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J. A. SISTO & CO.N{ember ofNew York Stock Exchange68 Wall St., New YorkTel.: Hanover 9348INVESTMENTS/--,./Englandl0 Throgmorton AvenueLondon E. C. 2Repr esentatiu es' O fficesSwitzerlandFranceIB Boersenstrasse 15 Rue de la PaixZurichParisBANCO DI SICILIA TRUST COMPANYDIAIN OFFICE487 BROADWAY' (Corner Broome Street)Telephone: CANAL 2360Stuyoesant Branch: lst Avenue and l2th StreetTelephone: STUYVESANT 2840nnoxx nnlucn,I Bl:L,?::::'= $ AilieAr enueBROOKLYN BRANCH:"'u"i.L$:::, 5'tRi\rytil, oAvenueALL BANKING FACILITIESCurrent and Special Accounts, in dollars, lires and other monies, with interestPersonal loans up to $500 payable monthlySteamship and Ticket Service of all Companies; Tourist Service ThroughCompagnia Italiana TurismoUnder the Supervision of the Bank of Sicilv!*'*i,!ATLANTICA,I/ol. IX, N0. 7, Scftember, 1930. Published -Monthlybf,-F. Ca.ssold- Et1t.1'cd os "lccorid-Clo-ss mattet, JanudtJ', 1930, at tltc Post Offceat East Stroudsbur{t, Pa., under the Act of March 3,1879. CoPyright 1930.

ATLANTICA, SEPTEil{tsER. 1930Jointhe Boolc,. of , the'Month CIubnow-while you can getrheFirst BookFREEA special offer-see reolsort for it belowGREAT n-rany people (we know) havebeen on rhe verge of joining the Book-ofthe-MonthClub, but have neglected todo so largely through oversight. This specialofer is made, frankly, to overcome this procrastinationby making it worth r,vhile for you not to delaylonger'. tWe suggest sirnply that yoLr get full inform:rtiouat once about what the Book-of-the-Month Club does{or you, and then decide once for all whether you wanrto join. The mere fact that more than 100,000 judiciousbook-readers already belong to the organization-thatthey represent the elite of the land in every professionand every r,valk of life-that not a single one was inducedto join by a salesman or by personal solicitation,of any kind, but did so after simply reading the factsabout what the Club does for book-readers-all these,are indications that it is worth your while at least to getrhese facts as quickly as possible, and then (if you wantto) join and get your first book free. You assume noobligation in sending the coupon below for full inforrnation.Six distinguishcd foreign authorsnow serve lts an InternationalAdvisory Committecfor the Bouk -of.rhc-MonthClub. The function the individualsin this forcign groupperform is to keep our judgc.advised about what thev considerthe signi6cani newboolcs publishid abroad. eachin his own counrry..The Committeeconsists of:foR ENcLaNo,H. G. \7e1lsandArnold BennerrFoR FRaNcr,Andr6 MauroisFon GeRnaexr ,a.NoAusrRta,Thomas MannandArthur SchnitzlerFoR ScaNDrNevre,Sigrid Llndsetl{+ flF ei {-rH:.rr S:idtl Cenbt tl:ywmd Dororhy Christooh;rC4 iry,n Biouo c,c6clj M".liy\\'illian Allco\[hitcTHE EDITORIAL BOARD OF THE tsOOK.OF,THE,MONTH CLUBlI[-

ATLANTICA, SEPTE\IBER, 1930You've enjoyedthis issue ofATLANTTCA.You wontt wantto miss aThe coming meeting of the Council ofthe League of Nations at Geneva onSeptember 8single forthcorningwill be memorable for tworeasons. First, Briand's scheme f or afederation of European states will beissue.discussed; people will say that it is anencouraging sign that the idea hasreached the stage of discussion, and then,through the probable onslaughts of England,Germany and Itaiy, a1l of whom,openly or secretly, are against it, noSend in your subscriPtion surprise will be caused if it is buriedwith all due obsequies.today or order through At this meeting, too, there rvill be discussionas to the results obtained byyour newsstand.French and I ralian representatives irrtheir efforts to find some kind of solutionfor the grear naval and politicalATLANTICA is on sale atquestionsmore than 100 newsstandsthat have caused a long periodof strain betrveen the tto countries.in New York City. Among These difierences are deep, and no onebut a confirmed optimist can see their solutionin the near future. Yet it will bethem are:sufficient cause for optimism if nationalhatreds and inflamed passions are sufficientlysubjugated to allorv for a diplomatic,and not a military rvay by rvhichBrentano's, I \Vest 47th Street attempts at such a rapprochement can bebrought about. For undoubtedly theTimes Building, Times Square Franco-Italian tension is stil1 (and mal'yet be for some time) the most importantproblem facing Europe todal'.Longacre Building, Times SquareFitzgerald Building, 1482 BroadwayFirst, second and th.ird5th Ave. and 42nd Streetllaces ilt, attIrish race were zaon by Italians recentlyGrand Central Stationwlten T. Nuaolari, G. Cantpari ond .1.V,arzi,, drt;zting AIfa Romeo cors, flasheriProduce Exchange Building, 2 oaer tke finisk line of the Ards circuit ittBloadrvayBelfast and tltereby captured for ltall'(att,d, conclusiruely) the 410-tnile UlstcrStock ExchangeTourist trophy. Each had an oteragest'eed, of oaer 70 m,iles an ltotr f or theEquitable BuildingI.on,g1 distance, and all sorts of rccordszaere b'rohen,.Wotld BuildingWoolworth BuildingBroadway and \Marren Street It is generally well known that themen who really rule a countryWashington Squaredo notBookstore,always do so openly. Because of theirWest Sth Streetfinancial, press, public utility or otheraffiliatrons, these men exert more influencein the shaping of national po1ic1'Adler, 100 West 72nc1 StreetBroadway and 76th Streeton the whole than the legislators.This is what James W. Gerard, formerAmbassador to Germany, meantlg1'y Bros., 2305 Broadwaywhen he named 59 men. later increasedWeisgal, Columbia University, to 64, (including A. P. Giannini) rho he. Broadway & 116thsaid "ruled the United States=l]Naturally, everyone has..'his or,vn privateiist of 'che men who.he thinks"rule" the country. The Nbw York Daili'News, for example, thinks,Al,-Capone,,200 Fi h AvenueBishop Cannon, and Dr. Clai;eftce TrueWilson should be added, and': the f acttr{etropolitan Life I n surance that no educators, statesmen,, clergymer.r,Buildingor scientists appear on the list makes it'Vanni's, 507 W. Broadway;:Seilers, 1224 Amsterdam Avenueil42nd Street and 6th Avenuesomewhat one-sided.It scems somervhat unnecessary topoint out that, theoretically, at 1east, a1ldiscussion on the matter is besides thequestion, for the United States is sup-Atlantica'sposed to be a Democracy, which any dictionarywill define as "government Dythe people through representatives."For tke first time in Italian m,usicalhistory, o 'teornan has been piched to d,irectan important opera house. To succeedlhe Iate Signor Scandiani, SignoraAn.ita Colonfto, who zaas acttae in thepreparation of the Nezu York PhilharmonilscoTtcerts in ltaly, has been appoi"nted,d,irectress of Milais tuorl,d-famousScala Theatre.Anotlter Ettd,tran,ce ContestFrom the PkiladelPhia RecordIn the matter of immigrants' remittancesfrom the United States to theirhome countries, Italy still heads the list,rvith a total recently estimated byGeorge E. Anderson in the New YorkHerald-Tribune at $16,170,000 for the-.gear 1929. This is almost trvice as muchas the nert nearest countr]', Greece, with$25,269,000.Besides the natural decrease in theseremittances due to the restriction of immigration,another change is to be noticed.Beiore the lvar the character ofour immigration s'as largely transient,.composed of those rvho intended to goback to their home countries, and weresending money back as fast as theycould make it. to erovide for the timeufien they could edback and retire. Butnow the restrictivsrguota system hastendqd to prune out the majority of thistype, mak'ng immigration worthwhileonly - for those 'ivh6 i.ntend to stay..tI,I/hen the zuord, "touri^st" is noentioned,.u,e thinh intnediotely of American touristsabroad.. Yet fezl people realize thatthere is Gn orilIl of European touristswho come to this colrntry etery !ear-

ATLANTICA, SEPTE\4BER, 1930ObservatoryI-\-o /t'rs than 9130.000.000 wos spent bysttch to&risls in Anterica last fiar, aicording!o Dr. Julius Klein, the UnitedSiates Secretarg of Comm,erce. trVhilcthis sum does not compare with the$87E ,000,00A spent abroad, in the same7'eor by Americons, it shows that tou,rists'erpend.itures are not all in on,e dite;tion.[1,'here the drought hit the UnitedStates hardestIn spite of the short-sighted tariffpolicy o{ the United States ("WheneverI look across the ocean to see the Americaneagle, all I see is the back side of ancstrich with its head in the ground," saidthe Englishman) big business managcsto keep its head above water.One of the neatest of tariff evasionsis that brought about by the Ford-IsottaFraschini rapprochement. By this agreement,Fords will be matruf actured inIsotta's Italian plant, and Isotta Fraschiniswill pour out from Ford's Detroitplant. To handle the p1an, a nerv $5,-000,000 company is said to have beeniormed in ltaly, 57% owned by IsottaFraschini Company and tlre Banca Commercialeltaliana, and 49/o by Ford.Schemes of this kinrl are mutuallvprofirable to the contracting parties, an,lperhaps if enough of them are broughtabout, the consequent emasculation ofthe tariff may lead to its being tempereddown.It.wcrs tkree decades ago, in 1900, thatI'irtor Emortwel be,atrti'His Moieslt.Kiug Victor Emntattttcl oI Italt.. Hi was30 lears old ot thc titrte. Lost ntottth,t'hrn he observcd ltis 30rh otutiaeisarl'ds ItalJ2s mottarclt vert qrtietlt, he wcsirt a saddened, trtood, the resilll of justhazting sl,ent lhree da1's iu llte eorlltquahearea, zahich deel,ly affected hint.Houeaer, a glrottg aid- 1.0'uthtttl Itrtl,has emerged undounted from lhe rttittsof the catastrophe, attd, reconstrttctionin the afectecl zone is proceeding a,pace,under sci"entific organizati,on. This su.rgittgspirit of Vicror Emmattuel'.r fcoplt.itt the face of adaersity, tnust no'doubthave zyormed his heart. artd m:tioolrdthe effect of the calamitl'.Italy's third triumph in as many yearsin the university Olympic gamei,: heldthis year in .barmsradt, Germany, is animportant indication ot thc greai stridesthat have been taken in recent vears inpromoting Italian interest in' sports.Italy, in competition with ten other nations,made one point more than Germany,who was second, but two and ahalf times as many as Hungary, whocame third, and three times as many asFrance, who came fourth. Italy plicedfirst in fencing, football, tenhij androwing. .and second in swimming.Contributing largely to this riie to suprerya.cyof Italy is the way Italian universitiesare now requiring-of .their students,upon their entrance, some preferencein sports to *'hich thev can -devotcthemselves u hile at collcgr. Thi5 56-called "sporting levy," already practicedin Ame_rica. has bceu effeoivc. -especiallyat Naples l'niversity, which has rvorritse-lf. a prominent place o f latc amorrgItalain universiries.-UncmploT,uttt.tt, on,e of the zuorst cottsequencesof the prcsent ecot,t,ontic d.erline,wlticlt is dec!er attd rttorc worldzuidc .itr.scof e thatt many pcople imagine,Itas bectL drs.lJsed qttile ollctt, iu ollits phases.. Btt! thc loct 'tltat it hasranrscd ct drop itt lhe nutnber of recettttrr.orrioges is ttot gencrally kttozatt..Ir Actr York Citv, durittg tl,e firstsir mottllts oJ 1o30, lhere ueic alnto-st alhottsartd less ntarriaqe /icelsrs isslcdlltott itt !.h_e corrcspondiltg period for lcst1'ear, uith 15,739 this tear. as aoaitt.stto., l0 1or lasi 1'tor. Significant, ioo, isthe fact that during the first kalf of ihis1*ear, only 4,601 couples zaere married, in,tke city ckapel of tke Lfarriage LicenseBureau, u,hereas 6,031 perfornted ttrre actl.las.t year duri"ng the correspond,ing period.It i.t a bad 1'ear, th,is 1930, f oi love'sn,srLal altermath.. In a fcr'r', but significant r,vords, hereis lrnrv rhc Annalist, in a recerrt issue,dcscribcs preserL firrarrcial condiliorrs inItaly :"Imports of the first six months ofthe year totaled 9,528,000,000 lire invalue, as against 11,938,000,000 for thecorresponding perictd oI 7929. Exportsof the first six n.ronths totaled 6,513,000,-000 lire, as against 7,559,000,000 for thefirst halj oI 7929. The balance of foreien'l9J0, tra(le, lhcrefore, January-June,u-as adverse by 3.015,000.000 lire,as against arl a(l\ ersc Lalance of 437a,-0q0,000 lire for the corresponding halfof 1929. The improvement is due to dcclineof u'heat import, in consequeni:eof the 1929 buml.er crop. And now,qo4r€s splendid ncrvs. In contradictionto early indications, it now appears thatthis ycar's wheat crop is not 1ike1y tobe much inferior to las,t vear's."The gold reserve of'the Bank olItaly continues to increase.t'Height overall 24 inchesThis portable, hand forged iron lamp, steelfinish, pewfer cup-arm can be raised orlowered-8-inch vi:llum shade with sportprint, tinted amber,SPECIAL AT $9.50Height overall L6t/z ill.cbesThis haad-forged colonial pewter lamp com.plete with pleated chintz shade eight inchesiq diameter is most attractive for all yearuse and fits particularly well into the sinpirinteriors of summer bomes,SPECTAL AT $4.75BERNA ART SHOP, Inc.43? Madison Ave., New York, N. Y.Berna -II-IIII Art Shop, Inc.,437 Madison Ave., New York CityGentlemen:Enclosed is my remittance for $..... ....for which piease send me. ... . .21 inch lamps @ $9.50... ...16% inch lamps @ 94.75as advertised in ATLANTICA.

aATLANTIC.\ st..t,TE\l BI--R. 1q.30v.* un, The QuicketTo Acguire aCuthred,Education/ M[HerebYOURCplHeIn this SINGLE VOLUME there is offered you in simple language a broad back.ground of cultural knowledge in all fields that is the equivalent of Universitvtraining. Many a man has spent four years in college rvithout gaining half the -practical anrl cultural education this one extraordinary book rvill give-vou.IheWhole Story ofHISTORVpasses before your eyes in a dramaticpageant starting wirlrprimitive man and revealingevery Bpoch up to the presenlday. llt makes you familiarrvith every great figureand event of the pastTheWhoteSto"yofSCIENCEis told and its mysteries so-lved tn athrilling demonstratlon ot, ast-ronomy,biology, chemistrY,-PttYstcs'sex, psychologY' and . every ,llifi'.' "JJi'.1i.""i:."'i".?vir'i"ei Jsimolv told for easY un' ,TlrcWhole Story ofI.ITERATUREto make vott at home with tl'eqreatest writers and the greatest:..^-r..;-.tl itorks in all rhc the u'nrld world of lettersfrom the Egyplian hieroglYPhsto tbeio -ievtal novels of Dreiqer an-dtbe romance ofliterary historY.Endorsed by Authorities'A darine and brilliant panorama ofthe march-of man." II othhan.i'The scientific and -Edzurd prchistoric portioasarc both accurate and inter€ting, €*oressed in an exceotionally clear style."'-11 2vva Fairfi eld OsbornIn ThrillingStoryFormthisOneVolumeCorrers AlLCrr,ltu.ralKnowledgeYou can never know how completely fascinating is thestorv of man's knowledge until you tead TLLe Outline ofMai',fs Knouledge by Cldment Wood. In a narralive styleaiirippi"g "tity-.oto"tce,each of -themain branchesoi it6itt"-ag" is presented in a sparkling storv that iswonderfullf entertaining and easy to remember'SIK Ou.tlines in ONE VolumeSections covering History, Science, Literature,. Art, . Reli-giot1;;;";;;rr;;t;:-''e-lii-.""aou. range of knowledge, .vet each ort[..i* i"tii".1 is thorough and complete' -Ea-ch--section.presents;b-; ;;:'";;';i-; io*i.ii-"clt.g" couree in-its fie1d, and tbe whole;;;k ";iJ; ;- lib;;;'a iducation througb -a few minutes of . readins;;iG-it. easiest, the most effective. the most lasting' thc mosti"rc''estine method of self-edrrcation'- i-iiiw -t iiu 'eifirer ierum the book or remlt $5.-50 8s^ Davment ira pei cent diseount ror cash with order. Samo FtuB Ii$fuI-.fIIName ....I louu"*,I ....'.....sttte.-....'.. II "rr"..,.......''-" '''if outside continmrsl U. S.' smd 15.50 with orderKoowledge thatmeans real educationallorganized - in esingle volum+may now beyour8,' - derstandins. ,aWillYor,r.Read ItAt Our ExpenseAnd Jud$e foiYourself ?ThclfholeStoryofFerhaps it is hartl for you to believe that the cream of theworldk knowlcdge can be yours in a single volune. You mustse thc book loi yourself. And because we know thaf, the read'ine of a few pages will convince you, we want to place tlevoiume in youi hands, vithout obligation or expense to you'for e week'i iree trial. Within seven days, either return it andowe nothing or remit thC small price shown in the coupon'Send for it nowMAIL TIIIS COUPON TODAYlrr I - r I I r r r r r t I I r r ILEWIS COPELAND COMPANY, De!t' ll7I ll9 Wst 57th St., New York CitY r.F,F#"I,'S*"fl i,fi "f"-95,!iil*',3fl f#f^"fl BKFS#'JrTheWhole $toryofARTis revcaled atrd You come to know'ti. gtJt."t artists of. all time.andtheir finest works-rn Palntlng'sculpture, music, dancing.- ar'chitecture. etc. A completeand delightful readingcourse il the arts.The'[tholeStoryRELIOTONA dramatic romance tracing religionlrom its primitive beginnings,through its strange evolutioninto -lhe thc many manv failhs faiths of mankind,and revealing the personalitiesback of all the\'"'1T:;;,iln"." ^"-";;.'";lPHILOSOPIfITNo longer -forbiddenand mysteriousground, tor you now learn therol rel . ,muning .muning of - "pdiri.,iprianc _ _philosophytoliow in a sparkling storythe lrves 4nd teachines oftlethinkers who have\ influenced the life of uPraisd by thc Press"A UnirBity in itself." -PittsbarghSurTelegraPh."The ONE book to red and know."-Philadellhic Pttblic Ledgs."An ariwing store of in{omation,"-Nm York Sul,il1.,

ATI,ANTIT,AThe ltalian Monthlv ReviervFounded in 1923CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER, I93OArI,elrrrce's0nsnnv.c.rony.... 2lVlonn Pownn ro I:rery! Trrnoucrr Hrono-ErscrRrc DsvEroplrENr.Dominick Lamonica 7Laucuecr ewn P,LrnrotrsM .. ....Dr. Vittorio M.ncada 12Tnn Tnupms or Ross-Lnss P.nnsrunr ... ..Geraldine p. Dilla 14Arnrcen ScurpruRp..William J. Wilders lBA Douerr AppnnNrrcnsHlp ro Anr .. .Joseph Magliozzi 21Llrr,rreny OpnRlrroNs oN TrrE lrerr.c.t{ FnoNr rw l9l8-plnr IIMajor Edgar Erskine llume 23Arnss.l.Nono Srnerrnrrl, a story-Part II .Iioors eNo AursoRs . . ..t'Hs ElnrHeu.A.KE RneioNBusrxnss CycrnsF-tolr Oun ReeosRsCoNcpnrvrnc Coloxnr Vrco .Irrn Irarreus rN THE UNrrnu Srerss...Carter W. Blair Zg34J/3B394I43Dr. F. Cassola, _Ed]191 & Publisher; Dominick Lamo.nica, Managing Editor; Edmund I. Leeds, Jr., Advertis.i-ng Manager. Published monthly. Annual submription $3.50. Single iopy 35c. Editorial -"ria C.rmtOfiices,-33 West 70th Street, New,York City. Telephone Indicott 8664. iripyright lg31. AIt *a*uscripisshould be-tlpeurittm, accompmied with reharn Postage axd aild.ressed, to thi Editor. No responsibility-isassumed for unsolicited manuscripts.C opyright 1930. N o article or story in this magazine can be reprinted zwholly or in lart withoutspccial permis.eion.

GEORGE EASTMANTh,e $1,000,000 d,ental clinic donated. by George Eastutan, milli,onaireKodak king, to tke ltalian Governtnent, to be erected in Ront,e,has passed an iwportant stage. Fi,nal plans f or its construction havebeen approved,, and, on the 28th. of October of this year it w,ill heformally inawgurated.II11\

MoPe Pow eP tr lt. l,JIThnorqh l--l,rJn" - Elecfpic Dnunlop*enfB9 Do-inicL Lo,r',onicoHERtr is a song whichthe Italians sing rvithqreat feeling and gusto.T-, this song'-('Ai nostri monli" r To our mountains)-therei,. er-en more than the ordinaryItrriirrn feeling attached, for,-.-ite unknorvn to the innocent> -.nrster', the phrase has comet,-, stand for the industrial re-:eneration of ltaly.It is to her mountains thatItah- is now turning for the iniustriallynecessary motivetl-r\rer which wili enable her toiake her place among the greatllo\rers. One by one, overcominlclifficulty after difficulty, ther.rater power of the mightyAlps and the Apennines is beingharnessed, ancl these giants,''f the earth are turning then-heels of Italy's humming inrhstries,are driving her railroads,and illuminating her incomparablebeauties at night.-Waterfalls, glaciers, streams,urountain torrents, lakes ath i gh altitudes, tremendousrluantities of water diverteclfrom their originai sources anilgathered behind colossal dams-fromall these is Italy extractingthe hydro-electricpower which has norv becomenecessary to her industrial life.Ital,v, a country industriallybehind rnany of the great powers,has performed the astonishingmiracle of forging to thefront of the hydro-electric industry,a field in which she hasbeen unrluestionably a pioneer.To understand Italy and itspresent-clay struggle to achievegreatness by sheer n'ill andI'ascism, one must notice firstthe simple fact that the amountof coal produced in Italy annualiyis less than one tenth ofher annual fuel needs. Thismeans that in this respeci Italyis at the mercy of her neigirbors,especially Englancl andGermany, from r'vhom she importsmost of her coai.Now it is an axiom of themodern industrial life that twofactors are necessary to the industrializationof any countrv.Briefly, these are the presencein the country of Fuel and Rawmaterials. If only one of thesefactors is lacking, it can be imported,to be used in conjunctionwith the other. Thus Englancl,with plenty of coal andiron, imports its raw materialsfrom its colonies and elsewhere,and turns out the finishedproduct from its ownshores. And China, rvith herimmense coal and iron reservesstill comparatively undeveloped,is nor'v importing machineryand skilled labor totake advantage of her rich naturalresources.COAL IS LACKINGDUT the fnndamental fact inI-D 1121t '* r'egeneration i sthat she has neither of thesetwo items working for her. Sheis poor in coal, iron and wood.By a whim of Nature Italy isalmost the onl;. large nationJacking fossil and liquid combustiblesof any importance.Her actual reserves (and presumable)of anthracite andlignite do not equal in calorificvalue the production of coal ofa single year in the llnitedStates.fn the past Italy has been anagricuitural country. In 1861,62% of the population was engagedin agriculture. Now themovement toward industrializationis shorvn by the fact thatthis percentage h.as been reducedto 52%. Italians arecoming to realize that theircountry's high percentage ofrocky, mountainous territory,r,vhich is either unproductiveor of a lorv procluctive value,is a handicap that cannot beoverconre. The territory mustbe set to other uses.f TALY, it can easiLy be seen,I is not trying io keep dowrrher population, strength inwhich she regards as necessaryto the greatness she has set asher goal. Ifer solution is inthe accommodating of this surpluspopulation.Now a country that can developflourishing industries cansupport a population two orthree times as great as a countr;'s1 equal size which is purelyagricultural. Industrial expansionis therefore a naturalmeans of solving a great demographicproblem of overpopulation.England resorted to itcenturies ago, as well as othercountries, but in Italy it hasbeen delayed up to recently bya lack of adequate financial resources.

