio. rF *UPS AND DOWNSThe necessity of widespreadpublic charities to take care ofthe unemployed this winter is,of course, a scathing indictmentagainst our economic system,which has temporarilvrelegated numerous would-beworkers to semi-pauperism.Apart from emergency reiiefmeasul'es, it behooves our economicleaclers to stud-v theproirlem of stabilizing business.This wili call for: a programmeof coorclination ancl cooperationin place of the anarchicalbusiness which has hithertoprevailed. The country is nowpaying the price of competitionrun riot' Jr r* rF ,rRichard l('hi,tney, presidentof the }{ew York Stock Enclzange,recentl,g remarked tome that the real, turn upwardi,n the market i,s waiting lor i,nd,i,cati,onsthat busi,ness has fund,amental,l,yi, m p r o u e d,. Inother word,s, he shares in thebel,ief that business 'i,mprouementoui,ll preced,e, rather .thanfoll,ow, a change of course inthe stockryarfet, +The government, in seekingto bolster up farm prices, attackedthe economic problemfrom the r,vrong end. It hassought to aid the producer, atieast the producer of agriculturalproducts. Help for theconsumer is more to the point.In explaining this viewpoint,Julian Goldman, head of a retailchain which bears hisname, recently told me: "Iwould strongly urge a national'boy nowt movement, withevery famiiy pledged to purchase$100 worth of goods,forthwith, this goods to be thekind of merchandise that theywould not have purchased. AIlthe commodities that have beenbought on the instaliment plancluring the period of 1921 to1929, have in the main beenpaid for, because during thepast year, the public has beenmeeting its obligations andmaking very few new purchases.This is not a situationwhere bankers, alone, can help,or where hoarded savings canbe of benefit, except insofar asthey can finance the buyingpower of the consumer, and herealizes that it is within hisscope to improve conditions,make secure for himself, hisown employnrent and simultaneor-'rslyprovide work forthe unemployed." The reservoir that shouldbe tapped at this time is thebuying power of the consumer,which can do more than anyother force to start the wheelsof industry, and as the goodsbought by the consumers need(Continued on. page 32)

It. lu', "Doprl.t.rr" MovementIINow the Government of Itall',although avowedlY notaYerse to the use of forcewhenever needed, saw at oncethat the very iclea of comPulsionwould have wrecked' itsDoytolauoro Programme. TheState, to be successful, mustnot eYen appear anxious; itmust limit itself to shorving theadvantages of beionging to theorganisation which it sPonsors.But it must also foliow, in suPplyingthese aclvantages, a definitepolic-v, which ma.v be describedas sirfoid:1. It must better the worker'shealth.2. It must imProve the n-orker'smincl.3. It must entertain theworker.4. It must develoP the worker'sindiviclual Personaiit;',thus neutralising the factorYstandardisation.5. It must strengthen thex'orker's morals.6. It must cost the tvorkerctlmost nothing, )'et something-like the twoPennY Bibies of. the Bilble SocietY.Of what facilities, then, canthe D opolau ori.sta disPose ?It will appear obvious at theoutset that the endless varietiesof Italian t.vPes, I'astl,v divergingin stages of culturald.evelopment, in tastes, in habitatand climatic requirementsthe Piedmontese AlPs-fromto the sponge fisheries of SicilYentail such differentiation-will in the manner of suPPlYingDoytol,aaoro helPfulnessthat no hard-and-fast Programmeof the mod,us oYterandi'Bu Dn. Bnuno lQ".nlllof that organisation can be given.But as I have promised. toattempt a clescription of the" giant, " I shail indulge in anincomplete, rough sketch.Broadh. speaking, each large?fiis is the second and concludinginstallment of Pro[essorRose/,li's authotitativedescription oI ltaly's Iamous"Afterwork" movement andits relation to the S/ate.Italian factory, and. each communitywith a considerablenumber of toilers engaged inmechanical work even if scatteredamong several factoriesand laboratories, will have itsown Doytolauoro branch, centeringin a clubhouse or meetingplace totally unconnected(except topographicailY)'withthe place or personnel familiarto the worker through dailYtoil; such buildings to be adequatellsupplied with newspapers,baths, larger or smalleropen-air courts or field-s forsports, and so on. Thus far,the picture I have Painted isthat of a plainlY aPPointed Y'I,{. C. A.; but the simiiarit-vstops there. The ltalian factoryworker, ver)r alert but toooften uned.ucated, or elsetrained, a1as, as a social rebelby would-be rebels, knows a1-most nothing about his owncountry and his orvn civilisationas a rn'hole ! SurelY hernust know their glories if heis to love them: so he is givenfree admission and exPertguidance to museums, gaileries,archaeological excavations, etc.26I-Ie must read about them: sohe is given a d.iscount on certainbooks, small on volumes ofmore limited usefulness to hirn,ver.v large on certain plain historicalancl geographical treatises,primcrs on cir.ics, etc.And he also ought to know itin a ph;-sical sense, this countr,1'61 his which is now at lastconcerning itself with the low-1)- and humble: so he is givencertain substantial railroad reductionsfitting his neecls. Thisis the n'ay it r,l.orks: In a countr;,-rvhich already has a differentialrailroacl tariff, so thatyour first mile costs you threecents but your five-hundredth(in tire same general direction)Iess'than one cent, any groupof five or fifty dopolauori,stifrom any one town whichwants to visit any other townbetween late Saturday afternoonand early Monday morning,obtains a further 50 percent reduction.And n-hen tbe d,oltolauori,stastarts off on his little outing,he knows that his life is 100 percent. insured ! Of course youhave heard so much about theregularit;. of train service inFascist ltai;. f[s1you may consitlerthis last clause as onlya beau, geste; but you must notforget that the Doy:ola',-oro willsometimes carry 10,000 or moreathletes or gymnasts of a Sunday,to all sorts of sports, someof rvhich are quite risky; Yetnot onl.v during the brief hoursof transportation, but w'h'i'trecompeti,ng an d performtngthose lives are insured automaticallyby the punch whichthe d,opolauori,sta, receives on

Lris inembership calcl t'heu hestarts off. No wonder colternporaryItalian athletes carr1. offso man)- international trophies:they train without worries.Tlrose cards (called tessereas in Roman days), uniformthroughout Ital,v, u-ith the 0.I'.D.-Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro-anda flaming alt.rr engravedon them, are a g'oclsenclto entile families. Ancl perliapsthe greatest beneficiar,vthereof is the young marriedwoman, whom it automaticaii"vhelps through the tr;.ing periodof childbirth, special provisionsbeing made for her bybire factorl ancl by her co-rvolkers,as explained and exemplifiedin an eariier part of m1' address.The withdrawal of thetessera through "indignit.v,"such as is brought about by ajail sentence or other seriousoffense, is therefore a caiamityfor her at such a time. Is itnecessary to call the attentionof my patient hearers to theadvantages in the administrationof justice and in thehealthy check on criminalit;' bvhas profitedl'hieh Itaiythrough this granting :rndwithdrawing of nation-rvidecards, the possession orabsence of which supplies aprima facie evidence of goodcharacter or unreliability?flowel'er, the young motheris uot the onl;' mernber of thefamil-v anxious to retain a tes',scra worth far more than itsweight in gold. The ri'holc Italianfamily unites in enlarging'lnd beautifying (sometimes actuailybuilding) their home inthe spare hours with the instructionsminutely and carefullygiven by the O. N.D.,irhich also teaches them howand rvhen to plant vegetablesrn tiny garden plots, clistributesseeds and flower bulbs, andgenerally teaches love of homethrough beautY of and' ior,tttu,ork f or home.Let us now pass on to extranruralactivities. While sPortsITALY'S''DOPOI,AVORO" X{O\ EMENTof every description are naturallythe chief single item amongthe actir.ities of the Dopolacolo,mllsic comes as a closesecond, as might have been expectedin Italy. Music in a1lits forms : classes in choralsinging, teaching of musical instruments,large reduction intickets for operas and concerts,formation of local bands; evenwithin the same town it is notuncommon to have two or moreDoytolau-oro musical bands, sothat one of the chief diversionsof certain cities norvaclays i.that of a Sunda,v competitionof tlre Do'pola,uoro band of onelarge factory with that of another,thus re-inforcing the intra-mnrales'prit de corps ofeach of the competing groupsof toilers, just as happensamong colleges in Canada andin the United States when agood game of lacrosse or basebalLis being played.Ancl after music, dramatics;good, bad, and indifferent,timehonoured pieces or originalproductions, but at any et entubicluitous and colorful. Donot expect a Broadway mise en,scdne; but see how much yelcan get with five dollars' worthof costumes and five thousanddollars' worth of resourcefulness!The ltaiian's love forself-expression, combined withhis well-known and probablyunsurpassed histrionic instinct,oftentimes produce unexpectedl.vfine dramatic results ri'ithmaterial cltan'n from the drudger"vof factory existence. Ioright to add that in order torender acceptable the moresought-after dramatic pieces,the O.N.D. has obtained for itspla;-houses special rates on authors'rights. Also, b.r. a somewhatcomplex s)'gfsm based onsupply as. contemplated ilernandand not very dissinilarfrom those of metropolitan"cut price ticket agents," theclopolauori,sta, can see at iowcost excellent shows, both originaland filmed, at any of the27regular Italian theatres, if hedoes not mind the lcss desirableplaces; the actual entrancefee, which entitles bearer tostanding room, being uniforrn-I.r- reducecl b"r- 50 pel cent.I leferred above, in passirrg,to the ver_v impoltant insuranceclanse of the Dopolctuoro,which gil'es everv member ofthe O.AI.D. a certain amount offree insurance, incicLentall5r actingas a check on his state ofhealth and on his activities. Iinigirt add here tliat special arrangemerrts\\rere made b)- theO.|\T.D. with the radio broadcastingcompanies; that theclopolauorisla enjo.1.s a 10 to25 per cent. reduction on ph.vsicians'and druggists' bills,and, in mant- cascs, cor:responclingr:ebates on food, clothing,etc. I a,nd, last but not least, thata free map4azine enters hishome, l4rich is peculiarl;' adaptedto tastes and needs. Mylist is, I fear, far from complete;itut, at any rate, theseare, or appear to me, the mostimportant of the man-y privilegesand benefits of this typicaliyItalian organisation.But such lists give a paleidea of the spirit created by theO.N.D. in the Italian massesrvhich only eight years agorvere steeped in the cruel beliefthat class war is the toiler'sdail;' food and ultimate ideal,and rvhich went cursing frombar rooms and Socialist clubsto fzrctories, only to preparc theda5. when they hoistecl red flagsall over those factories-whichwere dul;' closed dorvn trvoweeks later, because the workersdid not hnow how to runthem. Now the Italian is proudof his country, true; and forthis he is oftentimes frownedupon b;' his neighbours, unaccustomedto this novel attitude :but in the last analysis he isproucl of his country, not becauseJre hates any particularneighbour, but because he is alsoproud of his farm, of hishome, of his famil;', of his vil-

28lage; it is a sweetly possessive,not an arrogant, approach topatriotism! And the O.I{.D.fosters all these healthy andupbuilding loves, which attachthe individuai to the section ofsociety that is nearest to him;so it is hardly fair to accusethat individual of nationalismin the customarily aggressivemeaning of the term.Surely nothing could be lessnation-wide yet more insPiringlynational than the spiritof the participants in the mostgorgeous spectacle which theO.N.D" has staged so far; theFoik-lore and Original CostumeExhibition, which was organisedlast year and staged inthe most beautiful square inthe world, Ptazza San Marco inVeniee. What that historicspot looked like during the fantasticallyiighted parade of theseveral thousancl villagersfrom the most remote cornersof Italy, all wearing their picturesquerustic costumes andsinging their time-honoured 1ocalsongs, no tongue or pencould fittingly describe. X'rom9 p. m. to 3 a. m. the large Piazzawas all a galaxy and abuoyancy and a symPhonY ofcolours and lights and songs;ATLANTICA, JANUARY, T93Tand the i,nt ell,r,g ents'da, especiallycome from all over Europe,and the 6lite,reluctantly drawnfrom Lido's languorous revels,united for once in erying formore and yet more; they couldnot, they would not bear to seethe proud villagers depart fortheir distant and often ill-accessiblehabitats, whence theyhad been brought down by theclever O.N.D., on the promiseof almost free transportationas a reward for faithfulnessand quaintness of traditionalattire. It was a liberal educationfor performers and publicalike; and it was an educationof the mind through the heart,as behooved Mediterranean pupils.When, at the first approachesof dawn (for therewas restlessness in the velve$'night and the stars were beginningto sense the oncoming ofthe great intruder), the chieftainsof the Albanian communitiesof Sicily, which fled tothat island from the Moslemonslaught six eenturies &go,walked gravely down theSquare in their Oriental gownsand ancestral jewelry andpriceless heirlooms, andagainst the glittering Byzantinemosaics of San Marco sangthe Greek Orthodox Easterchants in the Albanian language,strange vistas of thatQueen of the Adriatic who"held the gorgeous East infee" presented themselves tothe dazed and almost transfiguredvisitors, many of whomhad unaccustomed tears in theireyes and nervous sobs in theirthroats. lVhat dignity, whattragedy, what beauty, what inheritance,what responsibility !Ihe Crescent and the Cross, thescimitars and the rafts, Janizariesand harems, Byzantiumand Rome, Sicilian hilltops andVenice the Anadyomene-theyall appeared present and realto our ecstatic gaze, throughthe unieashing of imaginationfanned bv the long vigil.Thus Italy, old and forevernew, eternal, united in a synthesisof unsurpassed loveiinessnumberless pages of historyand of art; urging relentlesslyforward, under the aegisof an organisation which foresawand faced one of the gravestproblems of to-day and ofto-morrow, the children of aland which gave to thb worldseveral of its most significantyesterdaysDREAMSAll that we are not i,ve dream we are.Without dreatns Life lvouid be unlivable'The Ugly dream they are beautiful'The Diab dream colorful in their dreams.The Loveiess are beloved and adored.The Dull are toastecl for their rn'it aud charm.Those aspiring to fame already see their namebefore the eYes of the Public.But too often these dream lives are confusedr,vith realityAnd the dreamers, content,Lose themselves in a land of enveloping mistAnd become as Chanselings.So let me dream ttoi'ii i" dreaming I lose thatgoalWhichl have set for myself in Life"--Donornv Bilrrenel'or

