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45BOOKSERVICEDEPARTMENT-\TLANTICA offers the Italianbooks listed below at a great savir.igon current prices. An ad

ATLANTICA'SOBSERVATORY:"TIHERE is a growing movementI among students, especiallymedical students, toward pursuingtheir studies in Italy. In thiscountry the medical colleges are forthe most part over-crowded; theycan take only a limited number ofthe many applicants. What morenatural, therefore, than that thestudents of Italian extraction whoare not admitted should look to theother side of the Atlantic, to ltaly,rvith its world-famous medicalschools, its lower rates, and its additionalcharms and beauties ?Moreover, it gives the ltalo-Americanstudent, who in most cases hasat least a smattering of ltalian, anopportunity of mastering thelanguage, acquiring a deeper insightinto the Italian character, and allthis will be invaluable to him whenhe iomes back to America to beginhis practice, for in most cases itwill be among his countrymen.This past summer the movementwas to be noticed in the culturalcourses offered throughout Italy.Rome gathered studious f oreignvisitors for a spring and summercourse covering the historic and artisticgrandeurs of the city. AtVarese many foreign and Italiandoctors attended a science courseoffered by the Institute of MedicalCulture.Florence and Siena, rn'here thepurest and most harmonious Italianis spoken, offered summer courseschiefly dedicated to a thor.oughstudy of the Italian,language andstudents were given an opportunityto visit the immense art treasurescontained in the palaces and churchesof the two cities.The courses at Perugia, seat ofthe Royal University for Foreigners,were of particular interest.This Umbrian city is eminentlyadapted for study and also offerscountless opportunites fot excursionsto the many towns dotting theverdant Umbrian plain.Some of the towns, like themystic Assisi, the city of St. Francis,have an atmosphere of consolingreligious calm much appreciatedby foreign theological students.The government has .f osteredthese cultural courses for foreignersto spread among the friends ofItaly an increasing knowledge ofItalian art and to draw the appreciativeattention of the outsidelvorld.Will he heed rhe traffic director?-Fromtlte C olumbus DisPatchThe students are aided in theusual sojourn and passport formalities.The Minister of Communicationsauthorized a 30 per cent ratereduction for foreign students registeringfor the cultural courses inRome, Varese, Siena, Florence andVenice.-';.-/-f1H E illustrious Italian pla)'-I rvright and writer, Luigi eirandello.added another to his manylaurels recently when he was unanimouslyelected president of the InternationalCongress of LiteraryCriticism held at Lisbon, Portugal.Writers and journalists from allover Europe met to discuss questionsconcerning the orientation andfield of literary criticism, as well asallied cultural matters.-J/-r\HE New York lVorld-Tele-I gram, in a recent issue, publishedan interesting and readable"profile" of the ltalian Consul Geneialin New York City, Comm.Emanuele Grazzi, in which thewriter made the point that Comm.Grazzi is an intermediary betweent46his countrymen and the countrythey have adopted."More than a million Italians,naturalized and not naturalized, livein Neu, York City," said the ConsulGeneral to his intervieu-er."Almost all of them are Americancitizens, but they have not forgottentheir motherland. Hele we try toencourage their unaltcrable Americanismand at the same time keepalive s-ithin them their deep affectionfor the race to which thevbelong. \\-e t-ant them to undeistand-\merica. and $.e want Americato understand them."Born -10 \-ears ago in Florenceand graduated in law at Lucca,Emanuele Grazzi rvanted to traveland see :he torld, so he gave himselfto a consular career. At2l hen-as vice consul ip Tunis, an importanrposition indeed for one sovoung. and later, after a short periodin the Office of the Foreignllinistrr- at Rome, he r.vas attached,successir-eh'. to the Consulates inHolland. Finland, Berlin, Brazil,\Iarseilles. and hnalh,. New York.Itah-'s en:rance into the Warcaused hin to abandon his diplomaticcareer temporarilr' and takeup arms insread at the front, but in1919 he \\'as senr to Finiand to representltah' there.An indication of the Consul'spopularitr- in diplomatic circles inthis citf is the fact that, u'hen theBritish Consul, -\rmstrong, sailedback to his country about two yearsago, Grazzt's colleagues elected himPresident of the Society of ForeignConsuls in \et'York City, a positionrvhich he still holds.The Italian Consul General is anardent musician: he plays both thepiano and the violin. In his youthhe studied harmony, with thethought that some day he wouldlike to be an orchestra conductor.To this dav he derives immense intellectualpleasure from music.D EFORE a group of fifty of theD world's leading scientists, includingseven Nobel Prize winners,Senator Guglielmo Marconi, thepioneer and still a leading figure in