8Arrd nox. "white coal" stepsforward as Ital1.'s charnpion.'Iurning " to her rnountains, "Ttaly htrs discovered the substitutefor the coal and petroleurnsnpplies she lacks, antl whichare essential to this program ofinclustrializatiorr u'hich she hasmappecl out for herself as thewa"v out for her great problemof overpopulation.f T,\ L Y todav lra s o,1ys 1lger II the utilization of electricalenergy fron water po\ver molethan anr, other country in Europe.She is second onl-v to thetlnited States and Carrada inthe matter of installed hydroelectricpower, l'ith 3,500,000,-000 kilowatts :rt the beginningof 1930.Italians hnve rerrson to bc'proud of the cliscoveries oftheir electrical experts, such asGalileo Ferraris and Pacinotti,the courtrge and enterprise ofnllmerous Italiari nianufactur.-ers and engineers, ancl the intelligenceand industry of theskilled r,vorkers who macle electricalequipment on a largescale possible. Count \.olpi,one-tirne Italian Minister ofFinance, \\'as justified in astatement he made regardingit iu a speech tleiivered in Yeniceon l'ebruan- 7, 1927. ( )nthat dav he saicl :"In this branch of industrialeritleavor (hydro - electricit-1-)\Ye are now acknorvle

-\al,les draws a large part ofit. electlical power.The important engineeringieat l-hich has lifted h,vrlroelectricactivity in Itall into atia,.s l.iv itself is the wa-l theEreatest variables in suppl.varicl ciemand irave been made tocr&ncpl or etlualize each otherin great part.Tiie water Ilow fronr the\l1ts, for example, is ample,t-hen calculatecl in annual totals,to operate man.r' u)orelrlants than have been built,l,ut this water cornes down for'the rnost part cluring the sumr)]er.In the winter the Alpinestreams are icebound, and thetlow is not sufficient to turn thtturbines nou' available. fn the-\pennines the situatiori is exactlyreversed. The hear',-v flowis irr the winter during therainy months, while in the drvsummer the mn-off is negligible.This iras led to great mergersof hydro-electric plants anclthe companies back of them,arid this movement has beenencourage(l b_r- the Governnent,u-hich realizes that it is the bestsolution of the problem of variabilityof snpply. Power lineszlre now hooked up in greatnetworks so that the summer-.urplus of the ,\lps can be clistributedthroughout the Apenrtineregions during ttreir tlrvseason, and the Apennines cansupplv the Alpine distributingsr-stem rluling the colderrnonths.T T XIUST rrot l,e tlrorrglrtI that Italv's coal bill rvill Lrt,eiiminateci in the nea,r future.That is an impossibilitv, for ahlclro-electric station m u s thar.e a coal steam station asauxiliarl'', to produce electricalenerg). when water power is toolorv. At least 20% t>f ltaly'spresent electrie po\\,er is obtainedfrorn steam, while 80%is generated by rvater power.In the L'lrrited States this ratioX,,IORE I'OWER TO ITA].\'is one-third u,ateL po\rel' totwo-thircls steam.Italy's coal recluirementshar.'e riot fallen below the pren-arlel'el; there is er.en a tc.udenc5,'for them to increase, inspite of the rernarkable developmentof h-r-ch'aulic po\\rer,with the erection of additionalsteam-porver stations, the heavierrailwa;- traffic, the growinguse of gas, anrl the general developmentof productive activities.Yet u.itirout the presenthydro - electric clevelopment,Italy woulcl tocla;' be payingfor more tharr 7,500,000 tons ofcoal annuall,v, ancl it would nothave the $8,000,000,000 whiclrhas been addecl to her nationalwealth in the last 10 )'ears.CENTRALIZATION'f- lf hJ great terrrlenc; irr ltalI iarr ln'dro-elecl ric tleveloprrrcrrtlras l)ecn t()warrI greaterand more powerful stations.Though small stations still exist,favored bv geographic.alancl dernograpirical conditionsand local needs, the movementhas been fol some tinte towarrlg,^reat central stations, capableof turning out energv at a lowt-lr'unit cost, u.hich can be carriet'laln,ost anyrvhere throughoutItalv over the intricate rretworkof high-tension transmissionlines that have been der.elopeclfor tire purpose.This is brought out grzrphicallvbv the foliorving figures,rvhich liolcl good for tire beginuingof the -1'ear' 1929. In thistabulation, all the hr-clro-electricgenerating stations are dir.itleclinto three classes, Group1, cornposed of stations of uncler1000 kilowatts of installedpo\ver, Group 2, stations between1001 antl 10,000 kilowatts,ancl Group 3, ai1 thoseabove 10,000 kilorvatts.Nunbo of llelcenttrgc ofPercentage oferouD stations total numl)er I'ower total powcr1 850 73% -500,000 krn'. 15%2 209 18% 839,000 kw. 26%3 71 7% 1,867,000 krv. 59%As for the part each districtplavs irr producing hvdro-elec-tric energ)-, there is arr importantpoint to adcl. llhroughoutthe valley. of the Po, tht:rivers are broad and theilspec'd moderate, but to the westand the east of the Apenninesthe water courses are more inthe nertnre of torrents tlian rir--L'r's. In Pieclmont, Lornbartlra n 11 \'eu.etia huge electricwolks irave been erected, geueratingthonsands of horsepo\rer,n'hereas in the rest ofItall', generall.v speaking, moderatesizc'cl plants are the rule.This explains the developrnentof h1'dro-electric activitrin ltall', anrl indirectly that ofItaliarr industr--v as a whole.u'ltich has prosperecl in theNorth while the South has rernairredIargely agricultural.and poorer. This phellomenoriled in the South to an exodnsof the rural population, drir.euby poverty to seek better pairlx'ork in Arnerica, which in turnaggrar,ated the agriculturalconditions in that part of Italv.irindering the introduction ofimprovcd metirods of farming.The onl.v* solution for this stateof affairs is the gradual electrificationof that sectiorr of thecountrv rvith cheap powex.n'hich is ah'eatly being attemptetl.-f- HE pt,r'cerrtagt uf Irltllo-I electric production lrv tlistrictsat the begiuning of the)'ear 1929 was as follows :Nortlrerrr ltaly i5%; CentraiItaly 13%; Souttrern ltal_v 9ft rtlre Islands 3%.A glance at thc uses tu rvhichthis porr'er has been put, ancl inrvhat inclustlies, is u-qeful" Themetallurgical antl chernical inciustries,which receiverl a greatimpetus during arrcl after tlielrar a,ncl norv constitute two ofItalr-'s foremost inclustries, arelarge nsers of hydro-electricpo\rer. The Montecatini works,Italv's erezrtest chemical concern,in rvhich ^\merican iIir-estorshave put their confitlenceand in il'hich they atre e-c-(l

IUATLANTICA, StrPTtrT,IBER, 1930pecially interested, alone recluiresmore than 1,000,000,000kilowatt hours annually in itsvarious plants throughout thepeninsula.The distribution of electricpon'er in Italy is characterizedby the fact that, unlike I'rancc,Germany and Eng1and, whereit is used mainly for lightingpurposes, in Italy it is requiredmainly for motor power. Thedistribution of total consumlltion,approximately, is as follows,as of 1926.Lighting ......... 9%Traction (rail ancl tramrvays) .... 8%Electrochemistry ancl met:rllurg1" . . 11%Tcxtilc tratlcs . .... "... .. 12Vo\dilling .. 8%Food industries .... 8%Ntlining industries 8%\tIetallurgy 9%Enginecring ..... 13%N{iscelianeous ... 20%These inclustries in 1929 accountedfor the consumption of10,700,000,000 kilowatt hours,almost three times the 4,000,-000,000 recluired in 1920. Thetremendous jump in ltaly'sneeds is here glaringly apparent.In c,omparing hydro-electricenerg.Y as a source of motorpower with coal, petroleum anilother fuel oils, undoubtedly itwill he found that hydro-electricallydeveloped energy ismore expensirre than that derivedfrom coal. The costs offinancing have been the chiefhandicaps to Italy's water powerdevelopment, and, not beingoverly rich, she has had to borrowlarge sums from abroad,notabl"v the lJnited States, tocarry on the work. The largeamount of money required toerect storage reservoirs, dams,and headworks, as well as forthe installation of generatingstations sufficiently large foreconomical operation, not tomention the enormous cost ofconstructing and maintaininghigh-tension transmission linesand sub-stations, act as astrong deterrent to the morerapid growth of power generationb;' hydro-eiectric plants.Yet Italy is making her h-r'-clro-electric power investmentpay, and she is doing it not byshifting the cost on to the government,but by making it areally profitable unclertaking,which gives power service at a]ower {igure than can be obtainedelsewhere. That hydroelectricenergy is efficientlyproduced in ltaly is attested bythe fact that, calculated on a.qoocl basis, its price has beenfor -years lower than in anyother countr-v.The trdison General Italiantrlectric Company of Xfilan,foundecl in 188.4, constitutes thelargest combination of hydroelectricinterests in Italv, producing30% of the totai Italianoutput. For the year 1929 itreported g'ross earnings of297,537,391lire as against 249,-038,051 lire in 1928, and 208,-512,873 tn 7927. Certainly thisis encouraging for tlie operatorsI not onl;' is ltaly's "whitecoal" hope materializing, butit is doing so in greater quantitiesthan eYer ever.l. year.GREAT MERGERSOne aspect of Ure hydroelectricinclustry in Italy thatis important is the way it hasarvakened the country to theneed of amalgamations andmergers to eliminate sma1lwastes ancl integrate industry.Thus the Italian Edison (mentionedabove) which in 1926 absorbedthe Conti, in 1928 incorporatedthree more northernpeninsular companies, forminga combine with a total capitaiof 237,000,000 lire. This Edisongroup of companies is nowthe great co-ordinating forcein the industry. Allied with it,the three companies which itannexed in 1928 (each of whichcontrols several smaller companies)are the S. I. P. (SocietaIdroelettrica Piemonte),the Adamello group and theAdriatic group, rvhich is activein Venetia and supplies electricityas far south as Bologna.tI- Htr inleqrated eharacter-f of the industrl', rvi1lL itsneeds of central coai and water,mahes its present organizationnecessary, based as it is on regionalinterdependence, andgirres rise to financial, technicaland operating problems ofextreme complexit;-. Isolatedplants are no Jonger justifiable,but must folm into gloupsand be part of more irnportantorganisrns, which comb inetechnical management withfinancial control. Thus tliewhoie organization has gradlLaliycentered in a few hands,and this has become one of thecountry's mo s t importanteconomic manifestations.trYithout American capital,which has been drawn upon inthe form of loans rvith regularityand frequency, t h eftalian hydro-electric industrywould not and could not be atits present sta.qe. The servicesof such American banhinghouses as J. P. IIorgan, theNational City Companl andthe International P owerSecurities Corporation havebeen essential.According to C. Mathews,clerk to the commercial attach6at Rome, about four billionlire of new capital was isslLedin ltaiy during the first sixmonths in 1929. In 1928capital issues for the correspondingsix months totaled2,409,542,102 lire, and for 1927it amounted to 1,582,519,814lire. Of the new capital issuesfor the first six months of 1929electrical u n d e r t ak i n g saccounted for 960,000,000 lire,the largest single absorptionof capital by one industry, andalmost twice as much as thebanks, l'ithnext nearest533,000,000 lire. - It is almostone quarter of the entire sumof four billion.The whole Italian electricalindustry has been stimulatedby the importation of about$5,000,000,000 lire in American

1dLtnMORE PO\VER TO ITALY11''.trdeLitll:.'.r,ltal, accoriling to a reportr r':lrRrecl for the International!',-'Ts1 Securities Corporation' ' the trdison General Italianl e,:tlic Company of Milan.lr-is American investmentt'+1-,resents half of the totalr':r:secl for the industry sincel.'lL ancl is nearly one-thircl of:r-e total investment of aboutl;.{,100,000,000 }ire in the inl'-is trr-.LEGISLATIVE AIDq l\CE 19li the govonl-'-) nrent has takerr an activerrterest in the progress andrrpansion of the hydro-electricinclustry, for the fundamentaltheory guiding its participationand regulation is that allthe hydro-electlic sites arepart of the public domain andwill in time revelt to theg'oYernment from the privatecompanies that are now operatingthem under lease, so tospeak. This intervention ofthe government has 1ed to as erie s o f administrativemeasures which fall into fourgroups:(a) Measures to facilitatethe establishment of newsources of electricai supply, tointensify production, to establishnelv distribution lines, andto subsidize new plants.(b) Measures regulatinglighting, reducing consumption,and rationing the supplyof power.(c) Fiscal measures dealingwith the taxation of electricpower.(d) Measures fixing ratesand the sale price of power.One of the most importantmeasures concerning thehJ'dro-electric industr5' is thatenacted by the thr:n Minister ofPublic Work, Sig. Bonomi,and which was later called theDecree of Oct. 9, 1919. Itsprinciples are as follolvs :(a) Almost all rivers areconsidered as belonging to thepublic domain.(b) In granting concessionsthe best total use of the watermust be the goal aimecl at.(c) A11 concessions a r etemporary, and on their terminationthe State enters intopossession of the hydraulicplants with the right of preemptionon the electric plantsconnected therewith.(d) Important derivationworks and electric transmis.sion lines are consiclered. aspublic works which may becarried out by expropriationfor the public utility.(e) A Superior Council onRivers (Board of IV a t e r-works) and a Court of WatertrYorks are established.It can be seen by the abovethat the State has no smallpart in hydro-elcctric development,which it supplements bygranting a subsidy of 80 lireper kilorvatt of installeil powerfor a period of fifteen years.It consists basically in the factthat the State reserves for itselfthe right to take over theplant upon the expiration ofthe concession. The State, inother words, is working foritself through the medium oflessees.THE AESTHETIC ANGLEIt is a far cr,v from hyclroelectricenergJ, conduits, turbinesancl kilowatts to theabstract ideal of beauty ofshape anii form, governed bypurpose. Yet, for our purpose,they are reaiiy close to eachother. For the Italians havecome to the point where thehyclro-electric stations thatgenerate their light, heat andpower must not only beefficient, they must also bebeautiful, or at least, inoffensiveto the eye. In the ear1Yilays of hydro-electric develoPmentcriticism \i'a s justJYlevelled at the inaestheticnature of th.ese plants. But inrecent years, especiallY inItaly and Switzerland, moreattcntion has been paid to thearchitectural possibilities ofthe structures.T T HAS been realized thatI tL.." are more or lesspermanent fixtures, and theItatian love of beauty, so oftenreferred to, probablY could notbear to have to look at uglY,biack, spindling plants. InSwitzerland they have gone tothe extent of passing a lawmaking it a species of crime toerect a structure in the midstof the marvels of scenerY thatare the Alps unless it does notoffend the eye, but blends incolor and form with its surroundingsof a more naturalkincl, as much as is humanlYpossible.At present the hYdro-electricstations usuallY stand at thefoot of a mountain overlookingthe plains, or in a beautiful settingof solid rock at the mouthof a narrow gorge, and not onlYrvolLld it be sinning againstaesthetics to mar the landscaPewith ugly and unsightlY buildings,but-and PerhaPS moreimportant in the X'ascisteconomic ltalY of todaY-itmight spoil the tourist trade,and. that is a verY grave coneernindeed.

Lonquoqe .nJ P.tniotismBv Dn. Viltonio Mon.oJoAsro.iole Dnof.r.o" of [io-or." Lonqrog.r, Brllen U"iuen"tlqf N 'l'HE Marclr rruruber ofI ArlaNrrc,,r the Horr. Ciarl,lantini wrote an article on" The Italian Language in the[Inited States" inrvhich he took deiightfulpleasure in riciiculingthe language spokenby the Italians ofAmerica.It was an easv targetancl Oiarlantiniseemecl extremel-vamused at the distortionsthat our languagesuffers in itsstruggle for supremac)-sun'ival, better-'_ against - the Englishlanguage.if he article as irll,hole n'as the result ofobsenrations antl irnpressions,but thereica speak the same diau,erealso man) admonitionsand exhortations for a strongrlefense of the puritv of ourlanguage.Lacking explanatiols forsuch contlitions as the5. u'eredeploreil by Oiarlantini, thearticle caused an answer in theM*-v number of Arr-enrrc,rthrough the pen of GiuseppcCautela, a rellresentative of thtrnewer generation of Italo-Americarr writers, as tire editorial note indicated.fn his article ''DeplorableHeritage " Cautela expresseclhis reseritment that Ciarlantinihacl criticized the condition ofour language in America l.ithouttaking into consiclerationits original causes, namell, thetraged,v of emigration itself.Now Mr. Ciarlantini writesagain in the Julv number ofour magazine, this time on" Italian in American Schools. "Allow me to quote the conclu-'f-he r:ontrouers!,1 ouer the ltali,an longuuqe inAmer'icct,, br:,gun seuera,l i,ssuas ago iu, ATLAN-'f ICA, continues u[)&(:e. Th,i,s ti,nt,e Dr. I'ittorioXIonca,rla, Assoc'ia,te Professor of RornartceLo,nguages at Butler Uniuersr.ty, e.rpresses hist,tell1s on thr: subject, say'ing that lto,li,an sh,ouldLte m,arle a suttjec,t of study not only on the. partof ItaLo-Atn,r:t icans ltut also Ant,r:,ricans.Dr. I[oncacla, graduated, 'in ytolitical, sr'ienceonrl econom,ics at Gen,oa in 7922, catne to Am,erir:athr:, fol,l,o'**ing yea,r ancl obta,inecl a ilIasterof Arts itt Latin lanrluaaes from, Colu'mbia.Srnce 7925 h,r: h,as ta,u,ght at Rice Insti,tu,te,f[ o u,,g t o n, 1' e r a s I D en'i s o n U ni,u e r s r,t y, G r an'"- i,ll e,Ohio; ctnd, ttotL, crt Butk'r f-fni'uersittJ, Indianupoli,s,Ind,i,ancr,.sive paragraph of Ciarlantini'sarticle: "ff the awakeningof patriotic sentiment in theItalians resident in the UnitedStates does not bring themtheir own treatment for tire diffusionof our languag'e, ancl inrroh'esome sacrifices, even pecuniar1.,irr orcler that it ma1'become at least the subsidiarrlanguageof all the sons of ltaliansin this countr-v, every cleclamationof Italianitv rvill be,besiiles useless, ridicu]ous. "\Voultl Goc.l grant that aliItalian parents in the IiniterlStates who claim to be arclentpatriots decided to impose upontheir chilclren the studr. ofthe Italian language in order'to esc,ape Ciarlantini's accnsationof ridicrilousness !It seems to rne that notiring'l2pieases our fellow countl5-nrenat home u'hen they obserYe, 0rlan occasional visit to this countr'.r',the ulanner in which theftalo-Americans e x -press their patriotism.fs there a stantlardix'rl\\,a)r in rvhich eYer.\-Italian should expresshis Italianity? Is it theItalian language? Ifso, horn- can one belrlarrrerl it' lre does trutknorv thi-* Ianguage I.\ r'c the people o ISparanise, Bronte,Roceacannuccia, G e -noa and Naples betterpatriots than the ltaliansfrorn those placeswho emigrated toAmerica? ?he majoi'-itr. of Italians in Amel-lect of their native towns. trtseerns that speaking the dialectat Sparanise, Bronte, Roccacannuccia,Genoa ancl Naplesu'oulcl not be considered a sinagainst patriotism, while it appearsto be a sign ot' ridiculouspatriotism r']ren the same dialectis spoken in America.It is a great biessing thatthe rnajoritr of Italians abroarlalways feel a bulning iove forItalv, in spite of the wide varietyof rlialects with whichthel- express their ltaiianitr'.The dialect is the only thingthe-v receir.ecl from their natir-elan.l. tr{ost of them, if not allof thenr, neYer went to school,ancl even if the5- did, the tragecl-vof emigratiorr and the hanttoil for a piece of bread aregoorl reas'ons for anyonets not

t-.trtl-,Su.Jl_(atrd':r1'd_ch:.r13\'eallo1,rg-Lrrltrelot*-:t :alefni anrl perfect in hisr-" -hking: of Italialit"v, \\re. : tr,r remembet' that 1ve:' - i the Gennans in our Tr'-i+alrr Italiarr not ltecause:t rlke Gerrnan, but he-, .-. iLet- \1'e1'e Spreading an:--i::.liari itropaganclir. !'or'-r ,t* .; tol Ttalr-, this is not';:>e \rlth all ltaio-Ameri-' - ;l-rrr,r rlo not know and, con-' - ,:l,iir-. cann6t speak tht'- rrt- larrVnage.-l- HE argrrrrrerrt llrat \reI -!,,rrl,i-firsl of all-ask. '"','ilng lnen and \rouurg wo-:ri rrf Italian origi' to takci.-alian .qeenis' to me somg-- :;t $-€&k. F{as Italian \raluelc)r this srnali group of- : -\rnerican people ? If so,-.rr. 1ie siroriitl assutne that--r:rrisit is taught in Italy onlr'r :le benefit of the children. Blitisli ancl American con-- -: ar].l tourists. The conl-' r -solr mav seem paracloxicai,- it is verl sound. Adr-o-.:,lLng the teaching of our lan-- ese for the benefit of the-- lren of Italians irr Amer.i-. might cause among Ameri-,.rL,rtuclents the impressiorr' iit only those of Italian de-' -rrt should lte interested irr the-i,r'l)- of our language. l{ore-:'-r'. it would mean taking careI lre first generation onl,v, forwe-,'.'hetherlike to admit it. rrrrt-with the second gener-,ti,,r1 lf becomes quite difficult- ilace the nationalitv of our-:rtilelltS.Immigration restrictions are.lping prodigiouslv in the:r :iralgamation process of thereign element already here.:nlian colonies were strong--.1 in the period of greatest imr.gration.The-v are alreadyt*inning to 'weaken for lack'i fresh blood from Italy.It is my firm belief that we-ir,rulcl particularlv be con-:,:r'ned with the growth of the-luclr of lta.lian in Ameriean[-ANGUAGL, AND PAT}TIO'fISIIsclrools, ind,epe'ndentl11 ofl thefact that there are rnanv ltaliansor Italo-,\mericaris whoshouici stuclr- it. It is our tlutvto prepare for the future ofour language in the curriculurnof ,\merican institutions oflearrting.\Ve har,'e beeri convinceci tosatietr--shouicl I say to nausea?-that ltalo-Anrericaris ingeneral are rrot interesteci inthe stud,v of Italian. Let meillustrate this staternerrt witlran episode worthv of merntion.The son of an Italian consulrvas attending the tniversitv inx-hich I hacl the honor of teacLingour languag'e. This r-oungrnan rrot only clici not sturlr- Italian,but neither dit-l lie zrpploach rne to tell rne thtrt hervas the son of the local consul.\Yhen the consul and I {irst met,I expressed m"v regret at nothaving even seen his son, an

Thn -[nmpln, tf litre- Ln*P.nrtumBe Cn"olJrnn D. Dill"A.sociole D"ofo..on of Fitn A"lr, Holli.. Collnq., VinginioAWNY with yellonplantsand thistles,burned with the Augustsun, Iies the wide plain thatsurrounds thetemples of Paestumin granddesolation o nthe Gulf of Salerno.The summerseason isthe most fittingtime of year tovisit Paestumand to feel thesingular profoundfascinationof thesemonuments andof the desertaround. them. From theirsolitude and silence the hundredfifty columns of thesetemples seem to emerge likebare stalks of stone whosesculpture-flowers have beenriasted and withered bY agesof winds and suns, or Pluckedby despoiling aclmirers centuriesago. As Alberto CaPpeliettionce wrote in an ltalianpaper, on this almost uninhaliitedlandscaPe in whosehackgiound shines the steadYluminous line of the sea, theseGreek columns in harmoniousaccord seem to multiPlY themselves'likea f,orest, to fill thehorizon of the Picture as wellas of our thought. For thisfbrestjof fluted stone betweenthe' 'mountains and the s€alead.s our fantasY to the expansesof the bh-Le heavens,and stirs in us long silent memoriesas well as dreams.Two thousand ,vears ago theOne of tke rui'ns at PaestumL4city of Paestum was beautifuland rich, alive with merchantsand full of joyous 1ife. Its distinctionwas its perfumed girdle-anendless expanse ofmeadows of roses borcleringthe sea. This level radiant expanseof white, pink, and redflowers spread the fragranceof their keen pollen on the winduntil it sweetened. the redolentsalt waves on one side andsoftened the slopes of the clearmolLntains on the other. Suchwas the highest pride of Paestum-thatit had made itselfthe happy and generous clispenserof roses even to distantcities for weddings, banquetsand funerals.Spreading over the wal}s,the houses and the temples,this florai splend"or of roses becamefamous afar ancl excitedthe imaginations of lovers andpoets. Propertius, who hadseen the roses of Paestumdroop in thefierce northwind, used tobe saddened bythe, remembrance.ToNlartial theseroses used tosuggest theparagon bestaclapted topraise the colorof lips. Virgiihoped to b eable to celebratethe gardenerswho cultivated Paestum'sroses so marvellouslywe1l. Ausonius "rvatched therosebuds that luxuriate onPaestum's we1l-tilied soil, alldewS' 11 the rig'ht of the risingdarvn-star. " Et'en Tasso inthe sixteenth century alludeclto them; and a traveler lessthan a hr:rndred fifty years agodescribed small danrask rosesshooting up amids,trthe ruinsand florvering both,'in springand autumn as Yirgil had describedthem.THE CITY OF NEPTUNEThis rose-girdlecl City ofl{eptune was the.rPoseidoniafounded in the sixth ;centrirybefore Christ. Itrwas one ofthe splendors of Magna Graeciawith its many Greiek colo-