Thr Arrcssin"f thn Tnnn,Bu Gno'io DnlnJJ"Tnonrlol"J {"o- tl'n llolio. L,J 5o*t"l Pti^o*HERE lived one time inOrune, an untamed Sardinianvillage, situatedon a high mountain and famedfor its feuds, two friends, theone a poor man, the other wellto-do.The poor one bore the narneof Martinu Selix. He was nicknamed"Musket-shot," perhapsbecause he employed thatword more often than any otheras an expletive. Otherwise, hedid not appear to be ferociouslyinclined, and, as a matter offact, he was not able to makeuse of a gun, since he was toopoor to buy one, along with thenecessarlr permit to bear arms.He leci the life of a farmer,sowed much grain, was .voung'strong, of a ruddy complexion,with very b1ack, sullen and suspiciouseyes.Sarvatole Jacohbe, the wellto-doone, on the other hand,was a sort of sma1l land.-holder. His native costumewas set off rvith a velvet jacket.He owned lordlY acres' andwhenever he went abroad, hecarried a powder-horn, attachedto a great biack-silkcord. He possessed cattle,horses, dogs, two servants, anda large tract of 1and, plantedin old-olive and wild-olive trees.He had a beautiful sister andmuch conceit.Ever;.b6fly sri4 t "Martinuthinks he is somebody becausehe goes around with SarvatoreJacobbe. He thinks Sarvatoreis going to give him his sisterfor a wife. "But Musket-shot did noteven think of such a thing. Herendered nunerous delicateservices to his friend; someii*"*,when the latter was atNuoro on business, or when hervas busy with elections, NIartinuwould stroll over to thesheep-fold to see that the shePherdwas cloing his clutY andthat everything .was all right.In short, he performed. a hundredsmall services of one sortor another; nor did he find anYhumiliation in this, excePtwhen the beautiful Paskawould look at him as if he werea servant, or when she sometimeswould make fun of him.The rvomen of Orune arebeautiful, proud, rough-mannered,shrewd, endowed with asavage intelligence. TheY sPeaka marvelous language of theirown, warm, witty, full of fantasticimagery; theY feign enthusiasm,wrath, wondermentover many things; theY rvearembroi

30fireplace, making cheese. Fora moment he stood aside andregarded her coldly, colLghingand clearing his throat familiarly.Then, not knorving whatelse to say, he took it upon himselfto criticize the way inwhich she shaped the cheeses,hesitating as to whether sheshould make a chicken or ahare out of the lower portion.tt Come on, t' he saicl, ttgir.eit a slap, like this, and this,and don't u'aste time trying tomake those silly things, sinceit's all going to be eatenr or;rway!"She flushecl and replieclhaughtily: "What busi,ness isit of ;'ours ? Oh, no doubt, youknow al] about it. You'r.e hadso much experience of ;-ourown !"It was Martinu's turn toflush now. With these words,Paska had thrown his povert,vin his face."Musket-shot!" he exclaimec'I,beside himself, "if,vou speak to me like that again,f 'll box your ears, so help meChrist !"And he went ax'a,r., offendedand mortified.'I'hen Sarvatore ilecided tograft all the wild-olive and oldolivetrees on his uncultivatedland. He wishecl to make a fineplantation out of it. It was inthe va11ey of the Isalle, adjoiningthe river of that name, andit was, without doubt, a veryfertile plot, ancl as fair a oneits ever was.qAR,\-AT()RE ploceeded tou set about the thing irr tlrcelaborate manner in whichthe rich landor,r'ners of thecountry about Nuoro did theirgrafting. He invitecl ali hisfarmer friends and those menwho were the most efficient atthe task. Al1 gave their serr'-ices free, but in return, the;'enjoyed a very fine dav, onefilled with song and with anabundance of good things toeat^ ft n'as, in a double senseATLANTICA, JANUARY, 1931of the rvord, more a bucolicfestival than a day of toii; foreven the shepherds took part inthe ceremony; and a Latinpoet-if there were one leftwouldhal'e founcl materiai fora most delightful eclogue inthe scene.f\N THtr dal'appoirtte,l. the\-/ fi.rr6* oi soi"ato'e Jacobbecame to the orcharclclose.The.v came on horseback,with their women mountedon pillions behind them.The padrone's shepherds camealso, with live sheep, stupidlooking creatures, bound totheir saddles, and with freshcheese in their pouches. In ashort time, the fires were kindleclunder the gray old-olivetrees, and the smoke leapecl upin gloriorrs columns througirthe deep-blue. May smiled inthe valley; the horses, canteLingabout, broke down the tallgrasses; \vaves of silver grainrose anil fell in the distance;the oleanders bent their tuftecldark-coral buds over thegreen waters of the river; and\!arm scents passed on thebreeze.The shepherds busied themselvesdoing a 1ittle bit of ererything.They openecl thebeehives, drar,r'ing forth thehoneSr, warm and yellow asmolten gold; the"v cut thethroats of the sheep anclskinned the beasts, lifting thebluish pelts from the bared redflesh; they cooked meat-puildingsin the glowing cindersand roasted the meat on iongspits of wood, jesting andlaughing rvith the women folkn'ho helped them.Paska was, of natural right,the queen of the occasion. Theother rvomen, hovering abouther like serving-maicls, woulclnot allow her to do any work,herself ; but she presiclecl, withh e r tall Bvzantine figure,which, ever-Y norv ancl then,would cluiver like the slenderriver-rushes.At a iittle distance apart, thefarmers were sawing away, attentively,almost religiousll',at the twisied trunks of thewild-olir.'e and old-olive trees.Pietro llaria Pinnedda, famedfor his skill at grafting, rvouldgo from one group to another,iooking on rvith his big malignantgray eyes. His face wasfull-blooiled, and a young -ve}-low beard adorned lds cheeks.Har.ing placed the sprout onthe eloven trunk, bright ye1lowin appearance, he would binclit straight with a wiilow-withe;then, he rvould cover it withloam, made into a paste, uponwhich after Pietro Maria'sfier';- finger had heen pressedalound the sprout, he wouidmake the sign of the cross, asan augury of and a prayer forgood 1uck. Finallv, he x.ould,fashion about the graft a smalltriangle of India-fig-1eaf, as aprotecting cap against the increasingand fructiffingwarmth of the sun.A ND so, from tree 1o ,t'*",I \ the wild, hair-like foliageof the oiives rolled on the tallflou.ering grasses while theplanters spoke of bandits, ofbusiness matters, of trees andtree-planting, and of women,and told old tales of times past.Their ileep r.oices rose like aweild song. It seemed the wildcry of a soul, which lr'ept as itsang, dying away in the distance,among the trees, beneathwhich the grass presen'ed alarge ring of more intensefreshness, amid the silences ofthe valiey and the river, andbeyond the river. And then,the arabesque gourds, fiiledwith red wine, began to circulate,warming stil1 more thebiooil of these fierce men withthe gleaming teeth and thecoarse dark clothes.Martinu lent a hand to all.Shorving all his straight teethin a smile, he appeared to bequite happ"v. He r'vas, obviousiy.Sarvatore's superintendent,

THtr ASSASSI}{ OF THE TREESand ilict nothing but stand "\\Ih]. is it, beardless vul- Martinu, who, up t0 thissmilingly, with his hands ture?" she asked, flinging him time, hail replied calmly tocrossed behind his back. Some a condescending look. Paska's pointed jests, beganof the guests were irritated by "Because ,vou've got the to lose his temper; the wineSelix' lordly manner, especial- idea you're going to get Mar- had made him more fiery andly Pretu-lVlaria Pinnedda, who tinu Se1ix. "suspicious than usual.woulcl toss him an occasional She let out a shriil cr)', one "Leave me in peace' Paska,piercing glance, metallic in its of those characteristic screams, \-'ron't you, since it's not youwrath.F()R the re,l-faccd 5'outh n-itirI t]re big malignant gra;' e;'eswas in love rvith Paska, andr.vas jealous of the friendshipwhich Sarvatore accorded to so."such as only the \vomen of I'm after, any\\ra)-. You knorvOrune can give.well enough that I'm a beggar," lMho told you that ? " but I'm likel"v to find a better"He himself. "woman than you for my wife.""Liar !"" Oh, is that so ! Our Lady"strike me dead, if it isn't of Valvercle help us! Youdon't want a woman like me.Selix. The patronizing airs Ancl then, he repeateci the You want one-like yourself !"assumed by Martinu toclay an- dialogue, adding a little of his ,,And who are ;161! Justnoyed him more than ever, and own. Paska grew black in the because you have a penny orit took only a breath of air to face, and began to tear her hair two to spend on yourself. MusannoyPretu-Maria. Already, as a sign of spite and humilia- ket-shot ! But listen to what Ion two occasions, harsir words tion. Partly satisfied, Pretu- say: the world is a stair. Whohad been exchanged over the Maria begged her to be still knows but my children will beproper method of binding the and not make a scene; but she, giving charity to yours !"wit[es. Martinu had said, "It deepl,v angere{, persisted in "Rut for the present," sheis not necessary to bind them deriding Martinu openly dur- said, "I can do that for you."so straight, " and the other ing the remainder of the meal.hacl contradicted him.Seated in a circle on the N,f ARTINU s la m m e d aSpeaking of Paska, at a mo- ground, the guests ate from lvl small tincup full of wine,ment rvhen Sarvatore was some wooclen dishes and pieces of which he held in his hanil, vioclistanceawa)r, one of the men cork; the sharpened knives lently to the ground, and crieclhad remarked, jestingly an{d they carried served as their on- out an insult to the girl.somewhat ironicall,v, - riry. r11 iy eating utensils. The honey , " NIartinu ! ' ' shoutecl Sarvamarryher to Martinu Selix. " still warm, seasoned their meal, tole.,'Musket-shot!" replied the even more than the wine;in it "You- don't mean anythinglatter, "ancl does that seem the5. dipped their slices of to me! Nobody means -a,n)'-such an irnpossible thing to f r e s h cheese, the roasted thing to me !" bellowed l\Iaryou?',cheese, lettuce leaves, bread, tinu, his eyes green with anger.,'Mlsket-shot !" s a i d the and finally their meat. llany ''You're mangy curs all of you.other, ''everything is possible atethehoneywithoutanything I'mnotclependenton.vou,Sarinthis world. "else, sucking the sv'eet part vatore, and it may be that you\{artinu shrugged his shoui- and spitting out far from tirem need me worse than I need you.ders, as much ai to say, Have the masticated rvax. I don't ask bread or grain ormoney of you, and yet, yourit your n'ay.i'retu-l{aria flushed angrily, t I / ITTY speeches darted sister throws mJ. poYerty inbut clid not say anything, for it Vy from one to another; m-v face. Povert.v is not vile,was too sore a subject with him, their musical laughter rang Sarvatore Jacobbe, poverty isand he unclerstood ttrat they out in the shade of the old- not vile. But if you think myspoke this way in his hearing olir.es. To the North and friendship is going to bringmerely to goacl him on.tr)ast, the b lu e mountains clisgrace- upo,. -you, I canIf you're as cunning as the blurred in the flood of noondav *ei-',eagle, f'11 be as cunning as the light. Suddenl,v, the merri- ,,you,re drunk!"fox, he thought. ment stopped, and an omrnous ,,-- ,A rnoment before the meal cloucl passea over tlie"-,:*: ,:I::;;: ffild:ltelf !"l:iegan, not knorving horv better semblage. Paska, turning to- ..;::,to renew his advances to Pas- ward Martinu, spoke i" You're a mang'y curt yourka,he said to her, with feigned "Look at the-Count of Ar- self !"tenclelness, "I know r.o*"*hy tois, will you? He's hunting It was enough' A fierce disitis -vou won't have anything for a wife. What a pity there{ pute arose; and for a while, itto clo with me. " none for him at Orune !" seemecl that stains of blood.3I