t-ATLANTICA'S OBSERVATORY147F-iieless teiegraphy, last monthgel'e the opening address at as:ientiirc congress in Rome. Among::ii1s€. attending at the opening-tt:ig u'ere Premier Benito Mus--g:'ini. other Italian Cabinet Minis-:::s par-sicists of inany nations and'::if,iors of the Alexander Voltai-s:it'.rte, under whose auspices the::-:e:ence was given.Senator Marconi's topic was the--iern' of the unity of matter.T-*;ent1.-five centuriJs have pissed;:r'ce Thales, first scientist of an-:ient Greece, thought of the anj'*r,erto the question, 'What is the--';,lrld made of ?"' he said, "and-rJv norv, in our days, it seems that}e great problem is about to bes.-,rlved."The illustrious inventor pointedtut that recent discoveries seem all:,c point to one idea-the unity ofmatter. "This was at the bottom':,ithe idea of the alchemists, which'ur as derided by almost all greatchemists and scientists in thJ lastcentury. It is true that we cannotno\v do lvhat the alchemistslreamed of-change lead or mercuryinto gold. When that or somethingsimilar becomes possible weshall perhaps have another crisis ofthe gold standard and exchange."'f-'tHE past month of October sarvL the fiftieth anniversary of thefounding of the Royal Italiin NavalAcademy of - Leghorn. Not onlyhave the finest examples of the peisonnelof the Italian fleet beengraduated from this famous institution,but also many of the mostbrilliant officers of ihe navies offoreign countries.The Academy was establishcd inthe early days of the Italian Kingdomin order to gather together andunify the country's naval educationalneeds. Since then its famehas spread throughout the worid.+_f T was an event of major import-I ance for Italy's colonial policywhen, early this Fall, Omar el'Muk'-tar, capable and tenacious leader ofArab rebels, was captured by Italiancavalry who have been attemptingthe conquest of Cyrenaica in NortfiAfrica.Muktar, leader of the rebelliousSenussi, was more than 70 yearsold, and for the greater part of hislife he had beeri by fai the mostable and consistent foe of Europeanarms. With the exception of a periodduring the Woild War, ihestruggle between Italian arms andthe Senussi has proceeded withoutinterruption since 191 1, and Muktarwas the most respected of theleq4ers for his sagaeity and daring.His capture may be considered anevent of international importancebecause the final subjugation of theSenussi must inevitablv be followedby an attempt to'settle withFrance the disputed question of colonialboundaries in North Africa.A STARTLING exception toI \ the dynamic tendency nowgenerally believed to be prevalentin Italy today is Medoro Marassi.Flere is what the United Press saidabout him last month:"Rovigo, Italy-The world'sstaying-in-bed champion, a lr'an 70years old, was discovered today.Medoro Marassi has remained inbed continuously for ten years, althoughhe enjoys exceprionallygood health. He just likes to rest.t'We can imagine Signor Marassi,on being awakened prematurely,. exclaiming:"What ! Only 1931 ? Whotold you to wake me up at this ungodlyyear?" Or, as the lrlezuYorker lvould say, "Ho-hum!"-+-lccfH E American Tariff andI Canada" is the title of abooklet pubiished in September bythe Italian Chamber of Commerceof San Francisco. It is a lengthy,comprehensive and scholarly treatiseof the whole subject by Dr. G.Facci. treating the history of commercialrelations between theUnited States and Canada, pasttariffs, trade agreements, the naturalintegration of Canada and theUnited States, etc., all supplementedwith official statistics andtables.Dr. Facci's conclusion is that thetariff policy of the United States,more especially with regard toCanada, has been "an enormous(Continued on page 156)Prepare forEuropeat tloe Classic Art CentrePrivate Lessonsand Classes byNative GraduateTeachersFrenchItalianSpanishTheClassic fut CentreSchool o! Romance Languagesand, Literature33 West 70th StreetNew York CityEojoy tbe ComJort of aReal Home inNEW YORK5 FINESIRESIDENTIAL HOTELcllnCDOPCD\YASUII{GTONlngton/te. 23(toZ:,I 3*ir,:::,xlTf"ffit":j::twill enioy the quietrepose ::1r-.^"1,::',I:ty9l of a country town at evening.Such is the fortunate location of theGeorge Vashington Hotel, a distinguishedresidential hotel.ROOM WITH BATHDATLYVEEKLY$t.so to $3.00 $14 ro-$1 7.50IHE BEST FOOD IN NEV YOR(