Itt-lI)T)e0et0rfiieo,r-e-ly1etnr11rgined]SSgoiesinsmgde-Eof,niaurylofraeolo-THEi';ilt about the same time," ire's new town Neapolis,t 1,. now the modern Na--r=s tiran sixty miles-rest up this loveliest:r- co&St. But its historyr ,:r:n far different from'f \aples; this Greek-:-,nia had its name Lat-. t,:' Paestum rvhen it came:r e ]runds of tire frucan-'.: ii.,,-o centuries later; and- --: B.C. it was taken by the-. :rLS. It was at this time,. I -i."ter that it was so notecl: : ,;s flowers, especially ther ::-i. llartial spoke of send-: -;i,,rlsfs and privet to Pae-:r .-- iiS an Englishman toclay:. :;kS of carrying coals to-- * .it:i."Stle.NOW IN RUINSp --T the centuries brouglrtD -. r'avages of malaria to.-1'r its depopulation, and..--, n-s1ss, the devastation and'. :r,,ieling of the Saracens,--,: \ormans, and the Lom-.":,'L-., In 871 A.D. the city;.;: ,,iestroyed by the Saracens., - ,rre eleventh century, Rob-:-i Liuiscard carried all its" -'ialrle scuiptures off to Sal-:-r i. There and at Ravello, .i Amalfi, the Christian- ;ithes are ornamented still,,-i- shafts of green marble,:- : sculptures stolen from:.' t,'tltm. Itaf Off in a hUn-, r -,1 museums and collectionsr rilt are aclmired its great,, >iris of fountains in por---. r]- and granite, beautiful: , -r's and bright vases of HeIl------'graCe..!s if all that \\rere not:r-, ,iilll, there came the work. - the climate to reduce Pae-: - .rr to a cemetery of stones-:i'.tter€d here and there,:i',.rnps of columns, broken,'.1''ita1s, miserable ruins ofr,:."ils and streets. Nothing to--:i'"-. 1grnai.s of those magnif-- 'eut rose gardens; in theirr iace wretched buttercupss:raggle with wild thistles. Onirre immense parched plain,TEMPLES OF ROSE-L-trSS PAESTUX,{only the temples arise from afew maimed vestiges of thetheater and the circus and theclosely set foundations ofhouses within the circle of thecity walls. But the Greek templesdo arise today; theY areleft to us and they surPass allother Greek temples in noblesimplicity and excellent stateof preservation excePt onlYthose of Athens. Almost alonethey stand in this arid Plainstillintact in their ciearlY definedand majestic framework,and perfect in the continuitYof their design. They form aunity with the mountains andthe sea around them; theYmake a picture in whose beautyour modern souls seem tofincla true rebirth and purification.They even transformthis clesolate and solemn landscape,for they annul thegraceless line of a chimney ona niodern building near. Suchmiracles are wrought by threeGreek ruins-the temPle ofNeptune or Poseidon, the socalledBasilica to the left, andthe temple of Ceres or Denetera littie farther to the right.THE LARGEST OF THETEMPLESOf these the largest and thefinest is the temple of NePtune.It extends its clear and vigorousline with the graceful balanceof music and the measuredprecision that no n'ordcanever accurately describe.I'or anyone who does not knowAthens itself, this temPie isthe unrivaied manifestation ofperfection, beaut;', and harmony,-theglor.v that wasGreece. For every other morerich or re{ined and comPlicateclbuilding still shining from remoteages pales before thisDoric temple in the majesticstyle of the fifth centurY beforeChrist. Look at the simpleand clear moulding, vigorousand. decisive, of theseDoric columns rising from15their triple styiobate rvithouta base, and gently sloping totheir well-shaped capitals;look at the powerful entablature,the pediment which nowtouches vast and bare on thedeep blue weight of the Augustsk)-. From the top, from thcsides, this peerless blue ofItaly invailes the temple, withinwhich the azure luminositywithout hinilrance of roof orlvalls spreads itself betweenthe coiumns to disclose veilsstarred with the sun's gold orto unfurl impaipable wisps ofsky. This pervading bluemeits into the tawny almostrosy color of the travertine tomake a most exquisite harmonyof color. Between thedouble line of columns inside,another architrave rises fromanother line of columns, smallershafts of which only eightremain, pale like old ivorysymbolic of Poseidon's sprayon high.SHELLEY'S ADMIRATIONA Xn all the while throughAth" end. bol'ond sparki-esthe rose-less meadorv land andthe emerald streak of the seawithout a flutter of sails. Itwas this view framed in thecolonnade that made Shelleyexpress his enthusiastic admirationin a letter when hevisited Paestum in a differentseason but with no less appreciationthan do connoisseurstoday : " The scene betrveen thecolumns of the temple consistson one side of the sea, to whichttLe gentler bill on which it isbuilt slopes; and on the other,of the grand amphitheater ofthe loftiest Apennines, darkpurple mountains, 'crowned.with snow and intersected hereand there by long bars of hardand leaden-colored cloud. Theeffect of the jagged. outline ofmountains, through gro,rlps ofenormous columns on one side,and on the other the level horizonof the sea, is inexqressiblygrand. t'tIIIi.iiI

1lrA1ll,.\N1'IC'\, SEPTE\I13l1li. 1930NEPTUNE'S BASILICANearest the Temple of Neptnnestands the so-called tsasirLica,the earliest or oldest ofPaesturn's temples, rvith itsfrft1' fluterl columns, shorterand rnore rapicll1. taperingthan those of Neptune's shrine.This difference in style is fascinatingfol these older columnsshon' their cun'ature|lainly; ancl their u.itlely projectingcapitals have the bulginglines that suggest the kinshipof Greek witir Egyptianarchitecturo. Tlie plan of thissixth centurv temple was unusualin that its interior wasctrivided into trvo aisies by arow of eight columns, of whichonly three remain nor'. Fromthat fact some people havetirought this temple belongeclto two deities; yet this hypottrresisseems,to be contradictedhl the remains of a great altarat the east end, just as at theeast of the other temples.{tther people, notabiy in theeighteenth century, named it aBasilica, which is surely an inaccuratelabel, but this narneholds even tocla)". To this uncertaintyof purpose and name,and to the fact that the thirdternple is calied that of \restaas well as Ceres, Rogers refersin his lines:" They stand between themountains and the sea,Awful memorials, but of rvhomwe know not !The seaman passing, gazesfrom the deck.The buffalo-(ox) driver in hisshaggy cloakPoints to the work of magicand moves on. t''r1HE third of these DoricI temples is between theother two in age or date. Itis not nearly so Parthenon-iikeas its more famous neigNbordedicated to Neptune. But ithas many points of interest, asits deep raking cornice, and itsmore unusual frieze, which irrfact might be a good argumentfor those scholars who try toproYe tirat Greek Doric is atransiation into stone of arrearl1. tirnber construction. Inspite of its ample capitals witha most substantial abacus, itssle'ncler tapering colurnns seemtoo slight to support a completec'ntablature ancl higherpeclirnent of such size anclthickrress as are the broken rernai.nirigparts. This templeof Ceres has stabilitv,lret scarcel.l. an evident or obviousstabilitv like the other',temples. Periraps one coulclsa)- that its claring super'-position of weight over slenclercolumnar grace is what gaverise to the earlier peasants'belief that anagic inexplicablvpoised these rnan'els of sculpturecltrarrertine upon their'lonell- waste.ITS LAST TRACESIt seems nol'i' to stand morelonely than those others,tl'rough the earth about itshows more vestiges of tlre arrcientcity. Not far off, indeed,is' one othc.r colurnn still alrnostintact from anotherbuilding, the Stoa, which originailyhacl twenty-sir columns.Traces of stucco or terra-cottadecorations can clccasionalll,-be found here, but scarcelvenough to reconstruct anv visionof the colors that theGreeks understood how to useon their architecture, ancl thatwe understand so little toda"v.Some excavations were madehere in 1907, and some wise restorationdone so that we cansee the varied clesigns of masonryas well as the stucco decoration.But it is not easy toiclentif"l' even all the remains wecan trace in the deep grass andpiles of broken stones. Wemust take mostly on faith fromarchaeologists the street oftombs outside the north gate,the Porta Aurea, and the otherthree gates and towers.WHAT PAESTUM MUSTHAVE BEENYet we can conjecture thegeneral appearance of ancientPaestum, for careful investigatorshave deterrnined thatthis citl- was enclosed rvithinrectangular town walls al-routthree miles arountl, with fourgates and sevetal torvers; thatit had its two mairi streetstheCardo and Decumanus,crossing at right angles in theRoman style; ancl that the Romanamphitheater arrtl a s0-called temple of Peace haveleft some practicallr- concealedremains. To less learned visitors,the verl' evident cnd of astreet seems familiar with itspaving of large blocks of limestoneand its borders of curbs.The most nearlr- human objecthowever, among the founclationsof the houses, seemed thelarge oil jar half-buried in theearth ancl brokerr at the top,yet eloquent to recall the intimatelife of a long-deatl citl',whose reall,v imperishable partsoul, ma.r- we saY, or-whose spiritual life-is its tirreeGreek temples of immortalbeaut.r..-I- $-tl centuries ltave ll0wI passed since Paestunt rosefrom its long cleath to the visionancl memor.Y of rnen. Forafter the impoverishing war,the decay, the abandonment,and the pillaging of this fragrantgem of Magna Graecia, ithad been beaten down b,v oblivion-thesti]1 more sad andinexorable sign of fate. After'the destructive fury of the Sarace{lspassed over it, and RobertGuiscard had completed hisferocious spoliation, it can besaid that toward the thirteenthcentur.v Paestum had finishedliving. For from that time itsgrand remains lay at restthrough varied centuries in themost compiete forgetfulness ofmen.

THE.{ SOURCE OF INSPIRA.TION-\rt'rund them the land was- r .rrfrciently cultivated ; de-:-li€r-l Tra.s the Sea, Once thiCk:r- ships; even the farm work: rr l there had about subrl'r€d,between the heaps of- !ir.r-es and the hedges, the,r,rrrlrLs ancl the great facades- rl,e ihree temples. Towarcl- :se the countr-r' people bent-::. hard fatigue and never- Lreht to raise their eyes. Itr.s ir 1725 that zr voung stu-':r-t of painting from thc.,:hboring r.illage of Capac-,. wandeling about in the-t,,is saw tirese antique mar'-=,= among the rustic works.::- stood as if dazed by theser---r'acies 0f beaut5', and he- ,''l his memory rvitir the liarr.,,,riiouslines he had re-dis-';ered. Then he hastened to-':;trles to tr,,]l ld:s nraster of tht-'TEx'{PLES OF ROSE-LESS PAESTUT\Ispectacular vision, and to urgehim eagerly to betake himselfto these temples. Here hismaster came; here came otherpainters; and from that majestlof ruins, exalted andmoved, thev drew quickl-v ahundred motives for their pictures.Thus art served to consecratethese solemn remainsfor the spiritual jo"1. of man.Finally the King also wentthere, inspired by the descriptionsof the Count of Gozzala,chief commander of the Neapolitanartillery. It was inthis rvay that Paestum commeneedagain to be the goal ofa pilgrimage which is no moreinterrupteci, and will never beinterruptecl as long as beautl'is fclr rnen a promise of truejov.25 CENTURIES OLDSo these three monuments.t7having endured for trventy-fivecenturies, still rise majesticand graceful to charm ourmodern world. Now midda-1-ishigh in the heavens so that thesun's heat has made everythingwhite. The Temple ofNeptune flashes in the fairnessof its travertine, while fromthe burned plants and surnrnerflowers of the meadorv therc'rises the cutting chirp ofcrickets, answered bv the cicadasfrom the elms and olivetrees bent here and thereamong the stubbles. The incessanttumult of their voicesllecornes silent in our spirit;and our thoughts made lightand serene by this vision ofancient architectural beauty,become gentle dreams, swayetland helcl bv the wide plain asb.y the rhr-thm of a sweet rnelorlv.)wSCriorlrttrt,rgitrbndterar-)bhisbeIthreditsesttheof1'hs Ternple of I'oscidon

Af iccn S.rlptuPeBe Willi"- J. WilJnn'Three contrasting eramples of the black matx's art.HE EXHIBITION ofAfrican Sculpture recentlyon view at theYalentine Galler,v on East 57thSt. gave the art loving pubiica reasonable time to enjoy anintroduction to this country ofa force that has been exercisingitself strongly for manyyears now in modern art. Wehacl heard such a 1ot about theeffect of this influence that itstimulated our interest andculiosity to have producedbefore our eyes a collection ofthose very objects that representeda part of the many thatIrave been, and still are, afeerling source for a wide currentof the modern movement.IVe w.ere conscious that 'wewere being shown ohjects thathad played their part in inspiringthe growth of modernismancl, apart from the manyother considerations that madethem interesting ancl r.aluable,this fact was outstaniiing. Itwas just as entertaining, forinstance, to look on thesesculptures and to think thaithey insnired men like Brancusiand Upstein, Matisse andPicasso as it was to gaze onthe paintings of the trnglishman,Turner, and to recollectthat they gave birth to Manetand Monet, Renoir and Sisley.The exhibition was a revelationof the influence of negrosculpture several centuries oldand not that of negro sculptureof today. This was due, asPaul Guillaume remarks in hisadmirable book on the subject,to the fact that the mostoriginal work of the Africanprimitives was accomplishedin the centuries preceding thenineteenth because, except onrare occasions, they were untouchedby the spoiling forcesof civilisation and were consequentlyable to develop aGrecian and Renaissance cycleof their own full, not of beautyand charm it is true, but ofdistinct native characteristicsand native art that unfortunatelydeclined with the adventof the white man in the nineteenthcentury. During thatcentur,v, and in our own, negr.osculpture became decadent andlost the soul of its early artjust as the art of early Greecedeclined under the dominationof the Roman Empire. Adecadent academicism followedin the tracks of the white manand after the close of theeighteenth century negro artbecame mere imitation. Theexhibition, therefore, has reallybeen one of antiques includirg,as it did, objects that1Bdated back to the sixteenthand succeeding centuries.Those who came in the expectationof finding beautywere disappointed if by beautywas meant the Venus de MiIo,the frieze of the Parthenon orthe Sistine Madonna ofRaphael. The exhibits resemblednone of these and hadlittle or nothing in the way ofidealism. Indeed, the first impressiona sensitive mindgained from them was liable tobe one of shocked dismay andprobably brought an oid, oldsaying to the lips-"This isnot art. " If first impressionswere lasting ones, however,there would be no artists andno art and the old sayingquoted has had the honourtheunique honour-of beingthrown in the faces first ofthe Romanticists, then of theRealists, next of the Impressionistsand now of the Modernists,each in turn, beingproved a lie on each occasionby the triumph of the particularschool so that its utterancenow is the best testimony thatwhat was called false wasreally true. But if the sayingthat came to the surprised lipsshould have been "This is notbeautiful" then there wasunanimous agreement if we

AFRICAId SCULPTURET9,rf1It-doddisISr,rcl:1gofherS-',fngoniU-ICeratIASingipsnotfaswe: [:-:::ltrr,1arc1 of beautl'' :..:tt= r :-, ;.1-,g1-g. Foftunate-- r i:"r.. however, all the:: . '- ;l : rrorlcl has ever, r --- t'l-. l,it lteen Greek nor. .: .=.' i,-leal. If primitir.'er:. r'- ":, alt \ras like the-'.=l-:. ri-i ir,.h it certainly lr,as: :ri woulcl hal'e been'i.: t' -r il1 the worlcl for in-- . :::,--:i-. These sculptures- I :'. s -'u1 of their orvn, the.:-, r - :,* sou1. ancl the,v exr.":::: l it in clifference of style., : - l-Ls to the developmenti-: ti&r'ticular tribe just as:- .: l -el art is expressed. - .:'':-tir- according to the'-',-- lual nation. The stand-,' . : 1,,eaut.v were dictated:.-:gious utility and, as the: tr-:': of the tribes that make:. :*e ]fest African coast in.: , -l,i-,:ircle from Guinea to,. ..- ls, in general, the same.- :i fetichism and nature, :- :. iLrrcestor u'orship, with: -;l' i1'-rt1 terror ruling or'el all,- '-tilitJ of their art reveals--:--: in hideous mashs and in:.--::Les can'ed in honour of-- ,-ieparted dead, whosei- rl lflust be commenorated- r -;;,locl or in ivory, or in:- ;t-,r-i ancl statuettes of the: ..gired gods of Nature which.:" r'i: supposed to protect the-rr-:r' or the rvearer from all:.: ]ir. There coulcl be little. . r-;- l.,eaut). in an art which- ,: the outcome of: -'lr an unbeautifult'::1. The true beauty. - :-1, exhibits lay in the1,,,sition anil not in: = r'esults, although ther.:-,it,r in many casesr - r: fascinating from-- l lotesquc ancl fan-- ,, - ir points of vierv. ,\,,: .ful e.ye soon learnedri-.tinguish the work- ,iLe region from that., ilnother. There were- ,el characteristics be-.:r:€r Gabun and theI,- -,lv Coast, the Sudann-.,-l Guinea as thereii-ire between France,"L:tt,touched by the spoiling influence.rof ciailization"Italy, Germany and England.Generally spcaking, Galrunwas richest with moclcllingvalues ancl there \vas a rlL-vthmand natural shapeliness in tirecrhibits from this region thatrvas not found so often in tlieothers, except the Ivory Coast.Fat arnis and legs, short,squat boclies autl Lreautif nlll-Ncgro sctilptnre date.s baclt as far as the 16th centwrymodelled heads were indicativeof Gabun and the fetichstatues had frequently a dignifiedappearance that wasastonishing when one considerecltheir ugly features. Atypical Gabun rras Number 10of the Catalogue. The leadingcluality of the Soudanese workwas eviclently elongation andtlie principle was opposite tothat of Gabun-slender formin place of compact mass.fn particular, Number 4 wasa fine example of the Soudanl'ith its long body, arms andIegs all flowing into oneanother ancl expressing marvellousplastic force. In thework from this region, too,there were undeniable tracesof Egyptian influences such asthe slanting poise of thefeatures in Number 56 and thefamiliar beards reminiscent ofthe trgyptian Kings. Thefvor;' Coast was cons'icuousfor its extremely fine ornamentalqualities and r,r'ith theseit combined the modelling ofGabun anil the elongation ofthe Soudan, the result beingwell illustrated in Number 8of the Catalogue. It was inthese products of the IvoryCoast that the dignity of thenegro art fully revealed itselfand a s,vmpathetic otrservercould sense the higher note thatgoes with creative endeavoursin many of the objectsfrom this section. Theart of Dan might almostbe termecl scientific sopreciselymechanicalwere its componentparts. tr'rom head to footin the statues and fromforchead to chin in thernasks all the portionsn'ere fitted together likethe sections of a machine.Plastic values clisappeareclin favour ofplanes and projectionsand the object of art inthe finish resembled akind of Cubistic sculpturewith sharp lines,

ATLANTICA, SEPTE}IBE,R, 1930flat planes (renderec[ rernarkablyattractive in the rnasks)and short, abrupt rnasses.In addition to the art of thecxhibits was the primitiveatmosphere of romance, if itmight be callecl that, whichsurrounded thenr. They suggestedgrim scenes and strangestories in thernsslyssespeciallythe rnasks u'hichconjured up visions of dancingand yelling natives springingrnadll' to the beat of the tomtornaround the blaze of sacrificialfires and terrifying, onecan well imagine, even thespirits of darkness with thennearthly hideousness of theirappearance. trVith such avision in one's mincl ancl withsuch genuine art as the objectsdispla5'sd J.'efore one's eyes, itwas difficult to reconcile thetwo. The howling sava€ierevelling in the sacrifice of oneof his ortrn number ancl thequiet, docile carver of rhythrnicand plastic form seemeclso incompatible.The effect of the exhibitiorrmust be to l-rroaden the appreciationof sculpture bv uneducatedAfrican natives whohave had their great epochs ofart just as \\'e have had oursand who have, within theirlimits, produced their o'wnMichelangelos and their ownDe1la Rohbias although theirgreat artists rernain knownrarely in nanre to us. Ther.had no iclealistic philosophersto aid their muse as had tlreGreeks or no organisedChurch to inspire their mindswith visions of heavenl-vbeaut--v as had the artists of theRenaissance. On the contrary,they had to create their hopesand their fears, their lovesand their hates from the narrowconfines of narrowcrsuperstitions and beliefs andthe result was an art of terrorand fear-almost of savagerv.The marvel is not that theYaccomplished so little undersuch hanclicapping circumstancesbut that they accomplishedso much. If rve woulddo them justice, as we ought,we should judge them bY theirstandards and not bv our own.In Coming Issues of ATLANTICA.bv C. L. gra.rto;ihCrime and Psychology .A thoughtful and vigorous presentation of some facts oi high importance.The Italian Praesepio, or.- It"li"r Me"diaevil Group . .by Margaiet WhittemoreEverl' Italial u.ill r-ead n'ith delight the history of this essentially Italian religiouscustom.Rossetti's Influence in Artby Julia W. WolfeOf all his acquaitrtances, Rr-rsliin thought that Rossetti had done the most "tcrraise and change the spirit of nroclern art."The Wall Street of Old Ro'me ........byJohnA.WhiteA stock exchange is nothing nerv. This article shou's hor'v the old Romansused to invest in securities, even as r'r'e clo toclar,.The Orient in Venice ..by Giac_omo Bascapefhe urost intercsting {eatures oi the little-knorvn gallerv of Oriental ar1 col-It's the Climateiected bv Prince Herrry of Ilourbon are herein clescribed.by Etiot Kays StoneIt is not the cliniate, says the author in this article, setting forth rn';h1' Americans,in spite of lrrohibition, are drinking more than ever.The Father of American Decorative Sculpture .. , .by E{gardo Marollafhe beautiful paintings in the Rotunda of the Capitol at Washington stau

?JJrIrIrfI-I-dt,irll.Tne Ronen Fonu:rr, by Frorth Gerz,a.tiY0UNG MAN of 2! rl'aspursuing his art stuEliesdiligently in Nerr York-:- 1917. His touch, according- fellow-students and otherrl itics, s h o w e d con-qiderahler :'.linise, and a fair future wasi,-,I'eseen for him in his chosen: =irl.Then the war broke out.laring clown his brush, Frankt,i.rvasi joined the 71st Regir-:rrtof the 27th Division, and,:r,'lled more f ormiciable',-itt]rons instead. After the.=-ral period of training in this. :lrrtry-, he was sent" along" -th hundred of thousands of,:irers, to the front-Iinerrncires in tr'rance. No chance" *re to sketch or admire-,- rlscapes-a more urgent'-.siness was at hand. Besides,:r,e small outfit he had brought, lg with him was taken away,- his superiors.But Gervasi looked fonn'arcl' the time when the war would: o\'er, to the time when he'-rld return to his canvases-.:-1 colors. Then, in Septem--.r'. 1918, just two months he-:.,re the Armistice, his right:.1'rf11 his invaluable painting.:i-.trument, was shot off. The::ock was a terrific one forr-in.It took some time for him torealize that he no longer hadthe services of the hand he hadbeen accustometl to use all hislife-habit is strong. Wouldhe have to give up painting?No, determinedly no. His senseof independence caused him toface squarely the fact that hewould have to learn to paintwith his left hand-he wouldpractically have to learn hisart over agairr.And, after two or threeyears of constant applicationand painstaking habit-formation,he did reach his old level.Now he is doing better workthan he ever did before, whenhe had the services of both hishands at his command. In hisNew York stutlio he nowpaints quietly and unconspicuously,preferring to depictlandscapes, although he alsomakes a specialtv of clecorativework of ail kinds. Agoodl-,v part of his work in thisfield has been bought b;' residentsof many palatial homesin Palm Beach, Newport, andother fashionable resorts.l\{r. Gervasi has only recentl;'come back from an extendedsojourn of three .vearsin Italy, tr'rance, and Belgium,where he painted indefatigably.Hundreds of watercolors,miniatures, and small2tA Doubl"AppPenticesh,pt. AntBq Jotnph Mogliotrisketches-the artistic resultsof his trip-are now pileclaround his studio. One of thepaintings, larger than most ofthe others, is of particularinterest. It presents the cemeteryin France, at Bony, wheremany of his former " buddies "now lie entombed. It is apeaceful thing, with soft, lightcolors predominating,'formaland stately in its appearance.A warm golden sunlight suffusesthe whole, and a majesticsweep of clouds in the backgroundbrings into relief thetall, slender flagstaff that isthe center of the compositiori.F \ ERY rtr'l ist lr A . su rn (rL particular aud spccial airrrtowarcl which his paintirrg isaimed, and the great aim oftr'rank Gervasi is the portrayalof " Iight in air "-thereaiizing of an object throughthe intervening atmosphere,the air between object andspectator bv which the latteris enabled to see the object.It is difficult for the layman tocomprehencl that this interposedair has substance andqualifi. as much as t]re soliclobject itself, but to the artistit is an actual reality. Perhapsthat is why he prefersthe painting of landscapes,7i

I22which, being seen outdoors,contain more of this ind,efinablequality of air, ancl enablehim to pursue his favoriteaim.It is really a PitY that theillustrations herein P r in t e dcan only be reProduced inblack and white, for the chiefcharm of the Paintings of 1\Ir.Gervasi lies in their delicate,aerial coloring, the effect ofwhich is almost comPletelY lostin a photographic reProduction.He has no particular Preferencefor any one school ofpainting. "Of course Iworship at the feet of Rembrandt,Velasquez and theother great men who reallYrise above their schools, butit is my opinion that the constantadmiration of one tYPeof painting will come to blinclone to the merits and qualitiesof the many other kinds thatexist. In art as in anY otherfield of life, the broader one'sfoundational basis, the betterstructure it is possible to buildupon it, and therefore I havealways tried to keeP mY mindopen so that I can aPPreciatethe work of diverse schools;the iclolization of one tYPe ofpainting only would narrowind crystallize one's estheticvieu's. "QLIGHTLYbuilt, I'rank C_eruvasi bas small reguJarfeatures, with dark hair anclsmail dark mustache. Hiseyes have a friendlY twinklein them, one that seems aneffort to put himself into thebackground, for he is modestand unassuming PersonallY, aseven close friends (one ofwhom was present the daY Ispoke to Mr. Gervasi) havetold him. He will talk abouthimself oniy in answer todirect questions, but otherwisehe is of a quiet and reservednature.Born in Palermo, SicilY, in1895, Gervasi came to thisATLANTICA, SI'PTE}"IBER, 1930country as a boy of 12. Evenbefore that time he had aninctination toward art, and inNew York it Passed frominclination to positive desire.Thus, he took the various artcourses that were then beingoffered at Stuyvesant HighSchool at night, while heworked at odd jobs for a livingduring the daY. AfterStuyvesant, still studYing atnight, he attended- classes atthe New York School of IndustrialArts. InevitablY, too,he gravitated toward, the ArtStudents' League, that centreof art study on 57th Streetwhere most artists, at one timeor another, have studied'Gen'asi was there for two orUrree years' til1 \923, sincervhich time he has been entirelyon his own. lle has oniYpraise for that institution,*ni.n is run tiY a boclY ofthe students themselves, theLeague proper, of rvhich lVIr'Gervasi is still a directingmember. He has also been amember of the ArchitecturalLeague of Nerv York. Just atpresent he does no other workLesides his Painting, for he isalread.y successful enough tobe able to live on the fruits ofit, and this income is ad'ded toby a small Pension he receivesfiom the Government for hisn ar service and the loss of hisarm.Ex-Lrnnrs, by Franh GervasiIn prizes and honors he hashad but smail interest. Forone thing, before the war, he\Yas still in the art-studentstate, during the war itselfand a few years after, Painting,was impossible for him,and his three years' absencein Europe also preclucled anYexhibition in this countrY.Now, however, after he Pausesto get his bearings again, hewill have an exhibition of hiswork at the Aguilar branch ofthe New York Public LibrarYduring September and Octoberof this fall./---'' ERVASI has an inlerest-U;'* hobby of collectirrg insects,especiailY butterflies,which appeal to him because oftheir beautiful and varied colorformations. Mounting themin pleasing combinations andarrangements is to him " a }otof fun," and he alreadY has alarge collection. An addeclsource of enjoyment and interest,he confided, is the lookingup of the names of the variousspecimens in his Possession.And too, insects mean outdoors,and outdoors meanslandscapes, and. all three ofthese does tr'rank Gervasi like.During his recent travels inEurope, Gervasi had opportunityto observe continentalart and form some oPinionsconcerning it. One of hisopinions, he rePlied in answerto my question, was thatEurope's art toda;' was not asprogressive as that of theUnited States because manyEuropeans, in large Part, arecontent to rest on the laurelsand traditions of the Past,whereas in this countrY theartists are " up and coming. t'" There will be an artisticRenaissance here,tt he concluded,"the time is gettingripe for it. And when it comes,it wiII be broader than justmodernism, it wiil have somethingof the olcl traditions andsomething of the new."