32might mingle with the winestarnsthat spattered the grass.The tlvo friends threw up toeach other things of which therest of those present hadknown nothing in the past.Their faces burned, whethermore in anger or from shame,it would be hard to say.-I-tIE women sereamed.r \\'bite with terror, paskastrove with coaxing wiles tosmother the flame she hadstarted. The fire spent itself,and the friends appeared to bereconciled once more. Martinu,who had wanted to go off alone,held back by physical force,stayed on. But he did not castiris suilen eyes on Sarvatore'sface again; while the latterstood in a corner, sincerelymortified by the scandal rn'hichhad been caused.The grafting was resumed.Pretu-Maria had the air of avictor, but Martinu also smiled.from time to time, in a forcedway, as the sign of the crossATLANTICA,was madetrunks.JFJANUARY, 1931on the graftedTwo days later, MartinuSelix set out for the feastof San Franceseo di Lula. Heleft at twilight, on foot, withbare head; for that had beenhis vow. Night overtook him onthe wa;.; then, the pilgrim, insteadof going on to the saint'sshrine, turned back to the valleyof the Isalle and took upa position among the oleanders.fn the deep of night, while thesacred dew of heaven rainedon sleepinpl nature, while thetrembling waters of the riverreflected the great secret peaceof the moon at sunset, and theperfume of the rushes came upmore pungent from the riverbanks, Musket-shot caruied outhis terrible unarmed yengeance.He stripped the trees ofthe sprouts which had beengrafted with such religiouscare.But as he rvent to climb backover the wall, the figure of aman rose up inexorablv in frontEA Finonciol l-leolth €^ominotion(Coutittrrcr{ frortt, t'ttge 25)of him, and the barrel of a gungleamed in the paie mooniight."f knew it, wicked weasel!"cried Sarvatore Jacobbe. ,,Icould kill you now like a dng,but I'm going to do somethingworse to you. "Three men rose from thehedge."You have seenr" Sarvatoresaid to them. "lMe're not goingto kill this 'pilgrim,' arewe? IMe shall not give him up,even, shall we? But, MartinuSelix, you are going to workfor me f or nothing, you are goingto be my slave for as manyweeks as you have killedtrees. t tHtr strange sentenceechoed in the great dewvpeace of the valley. MartinuSelix completed his pilgrimagebut on his return,he entered the house of theproud Jacobbe as a servant,and for th r e e years, heunderwent his morai and phvsicalchastisement.annrial replenishrnent, no darnageis done."it ,t+ ,f t*llriilt cereal ytrices th,e lowesttltus far i,n thi,s centu,ry,tkere is ,i,tr,creas,ing i,nterest i,nthe acti,ui,ties of pioneeri,ng i,ncJustrialf armers wh,o are usi,ngpower and laLor sauing mochi,neryto get clou;n proclucti,o,ncosts. Charl,es n[. Slerld,, h,ead,of a, tuheat farmi.ng comtr)anAbeori,ng luis na,me which hosbeen i,n, oytera,tlon i,tt I{ans(rsf Qr /iae Aears, recently tolctnl,e: " Proclucti,on costs ltatsebeen, cut to a, poi,nt raltere ,uehaue actually d,el,i,uered, t"lte fi,nestgrade of Kansas hard,taheat to th,e eleuators tr,t o, costof less than 25c a busLr,el."t+ -* i{. it'Ihe demoralizing characterof the stock market was disclosedrecentl,v in a studywhich I have made. I havecompared the market fate ofall stocks iistecl on the NewYork Stock Exchange sincethe bull market peak with thebehavior of a favored group offort;. lis1s.1 corporations whichbucked the trend of corporateprofits and reported iargerearnings for the first ninemonths of 1930 than for thecorresponding peri,td of 1929.It would be natnral to expectthat these far.ored stocks harlclone better market-wise thanshares of companies sufferinga sharp contraction of earningpower. If the 1929 summit isregarded as 100, the Stock Exchangeindex to all listedstocks at its 1930 low, whichwas attained last autumn, fellto 62, a decline of 38 points.Meantime the stocks of fortycorporations which showed aforward trend of earnings attheir 1930 1ow levels revealeda larger decline from their1929 summit than the generalarra)r of stocks. If their 1929average peak is taken as 100.their composite low rvas 5?, Bdecline of 48 points.

A Messcqe tc Arne'icoPretnier Muwolini, in his Net, Year't Day railia adilyess to Anterica, the text o!Phich is reproiluced. below- has effectioely reluteil the allegation*, con,stantly nt.ade byrnisinlonneil nriters, that his tone is belligerent. "Italy," he ileclores, "'rcill. netertake the initiatioe in $arting e tnat.ttJT is with real pleasure that I ernment nor the Italian people de- rvorld b1'the Thircl InternationaleI avail myself of the ether sire,to bring about war. - at Mosc-orv to hght Fascism to theI lvaves to send my greetings - I fought in the war as a scidier death.:o the American people and'expreis in the ianks. f knorv w'hat u,ar I know that public ooinion inmy \varm feelings of friendsrhip means. The terrible memories of America has u'itched the recentlor..,their.great republic. those vears, rvhen rvhole genera- development in Italy. The move-, The {riendship f.elt in Italy for tions of the 1'outh of- so- manv ment we set going bl, reducing sal-:he United States has its roots in countries lyere-laid low by the hail aries so as io sic*e a balincedhistory. _It is the r-esult of the of lead, have not been erised from budget has been successful, for relargeItalian emigration to your my mind" I myself was seriously tail prices have fallen.country, of rvhich several rnillion wounded. In the years that haviItalians have become citizens, and since elapsed and at the present 1| N this occasion the corporativehas been fostered by the American time, both as a man and al head \-/ State has given strikins orooftourists rvho come in .large num- of the government, I have had be- of its efficiency Tor all categdries ofbers to Italy, r,r'here they become fore me a panorama of the politi- our people--manufacturerJ, workacquainted.not o_nly with the nat- cal, economic and moral consequen- ers, far:rners. and employes, whoural beauties and artistic treasures ces of u'ar, and not in Italy alone. have realized the need and'valueof,our country but also with the How can any one suppose that of these reductions.industrious. well-disciplined people rvith. tlris two-fold experience. I Qnemplo,vmenr is causing anxietyin modern Fascist ltaly.could consider n'ith anything but in ltaly-as" in all other &untriei.Intellectual contacts have grown horror _the prospect of another \Ve hai'e half a million unernplgl--!P-b9tn'een our tlvo peoples.- The n'ar? Even if it were to arise be- ed at the present time, of #t-roftaliansfully recogniZe the contri- tleen- two_ countries only, a war 100,000 ar6 rvomen and 250,000bution_made by the United States nou'ada)'s, inevitably u"ould becorne come fr.om agriculture and 'thetd-modern prog-ress. The name of a general war. Civilization itself buiiding trades, rvhere seasonal un-Edison is familiar to us all. So in rvould be" endangered.mplol'ment pievails. I am opthefield of letters and philosophy New discoveries of science lvould posed to the dole. I prefer reiiefare thosl of Longfellorv, Whitman, malie a future war even more in the form of public works il,hichlo., Mark Twiin and William dreadful than the last. The danger substantiallv inciease the efficiencvJames. T-rnyself am a great ad- of death would not be reserved for of our national economic equipmirerof Emerson and James. In the fighters, but whole populations ment. The dole tends to a..ritor.lthe field of statesmanship, Wash- rvould be imperilied \titftout the the workers to idleness.lngt9n and Franklin, and more possibiiitl' of effective protection. But notu'ithstanding unemploylatelyRoosevelt, are names rn'hichment, peace and quiet previitarouse our admiration. f TALY-le't me repeat it-never throughout the countiy among a1lWe cannot conceive modern his- I will take the initiative in starting classes. A11 reports io the "contoryr,vithout the United States. 1 \^:ar. Italy needs peace. Fascism tlary are false. Eight million menHJd they not brought their fordesiresto secure for the Italian and \t'omen, all the man-porver andmidable weight to be-ar on the siiu- people, .in cooperation with ali oth- all the economic forces of the naation,move8 *"it f/ ly i[."fiil.of the world, a futureli^Yp|.t of tion stand solidly behind Fascism.motives, the war ;""ieprosperity.and;;i-i;;;; peace." No other regime,in.Europe restsbeen won. Wirhoui-,h.i.';;;;;;: .The training rve give our youth on:uch broad, solid foundbtions.tion the ,"orld c"rrnot';;.;r* f;;aigs 1! making them strong and .. Thq American people should betheposrwar;;t$.""i;.;;;.il; self-r'eliant, accustomed to self- lieve in our friendship and in our'...'..",y ir prosfe,ii;"l 'i;'",:] ii1ll"j;Ji11.,h:;l'" or responsi- ;iflf:,"j;ijfi :? lr"" *of,.;." *"nturn,Berore rererring t11ie o{ tr,g t:ls;;"13t?;i""*lt}"..o:l*'Tit ,nJ i^;#"tXiit yT,:t:j:a"'Jjmore- urgent questions.of the day J ther do not affect our in,teiuaipoli- tr,"t b"f";" long a new era of prossnoutdlike to contradict 'o"ry,u. ;.;'q{.--p"iity- *iri';;il.^'il'irriJ'#r".-mors spread abroad about Fascism Fascism and Bolshevism stili are ince'I f;a go;d_by.-to tt or" *toand the da-nger-it is supposed to at the antipodes, both in ttr.riy h"u. ii.t"t-t.? to riv -"s"!" r"arepr.esent^ for the peace of the and practice. Proof of this is af- beg to present rrv cordial iegardsI'vorld" Such aceusations are forded by th-e appeals constanth- to-the Fresident of 1,o.t. gr""? R..groundless. Neither I nor m1' gov- sent out to the pioletariat of the public.33

34 ATLAI{TICA, JANUARY 193 1Orn O*n W*lJ of Lnttnn,TH l. ineptitucle and carelessnesswith u'hich the Encyclopedra Britannicais edited, a[ Ieast so iar asItalian literature is concerned, isset forth by Prof. GiusePPe Prezzoliniin the second number oI CosoItaliotta, publisherl b1' the Casalraliana' o{ Columbia' Univrrsity.The space allottecl to realll' greatand representative Italian authorsis in almost every case too little,as compal'ecl rvith other foreigna uthors.This, however, u,ould be a smallmatter, ir the contents themselveswere accurate and attthoritatilteenough to warrant the assertionthat Ihe Britannica is the stanrlar''Ireference work. But even here,Prof . Prezzolini points out severaltypical errors, boih in iacts and irrrp"tting. which atc in line rvith etendency "actually io rn;srepr('senl'and misinterpret" Italian authols.Many of its facts cotrcclrring Italiarrliteriture are outdated ot- not trttc.Prof" Prezzolini, for examPle, Professesamusement at learning, concerninghimsel [. tltat in Llre lasl ie rvrr"ars he "has abandoned Iiteratrrleand philosophy ft-rr political life."according to' the Britannica. Sure-It' the man hrmsel f ought to llnurr'Ur\DtrR the title "Benito Musscilinithe Orator," Henri Massoul'writing in Le TemPs of Paris, examineiItaly's Premier as to hisoratorical abilities, taking his curfrom the recent Publication of thcspeeches delivered by I1 Duce clurinc1930."He has, the writer ttotices, Prcservedhis flair for the crowd, for,of the 335 speeches recorded in thebool

OUR OWN WORLD OF LETTERS 35rrovers;es between Italv ancl Francesince the war by a' Frenchman,Louis Aubert, in the January numberof Foreign Affairs, was the occasionfor an editorial in the NewYork Times, and iater, another inProqresso Italo-Arnericano.IlWhile the Ti,nt,es recognized thebiased attitude of the writer, it diclnot discount it greatly, but Il Progressl,in a leading editorial, rieciaresthat in spite of its obviousattempt to justify France, it fails todo so"The Tinr,es had said that, consideringmany things (among them the"clash of national temperaments"),it r.vas not surprising that the trvocountries had not come to an agreement.Bul Il Progresso pointecl outthat Italian conciliation, evident atmany points, is of no avail againstthe uncompromising stancl ofFrance."The Italian program is one ofequilibrium; that of France is oneoi supremacy. This is the reasonwhlt agreement appears to be impossible."THllRtr are many branches overseasof the International FederationoL Business and ProfessionalWomen, and the Italian Fecleration,under the presidency of Dr. MariaCasteilani, now Chief of the ActuarialService at the InternationalLabour Offlce in Geneva, is one ofthe most thriving of these groups.One of the vice-presidents of theInternational Federation, in addition,is an Italian, Signora E,sterDanesi Traversari of Rome.The Ind,ependent Wontan f orDecember contains an account ofthe ltalian Federation, which is thelargest $'omen's organization inItall' except that of the womenFascists. It was on Feb. 15th,1930 that it was officially recognizedby the Italian Governmentand made part of the State Syndicatesf or Prof essional Women,though many of its 20 componentclubs had been in existence foryears"For the current year the;, are organizingin Rome the first internationalexhibition of women's literar)rworks, and the establishmentin l{ilan of an InternationalChamber of Commerce and Informationfor Women._+t_Germanv and Ital1'are both countriesin which the doctrine of the revisionof the Versailles peace treatiesfinds favor, as opposed to theFrench thesis of the maintenance ofthe status quo. It is not strange.therefore, that the relationship betweenthese two countries should bemore than friendly.Emil Ludwig, the popular Germanr,vriter, in a recent article inthe New York Tin'res on what theaverage German thinks of the restof the rvorld, mentions this faet,sa1 ing that it is 'the Italians who,at the present time. are looked upor,with the most favor in German7,"and that the Germans "are in ecstaciesover the discipline and orderthat prevail in ltaly."He thinks. too, that .1rrgy 99rmansare envisioning "rvith shinirrge1'es'' a (,elman-[talian unionto balance the present French hegen-ronyin Europe, a possibility r,vhiohit must be admitteci, is still far inthe offing.THERE no longer exists a problemof the Upper -t.-- Adige, according toArnaldo )'Iussolini, brother ofBenito. and editol ol Il PoPolotltalia of Mi1an. Writing in hisnewspaper recentll , he points or-rtthat the beneficial lvorks of theItalian Government in that formerlyAustrian legion have caused theAustrian pr'.ss to abandon its irrendistcampaign. No little creditfor this no doubt must be due tothe recent visit of the AustrianChancellor Schober to Italr-.ON the ba.sis of PoPe Pius XI'sChristmas I)ay message of greetingto Lhe world anci to his Cardinals,the rveek11,' news maEazine Time recently'published an article on EIisHolirress, stressing the {act that he"is enlisting all things modern tothe adv:rnciment of lris Churchthroughout the earth."Follor'r,ing a resum(t of the mannerin rvhich Aci-rille AmbrogioDamiano Ratti, Caldinai and Archbishopof Milan, rvas elected PoPc,the article goes on to poini out howthoroughgt-ling has been the "rnodernizati,onof the Papal State." Theenormous steel ctroors at the entranceare operated bY the latesttype of electric motor, a radio stationhas been built for Vatican Citvby Senator Marconi "so potent tha.tie Pope can address thc entire\Vestern Wotld in pcrson if occasionarises," and an uP-to-datedial telephone system has been installed6y International Telephoneand Teiegraph Co. Also, Edisonhas given the Pope a dictating machinefinished in ivorv and gold,anc1, because of lacli of space, thePope's original desire for a flyingfield has been modified. The VaticanCity no$r uses helicoPters,rvhich need n-ittch less space.Jt is norv nine years since PiusXI has been Pope. and last montir-+_he ceiebrated the 51st anniversaryof his ordination as priest, in his73rd year. He is a scholar, andhas the distinctive attributes of intellectualityand intelligence. KingVittorio Emanuele made him aKnight of the Order of SaintsMaurice and I.azarus for havingreorganized the Ambrosian Librarvin Miian and made it of real useto scholars.Summing up, and comparing himto other Popes before him Tint.e'sconclusion is that "he is a spiritualcliplomat, in man-v respects theearth's most potent individual."\\ lll:\ llr. Doaii, tlrc neu Srcretaryof Labor, assumed office, hedeclared his intention of deportinggangsters. This immediatelybrought a reply from the New Republic,last montlr. u-hich aptl_rpointed out that ''many of the criminalswho are creatini such a 'selioussitr.rarion iu our'big cities arcnative born, so that even if Mr.Doak makes good on his threat, theamelioration .,1'il1 be much less thanhe is trying to suggest." Anotherpoin-t made by this independentrveeklv is that the net' Sectetaryof l,abor r,vill have to proceed inone of trvo lvays: within ihe law,or outside the larv. If he acts outsidethe iar'v, "he rvill not set far,and shouid not," rvhile if his actionsare legal. he "u.i11 only clothat rvhicl-r tlre Department shouldhave been doine all the time." Thesolution of the problem, it believes,lies not in "dumping our gangster-cin another country," but in improvirgthe conditions which makegangdom possible.A LIVELY controversy is takingplace in Italy -* over the merits of"pasta asciutta" (macaroni withoutsauce) . In I-a Gaszietta del Popoloof Tririn. F. T. Nfarinetti, founderof Futurism, presents his views onthe subject. He would do awayrvith "pasta asciutta," but that i,sonly the beginning.Table knives and forks, accordingto him. should be abolished, toincrease the pleasure of touch andtaste, ancl also to aid digestion. A1lfood should be subjected to ultravioletrays. and all liitchen utensilsshould be scientificallv adapted,Derfumed, and aired. He wouldput scientists to urork discoveringneli, combinatiorrs of delicacies. anrlhe desires mouthfuls containing asrranv as 25 different tastes.He concludes: "Once again Futurismcourts unpopularitv r,vith afearless program of complete reno,vatiorr of the kitchen, but it willn'irr t'his nen' battle also."