ttagl.FrSrfdJTr-al1Sis.alatASheDyre*sst,hetic)nragLeS,ustnelndl\1 iltt. pqopepotirns on thn lt. lt.nFn'nt in 191t89 Molon EJq"o E"rLinn Hu-"tu1.r,. C""p., U.S. An-.,, Ll. Colon"l, Co--onJtng U.5. A"-,J ho.pilol, *tih lhn Qo,Jol llolro' Anmg, 1918Ttr lrlans of the Italian::r'reme Command fori' : r-riI€l]SIYe nOIM known;u,r1i l':1-,niile of Vittorio Veneto,m*r* =-al,orately worked out.-r n'-;; ,trecicled to begin by atiri-r: - a lfount Grappa folrl'm+::r the main effort acrossr.Ii- i _t|t"TL= r,i,sition of the Itaiian:jr,,":'';as Ti-as as follows : Theu'l' r*; Army under General1,il 1.:: -,ri was on the AsiagoL,l:=,.: between the Brentanl: P'iare Rivers. It included': r i El-tish Forty-eighth Diviri:. L, TLe Twelfth Army, inrr :-- g tire X'rench Thirty-:. 1-: : [tl-;ision and commanded,: r.-: French General Grazi-.uu. -o5 along the Piave as farI I :--l'' &s the Montello. The.f,.rs::;r Anny under General.l;*-:-:a rras on the Montello.(l' ;:: c,f it \\ras the Tenth-ilr*J. including the British:i**i r,";,1ps (consisting of the'$.:;::-ti ancl Twenty-third Di-:l:r.: - s r. and commanded byr r-:-;13r the Earl of Cavan.$'r ri: rrf Cavan to the Adriatic'v'"*s tl_re Ttrird Army under H.Ill.H- tl.e Duke of Aosta. TheF.:r'.th Army, under Generalri:;:,r,1ilor held the Grappam; r-e the Ninth Army, under,..-i":r*ral \Iorrone, was in re-Po"l llTle arrangement of the-i-::trian armies was: On the.=1t wing was the Piave Armee,.!:mmancled by tr'ield MarshalE;-,r, eritch von Bojna, and consistingof the Sixth Army andthe fsonzo Army (sometimesincorrectly called the FifthArmy, from which former organizationit was in part built).The Isonzo Army held the linealong the river from the seato Ponte della Priula. TheSixth Army continued the lineof the river from the Ponte deliaPriula to above \,raidobbiadeneopposite Monfenera. Nextcame the independent commandknown as the GruppeBelluno under General vonCoglia, which held the line asfar as the Brenta and separatedthe Piave Armee from theTrentino Armee. The TrentinoArmee, commanded by theArchduke Joseph, consisted ofthe Eleventh Army under GeneralScheuchensteuel and theTenth Army under GeneralKrobatin. The Eleventh Armyheld the line between the Brentaand the Astico on the plateauof the Seven Communes. TheTenth Army stretched from theAstico to the Swiss border.f N their plans for defenseI thu Austrians had countedfirst on the Piave itself. Second1y,on a well prepared beltof positions extending a mileand a half deep, called theKa,i,serstellu,ng, o r fmperialPosition. In rear of this, extendingsome two miles back,was a less well prepared lineknown as the Kdnigstellun,g, otRoyal Position.23f S might be expected, therc-/ I is a disagreement betweerrthe ltalian and Austrian writersas to the number of troopsthat were engaged on eachside. The report of the battlemade by the Comando Supremoof the Royal ItalianArmy says that there were57 Italian Divisions, or 709Battalion s against 631/zAustrian Divisions consistingof 827 battalions. The fiftysevenItalian Divisions includedthree British, two French,and one Czechoslovak Divisionand the one American regiment.The Austrian accountstates that there were 57Italian Divisions consisting of850 battalions opposing 57rrz2Austrian Divisions. X'urthermore,the Austrians claim thattheir divisions rvere so greatlyreduced in numbers, that theywere some two hundred battalionsunder strength, while theItalian Divisions were at fullstrength. \Yhile each side hadtwelve battalions to thedivision, the Austrians had inaddition, a battalion of stormtroops to each division, whilethe Italians had one to eachcorps. Each Austrian Battalionhacl four rifle companies,and one machine-gun company.The Italians had one less riflecompany per battalion.Austria had, of course, a muchlarger population from whichto draw. Probably the mostaccurate statement of the com-

'2+position of the Austro-Hungarianforces available at thernoment that the offensive be-Sfln, is to be had in theconfidential tsritish rePort.This document states that theAustrians had: 54% infantrvancl 6 clismounted cat'alrvtiivisions. Of these nine ofthe infantry (the 5th, 16th,T4th Honved, 10th, 39thHonr-ecl, 27th, 38th Honved,and 44th schdtzen), ancl fourof the cavalry (the 1st, Sth,11th F{onvecl, ancl 12th clivisions,orving to sickness' mlltinvanil the transfer of trooPsof Hnngarian nationalit.v toIlnngarl', were s0 rednced instrength as to be each on1,vcquivalent to about a singleregime'nt. On the whole frontcluring the course of the battle,e\rer--y infantry division exceptthe tr'ift.v-seventh, and ever,Ycavah) clivision was throwninto the fight, making a totalcngaged of 53r/z infantr-v and6 cavalry. Of these, 321/zinfantry, and 2 eavalr.v tlivisions,were either caPtured orrendered useless as comhatantunits.rr.\ H E 1TALIANS lrad at slight srrperioritv in gutrs,n ith 8,929 to the 7,000 of the,\ustrians. One of the mostinrportartt preparations for theolTensive was the massing oftire artillery and ammunition.The ltalians located 5,700 gunsand some 6,000,000 rounds ofarnmunition in the main battleline of 62 kilometers. 0fthese, about 2,600 €{ulls' and3,300,000 rounds hatl to bebrought up as reenforccments.'Ihe Austrians hacl plentv ofammunition, but rvere unableto use it.There were tactical objectionsto a plan requiring anattack in an easterly direction.If the Italians were to Penetrateinto Austria, Italr' itselfu'ould be exposecl, for itssafety clepended on the clefensein the mountains agaiust aATLANTICA. SEI'TE,},1BEIT, 1930hostilt: counterstroke. Briclgesand roads in the East were atall times menaced from the air,and the maintenance of eommunicationswould be exceedinglydilficult. Bquallrweighty were the objections toan attack in a northerlvtlirection for the monntain altitudeof 9,000 feet n'onlc1 almostsureht mean a srlo\\-covering as late in the -Year asOctober. Thus the physicaidifficulties confinecl the attackof the Asiago Plateau and themountains dividing that plateaufrom the \ral Sugana. Forthese r:easons, the ltalian SupremeCommarid decieled tostrike at Vittorio Veneto on^ aIine bisecting the two iines ofdifliculty, ancl at the same timeclividing the two Austrian Armies,separating them fromeach other and from their base.The Earl of Cavan holcls thatGeneral Diaz is entitled tomuch more credit for this planthan he is generally given.The attack was to begin witha feint on Monte Grappa b). thetr'ourth Army, then the mainirlon' to be struck l,l' theTwelfth, Tenth, antl EightirArmies against the AustriariIsonzo and Sixth Armies, clrivinga wedge between theni. TheTrvelfth Army was to fight upthe Piave to Feltre whence animportant road led to the Trentino.The trighth Arrn;'rvas tomake good the water shed ofthe \ralmarino on the line ofcommunications of the Sixth-{ustrian Arrny, anil to drivethe Austrians northrvard. TheTenth Armv was to move dueeast to the Livenza, protectingthe flanks of the two armies onits left in their northwardclrive, ancl at the same timedriving the Isonzo Arml in adifferent direction of retreatfrom its neighbor.ing, so that the attack coultlnot start on October 15 as itotherwise would have done.The rirrer hat.l gorte tlown cronsiderablr,by the rtight of Octoher26-27 . Lord Cavan cites theclevotion of the Grappa Armr.for its work in rlrawing theAustrians frorn the main efforton the Piave. "This duty wa-*performecl with a devotionu.orthl- of a great place in rnilitaryiristorv. "The ]rattle began at dawn orrOctober 24, exactly one yeal'after the traged--v of Caporetto.by an attack of the FourtlrArmy on Monte Grappa a$plannecl. Opposite the FourtliArm-r the Austrians haclmassed no less than eleven divisionswith an additional tenancl a half divisions'in reserve.On the other hand there werebut tli'elve divisions with practicallyno reserves opposingthe Eighth and Tenth ItalianArmies. These dispositionsalone slrow tlre irnportance o1'the feint attack on the Grappa.The attack of the Fourth Armr-\ras sulrported by the left wingof the 'fri'elfth ,'\rmy and theartillery of the Sixth Arrnl-.,\ thick fog, later turning ttrpouring rain, lirnited the artilleryaction on both sides in effectiveness. The Austrians rgsisteclstoutly ancl their machine-gunfire was most effective.Certainiy the enemvshowed no signs whatever ofdr,v rot. Like most holding battlesit was costly to the attack.Some of the wounded frorllthe first rnoment of the fightwere admitted to the U. S.Army hospital uriit attached tothe Grappa Army. The Peaksof Monte Asolone, Monte Perticaand Monte Spinoncia wen:capturerl from the Austrian-c.but coulcl not be held again'*t1he violent counter-attack.r.\Ntr of llto reasons for the 'T- H E left wing o f tlr t'\-l 5u111" starting with a I Twelfth Arnry, supportirrgfeint on Grappa, was that the the Fourth, descended frornPiave was high and still ris- iMonte Tomba and Monfenera

}{ILITARY OPERATIONS ON THE ITALIAN FRONT' iN 1918 25t]Itt..()r-rec$tIEegtn}TAi-'-t,i the basin of the Alanort:r'ere it succeeded in occuplt-.- r rtre rorth bank of the Ornic.}e Austrians, as has been:- -rru. held the cornmanclingr "- :ltions so that the Italiani1 , -r!rs were faced b-1. almost1,-,"11'tnclicuiar walls of stone"rr :- 1 rrere further defended,:i guns. In one of the-echine.-:-:t - r: on the right of the:rl:[,Irfi. some of the Italian asr;rL:-innits preparecl the wayj ;; i attack by the use of elec-:r:: i:-,1 hrdraulic drills whichr'*:= rseil to cut foot holds ini,.l-: :--i,1 rock of the precipice.T'r:. tr e Italian Arditi anclli'1*:"= sraled the cliffs, andI r'. rr renters o f resistance,w.n-r ::; ,-.oulcl have been capi::r::.iix no other wa-v. Oneiiiit,:il!--,1 of the Arditi, orr,rr .'i]f fr,]r]p3, without &ny a1-fiiL-l-l.r:-, p'reparation climbed the.ril'**': :1,'FreS, SUrpriSed the enert,r:i.r.- I eapturecl an importanti r,L * -;- . 1- , rn tire Col di Baretta.l; 'vtr- a cornm.n expressionLr :.i- n:alian Army, that ever.vd[-r i,1r] ::er forward, meant alsol {- - r-eter upntard.T: * strong resistance ollii,rir" :r'Epl-,a. while not alteringtLr " -s-:l r-'f General Diaz thatl;,1-; --:1,1 lte a feint to conrr*i.il.-i:: real plans for the adrt.i'r.. !r.i1r :rL the PiaYe, was per-Llr.ri,,t.i .'' ,:[r than he had expect-,-,r" T:e First Army in therl',il i"-{stico and the Sixth.r:- r-i:- i: L tlle Asiago Plateaul r ,i,i" -r.r"i:. fierce attacks with:r+ : :-;[ of engaging the ene-T.t' -: :lt"se sectors and prer+lr-tiI is sencling reinforceir-.rr-t::, the Grappa region.'l'r- I:;-ian attack on Grappa' :,:,: -+,i with the object of: rl;-r l lj,e enemr to throw in1..,r t-:*rrr:. The crossing of'I:i: :::- i,iie Piale n-hich hacl,'**:- i:;o,1 tr-rr the night of Oc-:t r'=: -i*1i. harl to be deferrecli,: ,r j-:w ,lar-s longer on acr'. ::-i ",-,f tle condition of ther:'-i:r. T';rus the maintenancei i:' i{,,t on Grappa continr*. i,, i e irishlv important. Afterthe Armistice, it appearedthat the Austrians had to theencl thought that the Grappawas the point of the main effort,and even some of theAustrian histories written afterthe war, mention this as aseparate battle.T1 HE fir'st attempts to crossI the Piave were ura,le brtheTerith Army. The utmostsecrec.-\' as to the projectednlovement had been rnaintainetl.General Diaz held itof the greatest importance thatthe enern.v be kept in ignorancenot onl_v that there s'as to be anattempt to cross the river, buttliat there had been any changein position of the Britishtroops. To insure this secrecv,the Britisir Forty-eighih Divisionon the Asiago Plateau,passecl untler the commandof the ftalian XII Corps. NoBritish g{ur was alloweil to fireorr tlre Piave, anrl all Britishofficers and men were clad inthe Itaiian gre,v-green uniforms.The Tenth Army consisteclof the Italian XI andthe British XI\r Corps. Theforrner was alreaclv holding asector of the Piave from Pontedi Piar.e to Palazzon. TheBritish XI\r Corps \\,as concentrateclnear Treviso.The 'Ienth Army was facedby a clifficult problem. ThePiave, bv this time in full flood,was nearly two miles u'ide withnurnerous channels tlottecl withislands. The current measuretlmore than four feet perseconcl. The iargest isiantl inthe Piave is the Grar.e di Popar1opoli,about three miles longb.v one wide. In the main channel,the river flowed at aboutten miles per hour. This islandr.vas held by the enem; asan outpost.On October 21 the BritishXI\r Corps was moved up inline with and to the north ofthe Italian XI Corps fsomSalettuol to Palazzon. On thenight of October 23-21, twoBritish battalions, withoutprevious artiller;. preparation,crossed the main channel, surprisedthe Austrians, ancl occupiedthe northern half of theisland. The movement, skillfullyarranged by the Italianengineers, was b.rr means of flatbottomecl boats, holding sixmen and rorvecl by experienceclItalian boatmen. 0n the followingnight the rest of the islandwas occupied by the BritishSeventh and Italian Thirt.vseventhDivisions. Thus withthe main channel behind, it wascomparatively easy to I a,tbridges and prepare for themain attack in reiative security.After an artillery preparationlasting practicaily allnight, tire Tenth Army attackedon the rrrorning of October 27,the Italian Corps on the right,the British Corps on the left.Two bridges \\rere put up undergreat dilficulty, and the enemyoverwhelmed after a hard fight.Many men of the Tenth Arm_vwere iost by clrowning.N THE left of the TerrthArmy, about ten kilometersdistant, the trighth Armlmanaged to throw across twoof the seven bridges that theyhad expectecl to construct. Theaccuracy of the Austrian artilleryfire on these bridges wasmarvelous. Siich was the difficultyof the work, and so greatwere the losses, that it was de*cided to attach the ItalianXVIII Corps to the TenthArmy under Lorcl Cavan in orderto pass it across the riveron the briclges of the latterarmy. On the night of October27-28, parts of the XYIIICorps passed across ancl tookover the front from Borgo Malonotteto Col Tonon. As a resultof the many broken bridgesit was not possible for theX\r[I Corps to deploy all itstroops required, but it attackednevertheless on the morning ofOctober 28. The remainder ofthe Eighth Army crossed dur-

26ATLANTICA, SEPTE},TBER, 1930ing the rright of October 28-29in the vicinity of Nervessa andon the following morning theItalian )YV[I Corps againpassed to the Eighth Army.rfl H E Trrelfth Army threwI orre bridge over tire riverin the Pederobba region at Valdobbiadene.The crossing, likeothers scheduled to take placeearlier, u,as delayed by the ordersof the Italian SupremeCommand on account of thesutlclen rise of the river. Thecrossing was actually madeduring the night of October 26-27, the remarkable achievementof passing an army of three divisionsover a single bridge underheavy enemy artillery firehaving been accomplished. TheFrench rvriters claim the lion'sshare of the credit for this fortheir division, though it is notapparent that it was more skillfulthan the two Italian divisions.The Austrian accountlaments their failure to exerta slight pressure on the bridgeheadwhich, they say, wouldhave been sufficient to haveheld back the Twelfth Army.Once the Italian Armies wereacross the rivet their successesf ollowetl each otherraPidlS'. During the daY ofOctober 29, the Tenth Army atlvancedup the Montecano Riverto Fontanelle and on to Ramiera.The NorthamptonshireYeomanry, the British divisionalmounted troops, acteclvigorously and pushed forwardso rapidly that it r'vas able tosecure the bridgehead. over theMontecano between Yazzolaand Cimetta intact, though ithad been prepared for demolition.This saved many hoursof delay in pursuit. On thesame day the 23rd BersaglieriDivision passed to the ThirclArmy with a view to clearingthe front of that army by attackingsouthward. It was replacedby the Tenth Divisionin the Italian XI Corps. At thesame tinre the 332nd UnitedStates Infantry joined theBritish XIV Corps. T h eTwelfth Arm;' pushed up thePiave as far as Alano. Thetrighth Army srvept on to VittorioYeneto and enterecl Conegliano.On the niorning of October30, the Trvelfth Army wason Nlonte Cesen, and Feltrewas under fire. Thus GeneralDiaz had fairly driven hiswedge belween the AustrianSixth and Isonzo Armies.The capture of Nlonte Cesenby the Twelfth Army wasdoubly irnportant in that itmade possible the accomplishmentof the second mission ofthe Eighth Army. The latterarmy was, aftel reaching YittorioYeneto, to turn to thenorth and secure the bridgesseparating the plains from thePiave in the Val Sugana, thusreaching the rear of the Grappallass. Not only did theTlvelfth Army thus protect theleft flank of the Eighth Army,but at the same time it deniedmaneuver to the enemy in thegorge of tr'eltre.DY THE ovetritr:{ of Qcl6lrt.r'I-D 39, the Tentlr Alnrv leaeLetlits objective, the Livnza atFrancenigo, and Saciie. Thenext day that river was crossed,betrveen Motta di Livenza andSacile. On that day, the ItalianXVIII Corps was again transferredfrom the Eighth to theTenth Army. tr'rom this timeon, in the words of the Earlof Cavan, the retreat became arout,The crossings of the Livenzacaused the enemy to weaken onthe front opposing the ThirdArmy, and the latter was ableto cross the Piave on the afternoonof October 30, and advancerapiilly to the Livenza,Even so, however, it met with arather surprising degree of resistancefrom rear guards untilother troops crossed at Salgarecla,Romanziol ancl SantaDona cli Piave, after whichthere was iittle opposition.November 1 was given overto bridging the Livenza so thatthe Cavalry Corps under H. R.H. the Count of Turin, couldpursue the enemy. The advancewas resumed and on Novembet:2, the Tenth Army reachedthe line: Villota-Praturlone-Riverna east of Pordenone-SanQuirino-Aviano.l\ /TEAN\\'IIILE. in tlre alealVl og -][onte fu.oppu, theenemy was becoming moreanil more involved. On October27 he counter-attackedeight times against the l\fontePertica, but each time wasrepulsed. tr'or six hours thefight about the summit wasterrific. Service was renderedby the Ameri.can Army hospitalunits with the tr'ourthArmy and all their installationswere rapidly filled tooverflowing. On October 23a,nd 29 m616e continued. Italiancolumns advancecl from theAsolone to the Coi della Barettato assist in the occupationof Monte Pertica, Monte Prassolan,and Monte Solarolo. Theenemy resisted stoutly andthrew his last reserves into thefight. Thus it was that theFourth Army, though unableto cr.Lt the Austrian commurricationsin the area of the Dolomitesand in the plain, rencleredthe desired assistance tothe other armies since it effeciivelyinvolved all the enemy'sreserves of the Feltre area sothat they coulcl not lre sent intothe gap that had by that timebeen openecl b). the Eighth,Tent)r, ancl Twelfth Armies.Both the immecliate ancl generalAustrian l'eser\-es werebrought up,The retreat of the Austriansopposite the Grappa Army beganon the nisirt of October 30-31. Their re&r rudlrl \ras unableto hril,l l-'ack the FourthArmr. rrni,,'h rox- forsecl ahead,realizirg tlat n-l-rile it hacl heretof,:'re f ,-'ilght t'or tire aclvan-

MILITARY OPE,RATIONS ON THtr ITALIAN FRONT IN 1918 27"tages of other armies, it nowhacl a chance to join in the generaladvance on its own account.By the following evening,the left rving of theFourth Army was in the pos-,session of X{onte Roncone lookingclown on the Val Cismonwith patrols throrvn out towarclsn'onzaso. 'Ihe centerhad pushed through to I'eltreand the right was able to reachIfonte Tomatico and cut off theAustrians who .were still resistingthe right of the TrvelfthArm.v north of Quero.The Twelfth Army passedthe Quero defile toward Feltreon October 30, as stated, andthe enemy seeing his lear menaced,gave orclers to retire onthe l'onzaso-I'eltre front onthe night of October 30-31. Defensesfor such a purpose hadbeen prepared in advance atthe San Boldo Pass and UreFaclaito defile. The FourthArm-v attemptecl to follow atonce, but the strong rear guard.fighting off the Austrians, heldthem back. The enem-Y werenot only numericall.v strongerbut they had excellently preparedartillery and machinegun positions from rvhich aheavy fire was directed againstthe Italians. 'Ihe rear guardwas finally overcome, but notbefore the enemv had withdrarvninto their desired position.-f1 HE Sixth Army while suprporting tlre Foui'th in itsadvance, moved into the BrentaValley and occupied Cismon,surprising here an entire regimentalheailquarters. Withthe occupation of the Feltrebasin, Ure Austrian occupationof the Asiago Plateau weakened.On October 28 the enemytroops in the Seven Communes(the Eleventh Army)liad withdrawn into tLe socalled W.interstel,lutt,g, northof the Asiago basin. They announceda "voluntary withdrawal." " Taking into considerationthe resoh'e so oftenexpressed to bring about theconclusion of an armistice andpeace, putting an end to thestrriggle of nations, our trooPsfighting on Italian soil willevacuate the occupied region."Tliey rvere of course too late,for it was harclly likely thatGeneral Dtaz, already sure of agreat victor:y, woulcl listen totheir proposals irased on suchwithdrawal.NT O\\' tlre sccott,l pbase ofr \ tlLe Italiarr plan was e\'-er,vwhere to be put into operation,and the whole Austrianpositions in the Trentino werethreatened. The enemy's retirementshorved that he toounclerstood the threat andwould endealror to save in thisway a part of his forces. Thewhole Italian Army was thereforeto advance in a great'wave, extencling from the Stelvioto the Sea, and make goocla victory already assured. Thefirst Army was ordered to ad-Yance on Trent. The SixthArmy was ordered to advancetowards the Egna-Trent front.The tr'onrth Army rvas to ac-[-Yance toward the Bolzano-trgnafront. The trighth ArmY\ras to advance be;'orrd tlrejunction of the valleys at Be1-luno by the Cailore road (UpperPiave) and the Agordinoroad. The Seventh Armv rvasto advance toward t]ne \[ezzolombardo.The Twelfth ArmYrvas to concentrate in the Feltrebasin and await ord"ers.The Tenth and Third Armieswere ordered. to advance to theTagliamento ancl the Cavalryto push beyond so as to forestallthe enemy at the Isonzobridges. Each of these armiesdid what was expected of it.The Tenth Army reached" theTagliamento from San Vito tothe north of Spilimbergo, littleopposition being met. On November4, tb.e 332nd U. S. Infantryhad its baptism of firewhen forcing a passage of theTagliamento, "an operation,"says Lord Cavan, "which theycarriecl out with the same dashas hacl always been shown byAmerican troops. " The regimentcaptured about a hundreclprisoners and suffered a fewcasualties, many of its men beingbitter at being throrvn intothe fight \r.hen an armistice wasexpected.The armistice was signed onNovember 3 at \rilla Giusti, tobecome effective at 3;00 p. m.the following day. The line,which reached from the Stelvioto the Ailriatic was the following: Sluderno-Spondignaand Prato Venosta in the Va1Venosta-Nlale and Cles in theGiudicarie-Passo clella Mendola-Rovaredella Luna-Salornoin the Val d' Adige-Cembra in the Va1 d' Avisio-Monte Panarotta in the Val Sugana-theTesino basin-Fieradi Primiero-Chiap:nzza-Domegge- Pontebba - Robic -Q e rm6ns-Cervignana-Aquileja-Grado.Of course beforethis time the Italian troopshad occupied Trieste by sea.-J1 IIE consequences of ther battle were of course theannihilation of the Imperialand Royal Austro-HungarianArmy. The number of prisonerstaken is uncertain butGeneral Gathorne-Hardy, theBritish chief of staff, says thatat least one-thircl of the Austrianinfantry and practicallythe rvhoie of their artiller;rr'vere in the hands of the ltaliansat the finish.Yittorio Veneto was one ofthe most important battles everfought. It was the greatestdecisive victory of the \YorldtrVar, and in point of numbersof men engaged on the bothsides-almost two miilionthelargest battle of all history.It was essentially an Italianvictory, for more than 90 percent of those engagecl on theside of the Allies were ltaiians.There has, nevertheless. been