It. l9 .nJ Civilir.ticnThe achievements of great menare best understood by other greatrnen. A prime example of this iscontained in an important addressrecently delivered before the PhiBeta Kappa alumni in Nelv Yorl

Trave!.L,NII has becorne of Paramountimportance since themystery of its shiPs has atlast been revealed.The daring lvork entailed, wl-richu,as the only method of revealingthis mvstery and o{ enabling anexamination of he two (the resultof investigations norv go to _pro_vethat there may be three) shiPs lYinedeen beneath the blue waters ofttrE inl.. uas undertaken, at the desireof Signor Mussolini, under theauspices of the Italian Government.The labour proPosed was ofan imposing nature, as it meant thelor'vering of the level of the watersof the lake; it was f ound Possible tocarrv it ottt, thanks to the generousoffer: of a few industrial concernsu'ho unclertook to bear all the espenses.- It is -,r.ell that the r'vorlcl at largeshould realize this proof of nationalf eeling. this sacrihce of mone\-gained in commerce and industrYand spent for the sake of scienccancl of art and in orcler to ensirrethat incomparable rvitnesses of thegreainess arrd tlre prestige oi tlrenati.,n shorrld become State ProPerty.Nemi. the pictr,rresque "CastelloRomano." iu the Alban Hills, hasalways been a quiet sPot, with theexception of the short period wher"rits sanctuary was the nucieus ofthe Latin League, created bY tireTusculum l)ictator Xllarius EgetiustBut it is enclorved bY nature with asituation oI exceptional beauty arldit r,ras its fate to be the sccne oltr,vo of the rnost interesting of m1'5-teries : in olden daYs the m,vsterl'of the sanguinarr-and secret cult ofthe godcless Diana; and in our clavsthe m-vsterv of its "shrPs."Every now and again it hasseerned as if this mYSterY was to bcrevealecl, and attemPts have be':nmade to bring to light that whichthe rvaters hacl so jealously guardedthroughor-rt the centuries. Finaill'the m1'sterr' 1.ras been solved./-r1 HE Lake oi \crrri, rvhic)t is 22f ttt'. irom Rorrte antl 318 m.obou" t"" level, lies in the midst cfhilis ancl rvoods in the hollorv of Icharming basin. \-olcalric in origin,Th" L.Ln of llemiit is mainly f ecl f rom severalsources r'vhich keep rt at a constantlevel, lhe natural evaporation compensatingfor atmospheric precipitations.Deeo and sotnl ,re, the lal

WHO'SMany and diverse are the activities of Dr. Nigro, one ofKansas City's outstanding Italians. His interests rangefrom medicine to Italian affairs, from politics to sports.Formerly Assistant Health Director for Kansas City, he isnow Director of the Child Hygiene Bureau of the city'sHealth Department, and physician for the leading theatresin the city. Dr. Nigro's interest in sports dates back to thetime when he was a member of the Notre Dame football andbasketball squads, and coach at the Rockhurst and De LaSalle Academies. Besides being President of the KansasCity Notre Dame Club, he is Supreme Officer of Phi BetaFi, a medical fraternity, having charge of six Central States.DR. D. NI. NICROrlf Karrsas City. NTo.The appointment of Dr. Arcangelo Liva to the presidencyof the New Jersey State Board of Medical Examiners recentlywas a fitting recognition of his ability, representingwhat a foreign-born citizen can accomplish in this country,irrespective of race. Dr. Liva is surgeon to the HackensackHospital as well as the New York Ophthalmic Hospital,where he is also a Professor of Ophthalmy. He lectures atthe Hackensack Hospital Training School for Nurses ondiseases of the nose and throat, and is consulting physicianto the Bergen County Isolation Hospital. He is a memberof the New Jersey Grand Lodge of the Order Sons of Italy,of which he was formerly Grand Orator and Assistant GrandVenerable. Dr. Liva was born in Italy 43 years ago and receivedhis early education there, coming to this country atthe age of. L7.DR. AR(]ANGELO I,IVAof Rutherford, N. J.There are few busier men than Mr. Peter Cimmino. Justat'present he is serving as President of the Paterson ClearingHouse Association and of the Italian Chamber of Commerceof New Jersey, and, in addition, he is Vice-Preisdentof the United States Trust Co., the People's Park Bank, theRiverside Trust Co., and the United Bankers' Title andMortgage Guaranty Co., all of Paterson. Born at Sala,Caserta, 48 years ago, Mr. Cimmino came to this country atthe age of 10, attended the Paterson schools, and studiedlaw and accounting. Then, in rapid succession, he becameHealth Commissioner of Paterson (1914-1922), Food Commissioner(1918-1920), Public Works Commissioner (1922-1924) and President of the Municipal Purchasing Board(1e22-1e24).MR. PETER CIMMINOnf Paterson, N. J..18

JwHoAs a climax to the record of distinguished service attainedby Justice J. J. Freschi of Speciai Sessions, the University-Pat"t*o of rlcently conf-erred him the degreeof -uponDoctor of Jurisprudence. Only last summer J ustlceFreschi, who wis a Special Sessions judge from 1915 to-1925'was re-appointed to ihat position by Mayol W-a-lke5' He jshaving bien appointed a City Magistrate ina veterari ludge,1910" prcmlrszz to lgzS Juslice Freschi was one of theJustices of the Appellate Court. The eminent j '-dge is -54lears old. His eiily education was acquired in the pylli-cschools of New York, After his graduation from New YorkUniversity, he took his law degree at its Law School, passingthe State Bar examination in 1898.JUST'NCE JOHN J. FRESCHIof N erv \-orkF'rom a humble laborer to his present position as Vice-Fresident and General Manager of the Sawyer Biscuit Company,one of the largest in this country: that is the story ofir."a'C. Salerno of Chicago. He is also Vice-President ofthe United Biscuit Compiny and a Director of the WestSide National Bank. Mr. Salerno is a member of manyclubs, among them the Illinois Athletic Club, the ExecutiveClub of Chiiago, the Ridgemore Country Club, the Elks, etc'Ffe was born at San File, Cosenza, in ltatry' 53 years ago'J\{R. FRED G. SAT,B]R]\Orif tihicagoOne of the most popular Itaiians in St' Louis is JosephGaiavelli, recently -"a" u Chevalier of the Crown of Italy'Garavelli's Restaurant is an institution in St. Louis, as wellas an architectural jewel. Established in 1913, it now em'ploys over 100 peopie and serves some 3000 customers daily'baravelti's trienastrips, business and pre-stige are the.r.esultof his pleasing personality, his sense of humor and nls rnherent^busines-s i.u*"rr. -Born at Bassignana, Alessandria'in 1884, he came to America in 1903, and in 1909 he becamean American citizen. He started in the festaurant businessat first with his brother Peter. In 1913, however, he startedout on his own. Mr. Garavelli has done as much as any otherItalian to add prestige to. the name of Italy in this country-CA\I. JOSEPH GARAVELLIof St. Louis3qlI

nIf ^\ listing the rrames of rhe moreI prominent Iralians in theI United States, one could norr,vell afford to omit thar of JudgeFelix Forte, M.A., LI,.NL, Professorof Law at Boston Llniversitr:I-aw School, and a Chevalier of thiCrown of ltaly. His activities andachievements within the comparativelyshort span of ,thirty-five years(he rvas born June 30, 1895, inl3oston) have been manifold.Judge Forte's career dates bacltto the tender age oi twelve, u-herr,noticing that many Italiarrs of Bostonhad to travel over two miles toattend the nearest evening highschool, he took a leading part in amovement to establish another inthe Nor-th End section of Boston.At the Boston English HigirSchool, where he attended, he sawthat ltalian was not one of the foreignianguages taught, nor, for thatmatter, rvas it taught in any olherhigh school in Boston. Promptly,therefore, he circulated a petiiion,procured enough students i,r'illing totake a course in ltalian, and thusintroduced the languagc r-rf his peoplein his high school, which course ,by the lvay, is still given todar..Born of Italian parents. he-hada keen interest and pride in his heritage,and it ivas n'hile still in highschool that he organized the DanteClub and became its first president.A,t about this time, too, in August,1910, the Boston branch of- theDante Alighieri National Societyawarded him a gold u'atch for proficiencyin Italian._ ftg- the beginning 1'ourrg Fortehad decided to follou' the siudy oflalr', but when he entered BostonUniversity Larv School his inrerestin things Italian did rrot dinrinish ;rather. it increased. Again lre organizedan Italian society,", theItalian Universitl' Club, and becameits first prlsident.l Not satisfiedwith that, br, ' the tirnehe was graduated he fiad made theorganization intercollegiate in scope,with branches in ail the other eollegesin New England.'fhe young lirv srudent \\"asgraduated in June. i916 irorn theJrJqn Fnli^ Fo'teof BorlonLau' School of Boston Llniversitv.at the head of his class. receiving'aprize set of C1 clopaetlia of Larvrvorth $315 for his general proficienc,vin that field. He rvas not1'et 21 n'hen he received the de-Judge Fortegree of Bachelor of Lan-s (LL.ll.).He rvas to receive tr,"'o other degreesin later years from the sameinstitution, a Master of Laws in1919, and a Master of Arts in t928.It is rvorthy of note that when hewas admitted to practice he was theyoungest man ever to .pass the examination.He specialized in trialn'ork, and it I9IV, the year afterhis graduation, he rvas admitted topractice in the Federal Courts.For the last ten years JudgeForte has been teaching law at Bostont'niversity, first as instructor.since 1927 as Associate Professor,and since 1929 as a full-fledgedProfessor of Lau". He is a memberof the Institute of InternationalLaw, as I'r'ell as the American,llassachusetts. ancl BostonBar Associations.In spite of his occupation n'ithhis r,alior-rs professional activities,he has found tinre to participate in40practicalll. every movelrent goil]