t!1!oATL:\NTICA. SI:,PTENIBER. 1930Iilila tendencv for those nrho do notlove ftaly, to belittle the Italians'victory, and indeed theiipart in the war. Austria'srveakrress is stressed by theFrench e\ren more than by theAustrians themselves. Even inthe description of the passageof the Piave b-v the TwelfthArntv, Normand calls it thecrossing by the " Franco-Italians"-this, despite the factthat there rvas but one FrenchDivision in that &rmy to threeof the ftalians. This is butpoor return for Italy's help.In the first few days of thewar, Italy's attitucle of bener'-olent neutrality enableci thrtr'rench to leave unguarclec'l :rfrontier of 240 kilometers, anrlquickly transfer 200,000 troopsto the north to oppose the Germanadvance, troops which arrivedin time to participate inthe battle of the X{arne. When,despite the efforts of the Germanophile,Prernier Gioletti,the German economic grip onthe country, and the {inancialdifficulties growing out of thecostlS' war in l,ibia, Italy enteredthe Great war, it \vas ata dark moment for the Allies.The Russians were in full retreatin the Carpathians ancla I m o s t without mnnitions.From this time on the easternfront was practicallr, transferredto ltaly, insteacl of toF'rance, as must otherwise havebeen the case. Almost the entireAustro-Hungarian Armywas irnmobilized in ftalv, onlvfour divisions reaching theFrench front during the entir,ewar, while six Genn:rn divisiorisser:ved in Itali'. The im,portance of this to thc' allieclcause is often overlooke,:l. Letus remember u'hat happeneclon the French front rvhen theGerrnan troops were releasetlfrorn the Russian front.HILtr the Austriansrvere undoubtedlv hadhinneed of food supplies, theirarmy, as always happens insuch cases, \\- a s suppliecl,though the civil population wasin N'ant. This was true also inItah-. The Gerrnans give Italvcledit for her share in the' fina]r.ictory. Ludenclor:f saicl thatone of the chief causes of the(ierman defeat u.as the lack ofsupport from Austria,''gripped more tighth- thantver at the throat br- ftalr,'."It does not lessen tirc. creciit ofItaly that the r\ustrian Armyrvas rveakened .just ltefore theLiattle of \rittorio Veneto, foril'suelr u'cre tlre case, it wasthe Italians that had broughtit about. The I\rorld \\rar wasnot worr in a day, ancl the criticisrnthat Ittrlv lron oler a clemoralizeclenem\: may also bemade of I'och's r.ictories of1 918.ft is perhaps wor.th n'hile inthis connection to mention thatat no time were there as lnanytroops of the Allies in Italv asthere n ere Italians on otherfronts, including the French.The foreign troops in ltaly, torepeat, consisted of three British,two French, and one CzechoslovakDivisions, one Americanregiment ancl three companiesof Roumanian I'olunteers.ftaly's losses \rere \rer\:g'reat. The Battle of \rittoril\reneto cost her more than 35,-000 dead. Tlie proportion ofher deacl to her population was1.5-greater than the percentageof British ilead to herpopnlation (white onlv). Ofthe Fourtir Army seven fta[arrDivisions alone lost 20,000. Butat the Armistice she held iralfa miliion Austrian prisoners.( )f a population of thirty-fourmilliorrs, ftah' mobilized fivemillions. She lost in all abouthaif a miliion killed arrd morethan a million wouncled, abouthalf of n hom were permanentlvdisablecl.The sufferings of the precipitateAustrian retreat are saidto be ccimparable to those ofNapoleon's armv on the retreatfronr l{o,"corv. Great massesof rnerr rvaited for irours torroYe a few feet or a feu. hun,drecl larrls and then had to iraitarlew 0n a roacl littered withthe carcasses of horses anciparts of rnat6riel. Many Austriansdiecl of fatigue or e\re]lhunger. The wounded wer,e unableto receive attention in theclisorrler. l.[an"r. of them rverebrouglit into American hospit,a,l nnits clar.s afterwards in pitiableconditions. The only fooclthat manr. had had was fronrthe l.iorlies of horse carriorralong tire, roatis. The plightof erorrps of uursing sister',\vas particularl-v miserable.though treatecl with great considerationbv the ltalians. Onegroup of these lturses, some ofwhtrm \rere members of religiousoltiers, were brougirt tothe tl. S. Armv hospital at \ricenzawhere thev remainerlquarterecl I'ith the Americarrnurses until they could be senthome. Personnel from tlieAmerican Hospital Center, afterthe Italo-Austrian armistice,assisted in the administrativeancl professional work otcapturetl field hospitals, ou).officers anci men working sidebr- side $'ith their late enemies.|} Y TIltr outcome of t ire war..t)I tatr1' secured tlre water.-shed of the Alps as her nationalfrontier. Few people realizehow tirin n as this fringe ofmountainous ground formerh.held, arrd how it was commantl,ecl b-v the higher Alps to thenorth. The 'Ireat.v of 1866 hadestablished these artificial antnvuhierable bonnds for fta15.The Austrians stood along'thesouthern scarp of the Carnic.Cadoric, and Julian Alps, anclthere was e\rer present the dangerof a descent into the plainsr:f Lornbardv ancl \renetia.At last Italy u'as " redenta"and the dreams of the Italianpatriots of half a century before,of Mazzini, Cavour anclGaribaldi, had come true.rffi,-t

t-AlnrscnJPo StPoJnll"B,r CApTFR WAARINGTCN BLAllllll*ln"tnJ b,, A.\f. Mono,,oD"* llEATRI0IN, rlo not snr. soagainst us both. Placenot l our love so low.Leave off this cruel jest; bernine-the adorecl wife ofthe most blissful singer!ttttYOu err,tt she relrlied,eatching her'irreath, and loosing herlrand from his. "I u'illsnffer no rival in thehouse and heart of mvlrusband. But 1,su willsacrifice your art for nte,,,\lessandro? Look aboutlou ! Wealth and luxur--vsurround vou I -vour wifeshall be your chief atten-,iant; your urother shalllive like a princess, but.r'ou must cease to be the,*inger Stradella, whonr'{-IceverY fellow in the.streets ean hear; .\-ou tnltstcease to aclore other divinitieswhen you have me. I cannot-'{iug i I }rate }'our violin-Ihate your music. "Anil then, Alessantlr'o senti.ortli a hollow cr,v of anguish,pressed his face agairrst hergarment, and faltered: "Mayali the saints in Hear,en forq'iveyou and me ! You willliave it so ; we are parted. "Ancl without another rvoril.he rushed from the loonr.Scarcely ten lears harlpassed away before all ltalr'krreu, the name of Alessandro,Stradella, ancl n{other Giovanliilivertr to feel the ha1;piue-:sof seeing her son loadetl dorvrtwith honor and glorl-. Selclornis a composer ancl singer snappreciatecl during his life a-qhad betu f ou,nd rnurd,ered i.n the gard,eu, olMarche.re X[emmo"lvas Straclellzr. llire peopitrwoukl listen tti no one elsewhen he was to be hearcl; thercalledhirn not onlv the {irstviolinist in Ital1., but also thefirst singer, arrd prophesieclfor irirn as conposer the glentestfuture that God ancl }{isSaints evel ordainecl rnortalorimrnortal-to achior-e. Hisbeauty acquireci for hirn thesunlanle of " Apollo clella tr{usica" and ltr--atrcl-bv, thercaneto call hirn this alone, asthough thel- hatl entireiv for'-gotten hi-q real nane. llhervonrcn all fell in love with hinrat first sight ; he enjo;.ecl hisvr)urlg' 1ife, too, and rejoiced29ovel' nlally a slveet flower thatlongingl,v turneil its innocentface towarcls hirn; but he re-.joiced over them after the mannerof the butterflies, for'clays ancl irours only. Tht-.Apollo clella I,Insica, r'itithis magnetic eJes andrnagnificent form, x'itlrhis charming smile antiearnest lrrol, seemecl onlr.bound to one latl-1, anrlthat was St. Cecilia herseif.tr'or almost tlrree 1-ears,particularly during hi-qresidence in lrenice, AlessandroStraclella had devotedhimself exclusivel-vto composition, and nothingwas more clelightfulthan to listen to a madrigalcomposed and sungtheby him. I{e worked withgreat zeal rLpon an oratorio:" San Giavanno Batista, " andit u-as permittecl his motherto hear the first representationof this noble creation of herson. It x'as at Rome, in thechurch of the " Hol-y Apost1e. "The beautiful halls l'ere fillediv-ith the most distinguishedclergt'-indeed, it was evensaid that the Holy Father himselflistenecl behind a gratingan innumerable multitudeof people, of high ancl low-antlrlegree. Nladame Stradella satin the center of the church, inanxious expectation.Leaning against a pillar nearher wa.s a voung man attired

-*l30ATLANTICA, StrPTEMBER, 1930after the fashion of the Venetiannobilit;., and closely muffledin a black cloak. Hisdeathly-pa1e, foreboding faceat first alarmed the good woman.He seemed very restless,too, constantly muttering incomprehensiblewords betweenhis teeth, and every now andthen, clutched at his breast asthough being overpowered bya feeling of suffocation. Adeep pity filled Giovanna'sheart, so much so that, finallyshe turned to him, and said,in a gentle I'oice : ,,If an).burden lies upon your heart,be it a sorrow or a sin, waitpatiently awhile; the tuneswhich will come down fromabove will make your heart freeand ease our soul. Alessandrohas already played and sungconsolation to many.t,.1rllEN the stranger smiledr in a ghastly fasbion, andsaid: "Waiting will be somewhathard for me, my good woman;but since you sa5' it willreward one for the trouble, Irvill quietly keep my place.Afterwards, I will deliver mythanhs in person to Alessanc,lroStradella, and, as ;.'ou seem tol

ALE,SSANDRO STRADELLAresided alternately in Rome, ming of the children could not house' and' she never wouldtr'Iorence and norog"u t ;;r: ,.uJh his ear'permit-.it'Naples he never touched upon "Andhiswife?"asked'Stra- T\" evening of the fete aragain.Did he know that the della, half -haif astoni.n"al riYed at,iast' Alessandro Stra-'' "*--Iove of his youth, who, s)rortly am'sed..clelia betook himself to the Paafterhis separation from her,"She is saicl not to be out- 'Ihe darling ofll'::^{:f-"'rvas entiu.d tn. "most.lr:uo; ao,rJ ny him,,, '"u.tr.Jiffitiful maiden in Naples," *l:"#"Yl1i';*?t;*'"#";;tt\ud "and is as prou4^u-"dafterHi:"i: il#,h;h;Jlonsbeenatf,o*n5'ears of seclusion, be- thronic as 6ea'tiful. She is :'",:'"'';stowed ILer hand opo,' u-,' .to.*- :;i;ii; ;;";; ;;l) *;.:' i: iljii;,lf.;il,i:T,;'-":',.* ;liIy, peculiar Marchese of Genoa, church even during siient mass. i-",.-'*- ;a man known rrv tl'.-r'u*. oi Hi'Til-r". m'sic "-*""h'#T;; 1l:"1'::lJItheir life-vet' uponthe Music-hater? wh;., about a year "rt"'Jrff#lJ }*il'#f;Tt til:\*T":l:,Y"married, she snatched the ^in- ;;";;;;;rh"d.A world' ofrr \\'AS in the spring of ::'J,Hi,i;"# iiiJl"ffdl;l jlil":;:.il*'tv opened beforeI i;iIir,^i i"r,u .hor,iot". l'ili. .,',,c' door, ""aiffi li#;,Jri =iffil;n""T;li Tft::singcr and composer yielded led it urrder her fect. Slre afloTn" repeated ^*tr.uli"* of 'tl]*ura., it is true, li'"* ; ?l"u ff"?l':""iJilt* t:.3;tthe city of Genoa that he valuable trinket into his hat;I'-,-. ,^''shoultl himself conduct his new b't nevertheless, th. ;i:"T;] ]^".1t:1:"t"opera, ,,Le Forza clell ,ep-o, cile rvas clestro-ved. d"."i#- *:lYt^t:r"nhright as da;'' Thethe walls were al-P-ate"no" at the cur,'ioul lru" lil-;; t;r- hushancl, ',::l+::J fi;;ffi.t;::il*1'ffii,;]'*ti"';Apol}o della. *":,1"^"jli:^1:sives a ha1l, but when h.9::: ioiffie.];;" "aatyand dreamceivedas a king, the most drs- throw open his !?lo:,palacc ii" **r, tneir flower eyes upontinguished citizens -contended and garden.resemble r.T^1U:0"i'il.'"iiir;* imo"g. Vatout tefor the honor of loclging him; of s6me mighty magician. "tlre men feared and hated [rim;the women loved and adored- -_ rrn nir--^r-^-^ r\,{^-,"?#. ir"tues arose from thegrasst vases of precious stoneshim; fetes tr,,o,s"f,"iiJjij:i T l*151;.'ii: ^i*m,ilt ll'L-*'j,r j;il:,1:_i,f SiJi:l;:fr;HtffiJi1'"H:11fr;.';ff th-i:'; to a wide circre" rt ;'';;;;; i"""t"i".''or per-,,Evviva iI divine," ancl be- was, at bottom.'-.a .fete of re- fumed water glittered betweensieged his d.wellin* t. ,*".. hi; ::#*., a h'miliation to that the flowers' the cupboardssing.Hewould.openhiswin-,,'B:td,strolli,ngyllayer''w)rcgroanedbeneaththeweiglrtofdow in the still'fiHr"';f 1;; had darecl stir up such tumult ihe sumptuous plate and' renight,and sing #;i.";";;; ilpro"uGenoa.r'Iedecraredto freshrnents, which seemed toand pray r- "rq1riliJ,,T;i:-; i]'j, X'".:y,f;;ffi1?"fff. T l;ff. |i.i|.*iJl;,Tu {i,:1"#lto rvhom the glittering 1l:,111: .iro* trr" to'e-sich woinen of il;;";;. .tood open into thedoors were closed: H: Y::Ti ii;;"- ho*. unrnovecl tris own ;;?i;^;t'i"r' rvas itlominatedan invitation forll'?,.:"f::i: ."ii", gr. most lea'tiful of i"i;;";i"b;s of diverse colors Ibefore the opera,^Tlt"^ilT^" til;"ir, woutcl be by the -]rilfi--t"ps, on which rvereof the riclrest man ln Genoa.the Marchu.u uJ#J;. "Si;;l th,arms "'"of this "fidclling Apol- laicl ve5'ct co'erings' led downdella,s friencls were astonishecl Io-.'l how she alonc would have to it, ancl waYe upon wave ofat this, and. rerated, many l:ld" ancl courage e'ous^h to fr.a,Er.ance a'cl cool air were*asrred into tre halrs'strange u,,n.dot.."ii-'.1,+:,::i1 *tfljl:.';j-ri,*'ill}'HrltTfii;-,Xllil,,llil;.;"ii1t ,H: i"'u'" r'igr,est circles ,ffi"r:"; Tltt ii?-il i l?lif;T::illtsince his nin.t.".t'ut"i;;' il; hlncl' he rejoiced- athe hacl been jilted by a beauti_ or the surprise and indignation eyes of youth, approached thefu1 singer, he had not heard u his wife, r,ho for some time c"elebratecl g.est immed-iatelysingle note of m'sic, and that past had Lieen more intolerant 'pon his enttancc' bacle himthan ever, u'elcome with a courteous smile,ire would flec from every sound ancl more 'iolentin the least degree resembling would feel at seeing a musician and b.wed low in token of acit.His parac" :;# b"ti;-fi sta.d before her. She had no knowledgment when Alessanthecentre of an immense gar- suspicion that any. one *'ourd clro requestecr the honor of beden,so that the song of the a*ri to invite an;'Apollo d'e1- ing prelented to the Marchesa'street musicians and ihe hum- la-Musica,, to a fete at her \viti a scarcely perceptible

32arcliing of the bushy brows, heasked the singer to follow him,ancl walkecl slowll through thesuite of surnptious apartments.As thel' moved along'-thelfarchese attired with morebrilliancv than taste-AlessandroStradella in simple blackvelvet, his rich, chestnut hairfialling in curls upon his shouldcrs,his faultless form proudll'erect, adl'ancing like a princewith his victorious eyes flittingover the assembll., and withan enchanting smile returningthe greetings showered uponhim from all sicles-there wasno man's heart but Memrno'stlrat dicl not fear th,is riual;no \\'oman u'hose glances didrrot hail with ecstacy the Apol-1o della Musica. If inallv, hisEuide stoppetl, and fromamidst a gloup of tropicalplants anil blooming orang.etrees, a ladl. stepped forth,rlressecl in a sirnple white satinrobe, a bouquet of pornegrarrateblossoms at her bosom, antlpomegranate blossonls in herdark hair.ARCHESA, I bring yolr irfar-farned singer and violinist,t'said Memmo, in hishard, dry voice, "a singular.guest in our house."She raised her eyelids andlooked upon the llewcomer,lrut she gar.e him no greetingonlygazed at hiur, whilst faceand nech greu' white as rnarl-rle;and then she laid her hand uponher heart, u'ith a quiver ofpain about hel lips. He, too,grew pale as cleath, took a stephackwarrls as though awestruck,then stretched out hisItand towards the beloved ofhis youtho glasped hers, which..lre extenrled to lrim as thouglrin a drea,m, and, bending overthe c01d fingers, irnpressedtJp.reon a kiss, wlrilc he whis-1F-r'ed in tlre rleepest enrotiorrof lvhicll man is capable:"It \ras )-our will, Beatrice! o:Often. it happens that aATLANTICA, SEPTE\IBER, I93Osirrgle word, y€s, and evena single gesture, will breakasurrder the bonds which haveconfined the poor torturecl humanheart for long vears. TheMarchesa Memmo breathedheavilv, and murmured:"It was my will-you areright; but I have been severelrpunishedfor it. "'f1HEN slre cast a h'eezirrgI glance at ]rer lrusharrd, rvho-,at a little distance, rvatched themovements of the trvo, apparentlyperfectly calm, and shesaid aloud:" You have been so kind as tobring me, in the person of yourgues't, the dearest plar-rnate ofmv youth; accept my thanksfor it, Marchese. AlessarrdroStradella resided close to thc'Palazzo l-,uigi in l{aples. "lVithout arvaiting a repl1,she took the singer's arm anclwent slowly down the marblc'steps into the fragrant garden.I{e walkecl beside her as onein a dream; the .vears of sep,aratiorr, the bitterness of theparting hour, the anguish ofsoul, clisappeared in a sea ofblissful sensations ; slt,e trvasonce rnore the little capriciousBeatrice, lte b,er pla1'mate andfrientl. But the pomegranateblossonrs did not glitter as thenupon the tree in the little vard;ther- bloomed nosr upon theproncl J-rosom of a queenlt worlran.He begged her softiy for'a flowerI she loosened one fronrher Lronquet and then ]randed itto him." That flower at partirrg didnot kill us, after all," saicl she,with a laugh of a chilcl."Not our boclies-but r,-orlrireart," he replied mournfulh-."Whv, cloes yours live?" shcrasked."I feel now that it lir.es, forit loves vou ! Do vou not knowthat tlue love ctrn never die ? ""-\nd ,l-ou? Havc 1,ou forgottenthat true lot'e can arvakenthe dead? Mr. heart arosefron-r the dead rvhen lollr el'esmet rnine, Alessandro, ancl itwill not easil.l' fall asleepagain. t tThe.v remained together duringthe entire evening, in spiteof the whispering around them,irr spite of the smiles anclglances of astonishment anclderision. C]areless of all, ther.gave themseh.es up to the excluisitebliss of finding one anotheragain and to their1ove. - -It was as though they hacla foreboding tlrat death rvouldcome upon them on the morlorv,and that onlt' one intoxicatirrgnight upon earth rvasawarded thern. The usuallr.pale, stern Beatrice norv lookedfresir and blooming as a rose,or like a ,young maiden bv theside of her betrothed; and theApollo della Musica hacl neverbeen more beautiful than riponthis night. The breath ofmelancholr' \Yas blown a\\ra]-from his brow, and he sat therebeside the only woman he haclever loved, happ). as a -youngGod.-f1Htr lrorrrs ruslred lrl'; alt rpadv n'eir rirrtss, tlre rlestro-r,er'of all eartlly jo,vs,stalked througir the throng ofguests, the candles seemed toburn less brightlv, the fadeclflorvers antl clrooping ringlet-*clenoted that the lieight of thefete rvas past-rvhen suddenll'the Marchesa, rvith glowingcountenance, anc'l 1 o o k i n garound her with tr contemptuoussmile, beggecl for a song."Give us just one of yoursongs, so that this eveningrnay' be memorable to us all,"she said.The noise caused b;- this requestwas like a storm. Musicthe Palace lVlemmo !-song-in Did not the walls tremble ?Were not the rnarble divinitiesprecipitatec'l fronr their pedestals? I)icl not the earth opento srvallor'r'up the olTender whoclaretl make such a retluestwithin such sacretl precincts ?

t--Ali eyes sought the master ofthe house. He hacl disappeared,and now the guestsventured to crowd around theApollo della Musica, withfresh entreaties. He took hisstand uporr an estrade oppositethe Marchesa; the,v fetcheclhim a manclolin frorn the palaceof the beautiful CountessGrimani, which was not farfrom the Palace Memmo, and,after a sweet, simple Ritornell,Alessandro Stradelia, with thefull magic of his incomparabievoice, struck up that sorlgabout the star who loved thesun. His eyes rvere turned towardsBeatrice, who answereclhis glowing gaze with a smileof perfect bliss. She had inthis moment forgotten ever) -thing'-her whole life, full ofthe bitterest grief, her gloomyhusband, whom she had followed,once in a moment ofdespair, into that solituclewhich then had seerned so alluring;onl,v one thing br-rt notforgotten-HER LO\rE. HEwas there, and with him awhoie heaven; and these minutes,these hours, belonged tothem ! lViro could have Uroughtof the events of thc molrow I-f1 HE song had died awayrshe did not ask for a secondone. Yet a stolen pressureof hands, yet a few softl.vbreathed words passed betweenthe lovers, then shervhispered:"Addio ! After the presentationof yonr opera tomorrow,do not forget vour pr'omise !l will await .vour coming at thegarden gate."Then they parted-the hallswere empty-the Marchesa retiredto her chamber withoutmeeting her husband.The next morning she awakened,and her maid broughther word that her husliand hadAI-]ISSANDRO STRADELLAbeen compelied to undertake aiittle journe;r, that he hoped tobc rvith her again the next day,arnd u'ould then explain to herthe m;'sfsrY of his sudden departrue.Beatrice's heart rejoiceci;she clrove to mass torcturrr thanks for the happinessof the past evening, andto irnplore protection for herlrekrvcd in all his walks.I)i 'f HE evenirrg, the greatr tlreater at Genoa was crowclet1as never before. The housebeamed rather with the formsof those who filled it than withthe candles intendetl to lightit; the new opera of AlessanclroStradelia had attracted allthe elite of Genoa. In the boxof tire Marchesa Nlemmo sat asirrgle person-Beatrice. She\rras dressed in black velvet,anrl carried a boucluet of pomegranateblcissoms in hel liand.\\'hen the Apolio dclla }lusicaa1-rpcared, grea,t lejoicingsarose. The pale face of theXllarcliesa brightened. She sarvthe beloved one, radiant withlrt:aut;-, honored, adored by thecrhultant rnultitude; she heardrncloc1ies of channing gracewhich on1,v God put forth intohis soul to guslr forth again;an inexpressible rapture overfloweclher.Tire opera was leceived withenthusiasrn, the applause inclezrsedwith every. scene, andat the finale, a storm of joybroke out, wldch raged throughthe house as though it rvouldcrack the walls" From everybor, flowers and laurel wreathswere cast upon the stage, the\vomen waved. their handkerchiefs,the men cried., "Bravo!1,1:f i1'2tr I'Apollo della Musica !"r\ncl tlirough the open door thepeople crowded in from thestreets, antl echoed, ttLvvivaAlessandro Stradelia!"It was a seene of passionate33delight-such a scene as can heenacted in Ital-v alone.Beatrice 2s cheeks n'ere floodedwith tears of jo;.. Deeplyaffected, she leaned forward,and the brilliant bouquet ofpomegranate blossoms droppeclfrom her hand and fell at thesirrger''s feet. And of all theflower offerings, the hero welcornedthis one, and, pressingit to his heart, bowed low beforethe box of the Xfarches:rMemmo.The next day, a frightful rumor.ran through the city ofGenoa. The celebrated singerand composer of the opera,"I-,a Eorza dell Amor Paternot'had been forind murderedin the garden of the MarchesaMemmo, but a few hours afterthe most brilliant celebrationof his life. The deceased worea liouquet of pomegranate blossomson his bosorn, and aroundlfs mouth still hovered thesmile of happiness.N SPfTE of everS' investigar I tion, the murderer \ras undiscovered.But the rn a dthrong, infuriated l-ieyond allpower of irurnan restraint, almosttore the far.orite old servantof the }farchese Mernmoto pieces because he approachedthe crowd of rnournerswith horrible grirnaces zrndthe words:"Why all this disturbance?It is only a great singing-birdthey have killed here. M1'master must have peace !"Not only Genoa-all Italy deploredthe loss of AlessandroStradella. They bore hinr torest with honors that werenever accorded any king.On the day of his interment,the unhappy Marchesa retiredforever from the worlcl andtook the veil in the Conventof Santa Anna at Guastalla.(The Entl)