t"Th" ltoli"ns in thn LJ nitnJ St.tesREADERS ARE INT/I'TED TO SEND 1N ITEMS OF REAL LI,'ORTT-I FOR I'O5-s/ET€ U''E IN THESECOTUITNS. PHOTOGRAPIT\. IL.Il'L ALSO BE IVELCOT'TE,CALIFORN IAThe \Iayor oI San Francisco, onc o[the ten largest citics in the United States,is an Jtalian, Angelo Rossi. He was recentlyatrrpointed to that high positionto succeecl the {ormer Nlayor, JamesRolph, rvho r.vas elccted Governor ofCalifornia.The Federation of Italian Societiesof San Francisco, through its chairmanof the Christmas Tree Committee,trlr. Agostino Rossi, provided afund for needy ltaiian families of thatcit]'.Two expositions of the r'vorks olRinaldo Cuneo, San Francisco painter,rvere recently opened, one i:r Rome,Ita1y, ancl the other at the Beaux ArtsGalleries in San Francisco. The exp'ositionin Rome contained many beautifulCalif ornia scenes, rvhile that irrSan Francisco r.r-as the.result of a recenttrip of lIr. Cu:eo through Italy,Srvitzerlar-rd and France.At the recent International Expositionof Photographic Arts held in SanFrancisco several of Mr. Oggiarro'sphotographic studies received prizes.Tony 1\{anero, New York professioral,collected first money in the Pasaderra$4,000 operr golf tournamerttheld last month.The Dominant Film Productions,Inc., of Hollywood, whose general directoris Alfredo Verrico and whosepresident is the Marchese Cesare tr{anfredoOrigo, recently acquired theservice of Maestro Giuseppe Creatore,noted orchestra director.President lfoover last month i:-rterruptedhis official duties f or a shortwhile to rvelcome his friend SalvatoreBilotti of McCloud, California, rvhoaccompanied the President when thelatter used to go fishin'g in that State.\Ir. Bilotti was on his wav to Italvfor a short stay.Mr. Ettore Patrizi, editor of theItalian daily "L'Italia," published inSan Francisco, has bee:r made a GrandeL fficiale of the Crown of Italv.CON N ECTICUTA banquet '*'as held last Dec. 7th atthe Hotel Taft in New Haven, attendedb1' more than 500 guests, in honor'of the re-election of Hon. Pietro Dianaas State Represertative. Among thosepresent were Governor-e1ect Cross,tl-o Congressmen, the heads of theI)ernocratic Party for the State, sev- Have:r, has. been orgartized' ,andit lvill;;i--l,i;y;;", r"p....itJi"..'ti""r seek to .ioin the State Federation oi;;rii;;l';,1' ;;;"i "na ;'s;;i;;il;; ;;;;; iiuli.'' D""'ocratic Crubs under trreal1 over the State.presidencl'. of Hon' Pietro Diana' Itsi)rcsidcrlt i-< J ohn I urclo.Through the efforts of Gr. Uff. Dr.William Verdi, the Italian ExchangeFellorvship Fund of Yale State Committeehai been formed, the aim ofu'hich is to exchange yearly betrveenYale and an Italian {Jriversitl'' onegraduate student from the respectiveinstitutions.Three pioneers of the Italian colonyin Stamford, Rocco and Michael Gcnoveseand Benedetto Corbo, \vere recentlyfeted at a banquet held in theirhono,r. 'Ihe toastmaster was PeterRosa.Miss Ida Garlasco, datighter of \Ir.a:d Mrs. Frank Garlasco of Canaatr.Conn., and New York, recentll returrredfrom a six-month trip abroad,*.here she studied art and interiordecoration. After a vacation do'lvnSortth she plans to resune her Europeanstudies of the old tnaslers andfine statuary.The officers for 1931 of the CircoltrEducativo Campania of Nex- Havenare as follows: Charles Cusano, pres.;Adam Melillo, v. pres.; Giulio Marcarelli,sec.; Artonio Fucci, fin. sec.. arrciNicola Vetroni, sergeant-at-arms. TheCircolo is more than 16 years old andhas over 250 mem'bers.Professor S. Zampiere, of theBridgeport Junior College, recentl-vgave a lecttrre at the International Irritituteon "Education by Contact."John Ricciardi of Waterburl' hasbeen elected president of the seniorclass of the Harvard Dental School.He is a graduate of Holy Cross Co1-1ege"At the bi-morthly supper held bythe Unico Club of Waterbury lastmonth under the presidency of AttorneyFred Palomba, Professor Carlollarchiori, of the Law Faculty of theUniversity of Bologna in Italy, u'asthe principal speaker. Professor Marchioii,in'ho is one of the two Italiannrolessors now visiting at Yale in exchangefor American professors inItall-, spoke on the PaPacl' a:rd theItalian Government. At a previousiuDper nreeting, the sPeakers \rereProfessor Aldo Mazio of the Universitvof Rome, the other exchange profeisor,and Charles A. Allen, generalrnanager of the Connecticut Light andPolrer Company.A new Italian political cluh. the 12th\\rard Italixn Democratic Club oi Nerv41Dr. Frank l'Iongillo of New HavenEx-Conrmandant -oi Post 47 of theAmerican Legion in that city, has beenelected preside:rt of the Inter-PostCouncil, -which directs the affairs orall the posts in that city,The 12th District Italian-AnrericanRepublicarr Club of Bridgeport recentlvcelebrated the election of its president, \,Ir, Santolo D'-{ndrea, as Justice'ofthe Peace by a banqrret andfeast irr his honor.Three Connecticut ltaliatrs have receiveclscholarships to Yale University.Thev are: Peter I. Ferrlra,of Meriden.lnseplr S. .\zaro, of Nert Britain. andbehnar F. Benatti, of lierv Haven.Mr" Dar.id E. I{arcello, superintenderrtof a derrtal suplllv company inI'rovi.lertce. R. [. has been appointedPolice Com,ntissioner of the cily o1'Hartford. \'Ir. Nlarcello is the son ot'the late Luigi lIarce11o, f ormet Citl-Council memitrer,H_LtNOlsAttorney Nunzio Bonelli oi Chicago,rvho lost at the recent elections by aIerv hundred Totes a municip'al judgeshio.ha. been appointed AssistantIuiee of the Prohate Court by Judgei{oiner of Chicago.Dr, GiusePPe Castruccio. RoYalItalian Consui-Gereral for Chicago.ttu. t ee" made a Cavaliere Ufficiale ofiii" C.olttt of ltalv' Dr. Castrucciois one of the fen' Italians to have beendecorated t'ith a gold medal for actsol unusual brar-er1; Curing the World\\iar.Maestro Giorgio Polacco has resirrredas mrrsical rlirector and conducto?of the Chicago Civic Opera Corn-Dan\" on accoulrt of illness. SignorPolacco. rvho had headed the comnarr''smttsicaI staff since its organi)^tt"nin 1922, had been preventedbr his illness front joinirg the conrnan.'rhis vear. He joined the Chic"goOpera A ssociation in 1418 as aand when the Chicago Civic"iia,t.1". Op"r" .n'". organized. became its musical"- director.It-t his resignatio-n then,o.i" "nnnr"cing to"r"gement aclded that it, u'as;';;;;pi;J *ith ,t"t1' great regret'"One of tlte nen- nrembers recentllelectetlto the Chicago Acadet-n1'oti.:;itii" ..1", R.t. Carli' Fani. rector of

t)ALthe Church of Our Ladl- oi tsonrpeiof Chicago.INDIANAThere are ttvent,v-three studeittsstndying Italian at the Llniversitv ofNotre Dame. -lhe1. ar:e taughi byProf. Pascluale \Iarlo Pirchio i"fro iiurrdertaltirrg the rvorli irr ir nrissiorraryspir.it aud rtl:o lrope. tu incr.ease lrisclasses every ]-ear. The Italian clutr,r.hich rvas rece:rt1y orgarrized at theu.nivers-ity, has a rnembEi.frip oi.oi,,"thirty-five. lt publishes eailr ricek :rbttlletin called "il Circolo.' The clrrl,is presided over by Salvatore Bor.rtempo,pres.; Fred Eisnem?nn, vicepres., and Lco Schia.;one, sec.Jose.ph"Prof. J. Casasanta has charg,of the music deparrnreut of the Uiriversityof Notre Dame. He is al:t,director of tl're farrous Notre DanreBand.LOU ISIANAD-r. l'aolo A. Rossi, Italia:r Corr,rrlat N erv Orleans, has bcen nrade aCavaliere Lrfliciale of the Cr.rrvn ofItaly._The. Bank ol ltal1,. thr grear Sarrfranclsco hrrancial institution founderlby A. P. Giannini, is said to be cor,ltemplating the extensio:r of its bankingactivities into the South. Rur.."rhas .it tlrat it is negotiating f or r Irr,purchase of a -\erv Olleans barrk.,. At the las_t nronthly tnet.tir;g r,I t]rc"Pomeriggio" section of llre Iialr.\merica Society in \erv Orlearrs. _\t_tornel' Joseph Scramuzza deliverecl alearned and \1'e11-received lectuie --onthe historl' of the ltalian, ,Aii,u,r;",-rdescent."i.Mr. Arrgusto f Iiceli of New Orlcarr-,\\ lro canle to tlris countr\. not matrr.)'ears_ ago after having graduaterl frorirthe lslituto Tecnico of palerrrro. ha:bee-n adnitted to the Louisiana'Bai.B_efore his 4-year course at Lor.olaUniversirl-, lJ;. Iliceli r, '"mfr-;t""jrvrlh nrany finaucial organizations. "The Unione ltaliana, Inc. of Nerr,Orlearrs^recent_l) approvetl o pf",,";i,iing.at a Federalio:r of ltalian So_cieties in Ne.iv Orleans ana I_"uisiJl,a.. Mr. _Paolo Montelepre of Neu. Or_lear)s. has prrlrlished a statemeltt 11rs_rng the ltalian colonv in that citv iosupport a movement to acquire frrrrtlito.r.the erection of a rnonumet.tl toChristopher Columbus.MARYLAND^ The {xth annual convention of theO-rder Sons of Italy for the,\larylandStite .ftook place recentll, at St.John's Chrrrctr in galtimti",'prl.la"Jover*by the Grand Venerableirrey Vincent4tilri'['he J. De Marco.results of the electiorrs for thecoming_Iear trvere as follows: Vl;.;;;J. De_ Marco. re-elected un"nitrlouri"Gran'l Vene rable: Salvat ore Arcilesi.Asst. Grpnd _Verrerable: Vincent Misnore,Grand Orator: Frank DellaNoce, Grand Recordins S.ii"r"ri C.rlrocco:llno. Grand Finarcialtary; Secre_E. Chiodi, Treasurerl G. Bil;.i.ATLANTICA, JANUARY, i931A. Filadelfio, S. Cinquegrani, C. Argentinoand R. Di Pietro, Grand Curators.An Intercollegiate Italian Clu,b hasbeen formed among the Italian studentsof Johns Hopkins Uriversity.MASSACHUSETTSMr. Phil Buccola, Boston Italiansportsman and handler of the mostcolorful and capabie stable of boxersPhil Buccolain tl.ris couuiry today, has cornpiied anenyiable record, considering that l-rehas been identified with the sport in aprofessioral way cnly three years.Mr. Buccola specializes in exploitingItalian fighters. He is internationallyknown and is highly regardedas a clever business man by otherleaders in his fie1d. He will not handlea fighter lvho bas no future in thering. Every meruirer of his stable is aclean liver rvitir ambitior to becomelvorld's champion in his o'n'n division.Buccola conducts a mammoth trainingcamp and living quarters for his stableat Sharorr, Mass. It is called theSharon Garde:rs, and here, 25 milesfrorn Boston, the athlete s under hismanagement live close to natLlre andcondition themselves for their fistic engagements.Among Buccola's stable thele are:Michele Bonaglia, European iiglrtweightchampion :rorv campaigning inthe heavyweight division; RiccardoBertazzolo, Italy's rugged heavl'-rveight; Vittorio Livan, Italian candidatefor the middlerveight crorvn; OddonePiazza, 2|-year-o1d ltalian unclefeatedin bouts in Europe and th'iscountry; Werther Arcelli, Italian we1-terweight r,vho also has never been deieated,and Sammy Fuller (SabinaFerutlo), bor: in Boston ancl regardedas an outstanding challenger forTon5r Conzoneri's lightweight title.The largest social event ever held ,bythe Ttalian colony of Boston, was theBridge-Whist-Scopa partv in aid ofthe Home for Italian Children heldrecentll' at the Coplev Plaza. The attericlancel-as 1.(00. The contnrittee incharge oi thc affair \vas nradc up erltirelyoi gir1s, 40 of them, headed b1.tr{iss I-uisa DeFerrari.Mr. -\. John Serirro, yourrg- Bosrorrattorney, has been unanimously electedl,residelt of the leu'ly-forr::ed Lallbridge('osr:ropolitarr Civic A:sociatiou,an