---rEOOKS AIID ALJTI_-] ORsPIETRO LORENZETTI, bY E. T. Detrl'/ald.Illwstrated'. 33 pages. Cantbridge: I{arcrard (inir.,er.sitJ, Pres.s. $2f LLUSTRATTD L,r' l0L fullI page plates of tlrl work ofthe great ltalian artist, thisscholarly and detailed work onthe life and painting of PietroLorenzetti is well worthy ofstudy by those interested inthe history of Italian painting,especially that of the 'Irecento,to which periocl Lorenzetti be-Iongs. Lorenzetti did not, Iikehis predecessors, Pisano, Duccioand Giotto, emphasizedramatic movement, decorativecolor and emotionalmasses, but, choosing anothertack, he " set aside all temptationstoward pretti{ication, infact he chose homely types,and developed in them moresimple ancl intimateJy humanqualities. "It was aflter him tirat Sierineseart became decadent: hestood. on tire borderlinebetween this latcr period anclthe earlier pioneer- generation.TI'IE CRI'|-tQUE OF LIUMANISM, aSy+nposinm. Edited by C. LIartlel'Gratlan. 3,64 Pag es. Nett' Y ork :Brewer & I;[/arren. $3.5r.A BLOODLESS l-rrrt rlever-A th"l"=s bitter llattle over'Humanism has been going onthese past few months amongliterary folk. Led by PaulElmer More and Irving Babbittin the pages of theBookman, this movement towarda sane, solid Johnsonianpoint of view, as opposed tothe unrestrained fulfiIling ofwhims and vagaries that hasbeen the vogue since the war,has been combatted tooth anclnail, and the fray has extendedeven outside of the realm ofliterature into after-dinnerdiscussions.The present volume, composeclof the contributions of13 eminent American writers,to a greater or less degreefla.vs the new Humanism." Are $.e, " says the jacketblurb, " to worship order withoutprogress ? Are we tocreate our literature out ofliterature instead of life itself?Must lve relinquish the worldwe live in and give ourselvesover to meditating upon theclassics ? " As these questionsare one-sidedl-v put, of course,the arrs\ver is No, but thereader should, to form anopinion on this most importantpresent-cla5' literary contro-Yer:s-y, consult the opinions alsoof tlie T{umanists themselves.Inclucler{ in this s-vmposiumare essals by 1,n*t* Mumforil,Itldmunrl \\r i I s o n, \[a]cohnCowle,v, Burton Rascoe, Henr;'Ilazlitt, Allen Tate and JohnCharnberlain, ir e s i d e s sixothers.VERDI, by Fenu.ccio Bonavia. 161f age.r. Neza Vork: Orf ord UnfuersityPre.ss. $3 00.l\T ONE wrote the story ofl\ \-eldi's life better thanBragagnolo and Bettazzi, saysMr. Bonavia in his preface, butsince the publication of thatwork, however, t'a collection ofletters has appeared, 1 Copi,aletteredi Gi,useppe Verd,i,,which, if it does not affect ourestimate of the artist, throwsconsiderable iight on Yerdi'scharacter." In this inclusionof new material is this biographydistinctive.Mr. Bonavia, though born inItaly, is a resident of Englandand a writer for the "London34'Ilelegraph," and his book, acombined criticism and biography,is an extremely weicomeaddition to the literature onone of the greatest of Itaiiancomposers.ilIAHAl'XitA GANDH|S IDEAS, byC. F. Andrews. 382 pages- New Yorh:7'he Macmillan Co. $3.00.-f1tttr everrts of tlre past t'eur months lrave focused theattention of the world on Indiaand Mahatma Gandhi as it hasnever been focussed before.We of the western world havebegun to know something of thephilosophy ofprofoundGandhi's program of passiveresistance to the yoke ofBritish rule in India. Thepresent book, whicir incluilesselections from his writings:rs illustrations, "is intendedto explairr the main principlesancl itleas for rvhich MahatmaGandhi has stood in the courseof his eventful career."The author adds that manyefforts have been made to haveGandhi visit the West forconsultation and discnssion onproblems of r.iolence whichiead to internecine rvar. "Itmight happen, that a visitfrom the one man in the wholeworld who has proved himselfa creative genius in this verysubject, making it alone hisspecial study, day and night,for nearly a whole lifetime,would help as nothing elsecould do."GOLDEN-FEATHER, by Capwana. Illustrated.Transloted front the Italianby Dorothy Emmrich.'205 pages. NezaYork: E. P. Dutto,n €t Co. 92.50.,,|/l OLDEN-FEATHER," aU collection of sprightlyand humorous ftalian fairv

ta1es, has been charmingi3,-translated b;' D o roth;-Emmrich from the ItalianRacconta,f,abe, a book whichhas iong delighted children inItall'. Kinglets, a princess aslight as a golden feather', aplaster cat rvith marvelouspo\\.ers, a cricket prince, iltailor's magic needJe, :rnilier's horns of pientl'-thescand other ingredients, stilrecland mixed and seasoned rr-itlrthe sl;' humor of the a,thor,go to make up the stories x'itirtheir o1d-time chann.Luigi Capuana is also theauthor of " Italian FairS-Tales, " of which it has beensaid that it is " so well knox'nto Italians that it is aimost aclassic" It is one of Ital-v'sgifts to the world. " Thesestories are deliciously andaltogetirer different from thenorthern brand- of fairy tales.The_v have, besides the pricelessendowment of native colorand grace, the rollicking,heart5,- Ita,lian sense of joy andfun.tr'or Italian parents rvhosechildren are being brought upexclusively on the orthodoxfairy tales, these books shouldproYe a welcorne purchase,stimulating as it wouid theiroffsprings' interest in theirancestral countr.v.THE YOUT 11 OP L/IRGIL, by BrwnoNardi. Translated b:* Belle PalmerRand. Cam,britlge, XIass.: Hart,ardUniversitt- Pres.r. $1.50.D)ROFESSOR Nardi's littleI book, Irele presenteil in anHnglish version, deserves awide circulation as one of thebest brief accounts in existenceof Virgil's youthful career andof the histolical backgroundboth of the Eclogues and ofwhatever poetry hacl precededthat work. Another point ofinterest in the book is theoccasion of the celebration ofVirgii's bimillenary, which isbeing held this year the worldover, and the controversiesBOOKS ANI] AUTHORSoyer \rirgil's birthplace, whichis touched upon br Profe*ssorNar:di.1'tnctr.F rottt tltc Co pitolitte lluseuttt, irt RonteI]EFORE .'1ND AI''T[,R PROLIIBI,TION, by l[illard ]:.7-t-,1;,0t. 131f ages. Nelr York: T he Maunillau C o.' $2.00.M us'"'lJ'fT$L;, "li:'jIlarylarrd, is a "net." In thisbook, however, cro\\'ded withint'ormation irr the form oftables and graphs, compactl,vpresentecl arid therr anal,vzed,the figures showrr, as he saysin his preface, are neithert'wett' figules nor ttdtyttfigures. 'fhe fact that he belrer.esthat the disadvantagesof national proiiibition far'outweigh its advantages, hasnot deterred him from presentingfigures solely on their owrrweight, and drawing a few conclusions.Statistics, of course,can be made to interpret anclcreate bias just as efficientl;', ifnot as easill,-, as \r'ords,, 1'et thefacts garnered b.v the authorcome from the most unbiasetlsources possible. Most of theinhave been obtained from variousdepartments and agericiesof the Federal Governmerit Iothers from State g'overirrnenta1it,gencies.Many of the facts presented,he says, have never been obtainedbefore, and some ofthem present a picture of prohibitiondays which were evenstartling to himseif"I'ROII ORPHEUS TO PAUL, A FIistorl'of Qrphism, by Vittorio D. Mactltioro.Illttstrated,. 262 pages. .Neu'Iork: LIturj, Holt & Co. $3.00.nR. IIACCHIORt), a cura-L) tor of tlrc Royal Ilrrseunrof Naples arul a professor inthe Unir-ersitS' of Naples, hasLivecl for \:ears among the beautifu]relic-q of the Orphic cults,arrcl has lrecome thoroughly acrluainterlrvith the literar-vsourcc-q of our information iuthis fieicl. fn " From Orpheus'l'o I'aLrl,tt containing theSchelrnc.r'horn I:ectures in Religionwhich he clelivered during the winter of 1929 at CloluuibiaLlniversitv, arr accountof what is knorvn arrd what isirnagined about this importantphase of Greek mysticisrn ispresented.Especiall.v interesting arethe chapters that trace themerging of the Orphic cult intoChristianitl.. Al1in all "FromOlpheus to Paul" is a thoughtfuland anthoritative contributiorrto the stud1. of the mythoiogicalorigins of Christiantheologl'..t. t,l-.Ol(r,t:,tL).l.tt t.,t .lletttoir, b)t\Iarie Adartti. 179 pouc.;. New ]/orh:llichard l?. .\'tuitlL, Irtc. ,$-t.5r.-f1lllS nrcrrroir o{' a man ofI rnarrr activilies and broadactivities x.ill not only appealto the climinishing banil of hiscoritemporalies and to his numelouspupils on both sides ofthe Atlantic, but will provide aperrnanent record of an exceptionallygifted leader in pathologicaland general education.For more than 20 years (1892-1914), J. G. Adami taughtpathologv in IIcGill Universit).,X{ontreal, on new lines,namel,r' b.v bringing the subjectinto close relation with otherbranches of science. In Canadahe \Yas an inspiring leaderin the campaign against tuberculosis,his eloquence and literarycharm making his enthusi-

3f'r ATI-ANTICA, SEPTtrNIBER, 1930asm all the more contagious. proving the reality of other.\i1 the aspects of a many- minds than our own; and thesiciecl and charming personal- closer our individual reiationitvare presented in detail in ships with other persons, thethis appropriate memorial of a better we are able to know themrnan who is rare among men. as minds..tUN"tEf AND SUNRISE, and' otherpoems, by Joselh B. Shadbolt. Boston:The .Stratf ord Co. 50c.T TNDOU-BTEDI,Y the ideaU of placing l..refore the publiciow-priced editions of someone poet's work is a good one.A reader cannot go wrong, forthe book is of small enoughprice to enable him to throw itaway if he does not like it afterreading it, or if space in hisapartment is too limited.T h e poems contained in"Sunset and Sunrise" are orthodox-thetype that appearswhen a contest is initiatedfor the most suitable poemcommemorating some event.The subjects, too, have beenwritten before, and in the samevein-mother love, death, glorioussunsets, allegory, etc., butof course, one cannot criticizea poet for his choice of theme.But the all-important matter ofhandling of the theme can be(and is, in this case) criticized.OUR KNOWI-EDGE OF OTHERMINDS, by W. Wylie Spencer. 145pages" Neu Haz,en,, Contt.: The YaleUniversity Press. $2.00.n zf ANY attemnts have been'LYl made to solve thedilfrculty of demonstrating theexistence of other minds. Itis a basic question which haslong puzzled philosophers. Inthis penetrating little volume,Dr. Spencer, a Professor ofPhilosophy at Yale University,attacks the problem afreshwith a new argument and witha full sense of the importanceof iris subject. Back of his argumentis the idea that themore complete our knowledgeof the nature and activities ofmind, the nearer we are toBAUDELAIRE: FLESH ANDSPIRIT, by Lezuis Piaget Sh.ank.r.265 foge s. Boston: Little, Brown f,tCo.wfif#i*H"?" r'":HriTin literary discussions, the generalopinion of him, based onhis "X'leurs du MaI", is one ofa sinister, unconventional anclmorai-defying French poet.Mr. Shanks, in his admirablebiography of this famous (butlittle known as a personality)figure in literature, portrayshim for what he was, " a sensitiveand sentimental poet despitehis struggle to hide hissentimentality b e n e a t h atnask, t tSiniilal in rnany ways to tireAmerican poet, Edgar AllenPoe, his discovery of this, hisspiritual brother whose career.justified him, letl to his translatingthe American's worksinto French, upon which, togetherwith his " n'leurs duMal" his fame chiefly rests.Says t)re author in his preface:"His work has lived. 0fall books of verse of the lastcentury, it is 'Fleurs du Mal'which is most alive today.From it more than any other.one book contemporary poetrydescends, not only in Francebut also in England and America."THE BIJLLS OF R}ME, by LudzuigHuna, Translated 1rom. the Germirby Madge Pernbertott, N ezr, Y orh,.Breaer & 11'orrur. $2.50."'T\HE tsulls of tl,ome," aI conrplete novel in itself,is the first of a trilogy concerningthe Borgias, favorite subjectstbese clays for novels ofdark and sinister doings. Itpresents the first of the infamousline: Rodrigo the Terrible,who, as Pope AlexanderVI, established a reputationfor corruption in a corruptera. Its pages abound withthe custemary assassins andinformers, adventurers andprostitutes, who play theirparts against the backdrop ofthe times. Mr. Huna is wellknownin Europe, having writtenseveral historical novels inthe past.r.l OMES word to us fromL/ Italv that the latest workof Lauro de Bosis, "Icarus"(Milan, Alpes, 1930) has wonthe first and only prize for poetryat the recent Olympiacl ofAmsterdam.Though de Bosis is famousthroughout ltaly for his translationsof Sophocies anilAesch;'ius into Italian, whichare generally accepted as aboutthe best of their kind in ltaly,this tragedy is his first attemptinto creative poetry of his own.It is Greek in its constructionand its modeling, but it cannotbe confused with the classicworks.De -Bosis, as tlie son of Ital;".ttto.t ardent translator ofShelley grew up in an atmosphereof poetry, coming intocontact with many figures in therealm of poetrv. He holds adegree in chemistr;', but earlyin his career ire gave himself tothe translating of great foreignworks, especially the Greeks.He has even translated. JohnErskine and Thornton Wilier.It is to be hoped that, fitting-1-\. enough, the works of de Bosis,at least "Icarustt, will betranslated into English, so thathe may be made known toAmericans, even as he has alread-r'made known to ftaiiansthe works of many Amerjcans.

TraztelThr E.Pthquol

Business and FinanceErsiness Cgcln,HE 1929-30 business cleclinehas led many peopleto become interesteilin the phenomenon of businesscycles. Business has swungthrough a number of great " cycles"with high peaks, as in1881 or 1907, and deep troughs,as in 1897 or 1921. Since CivilWar times there have been sixcomplete " great c;rcles " andwe no\v appear to be well tou'ardthe end of the seventh.These major swings, countingfrom lorn' point to low point,were: 1865-78, 1878-85, 1885-97,1897-1908, 1908-14, 1914-21, and1921-(incomplete). The averagelength of these periods isbetween nine ancl ten -vears butthere is no regularit--v, therange-so far-being from sixto tweh'e )-ears.Next it will be noticecl thateach of these great swings hasbeen divicled into two to fourminor cycles, ar.eraging roughlythree and one-half -vears inlength. Thus from 1897 to 1908there were three minor swings:1897-1900, 1900-04, 1904-08;possibly eYen these periotlsmight be broken in t$.o, as1904-06, 1906-08. In the currenteconornic era, beginning in1921, three definite periocls canbe traced : 1.921.-21,7921-27, ancl1927-30.The nature and causes ofthese "cycles" are in dispute.It is often denied, even, thatthere is a business cvcle. And'strictly speaking, the somervhatregular fluctuations above describedare not cycles in the38scientific sense. A true cyclelikethe swing of a pendulum,the ebb and flow of the tide orthe flight of a comet around itsunchanging orbit-is the resultantof the interplay of tnoor more forces. These forcesrnay be isolatecl, defined antlprecisel.v measured. The sameforces are aiwa,vs operative,their intensity is constant, thetime period consumed in thec-vcle is fixecl. Once its ecluationis solvecl the cycle is knorvnancl its recurrence can be foretolClwith mathematical certaint-vfor indefinite periods in acl-Yance.It is not so with the businesst'cycle.tt The "fotcestt ate notphysi..1 forces (the rrieticulousmight cven dispute the use ofthe word). Thev are socialforces, anil we have no instrumentsfor their exact tneasurement.The forces are multifariousand not all of them arediscoverable by any sure meUrod.They var}' in intensitr':wax, wane, and clie out. Thedominant folces of one or-clema;,* piay a minor role in thenext.At bottorn there is perhapsjust one valid reason why wehave hacl, as far back as statisticalrecords go, and ahva,vswiil have something resemblingc-vcles in business. This reasonis simply that human beingsrvill never be abie to make anvset of economic machinerv operatesmoothly at all tirnes.Prosperity will aiwal's generateweaknesses ancl abusesextravagance,over-speculation,graft arrtl riespoliation. Periodsof depression will see thescer.ils abated and founilationslaid for a rrew adt'ance.The direct, actil'e, causes ofa business expansion and subsequentdecline-as previousl-vstated-baffie complete anal-t'-sis. Yet some tl'o or three influencesstand out as clominatingthe major, or great, c)'clesof the past. Thr:se are (1) unusualaccretions to the monetarl''golcl stock; (2) opening upof vast ne'w resources; (3)epochal impror.ements in industrialor financial technique.The minor, three ancl onehalf-vear c1'cles, ri-hich piavabout the path of the great c5'-cles are the reflection of r.aliationsin the intensib. of the majorforces and of operation ofman)- minor folces. Since 1921,for: instance, thev havc coincidetlsubstantialll' with the fluctuationsof the motor inilustrl.as it alternately expanclecl salesthrough the appeal of new models,lower prices ancl ileferreclpayments; glutted its rnarkets ;then, was forcecl to await theappearance of a new crop ofcustomers or of repeat ordersfrom oid ones.The 1929-30 decline, however,has been more basic in ciraracterfollowing a leduction inthe monetary gold stock, theculmination of the buildinghoom, marked over-expansionof automobile plants ancl definiteapproach to saturation inmotor car markets.

40ATLANTICA, SEPTEMBER, 1930and teaching of children, rvhich fitted meas a plosDective home-maker.As a busy houservife and mother Iavail myself of the une(ualled educationalfaciiities offerccl by our libraries,museums ancl beautif ul parks. I findtime to be an active member of ourchurch. \\rhen possible, I help in theteaching oi catechism to our parish chilclren.I took vocal culture lessons tobecome a choir-singer, and piano lessonsto stlperintend my boy's music. Ilead to illiterate neighbors and findlrleasure in reading good stories to boysnot fortunate enough to havc theirmothers do so. I make it my dut-vto help Americanize foreigners. Throughthe alore-mentioned sources I havclearned to evaluate myself and others,mv outlook on life has become broadened,and life itself made more appreciableand useful.As a change from the movie-s, I attendan occasional opera or concert. Igo to the lectures offcred by the ItalianHistoricai Society to further learn aboutthe beauties and cniturc of ltaly. thcnative land of my palcnts. I gratefullyaccept invitations for parents'open-school week; for I am cieeply interestedin anything connected w'ith theschools, and make it my business alscrto go to their entertainments and artexhibits.As parents, we shoulcl 'be more ir-rterestedin schools and co-operatervherever possible. \\rc cantrot delcgateall obligations tou'arcl our chiltlrento the teachers. \\re shorrld r,isit theschools, observe the modertr metho(ls andstudy our: children's reactions torvarclstheir surroundings. A nore fullv developedParent-Teachers' Organizationwould be a great help to this communitr.'.L sought a freans to further my educationrn'henever neecl arosc. .\ itcr r.r.r1'first sick-tending cxperience, I resoltedto medical books and a l3aby HealrhStation ,and have become practicall]-proficient enough to co-operate .lvith arioctor. Our evening high schools havcofferecl me opportunities in selving andlanguage courses. Latelv, I have joineda mothers' group to cliscuss the problen.rsof child care, the practical side, iactsand theories. My iuture aspirations are:Home economics, home clecoration andclay modeling.Theref ore. I filmly believe in thisne$' parent-education movement. \\rcmust keep pacc n'"ith the new generatior.ranrl try to meet its requirements. Associal stanclurrds have changed, we uecclcnlighlennrert on our numerous responsi'bili t ics.This contest should arl'aken parents lorlew c-\pect;ttions and they should respondto educational opportunities.Thanks are due to institutions rvorkingfor our nelfare. Here's to their suc-CCSS.Th" Chicogo Tnibunn Fo ll' Fno- lt' Olumpus99 Giouonni SchiovoTo the Editor of Atr,lnrtce:Chicago Italians upon whom "thegreatest ne\\rspaper in the world" has soofterr rented its malevolence and prejudice,rvill find the following editorial,appearing in the August 7, 1930, issue olthe "Christian Advocate, NorthwesternEdition" somewhat impressive of thcirfeelings on the self-proclaimed infallibilityof the Chicago "Tribune."(While Atenrrce does not share theztiews of the "Christian Adaocate" regardingsuch lroblems as prohibi.tiot'r,, itt:cn.rid,ers tke editorial relrinted, below auind,ication for Clticago Ita,llians, u,'hottre ofleil made the scdpegoot for tltc;ornrltiort and inefficiency of locaL Politiciansan,d, the easy target of the prejrriice.t of ignorant renophsls.)Tlre Chicago Tri.btme is a great paper.It would be still greater if it had left toothers the hymning of its greatness. Itscredo has been backed by its own claimsoi courage, super patriotism and a wistlompractically omniscient.But just now the Tribune is not boasting.It is eating humble pie.Recently the Tribune printed a longand most carefully prepared review o{the Lingle case, written by one of itsstar men, Philip Kinsley.In the closing sections of the Kinsleyarticle there are admissions little lessthan phenomenally abject. Rememberthat they are made by the "World'sGreatest Newspaper."These arc the amazing admissions:To date no other employee of theTribu,ne has been found to be culp:tblewith Lingle, or with other criminal ordishonorable pursuits. It is also statedthat no one has yet been found to saythat Lingle was know! by any personconnected with the Tribune, belore hcwas riurdered, to l'rave been dishonest.The facts concerning Lingle, his largedeposits oI money, his stock marketgambling and horsc race betting, hrs c-rpenditureso{ money, and what could belearned concerning the source of themoney he obtained, have all been prodncccland made public by 14r. Rathbunthrough State's Attorney Swanson.[Mr. Rathbun is the Tribune:s own attorney,assigned to this investigation afterLingle was killed.lNaturally, since this statement is partof a formal review of the whole case, itis to be accepted as intended to havethe meaning r'vhich in fact, though witl-rstrangc clumsiness, it conveys.Consitler the implications oI rvhat isquoted above. Here was a $65 a rveekreporter, going about in high-priced cars,building a summer home, enjoying longand expensive vacations, one day needinglarge sums of money and the nexthaving more cash on hand than the avcragemillionaire finds it wise to keep withinreach. He rvrote little or nothing forhis paper, and his ielephoned stuff r,vasinsignificant in quantity and importance.And now the rvhole Tribtme staff in effectdeclares-and one must believe thedeclaration-that "nobody has beer-r founclto say that Lingle r,l'as known by anyperson connected with the Tribune tohave been dishonest."It is a magnificent tribute to the organization'ssimple-minded innocence;but what a devastating show it makes ofthat same organization's intelligence IAmong thc hundreds o{ persons inthe paper's employ not one had anyknowledge of the facts about Lingle, oneof its own family circle, though thefacts rvere fairly ciarnoring to be noticed.A major scandal had been developingfor months, right under the noses ofthese I'r'tbune employees. When the fata1shot rvas fired, they spoke in hushedacccnts of Jake Lingle as a rnartyr tcrhis profession. Apparcntll'ther' had notbeen struck by his unexplained prosperitr.,his potent irnder-cover influence, anrlhis continued hoiding of a job in whiclthe actually earned less than the unimportantsalary he drew.Fcrr years the Tri"bune has been askingits readers to give unlimited faith andcredit to rhe conte)rts oI its pages. Ithas alrvays put the lrighest valuation onits own discernment and sound judgnent.Part o{ its appeai for patronagelras been : the Tribune kuows.Brrt norv lve have from the Tribun,e arevised valuation of itself-revised inthe light of an unhappy and revealingexperience. It admits that in a situationr.r'here its own honor was deeply involvedit rvas not observant, not disturbed byfacts that should have troubled it, andthat hut for a sensational murder the unhappytruth about its orvn man wouldstill have evaded its notice.In a word, it now admits that it canbe grievously mistaken.Suppose that such a paper had beenable to defeat the London Naval Treaty.Suppose it had convinced a great constituencythat the Prohibition Amendmentought to be repealed. Suppose ithad brought on, less than five years ago,a serious clash 'lvith I{exico. Supposeit should def eat American entry intcrthe World Court. Suppose it should accomplishthe silencing of the churcheson moral issues,

t-CcncePninq Crl.nel ViqtE have received soman)- requests for additionalinformationconcerning Colonel FrancisVigon whose invaluable aidhelped George Rogers Clarkconquer the Northwest for theUnited States, that it has beendifficult to answer each individualletter. The article bvMr. Giovanni Schiavo, ,,CoionelVigo's Contribution tothe Winning of the Northwest," which appeared in theMarch issue of ATLANTICA,and was widely reprinted anddiscussed, can be supplementedby those interested, bythe consultation of the followingmaterial, which Mr. Schiavohas graciously let us usefrom his liles:BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BOOKSDEALING WITH COLONEL VIG'J.\ND GEORGE ROGERS CLARK'SCAPTURE OF FORT VINCENNES.l. George Bancroft-History of theL-nited Statrs. C.ol. 10, paee f98. Bosr,'rr,ll{75.2. Schialo-The Jtalians in \fissouri,N. Y. & Chicago. 1929. page 3,tr--ll.3. N{arshall John.-Life oi Washing-,on, 180,1, vol. III, page 566.4. Dawson I{oses-Historical narrativeof thc civil and military service,of \4ajor Gen. W. H. Harrison, Cincinrati,182J,5. Western Sun and General Advertiser,Vincerures, llarch 26, 1836.6. C. C. Balwin-A Centennial LawSrrit. \\''estern Resen.e Societv Tracts-No. 35, Cleveland, 1876.7. U. S. Congress-House report No.216. 30rh Corgrcss, Ist scssiorr.8. H. W. Beckwith-History of Vigoantl Parke Counties, Chicago, 1880. -9. W. H. English-The Conquest ofthe country northwest o{ the Ohio river,Indianapolis, i897.10. Judge John Law-Address deliveredbefore the Vincennes Historicaland Antiquarian Society, Feb. 22, 1839.11. Thomas Jefferson, Writings,W^ashington Edition, 1859, vol. 1, pagen3.,12. \1. -O. Ijniilsly,Hist.ory of VigoCounty, Chicago, 1891.13. Federal Courts Reports, 88 U. S.21 Wallace, 648 L. ed. 22:690"1J. Brrrnct Jacoh-Notes on the earll'scttlemeni of the Northrvest territorl:,1847.15. Dunn-Jacob Piatt, Indiana, 1888.16" D" H. M. Smith-Historv of VincennesLlniversitv.-17. Smith, \\r. H.-'Ihe Elistory of theState of Indiana, 1897, page 93.18.,.Rev. H. Alerding-A history oithe Catholic Church in the diocese of\/incennes, lndianapolis, 1883, page 100.19. Winston Churchill-The Ciossing\{acX{illan, pub. about 1901.20. Butler, A" I{ann-Historv of theCommonwealth of Kentucky, Louisville,i834.21. Smith, Z. F.-The History of Kentucky,1892, page 136.22. Collins Lewis-History of Kentucky,Covington, 1874.23. Scharf-History of St. Louis.Philadelphia, 1883, page 176.24. Huck Louis-History of Missouri.Chicago, 1908, page 51-52.'25. Houck Louis-The Spanish Regime,Vol. I, page 182, Chicago, 1909.26. Reynolds, J.-The Pionetr' Historvuf Illinois, Chicago, 1887, page 191.27. Smith, \\i. H.-The - Sr. ClairP_a_pers, Cincinnati, l882, vol. II, pagc495.28. T. Roosevelt-Winning of theNorthwcst, vol. I l, page 68-69.2?. OSg, F. A.-Opening of the Ntississippi.N. Y.. 1901, page-362.. 30. Bryan, E. A.-Indiana's first settlement.31. Dillon, J. B.-History of Indiana,Indianapolis, 1&13, Chap. 12-14.32. Greene-Historv oI Knox Countv.33. Burk, J. D.-Girardin's History ofVirginia, Fetersburg, Va., 1804-1816.34. American State Papers-Foreignrelations, 'r,ol. 6.35. Winsor, .T.-The \\,'estrvard Movernent,Boston, 1897.36. Executive Journal of the lndianaTeritory, r'ol. II, page 126-135.37. Charitv f)yc-Once upon a timein Inriiana.38. Menard Coilection, Tardiveaupapers, Illinois Historical coll., vol. II.39. Russell, I.-Old Vigo.__.l0..Geer, Curtis \4.-The History ofNorth America, vol. 8, page 39.41. Hinsdale, B. A.-The Old Northwest,N. Y., 1899.42. Lossing, B. J.-Field Book of thcItc-volution, N. Y., 1851-2, Vol. II, page2&3.-13. Durrn, J. I'.-Documenrs relatineto the French scttlement of Vincennesllnriianapolis, 189-{..14. Drrnn, J. P.-Father Gilbaut-IllinoisState Historical Library, 1906,Publ. No. 10, pagc 15-3-1.,-1.(. Starkey, D. B.-Gec,rgc RogersClark and his Illinois Campaien, Millukee,1897.46. Thurston, R. C. B.-The characterand achievemcnt oI G. R. Clark. In-,1iana Historical Bulletin, vol. 6, pagc12.47. Forman, S. S.-Narrative of th:journey down the Ohio, Cincinnati, 1888.4"148. Cockr':m, Mi. W.-Pionecr }listorvo{ Indiana, Oakland City, Ind., 190i,page 37.49. D1'es. L..-The conquest.50. Powell, L. P.-Hisioric town oi\\'csrt'rn Stares, 1901. page 185.5'1. Buttcrfield,-C W-.-Hisrory oi9^lark's conquest of Illinois, 1904,- lagc29E.52. Thompson, trI.-Alice oi Old Vincennes.Indianapolis, 1900.53. Oakey, C. C.-Greater TerreHaute arrrl Vigo Countl-, 1908.5-1. Encyclopaedia of the History o I\Iissouri, under Vigo.55. Penalties of Patriorism. A paperread before the Springfield Chaptir-oftl1C {. 4 !., !rringfield, lll., No. 16,191o, by .1. J. Thompson.56. Illinois State Historical Society,\roi. 9, page 401.57. Thwaites, R. G.-How GeorqeRogers Clark won the Northwest, 190J.58. Illinois Historical Collection, vril.I, p"age 2,46.59.-tr{ichigan Historical Collection,lol. 9, page 489.. 60. Clark Manuscripts, Draper Collection,vol. 8, page 33._,61. \Veslern History, by A. B. trIcKee,lYSgklV Times, Vincennes, No.r,. 14,1874.62. The Correspondence and Publicpapers of John Jay.63. \\'iscorrsin Hisrorical Collecriorr,vol. 18. page -106.64. U. S. Senate Rcport 277, 70thCongress, lSt Session, Calendar No. 287.65. U. S. Congress-Public RcsolutionNo. 21, 70th Congress.66. U. S. House of Rep. Report No.1386, 70th Congress, lst Session._ 67. Alvord, C. \V.-Virginia and theW.!t. lfississippi Valley HistoricalReview, r,ol. 71, pagc 3,1.68. Hearing before the Joint Committeeon the Library Congress of theU. S. S. J. Resolution 13d and H. I.Res. 307, Jan. 18, 1927.69. Indiana, 7779-1929-Published bv'[he Board of I'ublic Prinring and ThtIndiana Historical Bureau.70. I'roceedings of rhe Ninth .AnnualIndiana Historl. Confcrence, Indianapolis,Dec. 9-10, 1927 in Indiana llisto^ricalBulleiin, Extra No. 2, April,192R7i. Revierv of Palmer's book in Kansas,(-ityJournai Post. July 7,1929.72 J. A. James-T.i fe of George Rogcrs(-lark,192R.7-:1. JoLlrnal of tr4innesota HistoricalSocietv, \'Iarch, 1929.75. Buck, S. J.-fdinnesota HistoricalQuarterly Revicw, Xlarch, 'l929.76. George Rogers Clark-The captrrrcuf Old Vinc,:nnes, edited hy II. \lQuaife, Indianapojis, 1927.77. I. C. Randall-Gcorge R. Clark'sservice of supply. Mississippi HistoricalRevierv, December, 1921.78. John T. Faris-The l{c,nrance ofForgotten Men, 1928.79. Bodley Temrr:-George RogersClark, 192,6.

(X .,"t:,'l:"Winneps ln Atlontico's Lnttnn Oo,,tnrtFIRST PRIZE OF $10To the Editor of ArleN:nca:One thing Atrextrce is doing.r.i,iilr', end ithich I think is extremell'is to have an article in""--e"dahle. .".1v ir.r" on some littie known Italian*tio"tr"t had an enormous part to playi" -the upbuilding of America' Theof^ \'Ir' Schiavo and \'{r. Maroila"itictei harle opened the eyes of many ltalians't-ltti" aia they know previouslv horvimnortanl ltalians have bcen to Amerlca'Goine beck as far as the ]Iarch numr'"t-*-i?h its artjcle on the indispensablet"t" nf Colonel Vign in George Rogerstliuit 'r cuttquest of-the Northwest, therehas been an article of this kind in everyi.*"- and to me, they are the most im-;;;i;.i ind the moit intcrestins that,r rnagazirre of the tlpe of ATlaxrrcacould 'l-rave. Then there are the others :g*.t.i Francis B. Spino-la;- F-atherlnsonh \I. Cataldo: -\ntonio Gallenga'rna-'natlct Giuscppe Rosati, the firstRishon of St. Louis. These men werearl-i-t're subjects of individual biographicalarticles.Yet it seems to me that there areitatia"t in this country right now lvhoari almost as important and as poweri;i;t th. men referred to above' Itivould be a fine thing for Arr-aNrrcaii"if-l.'e.e to have alticles about theitrides taken by Italians in the last fewr="ir"ir business, finance. politics- andirt. Certainlv there is enough subJectmatter to draw uPon.Tit.n, 1.o, it seems to me that ltaly,as such, ,locs not receive sufficient.altentionin the pages of your magaz-lne\\'hy nor comment editorially on lta.llan.,malt., ut you now do, or- less'r)n Italian--A'merican attatrs -more i 1\lan-\italian-American youths in this countryi""a-io be jgnorant of what is going-on;n"itt" .ounjtl' of their ancestors'. be-;;"r;- lack ol reading material"i.onLhe subiect. Ti ^{rreNrrce;h* reaches";i;;;setreration (and I know it,ioesi it.r.uld d. rvell to keep belot'eiir".; til gin'y ""athe u'orth oI theirancestrYE*t ffv,SECOND PRIZE OF $5To the Editor of Ar:r-exrrce:- There is no more important and use--i"i r..tlo" in Arraxrrca than that called;iii"--it"ii""r in the United States "L;;; h;i. i felt thc nced oI actual;"..ii"..i' oI th. ptogt.ss of the Italia:ri"." i.-ittitcountr)"'with which to conii""i^-tti"i. rvho''shake their headswhcnever thev happen to come across acrime reDort l'ith an Italian name coni"ir"i-tti.*i", and rvho sav somethirrgi;'ih" ";ff;;t-' (w-trat utter -ignor.ancc !)iri"i i--ie."tion laws are a good thirrgrJ should be made more severc' to[.Jo Lui itt.re "un',r'elcome" clemenrs int"'ih" he'Antcrican Population.iolr.t ini conscientious Italran,Ar A'nounceJ in the Julg 1..r"dividual Italian names in crime reports.But the assertion on this part of the.comoaraliveraritv oI thesc occurrences lsmeaninsless unless backed up hv actualinstancEs. l'his is where your admirablesection comes in. I have already shownit to a number of my friends t'ithoutanv further exPlanation, and I canhonestlv stv that they now have a nerrrcsfcct for me and my priceless heritltr:i:of Italianity.Then. too. I myself had no iclea ofthe extent to which the members of myrace had penetrated into all 6e1ds o{American 1ife. It fills me with justifiablelride. besides keeping me acqttaintedrvirh actiiities with which all lteliansshould be familiar. I think ever-r' Italianin the United States should have a cop-vof ArllNrrce on his parlor table. Atan\. rate. it is priceless to me, and "Keepup- the good rvork" is my earnest sugsestion.'lliss L. AgogliaClopiague, Long Island.THE FOLLOWING 3 I-ETTERSRECEIVE A YEAR'S SUBSCRIP.TION TO ATLANTICATo the Editor of Arr-aNnca:"The poiicy of ArraNrrce is to keeprhe cult irred, discriminatine reader in-Iormctl 'nith timely and authoritive articleson the more important events ofthe day." The July issue of your esteemedpublication proved to me that thearticles -ouhlished are in keeping withplace before your Iaithfulrhe policy ]'oureaders.Howelcr. thLre $ils one art;cle entitled."Ttaly's Grievances' TowatdFrrance" br, Dominick Lamonica, wthich,in mv ooin jon. \'as the most timelY,interesting and authorilative arlicle yetorrirlishcd I'v ArteNtICe.'fIr.Lamonica, sPeaking on the im-Dortance ,'f rhe qrrestjon says. "The arientiono; the rvhole world has beenbronsht to bea:- on thc strained relationsl,etl#en Itely and France. a ri'r-alry*'hich touchei on many spheres."And then he goes on to exPlain hiscontentions iu a most unbiased andcalm manner. It is truly one articlethat I have read u''ith the utmost pleasureand edification.From the very outset trdr' Lamonicaholds the readerts interest and he keepsit to the vcrv end.Tust what hre the grievances betueenItilr' and France? Just rvhat is causing\'Iuisolini to come out so oPeniy inhis denunciations of the enterprises ofsome of the neighboring countries ?\\rhat is it that is making editorialrrriters of some of our American dailiessav of trIussolini that his speeches ate"warlike" ?And the reader reads on and on, absorbedin the minutest details of thesreat ouestion. The inFormatite characrerol the article is such that the readeris caoahle of discussing this vital quesrionwillr his friends shr'uld the occasionfor atgumcnt ariseI'Ir. Lamoniia's article was intetestingWHAT DA YOU THINK?A)in that he manipulate-d subject matter.insrrch a uay as to make it comprehensivein its entirety. Timely, insof ar as itis the question, the one vital question.rvhich his European po'litics in a tangleirom which it seemingly cannot ernergervithout serious consequences, Authoriratite.in that it piesents facts-thetruth-theis to say, nf course' the, averagc"'ni.f, it"tiin.t"o*t-duite well that the reptt-;;;i;;'oi -ttte 'whole ltalian rac-e .isieopardized by the appearance ot ln-which stamps a publication as trustlvorthy._.::- . .These,choosingcsting inEnglishall-impoitant qualificationin brief- afe'riy reasons- fbrthis 'article as the most inter.the Tulv issue of Arr-aNrrce-Dominick J. UnsinoEdit'or, La Follia di Nelv York._:==::_:-To the Editor of AttrNrrc.l:There is something about Au-aNrrc'tu,hich no other attempt at an ltalian-American magazine has been able to accomolish.That is the cultured standardof its articles and departments. Itassumes. not without justification, thatits readers are sufficiently educated aqdintellisent enoush not to require bi-1a..."p"g" layou"ts or light, cheap trashsuch ai is to-be found in many Americanmagazines. It places its emphasison the "worth of its articles and itsrvriters. and not on eye-catching devices.\nd vet it is an attractive, tasteful publication.one which I display proudly onrnr- $'aiting room table.'\[crel1''lr-v its higher standard Arr..cNrtce-sholtr'sthat its readers are alsoof good cultural calibre, thereby-. rciutirisrhe claims of cvnics who beliercthat ihe number of cultured Italians irLthis countrv is small.\\'ith artlcles like "Italv's GrievancesAsainst France" and departments likcrh"et oi "The Jtalians in the Unitc,iiiri"r.'t .\rr-ewr tc.q, is a m4g4",L!e thatcan comDare in rvorth--frith ScriBner's'Haroer's' and the Atlantic l{onthll'.Thai is my - opinionDr. Antonio llagliozzi, Somerville, \Iass'To rht -Lilror oi .{ l't..q\rt, -rUnrlorrbtedll' the best article in theTrrlv issuc o f Arr.rxrrc.'r rvas that bv'.\i'. l-a-oni.^, on the suLjcct q! "ltqlv':Grievances Asainst France." trIuch hadl,een said in the -Amerjcan press abourihe matter. but invariably it rvas witha rro-French bias. America, it seems,k.,.,rrs Ftance more than she knowsiiulu,- nnd probal'h', too. it belieteseveirlthins that the artful Briand sa1-s''Ihe'con.iquence is that ^\mericans areinformed on the reasons rvhy Francedoes thinss. I'ut not Italj'.lIr. Lamonjca clears up the matter'\Vithout heat, calrnly and dispassionately,he shorr's thc reasons "r-hy.Italyii unsatisFcd with present conditions.iihu she is the onlt: collntrt to ha'r'e.'.lrsed a viclor fiom the War witlrfr"t i"ust claims unsatisfied. and why a1r,r'esent she is tendine to align he.rscll*:iit"' rt.re defeated and also unsatisfiedc()rlntries of EuroPe..If Arlanrlca continues to have articlesof this sort, I, for one, u'ill readir rvith oleasure everY montb.Edmund t'(ffiYl.uI:l,ra

t-r'^r1Th'ir{lt. li.ns in thn LJ nitnJ St.tn,'f HE tlunorous lttblicitl'tuillr t,hiclt sonte ltalian critnc.; ltut,e beert rngnilied of late it, the doily press may leadt 1111ittf orntcd rcadcr.s to bclievc lltot sonteho'a attd sotncttltere tlterc ntust be..sr.tntetlting u,rong .rsith the Italians,tt lltr ( 'rritcrl ,9/rrle.r.It[/tlhout tlel'ring here inlo the catt.se.E t]rct lie at Ihe root oi dclloroble uctiaities ott the !art of in.clivid,u.als of ItaIio.n,blood one is .rafe irt asserting lhat an o-L'crLt)helnriltg ntojoritt'' ol .ruch crintes is tlte outgroutk of tke tnalad.iustnrcntst o enair ontnental c ond,itions.On tlte other h.and. for eaerl ltalian u:Ito il1oycaince disregard for tlte la'tc, tltere orc tltousancls rdto can be regordedas atorth! members of society.In this i.t.rue -lTLAN'l-IC-1 continuc.; to sup!Iy ils reatler.t it'ith a iltonti11-r' .ri'c/iorr dei,tttcd lo Italion uctiz.rities in,lh( Llnited Stote.t. Facts speak so u,cll f or them.s-el'c,cs tlt'ttt ouc tte cLl not Itc ct lroittcd sr.rcir.r/ogisl to n.otice tlt,e ,ttea.dt,,ci,en. oduance of Italia,tt.t in all fi,elds of end,eaz'or:"l-he only qualif.cation requ.ired in the interfretotion, of r/lc.rr ./r.-ils i.r tr httotdctlge of the contlitiorts su.rroutdinllItalian immiqration anrl seltle mettt i,n the United Statc.t.READER,S ARE INI/]TED TO SEND IN ITE].IS OF 'REAL LI,'ORTH FOI? POS.'/BLE LJSE 1.\ THES-ECOLL|]INS. PHOTOGRAPHS I,I/ILL ALSO BE IYELCOME.D,bli. Lif"With the time for filing designatingpetitions with the Board of Elections foiNew York City having expired, amon5lthe cancliclates rvlio are running for positionson their various part_v atfiliationsare the Iollowing Iraliarri. ld in number.(12 Republicans ancl :l Democrats) :F. H. La Guardia. Republican 'candi.tlate to succeed himseif as Congressmanfrom \{anhattan's 20th CongressionalUistrict, who u-ill Iq,,pposed L,V \-. K..\uleta, Democrar. irom tlre same District.Another Italian Cor.rgressior.ralcanciidate is \L R. flatreo, Ripublican.of llanhattan's 13th Congressional Distrlct.For the \ies'York State\;irdone, of Brookll'n's 9thSenate. JamesDistrict, anrlTlre lorvn r.rl Rc,setr.l, itr NortharnptorrCourrt-v, Perusylvania. can boast of beingthe only one in America whose popu-Joseph H. RLrftolo. oi the Bronr's 21stDistrict, both oi n'hom are' Republicans,ate also etlelerl-Thcre ;rrc riine ltalian candidatcs iorStatc -A.ssembly positions. Of thc Dcnro,crats, therc are J. V. tr{angano, of Brookll'n's8th Assembly District, and J. G.Arnbro, of the same borough's 19th llis,trict. The Italian Republican candidatesfor the Assembll' are \I. Romagnano, of\Ianhattan's l2th Assembly District; V.J. Tira)rasso, uf the Bronx's lst AssenrblyDistrict; Peter Ullo, John Gallo.Fred I)e Piano and Yincent P. \Iusso,of Brookller's 8th, 13th, 14th, and 19th-\ssembll' Districts, respectively; anrlAnthonl- Corinna, oi Queen's 1st Assembil,'District.Then there arc J. F. Caponigri, Denro,crat, of Nerv York Countl''s 6th District,l.ho is running for llunicipal Court Jus.tice; ancl Leonard A. Galante, Republican,running for Alclerman in the samecorruty's 1st District.-\mong the Socialist candidates there;rrc Domenico Sauclino, running for Cor.rgressirr }{anhattan's 13th CongressionalDistrict : anrl J oscph F Vio1a. rulningf or the State Assemblv in I-Jrookh'n's1 Ttlr Assembly District.lation is 10{l/o ltaliar. And what is aisoremarkable, is the fact that the entircpopulation of the toivn has either migrate

4+ATLANTICA, SEPTEMBER, 1930Judge Amadeo Bertini, president ofCourt of Assizes of New York County,left last month for a vacation in Italyrvith his family.T'he first ltalian to have become As--sistant United States District Attorneynas Gasper J. Liota, now a New YorkCity trfagistrate. Born in Italy in 1881,he was taken to this countrf in i892,where, after studying in the schools. hereceived an LL. B. from the Nerv Yorkl-arv School in 1903 and was aclmitteclto thc Bar in thc same year. It u-as in1917 that, aftcr a successful larv career,lrc became Assistant U. S. District Atiornc]',operllug the rval'{or the otherllalian-. u'ho are now Assistant District,\ttorncls in New Yolk and Brookh'rr.ll, rlas firsl appoirrterl fr,r Iris presirrlpositiorr as Citl' tr{agistrate by- l'[a1-orH1'lan in 1921 for a pcriod of 8 months,ind then, in 1922, for the full period oftert Jears. uhich he is now servirrg.Irr addition, lIagistrate Liota has ]'eerra member of his locai school board fortlvo years, a County Committeeman, antla delegate for the Democratic Convcntionheld in California w'hich renominatedWoodrorn'Wilson. He is also a memherof the Brooklyn Elks, the Forestcrsof America, the Court of Garibalcli, arrrltlre Knights of Columbus.So.iol lnrfitufion.The Santa l{aria Institute o[ Cincilnati,Ohio, reputcd to be the largestItalian soci:ri ce nter in the UnitedStates, recentlv conmemorated thc firstannivcrsarr. of the death o{ one of itsiour-rdcrs, Siste.r Justina.Thc Massachusetts Grand Lodge oithe Orcler of the Sons of ltalv in -'\merical;rst rnnnth hcl,l its 18th.{rrnuel C(,n\enlionjn Salem, -\Iass. Over 160 delegatesircirn the various lodges throughout thestalc i)rcsented their crcdentials to thccornmittec in charge, presided over br,tr{r. Frank Abbadessa.trIayor G. J. Bates of Saiem spoke atthc opening meeting, rvelcomir.rg the rlelegates,and this rvas io11ol-ed b1'a paradeo[ olcr 3000 n'rembers of the Orclcr. Aprize u'as au'ardecl to the Giuseppe f{azzinibdge, headcd b1' \{a1'or Andreu' A.t'asassa, oi Rcr-erc, \iass., rl,hich h:rdthe greatest number of members prescrlt.The n.rembers of the Lodge's executivecomn.rittee are : Vincent Brogna,Grarirl \rcnerahiie: 14ichaei A. Fleclo. -\ssistantGrand Venerabile ; Judge GiuscppeE. Zottoli, ex-Grancl Venerabile; JosephGorrasi ; Nazzareno Toscano; ,IoscphBarcsi ; Feclerico De Franccsco ;.A.lexaurler J. Drinkri atcr; Mrs. AdclinaRicci;John J. Rocco;Alphonse J. Gaglio1o;and \Irs. \fargherita Pastelle.The Society of Vittorio Emanuele IIIof New Haven, Conn., presided over bvVincent De Laurentis, last month helcla banquet to celebrate the 25th anniversaryof its founding.The Italians of the St. Ambrose parishof Irorrlvood, X.'{ichigan are making aspecial drive for frrnds rvith which topurchase silver bells for the new Church.The drive is under the auspices of tl'reSocieta Piave.One o{ the 6rst of Binghamton's (N.Y.) Italian immigrants, Mr. Peter T.Campon, r.'ho came to this country in1887, has been making a series of weeklyIuncheon speeches in his cor-umunity tcll-ing of Italy's contributions to world civiiization.In a recent lecture, his theme\vas a plea for greater understanding onthe part of American citizens for- hiscountrymen. In another, before the 1ocalRotary Club, one of his sentencesrvas significant: "We never hear of anItalian being ridiculed by any Americ1nrvho lives on a high mental plane."Concrete evidence was offered bv trfr.Campon to substantiate his sta.fementthat the great majority of Italians in thiscountry are sober, industrious and lo1'alcltlzens.Pretious to his departurc for Iralvl,rr a lrrirf vacali'rlt, ihe Italian CorrstilGeneral in Chicago, tr{r. Giuseppe Castruccio,was the guest of honor zrf a banquetgiven by Messrs. Costantino Vitelloand Pietro llaggiore. l'lro olTerecl thcX{icnaBr A. FnBnofinancial assistance of the Italo-AmericanNational Union for the eartl'rquake victirnsof Italy up to the surn of 100,000lire.The Rev. Father Pietro \{ichetti,[orruder and pastor for man-r']'ears.itbe church of San Donato of West Philadelphia,has been named a member ofthe chapter of the Basiiica di San Pietroin Vaticano, by order of His Holiness,Pope Pius XI.Ersiners, Dnofnr.ionr,EI inonce'fhe annual report of the Transamerica(iorporation, the world's largest bankholdingcompany, founded by A. P. Giannini,issued iast month to its 185,000stockholders shows that its assets totalecl$1,167,116,000 at the end of its fisca1 yi:ar.Its consolidated net profit for 1929 r,,i,'as$67,316,000, equivalent to $6 a share onstock outstanding on Dec. 31.At about the same time, the listing ofthc stock of the Transamerica Corporati'llon the Neu' York Stock Exchang,.,as requestecl by the corporation, was apirrovedby the Board of Governors ofthe Exchange. The ruling applies toapproximately 24,800,000 shares of Trinsarnericastock, with a par value of about$25 each. Only five other corporationshave listed on the Exchange a volume oishares in excess of 20 millions.A. P. Giannini himself, chairman ofthe board, recently arrived in New Yorkfrom Europe, and set a record for fasrtravel between Europe and San Francisco,getting there a rveek after havingleft Cherbourg.'lhc ltalian Stores Corporation, ofPhiladelphia, Pa., recentl5. ,:peneci its21st store in that city. Mr. Peter Campan_ellais presidenl of the corporation,errrl it u'as only two 1'ea.s ago tlrat helrcgarr lris chain store enterprisc. TIrcstorcs dcal irr foods and groceries.The 4lba Grape and Fruit Conrpanl'of Sal Fra,ncisco, founded 20 years- agoirl- A1"*"n0.. L. Podesto, rvho recent-lydied rvhile on a business trip to Nel.York, l-ras recentiy borrght -310 moreacres ol cultivated land for $250,000,from _the Eastern Fruit Co. nhose presirlentis \[r. Fred Ferrugiaro. Tlris pur.-chase brings the companv's total lindlrolrlings in ,the San ioaiuin Valley tortture than 1800 acres. making it on-e oFthe largest companies o{ its kind in Caliicrnia._\\rith the death oi \{r. Podesto,th.e. leadership of the company probablyu'ill devoh,e upon llr. Dante Forresti,iiltimale fricn,l arr,l I'irrtner oi the latep reslclen t.The Italian-Arnerican Business tr{en's.'\ssociation oI Bronx County has recentl1'made public the report of its activitiesin the past 1'e:rr, tcigclher nith plans forthe coming year. Comm. EmanGlc Grazzi,Italian Consnl Gerrcral in Ncrv york,has becr.r elected Honorarl,. President oftlre Associatiorr.Thc Niagara Natioral B:urk of Brr[-f:rlo w_as reccntly cstablishe,l at \iag;rr.a:rrr,l Hudson streets of that citv. 'lrhei:.:rcrv.building u as desigrrerl lrl tic lralian:rrchitect Pasqua)c Cinrini ind lrrrilt bvrhe Ttaliau contractors Bellarrca antI Sor]-si. The ofificers of the net' bank are asfollotvs: Carmelo Grrgino. chairman otthe Board of Directors ; Charles J. llartina,President; AugLrst I-ascola airrl Carl\\r. Wcnget, Vicc-Presiclents: and llilfordH. Wl-ritmer, casl.ricr.. Dr. Cono Ciuffia, of Chicago, wl-ro forthe past two years has I'een SurgicalDirector of the Buffalo Ciry Ftospital,has been appointecl as Prolesior of Surgeryat the Medical School of Nortir-\\'estern L-niversirl irr ( lricae,,.Dr. Frank W. D'Andrea of New Haverr.Conn.. has bcen appoirrted Direcrorof the StanrIord (Conn.) Hospital. Dr-.D'Andrea \tas born and bre,i in NcrvHaven, having made his studies at YaleUniversity. He is 24 years old.._The Brunswick Clinic, oI Jersel.Cilr'.\ J., a h.spital organizcrl urr,l,.r Italianguidance. rvas recerrtly opere(1. At itshead are Drs. A. Cervone, C. D'Amico,Nicholo -A.rena anrl A. Roberticello.The Italian Gardencrs' Association ofStockton, California, recently celebratedthe 28th anniversary o{ its founding.For the construction of thc ncw FairfieldState Hospital to be built at Newtown,. Conn., the Abbadessa Brothers,r,vell known New Haven contractors,submitted the lowest offer, the sum of$870,000. The firrn of Abbaclessa Bros.