t"-of the accolupiishtuents oi }Iario Balsamooi Larvrertcc, r'row studying musicin Naples, rvhele he has composedse,, eral praiserrorthy pieces.At a re cent lurche ,-,n tendered by theFacnltl of tire Gradrrate School of-Business,\drninistration of HarvardLlniversit]- to a group of Boston ltaliaus.a:r l.-tiiclttiorr of tlle great wolkheiris d.rre bl rlre :choo1 in tlre fieldoi l.-talian Busir-ress History was relealed.The research lvork is considerabie,and is proceeding rvith the aiduI the great libraries in Italy.Anrons lhe soeakers at the lunclteon\\crq -\l*: .l -lrir Cifrino, loundcr oIthe Uphams Coiner Nlarket; Comm.Pio llargotti, Italian Corsul-Generalat Boston: and \Ir. Henry A. Sassernooi \\rest Roxbury, a graduate and forrrerinstructor in the School. Otherspresent included Prof. Joseph Sassernoof the Rosbury- Latin School, JudgeFrank Leve:oni. Paul Cifrino, P. NicholasPetrocelli. -\bramo Re, Atbert P.Robuschi. \Iartin E. Adamo, Joseph A.DiPesa and P. A. Santosuosso.Mayor Andrelr A. Casassa of Revereha: been re-elected to that positionb1' a majoritl' of 3929 votes, har'-ins poled 6765 r'otes to his Democratic.pponent's 2836. This is the largestmajoritl' ever received by a Reverecandldate ior \Iayor. In Medford.Hon. Err-:e:to \Iartini was re-electedas alder=ar :ron his district.M ICH IGANThe :cr:r:le r -\ssistant ProsecutingAtrerrnel"' ior Detroit, Attorney Ignazio-\. Ca:l:zzi. has been appointed Assista:rt-\n:Lr:re-\- General {or the State of1{: ch: ga:..The i:al:an Larvl'er's Clu;b of \,{ichica:rlls :ce: iormed rvith the follow-:ng :r',r:r::.:.hi1 : I. A. Capizzi, Michele-\. R,:ta. \rd:erv De Maggio, MicheleBartrlc,:rti,. Dcn Dente. Frank Valen-:i. -{r-tho::1.' Giufire, Joseph Geraci,\i:h,:la. O1ds. -\nthonv EsPerti, Jo-=eph Cas.tse. -A.nthoiry Marchese,Li-i, r.: c. DeFe rie, Joseph J. \,{aclonia.M ISSOURIHonorary mention and a prize ofS-ii-X,i ha: bee:r arvarded to the painterGiure-,,;,e \{ontanari, of Varese, for hi-spaintir.-a The Fishermen," exhibitedi: t.e -{"nnal Exposition of the Carledelnst:tute at Pittsburgh.rThe net' 65-story buildine of theCha=e-Farnters National Bank, nolvnearing completion in Nelv York, hasbeen designed and its construction supervised61' George Maguolo -of St.Lo':is. son of Ferdinand Maguolo,:,re:ident nf the Century Woo,lwork-:r.s C,.. .\fter his griduation froni\\a.hirgton University in the archite-crureclais o1 ia18 and a year at theBearrr .\'ts .\cademv in Parjs. \1r.\las:rr'lo joirred the -Chase & ChaseCo.-oi \eii' York, in v'hose employ hedesigned the building, one of the largc.tin the n'orld.The formal opening of tlre St. DnminrckItalian OrPhan Home in StLotris took place recently. attended bynlorc than 1000 Jtalians. Refreshmentsfor the visitors r'vere donated byTHtr ]TALiANS IN THE, UNITED STATES 43local Italial firms, a:rd rvere dispensedbv tlie Italian \{others' Club. TheBoard oi Directors o{ the Institutionconsists oi -\rchbishop J. J. Glennon,Rev. C. Spigardi, Rev. P. Barabino,Caesar Ciichizzota, Anthony Cavasuar('. lantes De -NIartirri. C irolamoL"iuseltl, 'JoseDh Lurnaghi, Dr. JosephChichizzola, Anthony Repetto ancl K'A. Pandl'ris.The Southrvest Bocce Club of St.Louis leceutly held a darce-party ir-thonor of Jasper R. Vettori, recentlyirl)rroiirted -{sqistant Pro"ecuting Attorney.Mr. \'ettori is a brother ofAlda Vettori of the \{etroPolitanOpera Company.The "Frate1lanza" of St. Louis recentlvelected the followirtg officers:Gino- Mariani, president; Enrico Zerbarini,1st vice-president; DomericoGirolami, 2nd vice-president; AchilleZani. cor. sccr.; Harry Scatizzi. finan.secr.'; H. J. Pieri, treas' The "Frattellanza"rvhich comprises over 350rnembers, is one of thc oldest Italian{raterrral societies irr thc United Stateshaving been organized in 1866.NEBRASKAThe Federaziore Coloniale ofOmaha has been formed, comPosed offour Italian societies of that city comlrisingmore than 600 members. underthe presidency of S. Falcone. Atnongthe ipeakers at the ceremony were thepresident, the ltalian Consular agentMr. Chiodo. arrd the Rev. Girrsel'peFaso.NEW JERSEYThe Board of Directors of t:he \\''arrantvBuilclirg and Loan Associationof Newark, one of thr: largest financialinstitutions in Nerv Jersel'. rvithresources of over $8,300,000, recentl-vappointed Mr. Pellegrino Pellecl-rianrisidcnt of thc comPanY. Mr. )-elicctia alrea,lt- is Iresident of the CoiumbttsTrust Co., the Columbrrs \tIortgageCo., the McKiniey Buildine andi,c,in Association ard the PellechiaConstruction Co., the latter nou' engagedin ..r;orks tctalling more than$r,.500,00c.rThe {irst American of ltalian clescentcver to have been electecl to the Newlersev State Legislature is Attorney-F."tti, tr{. Travaline, Jr., as a resrrlt ofthe recent elections. Graduated fromthe Uriversity of Pennsylvania LawSchool in 1926, he taught there till1une.1928, when he entered politics.lAs secrctary of the sPeaker of theState House, ire so distinguished himselffor t$,o years that he was electedto the Legislatrrre himselfIn appreciation of his work as orllanizei-of the Trenton Unico Club andtis seruices as its first president, Dr'-A.rthonv J. Lettiert lvas tendered atestimonial luncheon by the club membersrecently. -\ttorney George Pellitiere.the piesent club president, presided.and-Dr. J,rsenh Pantaleone. olrhehalf ot the clulr, presented Dr. Lettierelvith a set of surgical instruments'r--Italo-Americano of Trenton,now (since 1927) I..a .\'out'o Copilole'rvas established 20 I'ears aso' b'v agrouu oi ltaliarl. headcd by -\Ir' IIich-"ael -Cuntrtiirli. Thjs a;tniversary wasteicbrateo late lasL rttorrth l'r-v all enter-;;i;;;;r-^;',1 -aani. n.r.t at Hunsar.ianil;ii -l;;- ihat citv i' honor ot NIr'C.-"t;"i, rvhose - lle\vspaper uas their.gitinittg ,rl the ltalra:r pres- ,irrtLatlocality. .\. part ol tlle ccle-)ratroll'l-., -\ i,n; u t aiLlote' llu\\ (-\tii"i".o, dll({l bJ .l o-also is:ued a. slrecielcornbintd '"fnL hristrllas allLl allrll!t rsar-\'nunber on Dec. 22.An ltaliau Night' u'jll be givetr attile Ncrl J erse) Statc \Iuseurrr 111ir'.,tton o:r- J arruarl l0th' The corrrmitteein charge ol the arrangcntentsi;"1;,i.- Dr. TJscolr .Parttaleurte, chair'-r;;;;-M;. Michael Conrtri:ri and Dr' Jo-."ota M"ini.to. Others assisting are"vi.i Caiit.t;tre Dileo and thc Rcv' AIfonsoPalombi.A bartcuet in ho:tor of -\ttorrre'ter""t i. Grrariiri, re-elected Asserubll --rtt the November elections, wasneta "i ii.e"ttr- in Jersev City' IIr'Michael A. Scatuorchio, Italian Democraticleader, was the chief speaker oithe evening.More tltart 500 reople. includirre -theI ralian Ambassadbr and the ItalianConsul-Gereral for New York, r''rere;;;;;t ii th" t...nt dirrner-dance heldi"-it.,. lt"ii"tt Weifare League of Neu'liti.v at the Elks Clu'bhouse in Newark.'Othet. present lvere Congress--"ttCavicchia-. Dr. O" Simone, NelvurtVi.. Consul, and Judge AnthonYF. Minisi, the latter acting as toastmaster.Cav. Attorrey J. PLrglia, at the irrviro,iJ"-Miir-'e. of t. V"astola and Missli. - It"o.ttl", teacher of Italian . atij;.f.i"r." Higtr School in Jersev Citl''r.."nilu spoke bclore the Ttaliarr Cluh.,i-thai'it-tttttution on the inrportarrce ofihe strrdv of Tlalian in this countrJ-.il; ;;t inlroduced hv Mr' Trtcciarotre'presidert of the ciub.Mr. Domenico Colonna oi Unig"nc;ii:. o*initer of the Cir-ic Reluhli-*ti'Cftil Repuhlicarr leader of theii"il-l. it ""4 the Union Hill sectiorr ofthat citv. is prontoline a moremerrt 1ohave the studr-of Ttaliarr irrtroducerl'tthe citl,'s schools.NEW YORK CITYMr. Edward Corsi, heacl r'vorker atH;;G;H"rse in. New York, one. ofthe census supervlsors last April hasil"""- by the United Statesb"n"tii"'.nt "ppolnted of Cbmrrrerce to head a".."t'.f i"".,'i-t"k.tt to deterrnine-the;;;i"; oi u'.*Plo,r.d in \erv YorkCity.During the Cl-rristmas holidal's- theItali;n-American Democratic Club atii".i-ioitt' Street dispensed 200 dirnericontaining 5000 lbs. of food'Professor Domenico Vittorini of theri";"eititv of Pennsvlvania has been-t"' the ltalian Historical Sof;iivt="al"a storn of lecttrrers' He rvill lectureon Italiarr literattlre.A Circolo ltaliano of the studentsoi-1ft. I ao*ntou':r college" of- Fordiramtnil'er.itl' has been formed, meet-;.1,";' tL. Woolrvorth Building. Dr..c.- o.rtill.-of the I'niversity. is iacrr'lty

44 ATLANTICA. JANUAR\: 193 1Ciolli, aucl '\dr:iana Dori. C)n Jara.1i, thc,conrpalll' u'ill prese:rt "I1 Carilinale,l'an Italian adaptation andtratrslatiot.t bl' gurttttto A. Trar-ersi olLouis N. I'arker's "Tl"re Cardinal."Of the :i25 nevr patrolrneu graduatingfrom the school of recruits of theNes' York Police College recettll., 43nere of Italian origin.Alpha Phi Delta Dinnera

THE ITALIANS iN THE U}{ITED STATES 45of the Lambda Phi NIu Medicatr Fraternityu,as held Dec. 29th at the I1otelPennsyivania. The guests of honorrvere Ho:r, Ernanuele Grazzi, RoyalItalian Consul-General for Neu' York;Dr. P. F. Amoroso, Dr. J. P. Alvich'Dr. A. \\''. ]I. l\l'arino, and tr{r. L.Realbuto.NEW YORK STATEJliss flarie 'Ieresa Scalzo, Deputy-A.ttorney Gereral for Nelv York State,had a large part recently in enjoining anou' bankrupt chain of drug storesi:onr selling stock rn its subsidiaries.Peter -1. Campon of Bitighamtonhas been continuing his talks beforerepresentative New York bodies. Recentlyhe spoke before the GraceChurch forun in Osrn'ego on the contributionsof Italians to ra'orld advancerrent.Students of ltalian origin of BenjaininFra:rklin School of Rochesterhave organized a Renaissance Societywhich will duplicate that of the EastHigh School in the same city. The ofllcersof the new society are Sam Calalfano,pres.; Michael Terrana, v. p.;\[ary Arnao, secr.; Adriana Bonsignore.treas.; and Ernily Narclo, socialchairman.The Nerv,burgh Philharrror-ric Society,conducted and directed by ProfessorErrnelindo Er:resto Ortone, recentlygave a successful concert in thatcitl.A brilliant legal victory whereby tirJcity of Yonkers w-as saved some $80,-000 has been won after a long fighton the part of Attorney Vincenzo DeCarlo, Ass't. Corporation Counsel.The fourth annual ball of the Italianl-\merica:r Welfare Club oi the l(Jthu ard in Yonkers 'vr-as held recently,under the auspices of an organizingcomnrittee composed of AnthonyPisco, Joseph Sampogna, OppolinoBianchi, Frank Regina and LarryBruno. The officers of the organizationare as follows: James J. Abbate,pres.; Domi:rick Costanzo, v. pres.; JosephSaltarelli, treas.; Joseph Sam-1,ogna. cor. secr.; and Tho'mas Avezzano,finc. secr.The Yonkers Builders' Suppl-v Companyhas secured the lbiggest single cementorder ever iet out in WestchesterCounty, comprising 240,000 bags olPortland cement which will be used inrhe construction of the White Plains-Tarrytown Highwar', or which theEeneral contractors are Peter Luciano& Son of White Plains.The 7th Ward Republican Club ofYonkers has re-elected the followingofficers: Giuseppe lanarella. pres.: VincenzoDe Carlo, v. p.; Louis Sansone,treas.; Charles Buttacavoli, Nicoia DeNisi. Charles Genovese, secretaries.The Bacelli Medical Club of Buffaio,q-hose membership comprises all theItalian physicians of that citl', recentll'held a Virgil Bimille:rary commemorationat a monthly meeting. led by Dr.Louis N. La Mantia. Dr. \iincent C.Moscato is president of the organization.The Central Republican Club ofRochester recently elected the fcll:wingofficcrs for the cominq year: SantoLongo, organizer; Giuseppe Rallo,president; Roberto Brocato, 1st vicepres.; Pietro Di Pasquale,2:rd vicepresi.; Agostino Pu1ci, cor. sec.; MatteoNovaro, fin. sec.; Agostinc Oliveri,treasurer; ar-rd Dr. Luigi Balducci, orator.Dr. Bruno Roselli, head of the Departmentof Italian at Vassar College,has been notified that H. M. the I(ingof Italy has conferred on him thehonor of the Star of Italy, irr recognitioncf his work in con:rection w-iththe excarrations a.t Leptis Magna inAfrica.Dante Tocco, of Endicott, in his secorrdyear at Cornell, has won trvoscholarships, according to an announcementof the State E,ducatiorDepartment at Albany.oH roA banquet in honor of Dr. \'Ianticaand Attilio Serafini. Roval ltalianConsular Agert, was held nbt long agoin Steubenville, Ohio.The Italiar Women's Association ofYoungstown, Ohio has wo,rked incessantlyall year on behalf of the ltalianneedy of their city. Mrs. Dominick F.Rendinelii is President of the Association.PENNSYLVAN IAPlans have been completed for thecollection of $25,000 for the creation ofan Italian Hall in the Pittsburgh "Ca-,thedral of Learning" soon to be erected.Mr. W. P. Ortale is chairman ofthe organizing committee and the decorativeand art work l-ras been ertrustedto the Italian artist LorenzoRomanelli of Florence.Mr. Robcrt Lombarcli of Philadelp1-ria,a contractor, has received theCross of Ch.evalier of thc Crovvn ofItaly.The Circolo Italiano of the Llniversityof Pennsylvania in Philadelphialast month held a literary gathering,under the auspices of its facultl' advisor,Professo.r Domenico Vittori,ri,of the ltalian Department of the Universit1..Mr. Vittorini is author of"The Modern Italian Novel." recentlvpuhlished in Elglish by the Unirersit -r'of Penrrsl'lvania Press.Through the courtesy of trIr. R"ffaeleBorrelli, Dr. Leopold Vaccaroof Philadelphia spoke over StationWPEN recentll', exhorting the ltaliansto sup'port the Broad Street hospitalof that citt'.The Circolo Da:rte Alichieri of Philadelphialast month held the first ofits season's dances. The committee ir.charge of the affair was composed ofCav. Nazareno Monticelli. chairmar.John I4asciantonio. Aldo Bellino andJoseph Gas,parri.At the recent annllal football banqrretof Duquesne University in Pittsburg,\fichael Ferrari. of Erie, rvaselected cap,tain of the 1931 footballteam. He plays left guard.At a recent rneetiflg, the NuovaAurora Society of Erie elected thefollo'lving nrer to represent rt at theErie Federation of I talian Societies :Luigi Criscuo{o, Giuseppi Di Laura,Giovanni Di Cecco, Carlo Rossi andGiuseppi Di Coriro. The latter wasalso elected president of the societyfor the coming 1'ear.The 15-year old daughter of I'Ir. VincenzoD'Inrperio, musician, of Philadelphia,recently gave a piano concertover Statio:r WFAI\, follou'ed thenext week by another.A proposerl authorization of $10,000for the remodelling oI the clubhouseof the Philadelphia Circolo Italiano hasbeer approved. Alterations will be underthe direction of Mr. Edmondo D'Ambrosio, chairman of the Ways and-\leans Conrnrittee of thr crganizatiou.At the same meeting, Attorney Jol-rlAlcssandroni was elected presidetrt ofthe Circolo for. the coming year.The Professional an

46A rnass-meeting of the Italian societiesof Altoona was held recently forthe initiation of 50 new members forthe Cirene Court No. 359 of the Forestersof America. Among those pres-.r'rt .0,.t Attorney Adriano Bonelli ofPhiladelphia, Grand Chief Ranger forl'en:tsvlvania.A combined exhibitior of oil paintirrssand banquet in honor of Gertnaro.Nlissi. radio operator for the CosulichLine,'rvas helcl last month by the CirculuUarr'L Alrghieri ar its -Bloedgtreet clubhouse 1n Phiiadelphia. T'heexr'ibition extended from Dec. 28th to- lan.5th. t,, "',,,r,, ^\lassi burll irr Abtuzzo,hai travelled lvide1y, and the subjectsof his paintings, which he executed inhis spi.e time, comprise practicallythe whole world' He is an accomplishedlirrguist and his work, accordil,rto botii Italian and American criticslslrorvs considerable promise.i)r:rn 37 vears ago, Ilr. Massi hasalreaclv helJ successiul' exhibitions atTararrio, Naples, Rome, Barcelorra.'1'unisi and New York, ard has receiiedconsiderable recognition..\nrong the sPeakers at the fornralopening-ard banquet were Mr. Severo-\ntone-lii, well-known artist-photograoherof PhiiadelPhia; AttorneYla'mes I anucci, who acted as toasaiuaster:Prof. Pasquale Farinal Rev.Prof. De1la Cioppa; tr'Iiss Theresa Bucchieri;and Attoiney An-rerigo V. Cortese.Mr. Charles C. A. Baldi, banker,merchant, publisher, philanthropist,and one of - the leatlers of Philadelohia'sltalian colony, died ol an apoplecticstrolcr Dec. 28' He was 60r.ears o1d.'8t,.,r rn Casteirrttova, Itall', he cameto this country at the age of 6. He\\ as thrice decorateri bY the King oIItaly, was the publisher of L'Opinione,Phiiadelohia's Jtalian daily, nrember ofrhe Board of Education, president ofthe First Italian Exchange Bank andoi the Italian Fcderation. lle wasPhilaclelphia's representative at the-ErrroDean collvention of the Internar',,rraiChamber ol Conrmerce, one ofthe five .me,mbers of the State Boardof U:rdertakers, and a member of manyItalian and American societies, antongthern the Circolo Dante Alishieri andthe tr'Ianufacturers' C1ub.His lcxs, a great one, rvas r,videlyfelt by the entire city of Philadelphia.Everyone, from llayor Mackey down,paid tribute to his domirtating personalitvand cheerful snrile.RHODE ISLANDMore than 300 persons attended thebanquet held at Borgia Ha11 in Providencerecently in honor of CouncillorelectFrank A. Prete. On behalf olhis friends, Councillor Angelo Parentepreserted him rvith a gold watch.Among the speakers \r'ere MayorDunne, Mons. Antonio Bova, CityTreasurer Walter Fitzpatrick, AldermanAntonio C. Ventrone, State DeputyJoseph Veneziale, Councillors F.Hao and John Barone, AttorneyDe Pasquale and Attoney Luigi Cappe11i.The Alpha Beta Eta Clu,b of Brou'nUniversity made its formal social debutlast month with a reception andtlance held at the Hotel Narragansett.ATLANTICA, JANUARY, i93X.The club is composed of students andalumni of Brown Unive'rsity. Amongthe alumni on the comnrittee wereFrank C. Cambio, Emilio N. Cappeili,Dr. Angelo G. Valertino, Dr. DanielV. Troppoli, Luigi Capasso andTiromas Paolino. The student committeeincluded Anthony De1 Sesto,Anthonii J. Russo, Lan-reuce FI. Nattistini,Joseph J. Iannoli, Vincent S.Lolordo, and Gaspare R. Paola.The Rostrum Club of Providenceheld a victory dance last mo:rth inhonor 'of the election of Benjamin Cianciarulo,who t'as elected representativefi'om the 14th Providence districton the Republican ticket in theface of a Democratic landslide. Thecommittee in charee of the dance includedJoseph B. Cranieri, AlfrerlBucci, Miss' Josephinc Esposito. andThomas Verrii,The Providence Journal recently ranan article on Professor Danilo Sciotti,rn connection with a musical 'lvorkcomposed by him which will be presentedbefore long in ltaly, called"Sirinetta." Professor Sciotti is a nativeof Pr'ovidence. He began hismusical studies at the age of ten, andcontinued them ir Italy. He now hashis orvn mtrsical studio in 1i-rat city,and is the composer of many musicalrr'orks.A banquet in honor of Cruncillo::Ihomas Tarro of Providence, who tvasrecently re-elected, was given not longago b1' his friends" Men high in p,oliticallife, including many ltalians, u'erepresent.Of eleven academic prizes recentlr'given 'b1' Biown University for excellencein studies, three were won byItaliarrs. They are: Gaetan.o Falciglia,first prize in Greek; John Quattrocchi,second prize in Greek: and AbramoImpaglizzo, prize in Mathematics"A testinronial dirner was held lastmonth in honor of Dr. Eutimio Tenagliaof Providence, who recently establishedhimself in that city as aph1'sician and surgeon. More than 125friends, including many,fellow-physicians,attended the affair. AlfredD'Amario was chairman of the committeein charge of the dinner.The Pico Ameriian Young Women'sWelfare Associa',ion was recentlyformed in Providence, as an auxiliaryof the Pico Citizens' Society. Amongthe officers elected were the follorving:Giulia Pompei. pres.: Luisa Conti, v.p.;Inez N. Conti, fin. sec.; Tole Carnevale,cor. sec., and Cesarina Conti, treas.SOUTH CAROLINAtr{r. Charles Mauro, formerly ConsularAgent for both North and SouthCarolina, was recently made a Chevalierof the Crown of ltaly. Not longa[ter. his son Charles, Jr.. was graduatedfrom the Naval Academy atAlnapolis. In celebration of the dou61eevent, the Italians of Charleston helda banquet recently for both father andson.TEXASThe follolving new officers wereelected at a recent meeting o{ the"Queen of Clubs" of Dallas: MissKatherine l\{erino, pres.; Miss Victoria\''arcasia, v.-p.; X{iss Lucille Dragna,secr., and \.{rss Pauline Dragna, treas.The society recently held a Christmasdirner, Iollowed by a theatre party.When depression hit Henry A.Pinto, of Dallas, an artisan in marble,recently, he decided to work on hiso\vn. Now he has on exhibition severalworks in marble, including a fewmollurnents, all doue ouring the p.astyear.The Ladies Auxiliary of the CristoforoColombo Society of Beaumontheld its annuai election recentlv. Assuningtheir duties in January-will,bethe following nelv oflicers: NIrs. FredCannata, pres.; Xfiss Jo Camille Navarro,v.-p.; N1rs. "8" G. Lamprey, rec,secr.; X['rs Virrcent Navarro, treas.,and l,Irs. L. L. Danna, Chairman ofthe tsoard of Directors. A Christmasparty was l-reld by the society duringthe holidays.One of the largest bakeries in Texaslvas recently opened by Mr. C. Gaglianoand his son Vincent in Beaurnont,under the name of the BarkerBakery. lt is a 920,000 concern .VIRCIN IADr. A. Logoluso, ltalia:r eonsul atBaltimore, recently paid a formal visitto the city of Norfolk, accompanied bythe ltalian Consular Agent -for Noi-Iolk, Dr. R. C. Ruggieri. He was metby a delegation hcaded by the engineerHug. l3ernagozzi. At the - dinnerin his honor the f.ollowing spoke:N. Granata, representing the- IialianEerrevoleut Society of Norfolk, NicolaFerlazzo, Grand Venerable of the OrderSo:rs of I taly .for Virginia, D.Margiotto, J. Ficirra. J. F... Lagana.4ngelo Sansomc, A. Mollura, - andComrrr. -Amedeo Obici, head of tlrePlanters' Nut and Chocolate Conrparry,the largest of its kind in the worli.WASH INGTONThe Standard Savings and Loan Associationof Seattle, locallv kncwn a,;"Brunini's Bank." ancl probably thestrorgest Italian ,bank in the North-1\'est, recently nroved irto new andlarger quarters.The bank was founded ,four years?go by Mr. Edoardo Brunini, and itsBoard oi Directdrs now comprisesth.ree other Italiaris, Dr. Saverib DeDonato, and Messrs. Nicola lrioritoand Giuseppe ()bzina,.WEST VIRCIN IAA new Italian school has been op,eredin Charleston, the first of its kindin W'est Virginia, through the effortsof Mr. Toto Giudice, Grand Venerableof the Order Sons of J.taly for \VestVirginia. Among those present at theopening were Capt. Enrico Ianrarelli,Italian Consular Agent for that Stateand Dr. Antonio Logoluso, RoyatrItalian Consul for Baltimore.CANADARecent official statistics of the dioceseof Montreal show that Italiansform the third larqest group of Catholicsin the territory. The figures forthe Catholic grou,ps are es follou.s:French-speaking. 696,661; Erglishsoeakins,49.016; Italian-speakinq, 13,-171.

u ar. c1'.reli-atto di amicizia, si dlliS>r- 2 Saettare come t1n pazzo, e:r ,:r :: c cirrietato se non quando il;,:::ri,, . La toito il dito.F. rirs,-,nrrna. una natura poco socirr',.lt: nn che nessuno si occupari l:r qira tranquillo, ingoiandoacLt'-:a s.nza.fine. non .appena_qual-.ril,- sr avvrcina comincia ad agi-:ais: con Lrn'aria di spavento.Cr:,o egli deve essere annoiato e:riste: ci son cosi poche distrazionirella sua r-ita ! Qualche volta Italo::asixr::a con cautela il vaso sul':alanzale. perch6 il pesce si svaghigua:dando fuori, o 1o depone sullar-iilentr-.,. per farlo assistere aisuoi giochi.,\lia mattina poi c'd il ricambioriell'acqua. ma queil'operazione Aaccornpagnata da tali spaventi cheiorse il pesce vi rinuncerebbe volentieri.Prima 1o versano insiemerrLrn 1'acqrla del suo vaso nella vatA Minraturc AnthologyOf Italian Literaturel..- iflnr.ibq Dinn., Opnnti( F...,', []"qoro)Ni,':,,#T*#;f,":r".{;pc:cit lino dorato che va c r ierrelento. con nn'aria stanca. Ci sono,1elle slrallezze in quel vaso : agnaiclare dall'alto si vede un pesce-.oio e piccolo. a guardare di latose ne ledono mclti e grandi : Italol.ra piolato moite volte a contariie non vi d mai riuscito.I1 prirno saluto della mattina dpe: lui : i1 bimbo appoggia i1 nasoai letro. e il pesce gli viene incontroa bocca aperta, con gli occhispalancati. come se volesse mangiarloin un boccone, ma quando haiaggir,rlito il naso scivola via deluso,,; Jtal,-, riile.Egir r-r-ro1 bene al pesciolinod',,,ro: assiste ogni giorno al ricam-:-,:,' dc1l'acqua. gli sbriciola il pane,r r:a ia:io dei tentativi per acquis-:a:-. ia sira confidenza: ttna volta,;aci'r:,iendo tutto il pt'oprio co-:a{{i .. ha immerso ii dito nellaa.c'-ia. ::ra i1 pesce, invecediapprez-schetta cla bagno di Bruno, ecl eglivi guizza disperatamente (chissacos'ha crecluto al primo instante?),ma in un baleno ha esplorato inlungo e in iargo il nuovo dominio,e i suoi giri si fanno piir lenti. Sela sosta si prolunga, si ferma addiritturanei bel mezz,o delia vascaH rem:l adagio con le pinne comese ii, ancor meno che nel vaso,valesse la pena di muoversi. Ledi{ficoitl cominciano quando bisognaprenderlo: ormai dovrebbeaver capito che non gli si vuol fardel maie, invece saetta e si dibattecon tanta furia che talvolta schizzafuori dall'acqua; e quando finalmentesi € riusciti ad afrerrarlobisogr-ra tenerlo ben stretto perch6non sfugga prima di esser rimessonel vaso.Poi un aitro giorno incomincia,ed egli riprende i lenti interminabiligiri della sua minuscola prigione.L'acqua manda un riflesso sullaparete, e, quando s'increspa, quelriflesso si agita e fa dei buffr gestiche s'inseguono, tremano e ritornanoun punto. Certo il pesciolinonon sa che i suoi stanchi guizzi cliprigioniero mettono Lrna l()ta digioconditi nella stanza"Ora Italo fa un gioco nuovo, inventatoin questo momento: sipone col clorso alla parete, e nelloatto di far scorrere sul pavimentouna pal1a di gomma si slancia acorsa insieme con quelia per vederechi arriva prima alla parete opposta.La zio ha dichiarato che dun gioco un po'sciocco, ma forsenon io ha capito bene: il fatto dche ltalo ci si apassiona. Uno dopoI'aitro egli percorre tutti gli itiner.ari possibili fra le quattro pareti,6nch6 s'abbatte come un bolidenell'angolo della mensola.Lo zio si volta a uno strilloacutissimo e intravede nell'aria unbalenio d'oro, e poi, sul pavimento,il dibattersi frenetico di una cosalucente. Con un guizzo fulmineoil pesce d balzato dal vaso, e pr-imache Itaio abbia potuto prenderlo Aandato a finire sotto il divano.Zio ! muore ! muore !- Tl bimbo, bianco cl'ansoscia, si47g-etta .sill par.intcnto : nra l'orlo delilivarro r hasso. norr vi si ptro irr_filar'.: .cire il I,,r.accio. c il br.acci,,rlr lt.'l,ln r.l.rret.e : irirpossil,ile spos_lare il nrohile : il rlivino c Drantat()come una roccia : ci voirebl,er.,sei u,-,mirri o rrn terr.emolo., L.o zio i rrscilo a cercare lurbastone: Jtrlo si sposta lungo l,orlosprngendo la rrrrno fin dovJ oud ec.on llna soffer.enza che preciirita' indispera.zione, ascolta q".f All'utt.r=iangoscioso: d Lln piccolo, ,oiaolulnore, ma piri potente rli tutti itmslrrr.,ni .ch'egli ha mai sentito.r_l sot[o \-l c ulla cosa viva che sil_.lr_S: ri ,tende, si conrrae neglispasrmi dell'agonia: e non lruotmorlre , qyql.lo. sbattimento semprepru hoco c I'ultimo sforzo per nonmorire: e ltalo "uot,"l"'"rlio, l"sua lltano cerca avidamente a duep.ul*i. a un palmo. O p"..1le n"niillltnnr sussnlti irrvece di avvicirraisisi allontana ? Potrebbe ancora sal_varsi,..e viver.e chissi. quanto. Clrirmpedrsce la salyezza? Chi vrroleche il pesciolino clor-ato muoia ?L quesrrone di un palnro. perch{rtalo. e padrone di spazii illimitatiper le corse, se poi alla sua manomancano i centimetri per trarre insalvo il suo piccolo am'ico? peich6drspone delle ore e dei giorni per igio.ch!, se poi eli vengono meno siiattrmi per irnpedire quella morte ?"Vi e qualcosa di nemico che av_versa gli sforzi di ltalo ?Peggio: vi d una cosa incliffer_ente: indifferente come il divanoche nessuno pud muovere e sotto ilquale un piccolo essere mllore.Da qrrarrrio rron sente niri ouelIieve sbattimerrto, .il t,imbo ha'nelpetto come un tremito freddo, e glisembra che intorno a lui si "g-itiir.delle cose oscure tn mezzi allequali eveva senlpr.e vissuto serrzrratcorgelsi ,lella Ior-o presenzr.Giunge lo. zio con una lunla cannae la fa scorrere sotto il divano.\rengono fuori due legnetti dellecostrrtziorti, rnolti batrrffili di ool_vere. 1rn copcrchio di latta, un io._chetto ; dopo un po'viene fuori Lrrr:rcosa olrlunga. nera di polvere. in_vescaia in quei batuffoii imrrrondi.l-o -i,r Ir melte nell'acqrra. e in_