ATLANTICA, SEPTENIBER. 1930 45rrilItalian Savings Bankof the Ciry of New YorkUnica Cassa di Risparmio Italiana autorizzata evigilata dal Drpartimento Bancario dello StatoFONDATA NEZ 189627 CLEYELAND PLACE(Angolo di Spring e Lafayette Streets)Succursalc di Harlem:204 East 116th StreetRimess€ di denaro in tutte le parti delmondo a mezzo tratte e vagliapostali e telegraficiORARIO:-Tutti i giorni (moo i {estivi) dalle10 ant. allc 3 pom, Il Sabato dalle 10 allc 12 m.Il Lunedi dalle l0 ant. alle 9 pom.Attipito': oltte 34 nrjlioni ili ilollafirctidesti ltoi Nm Yorh possono d,epositare amazo "Morey-Order!' o "Chcqucs" intcstatiall' Itslian Saaings Banh.IDlstinctlve Personal StationerlrSTA'IIONRRY REFI,ECTS PtrRSON'ALrTY, CHOOSDrT .{S YOU WOULD YOUR PERSONAL APTARELllen and pomen uho can uell aflord to pay morc preJer tr'ifthAoenue Stationery because oJ its supetior qwulityand, moderote priceMonogram or Name and AddressLike Die Engravilg-l,ustrous Raised Letters(Not Printeil)ln Black, Blue or GreenLTNEN OR VFI,LLTM FINISH PAPEfd, Club Size 6a/+x31/zIOO SINGLE STIEETS and IOO envelopee, tenered, and IOO $.)plain rheers OR 1OO folded sheets and IOO envelopoe, letrered !Paper Colors: French Grey or \ffhite.nemit uith order, shipped, im a veek postpaidadd25c uest ol Miss.FIFTH AVENUE STATIONERS505 Fifth Avenue Dept. AA, New YrokOther exquisite Etationery ai $2 anil $3Vrite lor samples, also new nlonogr.rnl iledgnsSaoe MoneyBUY DIRECTFROMManufacturer andImporterEmbroideredSilk ShawlNo. 36 Exquisitely desienedSparrish shawl made of - thefinest quality crepe de chineand embroidered in beautifulc,,lored floral t.lesigns wirh puresilk. Size 54 in. square withl8 in. hand tied silk frinee.All colors.Price $8.00 EACHItalianImportedBedspreadNo. 101 A genuine woven bedspreadwhose beautiful designancl fine workmanship stanpthis as a rvorthy addition toany home. Full double bedsize rvith 3" heavy silk fringeborder on long sides. Colors;blue, gold, pink, rose, darkrose, orc'hid, maize, peach,Price $3.95 to"ttSPANISH LACE MA,NTILLANo.90 A per{ect reproduction of a very cost'ly importafion.\\ioven by a special process that prevents stretching or runningthus giving unlinited wear and satisfaction. All colors.Price $3.95 EACHMaiI Orders FilleilLEWIS IMPORTING CO.Dept. A-2141Fifth Ave. New York CityE. CERRUTII Harrison St.o New Yorko N. Y.SOL]] AGENT'lornmaso Xloro & Figli, Genova - Olive OilIrabb. Italiana 6. Sanguinetti - Trieste - Arrchovies.Societi Esp. l:tlenghi Lombardo - CodognoCheese.Fratelli Fulvi .,Vit€rbo - Genuine PecorinoRomano.Soc. An. VICTORIA - Torre Annunziata Cen--traie - Peeled Tomatoes.Roqudort, Corgonzola, South Awericaw cheese,as uell as other iffiportailt shippers of Suisscanned good.s, Cltocolates, etc.Make sure of getting everyissue of .A,TLANTICA.-A,skyour news dealer to reserve acopy for you.-Or, betterstill, send in your subscriptionfor a year. For your conveniencea blank ig printed onPage 2.COLUMBUS TITLE & TRUST CO.FRAN( Dr Benenorxo, PRESTDENTPHILADELPHIA, PA.BROAD STRDET OtrFICE1835 SO. BROAD STREETCHRISTIAN STREET OFFICE621 CHRISTIAN STREETWEST PEII-ADELPEIA OIFICE632E VINE STREETFRANK DI BERANDINO,DTSTRTCT GEXAIIL TASSTXCET ACtttNAVIGAZIONE GBNERALE ITALIANAE21 CarlsrrlH STTEET, PirLrDBrgrt. Pr.

46ATLANTiCA, SEPTEMBER, i93Ois composed of three brothers, Carmelo,Salvatore, and Giovanni.Recently the seventh anniversary ofthe founding of Chicago's only Italianlife insurance company w'as celebrated.The Modern Life and Insurance Co., of51 Milwaukee Avenue, Chicago, has assetstotaling $6,134,000. Mr. RalphManno is its founder and president.Dr. Pasquale Corrca of Providence, R.I., rvas eiected president of the r\,IalpighiNledicai C1ub, which is composed of ltalian-Americandoctors of Rhode Island,at a recent banquet of the organization.Prof. Alfonso De Salvio of Brown Universitywas the principal speaker of theevenlng.Mr. Antonio Cavalli, secretary of theQueens North Shore Chamber of Commercein New York Cit5,, 1un. recentll'appointed regronal director for the improvementof Queensboro. lle succeedsto the office le{t vacant by the resignationof Mr. Clarencc NL Lou,s, presitlentof the Chamber of Clommercc.EJr.olion onJ Cuhr"nThe founder of the city of BulTalo rvasan Italian by the name of Paoli Busti,according to the researcl'res of \{r. Ferdinandol,{agnani, r,r'hich have been conductedor.er a long periocl of timc, anclwhose evidence is well documented.The eminent Italian lr'riter ancl critic,Prof. Emilio Cecchi, recently arrived it.rNew York on his way to thl Universityof Berkeley, California, where he rvas irLvitedto deliver a course in thc histcirl,of Italian art. From California Prof.Cecchi wili go to Nlexico, lvhere he hasbeen invited by the Univelsity of MexicoCity to conduct'a course in art and literaturc.Professor Enrico De Negri, of thcUniversty o{ Rome, gavc a lecture iastmonth at thc Casa Italiana on "'lhcLyrical Motive in the Poetry of GabrieleD'Annunzro." Professor De Ncgrihas conducted a course in Italian literatureat Colnmbia Univcrsity duringthe past summer,Five Italian high school girl graduatesof New Yolk City have receir-ed the goldmedal award of the Girls' Branch of thePublic Schools Athletic League, for havingparticipated in after-school athleticsduring their entire high school course.They are the iollowing: -Nliss Lucia Formentali,of Evander Childs; Miss IdaLamparelli and Miss Rose Colosimo, ofJames Monroe; X{iss Liberta Costa, ofBushwick; and Miss Fulvia Mombello,of Newtom.Among the recent graduates fromHunter College was Miss Linda Allegri,who won a scholarship for having obtainedthe highest honors in mathematics.Mr. Giuseppe Quintavaile, who recentlywon a first prize gold medal for excellencyin all his studies at St. RegisHigh School, has now won, in competitionwith other students, a scholarshiplor Fordham University.Mr. Frank V. Itri, of Brooklyn, N. Y.,recently won a first prize gold medal atSt. John's College, where he is studying,for highest efficiency in all his subjects.The Regents of the University ofWashington, in Seattle, Wash., recent-1y announced the addition to their teachingstaff of Mr. Piero Orsatti, the tenor,r,r''ho has been appointed professor of belcanto in the University's Department ofArts.Another sluderrt 1o rvin a urriversitl'scholarship recently was NIr. NicholasSatro, of 58 Church St., Lynn, Mass.,who has won a scholarship for HarvardUniversity. When trdr. Sano received thener,vs, he $ras at the C. M. T. C. at FortMcKinley, \4aine, for the summer.'Ihe first three volumes of Dr. RichardOffner's scholarly and authoritative"Corpus of Florentine Painting," pub-Lished by the College of Fine Arts of Nern'York Unir-ersity, will appear late thisaLltumlr. Dr. Offner began his Florentinestuclies 16 -vears ago, and the completelr,ork is to comprisc 30 r'olumes.Snt eno AN loNrt,lr\fiss Galanti o{ B1oomfie1d, N. J., wholast year rvon a popularity contest conductedby the New Jersey ltalo-American,\\ras recently awarded the first prizeoffered by the Italian-American RepublicanClub of B1oomfie1d for high mat'ksin the study of ltalian. Second prizervas arvarded to tr1liss Lena De Gennaio.Fin" Ant.Maestro Edoardo Sacerdote, of Chicago,has been appointed as one of the directorsof the Chicago Conservatory ofMusic. Born in Turin, Italy, Mr. Sacerdotehas been in this country for ;natryyears. He has been Assistant Directorof the Chicago Civic Opera Orchestra,and for many years has directed the vocalschool of the Chicago Conservatoryof Music.A new Italian opera entitled "L'Amoredi Madre", written by two wellknownItalians, will have its world premiereat the Academy of Music, Philadelphia,in October. The libretto of theopera has been written by Florio Mancini,noted Italian lyric poet, and the musicby Maestro Carlo Nicosia, celebratedmusical director and instrractor.Severo Antonelli,i the noted artistphotographerof Philadelphia, recentllireldan exlribition of his prize-winrrirrgprints at the Photographic Cuild otPhiladelphia. At the private view hegave a lecture on photography and alsodiscussed his photographs, giving informationon his selection and arrangementsof subjects, his manner of workingand methods of obtaining the desiredresults.N{r. Antonelli u'as recently au,arded aSilver Medal at the Fourth InternationalPhotographic Salon of Tokyo, Japan.In competition with three hundred photographers,coming from difierent partso I the world, Antonelli's meritoriousprints, w-hich included pictorial, portraitand illustrative studies, were selected forthe honorable alvard.Last fall, in competition with a groupof some two hundred exhibitors at theThird International Salon of Antwerp,Belgium, the young photographer wasalr'ardecl their first prize gold medal ina field that contained over eight hundredp i ctures.\f ichael Visaggio of Textile HighSchool, Nlanhattarr, and Nlaurice Zubrcrano,of No,vtown High School,Queens, lvere two of the winners recentlyof art scholarships awarded bythe School Art League at the MetropolitanMuseum of Art. The scholarshipseach provide for one year of studyat either the New York School of Fineand Applied Art, or Pratt Institute.From newspapers from Rome comesthe in{ormation tl-rat the young ltalian-American sculptor, Archimede Giacomantonio,was highly successful at therecent Exhibition o{ Young Artists, inwhich he was represented by four of hisworks, one in marble, another in terracotta, and two in bronze. His Majesty the1{ing o{ Italy was one of those who attendedthe exhibition and admired ther'vorks of Giacomantonio, whose parentslive at 514 Jersey Avenue, Jersey City.Acquisition of four plays by Luigi Pirandello,Italian dramatist, was announcedlast month by the Shubert office.The plays were secured bV J. J.Shubert, rvho returned from a tripabroad last u'eek. He met Plrandelloin Paris.Tu'o of the Pirandello plays are completedand two are in the process of being.,vritten. The pair already finished, theFnglish titles of which are "Tonight WeImpror.ise" and "As You Wanl Me,"rvi11 probably be produced here this season.The production date of the othersdepends upon the length of time requiredf or their completion. Their titlei aregiven as "The Giants of the Mountain"and "When You Are Somebodv.""Tonight We Improvise" usei a "planredaudience"of actors to heighten itsimpression of extemporaneousness andcauses them to voice their discontentwith the performance.Spont,A slightly-built youngster weighing notmore than a hundred pounds, but capableof driving a golf ball much further

ATLANTlCA, SEPTE\TBER, i93O1tSOUTHERN PACIFIC LII{ESILa sola Compagnia esercente linee proprie da:New York a New Orleans, Houston, San Antonio, El Paso e lealla California - Nevada - Oregon - Texas - New Mexicoa mezzo delle seguenti Vie a scelta:"SUNSET ROUTE" Via Washington-New Orleans a destinazione (tutta ferrovia)"SUNSET ROUTE" per piroscafo a New Orlens indi per Ierrovia a destino."GOLDEN STATE ROUTE" via Chicago-El paso."OVERLAND ROUTE' via Chicago-ogderrCoste del PacificoLouisianaSOUTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD OF MEXICO negli Stati di Sonora - SinalcaTepio.SOUTHERN PACIFIC ATLANTIC STEAMSHIP LINE - Morgan LineServizio passeggeri da New York a New Orleans. -Servizio merci da New York a New OrleaasGalveston & Houston.Cohrcid.enze e SAN FRANCISCO del servizio TRANS-PACIFICO per destinazioni in:CINA - GIAPPONE.INDIA. AUSTRALIA. NUOVA ZELANDA - HAWAIIPer informazioni, biglietti, f,oli, polizze dirette, opuscoli gratis, rivolgersi o:S. A. Bnrzzorrsr Ksusrsv & Mrrrsounx-Agenti Gmerali-Grxovr, Via Roma 8a.-Te1.55578-Telegtrltusounr.Bnlzzorrsr Ksusrny & Mrlr.sourx-Mrrrro, Via Durini 34-Tel. 70-205-Teleg. Mrusourn.id.id. Tonruo, Via Lagrange 23-Tel. 45096-Teleg. Mtnrounx.id.id. Roue, Piazza di Spagna, 28-Tel. 2467-Teleg. Rrvrs.Nrw Yoar-H. H. Gnav, Gm. Agcnt.-165 Broadway-S. C. Curr.es, Gen. Freight Agent.New O*rrrs-W. C. McConurcr, Gen. Pass. Agent.-Paa Americaa Building.Los Axenes-C. L. IIcFeur, Ass. Pass. Tr. Mamger.-Pacific Eletric Bldg.S-rx FraNcrsco-F. S. McGrNrrs, Pass. Tr. Manager.-Southern 732 P. Bldg.LOVE NESTTHE ORIGINAL 5c NUT ROLLSOLD WHEREVER CANDY IS SOLDTHE EUCLID CANDY COMPANYBROOKLYN, N. Y.Joseph Personeni, fnc.Ep496 - 498 West Broadztay, New Yorkecialiti ftalinne

--**1+8ATLANTICA, SEPTEMBER, 1930than man;r of double his weight, WillieTurnesa, 15-year-old Fairview caddie,won the annual \try'estchester cacldiechampionship at the Leewood Golf Ciubof 1'uckahoe, N, Y., last month.Young Turnesa, u'ho is one of sevenbrothers, the most noted of whom is Joe,prof essional at the Elmsford Club andrunner-up to Bobby Jones in the OpenChampionship at Scioto in 1926, led thefield with a score of 156. His morningscore of 73, only trvo above par, gaveJrinr a lcad of three srrnkcs in the fieltl.P. Delmarco, of Ardsley, firishecl secrond, one stroke behind, r,r,hile StanleyBielat, of Dunwoodic u'as third. Thosethree, with C. Puccino, of Oak Ridge;N. Jones, of Rye; Joe Stasionis, of Leewood;A. Castaldo, of Mount Kisco andJohn Skibik, of Leeu-und, makc up theWestchester team in rhe nretropolila:rcaddie championship.Baroness Gi".o-o Giorgio Levi ofRome, four times Roman champion andthe second ranking \voman player ofItaly, won a hard tennis battle recentlyand gained the third round of the Easterngrass court championship at theWestchester Counrrv Ciub in Rr e vcsterday,at the expense of Ethel'Burkardt,of San Francisco, the eighth r"ankingplayer of the United States.Signor Carraciola, famous Italiandriver of a German Mercedes, recentl-vwon the second lrish international motorgrand prix fron'r nineteen cars rcpresentingfour nations on thc PhoenixPark course, oI Dul,lir, r,r hich rain rnatlcvery dangerous. Sigrrur t'ampari ,,n,assecond.On one occasiorr Signor Carraciola'scar flashed past the stands at nearly 130miles an hour and it was announced thathe had covered the lap in the fastest timeever attained over the course, his averagespeed being 90.8 miles an hour.F'rankie Genaro, recognized by the NationalBoxing Association as the flyweightchampion of the u,orld, recentlydefeated Willie La Morte in a ten-roundbout at Dreamland Park, Neu,'ark, fightingbefore a crowd of 8,000 persons.Genaro emerged with the victory after afast struggle, which provided many excrtrngmoments.Christopher (Bat) Battalino, of Hartford,Conn., who holds the world's feather-weightchampionship, recently knockedout lgnacio Fernandez, rugged Filipinofighter, in the fifth round of their scheduledfifteen-round championship strugglein Hurlcy Stadium, HartIord, and retainedhis title.Battalino crushed Fernandez in de-{eat with a left and right to the jaw toend a bout in which the challenger wasat no time equal in ability to the titleholder.Fernandez was counted out prostrate,lying flat on his back near a neutralcorner.Italian Joe Gans, of South Brooklyn,once a formidable and feared middle-u'eight, but now past his heyday, was recentlythe guest of honor at a banquetlor old times' sake given at the ShoreInn of Golden Citl' Park, Carnarsie, byhis old friends and aclmilers, includingHumbert J. Fugazy, the Italian boxingpromoter, Jess McMahon, Tony Martel-1o, and Kid Chocolatc.Arthur Angclo of 108 Edward Street,New Haven, took second place at theathletic events recently held in Bremen,Germany. trlr. Angelo, who is 27, representedthe United States. On his returnto this country, the National GymnasticAssociation gave a banquet in hishonor, at which it presented him with atrophy.Mr. Angelo has won many prizes forhis gymnastic prowess, and next yearhe is going to Bremen again, this time,to win the first prize.Miss Evelina Ferrara of Chicago wonthe first prize gold medal recently at thenational athletic meet for women at Dallas,Texas. Miss Ferrara won over morethan 72 competitors from 20 states.M tr."llonnur*The Bo.rlott 7'rovclcr, irr conrrectiolrwith tlre earrhquake irr Ilaly, July 23, issueda special Italian edition whose frontpage carried the United Press story ofthe disaster in both English and Italian.Copies of this edition s'ere rushed tothe ltalian colonies of Greater Boston.Highlights in the ltalian ear,thquakcstories were also printed in the Italianlanguage in the Albany (N. Y.) Ti,ntes-Union. Wire bulletins, condsensed by astafi writer, were translated by the pastorof an Italian church in the citv. Thetranslations were carried at the 6ottomol the first pagc in all editions.An avcrage of more than $230,000,000is remittetl to thc home countries bv immigrantsin the United States iveryyear according to the League of Nationsexpcrts making a survey of the situation.The $99,000,000 con'tribution of theItalian immigrants to this .total is 33/oless than it r.l'as five years ago.Dr. Frank Mongillo, of New Haven,commander of Post 47 of the AmericanLegion, has been promoted to the positionoi First Lieutenant in the MedicalReserve Corps. Dr. Mongillo, a graduateof Yale's medical school, is also awar veteran, and a member of severalfraternities.According to the recent cenSus, thenumber of Italians ln New Haven hasgrown to the figure of 70,000, which isalmost half of New Haven's total of762,512 inhabitants.Assistant District Attorney Joseph A.Scolponetti, of Boston, was recently theprincipal speaker during the CatholicTruth period over Station WNAC. Hissubject was Dante, whose spirit he saidstill lives, and whose teachings dominatethe world."A poet, a seer, an educator, the geniusof the 13th century and the inspirationof all succeeding years, he madepeace with his'God in the year 1321",said Mr. Scolponetti.Dr. Leopoldo Vaccaro, r,ve1l-knownsurgeon of Philadelphia, and a member'o{ the teaching staff of the Universityof Pennsylvania, has returnecl from atrip across the United States, which heundertook partly for rest and pleasureand partly Ior the purpose oi studyingtlre country's difierent regions.l'he New Haren 7ir;res, in a reccntspecial number, spoke at length of theItalian colony in that city, from the daysrvherr, in 7872, there were hardly a hun-,lred Iralians in that city, to the present,with its 70,000 Italians. In 1880 theItalians of that city, about 500rin number,were mostly employed with Sargent& Co. The dean ol the ltalians in NevrHaven, Mr. Paolo Russo, lvho came tothat city 1n 7872, was well spgken of, aswere also Dr. William F. Verdi, direqtorof St. Raphael's Hospital, and instruCtor!n Yqle University's Medical School, andNIr S. Z. Poli, multimillionaire rnrl for.-nrer theatrical magnate.'lhe Theatel of the Nations, whichhad its official birth in Cleveland onDec. 2, 1929, represented an undertakingthat was unique in the history of thiscountry,Acting on the knowiedge that foryears each nationality in the city hasfostered . drama groups presentingworthwhile productions in their ownjtongues, the Cleveland Plain Dealerhad the idea of bringing them all ,together,so that Americans might becomefamiliar with the valuable contributionsmade by these nationalitygroups to the cultural.life of ,the cityantl thc country.Expressior:s o I aJ,pruval wcr.e forthcrr6ing f rom Cleveland's cultural andcducational circles, and the total response\^,as such that the Plain Dealerhas announced that it will sponsor the'lheater for a second series to besin onNove'mber 2, 1930.Thirty-six nationalittes were reprcsented,1289 people actively took part inthe perfotmances, and an attendance o{20,000 was recorded during the courseof the series.The last play in ,the series v/as theonly to ha.ve an evening performance atthe Public Music Hall, phen, on May25, the Italian Filo-Dramatic Ciubclosed the series with "Tosca," by VictorienSardou, in a new Italian versionby S. Gianluigi. The proceeds of theplay were devoted to the promotion ofItalian art, music and the study of thenative tongue. It was the first appearanceoI the Italian organization, but apermanen[ organizatibn has now resulted.

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IJAe BA|)IK%AMERICANEw Yoru(6xg$#VgCapital and SurplusTotal Resources OverConsolidated with$ 75,000,000.00$500,000,000.00Bowery And East River National BankandCornmercial Exchange National BankMEMBER OF THE F'EDERAL RESERVE BANKAND THE NEW YORK CLEARING IIOUSE ASSOCIATIONSpeciol Agents f or th'e ltalian Government, Treasury DepartntentMAIN OFFICE44 WALL STREETBRANCHESNEW YORK CITYMain ofiice: 44 Walil St.Madison Ave. ofiice: Madison Ave. cor. 40th St.Battery Park ofiice: 8 Broadwav-ProduceExchange Bldg.Atlantic ofiice: 257 Broadway, opposite Cifv Hall.Walker St. ofiie: 399 Broadway.East River office: 680 Broadway.Bowery oftice: 12,{ Bowery, corner Grand St.Brmme St. oftice: 387 Broome St.Old Colony ofiice: 28 Mulberry St.Seventh Ave. oftice: 282 Seventh Ave.Times Square ofiice: 1451 Broadway.Harlem ofiice: 2018 First Ave. corner 104th St.116th St. oftice:116th St. corner First Ave.Hudson St, ofiice: Hudson and Franklin Sts.CORONACorona ofiice: Romvelt and Albertis Aves.BROOKLYN OFFICESMontague ofiice : 116 Montague St.Court St. oflice: Court St. & Schermerhorn St.Fulton St. office: 569 Fulton St.Market ofiice: 41 Washington Ave.Union St. office:311 .,{th Ave.Cblumbia St. ofiice: 131 Union St.Boro Park oftice: 55th St. and 13th Ave.14th Ave. ofrice: 6223 - 14th Ave.Bush Terminal ofiice: 93,{ - 3rd Ave.Bay Ridge ofrice: 4924 Fourth Ave.203. Avenue U.BRONX OFEICESFort Hamilton ofiice: 8524 Fifth Ave.Melrose ofiice: 363 East 149th St.Bronx cfiice:4547 Third Ave.Williamsbridge ofiice: 3506 White Plains Av€.Castle Hill ofiice: Castle Hill & Westchester Ave.STATEN ISLANDStapleton oftice: 577 Bal' St. (S. I.)iIiiq*-t