48ATLANTICA, JANUARY, 1931sieme col bimbo si curva a spiare ilpesciolino ammaccato e ineite chegalleggia sopra un fianco, mentrela polvere si stacca lentamente.. . . Rinviene? . . .-interroga -Rinviene? Italo aggrappandosi congli occhi allo zio.ci vorr.i pir) tempo . . ._t-Forse volendo risparmiare al piccinoquella pena lo zio soggiunge:-Rimettiamolo al suo posto, \'erremoa vedere piil tardi. MaItalo gli trattiene il braccio..-Senti; li non rinviene per-ch6c'd troppo poca acqua. Se lo mettessimonella Stura? L'acqua dellaStura d viva, e ce n'd tanta !M", a metterlo nella Stura,anche - se rinviene, tu lo perdi lostesso,-osserva 1o zio frssandolo.Non inrporta, non importa !.purch6 - ritorni vivo !Allora andiamo.- Lo zio prende il vaso e si avvia;Italo lo precede sul sentiero e ognidue passi si volta a guardare ilpesciolino che oscilia nell'acqua, eriprende il suo oro. Si fermanonel mezzo del ponticello di legno:il fragore delle acque d cosi altoche quella strana sepoltura sembraclivenuta una cosa meno importante.Il bimbo si aggrappa alparapetto. e nell'attimo in cui ziovolta il vaso grida: -Addio pesciolinod'oro ! Ritorna vivo !Un balenio nell'aria. un'ombrasr)bito travolta nella corrente.Z'tol d ritornato vivo!I,'ho -Ziol visto muoversi !Ma 1o zio non mente, neppureper pieti. Italo comprende e tace;giunto sul cancello domanda:va nel mare?-Adesso Si, la Stura lo porta nel Po, eil--Po, dopo un lungo viaggio, 1oporta nel mare.Dimmi, anche se d morto, nonr| contento - di ritornare nel mare ?Di questo, si, d contento.- Italo ha quattro anni, e prestoriprencie i suoi giochi; ma durantei7 pranzo 1o zio sorprende una suaocchiata che cerca sulla parete ilriflesso che, a ogni guizzo del pesciolino,faceva quei gesti strlni;e durante tutto il giorno, al di 1)dei giocattoli, al di li. del giardino,delle piante, e di tutte le cose che sivedono il bambino avverte unapresenza muta e fredda; e. dentros6, oltre le parole che d,ice o cheascolta, oltre ii riso e i ca.pricci,oltre le impressioni e i pensieri,rlmane uno stupore nuovo.Bror,o A Trtt"bg Cio',,,o.ni Dopini(Fno- "Buffonol.")(l\ ERAFINO i penetrato sei\ mcsi fa in casi del profes-XJ sore con dei vaghi prestestiche nessuno pud ricoidari. Siccomeaccanto alla casa c'd un pezzodi terra con venti piante e il'protessorenon puo pagarsi un giardiniereSerafino s'd offerto dipu]ire i viali e di potare gli alberi.Ifanno cominciato col dargli unpd da mangiare in cucina aisiemealla d,onna. Ma finito il lavorocampestre Serafino ha cercato intutti i modi d'esser utile alla famiglia.S'd offerto per contrattarecoll'ortolano e per aldare alla barrreraa comprare i giornali. Poi hafabbricato una iarriola per iragazzi ed ha messo la rete di fil dif erro perch6 i polli del vicina,tonon vengano a dar noia al professore.A poco a poco d diventato comedi casa e ha chiesto di poter alloggiarea terreno in una specie distalla superflua di cui la famiglianon sa che farsi. Ogni tanto lasignora gli dl cinquanta centesimie una lettera da portare e non c'dverso che torni prima di sera. MaSerafino d un uomo prezioso che silivelaapocoapoco.La signora s'd ammalata e ailoraha fatto sapere, colle sue frasibrevi, ch'egli conosce i segreti deisemplici e degli antichi ricettari coiquali ha guarito molta gente, al suopaese. E parla con sicurezza dig'rasso di tasso e di erba campana.Se non si prova nd il tasso nd l'erbanon disponde di nulla. Ma dopo tregiorni si ricorda d'un altro segreto,di un rimedio infallibile che gli haconfidato.nel 68 un certo professor'Patellini. Egli afferma arditamentela celebrit) di questo professoreche nessuno di noi conosce. Ma lasigrora guarisce e allora, per giustificarela sua presenza, annunziache prepared le legna per I'inverno.Piccolo e silenzioso si aggiranel bosco della villa inmaniche di camicia e riesce ariempir di f ascine un intero sottoscala.Potranno farci fuoct,almeno una settimana. Parrebbeche la sua missione fosse finita.Nient 'affatto. . Egli si accorge cheal sottoscala manca la porta edichiara che una porta d issoultamentenecessaria se vogliono teneiasciutte le legna.Serafin-o, si accinge coraggiosamentea fabbricare l'uscio. Spezz.ale vecchie casse. sega le scatoie piiinservibili, inchiodi dalla mattinaalla sera e alla fine della settimana cirnostra un bell'uscio fatto diquaranta o cinquanta pezzi ma dicui egli .qarantisce i" soliditi.Aggiunge che. per conservarlo,bisogner) dargli - una mano divernice. Serafino s'incarica anchedella verniciatura e ne viene a capoin tre giorni.Ormai non si stacca pii dallacasa; 1o si vede a un trattb traversarle stanze a passo di lupo comese non volesse farsi vedere. Oraprepara i fiori d'inverno nei vasi,accommoda la scala deJ ler.razzo, fala guardia ai fichi e aiuta la donnaa far 7a conserva. Finalmente eglifa sapere .che in gioventri, do[oaver fatto il contadino e it'euaiitore,ha fatto anche I'antiquaiio. Eha trovato delle cose m'agnifichenelle case lontane di cui ndn vuoldire il nome perch6 i birbanti dicui s'd fidato troppo hanno presritutto per loro e ora si trova senzapane nd tetto mentre potrebbe fareil signore. Ma se Dio vuole, perquanto gli antiquari abbian fiutattre girato.. non hanno preso ognicosa. Ci sono ancora, lontanclontano, in posti che lui solo conosce,,degli oggetti meravigliosi chepotrebbero farlo - signore. Cli oflrjaloi quattrini per il viaggio.N{a Serafino dignitoso e commosso.risponde che s'd affezionata aibambini e che Cii dispiacerebbetroppo di lasciar la signora. E vain cerca di qualche asie perch6 s'daccorto che il professore avrebbebisogno di una panca per stare aleggere all'ombra del marroud'India.E accanto al marron d'India cistarebbe bene una pergola-eppoibisogneri ritingere le colonne dellatetrazza. .Serafino non anderi, mai piu via.

Iointhe Bo ok, of ' the -Month Ctubnow-while you can getrheFirstBookFREEA special offer-see redso'n for itGREAT many people (we know) havebeen on the verge of joining the Book-ofthe-MonthClub, but have neglected todo so largely through oversight. This specialoffer is made, frankly, to overcome this procrastinationby making it rn'orth rvhile for you not to delayionger. \7e suggest simply that you get full informationat once about what the Book-of-the-Month Club doesfor you, and then decide once for all whether you wantto join. The mere fact that more than 100,000 judiciousbook-readers already belong to the organization-thatthey represent the elite cf the land in every professionand every walk of life-that not a single one was inducedto join by a saiesman or by personal solicitationof any kind, but did so after simply reading the factsabout what the Club does for book-readers-all ineieare indications that it is rvorth your rvhile at least to getthese facts as quickly as possible, and then (if you wantto) join and get your first book free. You assume noobligation in sending the coupon below for full information.q$ffi# ffiffi#\belowSix disringuishcd foreign au.thors nou' serve as an InrerrrationrlAdvisory Committeefor thc Rook -of-rhe-MonthClub. The function the individualsin this foreign groupperform is to keep our judgesr:dvis. J abour whet th(V considerthe signi6cant newbooks published abroad, eachin his own country..The Com.mittee consists of :FoR EscraNn,Il. G. \VcllsandArnold BennettFoR Fn.lNcs,Andr6 MauroisFoR GERN{ANY ANDAustRta,Thomas Mannand-\rthur SchnitzlerFoR SceNotNevra,Sigrid lJndsetlJenry Seidel Canblrle; rvoodllrouqDororhvCanEcliChrrstophcr\Iorlcy\\-illia,r Al1:n\tr hireTHE EDITORIAL BOARD OF THE BOOK.OF.THE.MON I'H CLUB

A1\ TXECTJTIVETRAIi\II\C PLAI{fn, men who utant completeFNNANCIAL INDEPENDENCEin the next fio" yearsU]IVEyears from today, this conversation will takeI place over thousancls of luncheon tables:"I wonder what's going to happen in business?" onernan will say."The next few years are going to be hard."His companion will laugh. "That's just what the;'said back in 1930," he will repl-v. "People were apprehensiveafter the crash, ;'et since then more businesshas been done, bigger fortunes made, than ever before.They've certainly been good years lor nrc."This conversation is irnaginar\' ilow, but be assuredof this-it will come true. These tlvo nreu representthe two groups into which business lrlen aredividing themselves now. In 1935 the men in onegroup will say to themselves, "f have got whnt Ix'anted." 'fhe others will say, "I wish I had thoseYears back."The new Executive Trailing Plan of theInstitute was designed for those whorvant to make their mark in the nextflr'e years.'l'he plan is ne'il-so ne'r,r'that the finalsections are only just now coming offthe presses.Itis authoritatiae, f or it numbers amongits contributors such business leaders as\Vill FI. IIays, Joseph P. Da1-, BruceBarton, Dr. Julius Klein, David Sarnofi,and scores of others.It is complete-a comprehensive, cornrnon-senseplan for your personal financialprogress. Saicl one of our subscribersonly the other da;', "I have been on theup-grade ever since I enrolled. My $2a0Send for the new boohlet announcing anentirely new Series of Business Coursesa month has jurnped to $700. And Iblame the Institute for itl"How the plan worksThis training gir.es you the most valuableequipment that a business mancan have-a knowledge of the funclamentalprinciples of. all departme'nts ofbusiness.It teaches you the up-to-ddte methodsof successful men whose authority isproved bf incomes of $50,000, $100,000and more.It gives you new and valuable ideasideasthat speed sales, ideas that cutcosts, ideas that will increase the netprofits of your company.It shows you how to focus all vourefforts on a defilite goal-financial independencefor yourself ancl 1'oLrl famil;'.It shows vou how to invest ;'orlr [lor]eyprofitably after yorr have rnade it.ttWhat an ExecutiveShould I{now"Take the first step toward reai independencetodal' bv sending for your'cop;' of the newly published bookletofiered in the colrpon belor'. It 'willcome to 1,ou b;'rnail, r.ithout obligation.Manl' mgr have said that in 30 rninutesit gave them a clearer picture of their'business future than the;* ever had before.ALEXANDER HAMILTON INSTITUTE1o 1/i.r Alexander Hamilton Institute,3l3Astor Place, Nelv York City. (ID Canadr address.\lexanrier Ilamilton Institute, Lttl.. C.P.R. Bldg., ToroDto.) Send rne, rvithout obligntion,tlre neN lmoklct. "\fhat &n Exectttive Sltoulrl Kno$'."Illii ncrs Posi I iorr-------------.--T] Je