Bboks In Req.'iewITALY YESTERDAY AND TODAY.Bv A M-arittotti. 315 pages. Illus'tiated. lY ew Y orh: The M acntillanCo. $5./-flHERE is a need Ior a book likeI ihis one o i Prof essor X I arinoni's.It is just the kind oi volumeto place-in the hands of thevouns stud.nt about to begin his".tudtl o{ the Italian language andliteriture and life. Not Profound,not oainstakinglv accurate in evervlittle' detail, "ltal-v Yesterda-r andToda\'" nevertheless has sufficientsubstince, comprehensiveness andreadabilitv to recommend itselfstrikingly as a fitting introduction toItalv foi those who are just becomineaware of the charm and beautYofitulu, "rnother of the arts." eitherthrough a study of the language ora trip-through-its many sights. Trrfact,^ it has been suggested th.at"Itaiy Yesterday and TodaY" mighteven- be used as a substitute for atrip to Italy !Be that as it ma1', the book certainlycovers the ground, fromSwiizerland by way of the SimPlontunnel, Lake X{aggiore, Mi1an, LakeComo, Lake Garda, the Trentino'Venice, Padua, Ferrara, Bologna,Flo'rence, Siena, Perugia, Assisi,Rome, Cassino, Naples, CaPri, Pompeii,Amalfi, and back again to thenorth through Pisa, Genoa andTurin. A running account is kePtup concerning the history, worhs o1ait, traditions, customs and anecdotesof the various localities traversed.The book proper is prefaced b1' along first chapter in which theauthor gives a'resum6 of Italy's historyup 1o our times, outlining brieflyihe present economic, social, andpolitical organization of Italy, u'ithsuch details of its history as arenecessary to give a true and understandablepicture of its presentstate. Quite appropriately ProfessorMarinoni points out that "to theAmerican 'Time is mon€),' theItalian opposes the f ormula oiquieto aivere; the one"implying astrenuous 1ife; the other a yearningfor contentment and peace. Theciash of these tr,vo ideals thror,l's agood deal of light upon the life phiiosophyof the two peoples."A general picture of the presentstructure of government in Ital1,today is given, the author Pointingor,rt the new spirit that has rejuvenatedthe Italian people throughthe medium of Fascism and the industrialand commercial revival ithas fostered.By no means the least imPortantasset of the booli is a collection of128 photographs rvhich admirablyiilustrate the imperishable beautiesand landmarks of Italy, rn'hicharouse a nostalgia in those whohave already seen Italy, and an impellinglonging to do so on the partof those who have not had the experience.Luigi Pirande'lloAS YO[) DLSIRE ME (Cone ']-u f,'IiVu,oi). A PIa5, in. Three Acts. -B1'Luigi Piran,dellc). Tratt'slatcd from tkeItalian by Santtr'el Putrtam. 221 pages.Ne',s Yoik: E. P. Dnltrtn {v Co. $2.50.THTS is the same PiayIri'hichhad such a sensationalll'longrun on Broadlvay last season, andwhich led to the revival of anotherof Pirandello's masterpieces;.,."SixCharacters in Search of An Author."In this case, however, thetranslation has been made (and exce11ently,too) for reading purposes,without the shortening and modificationmade necessary in the previoustranslation bv the exigencies ofthe stage.The story of the play has been148 ,,told before. It concerns the attemptof the Strange LadY (in theBroadu a.' production, it was theUnknon-n One. brilliantly portrayedl,r- luditr -\rldcrsonJ to fill the partoi- i rt,i. \\':'ru has been missing forten lea:s. \\-hether she is actuaiiYthe u-ire c,; troi is not imPortant;the poiirt is i:.iat she has done herbest to n,a

IIATT,ANTIIAThe Italian Monthly ReviewFounded in 1923CONTENTS FOR NOVEMBER, t93lTHs GnNrus op Eorsoi',r .. ..H. E. vittorio Emanuele orlando lslTnoM.q.s A. Eusow (1847-193I) .. ..Renato Lombardi 153Ovsn rHn Nnw Ro.q.ls or Irary (In Two Parts: Part One)Helene Buhlert Bullock f54frAry rN Arnrca . . . . . Beniamino de Ritis 157Elw.tRo CoRsr, CorlrrrssroNpn or TrrnrrcR-{TroNIr.lrreu Anr rN run l7rrr CnNruny ....Alfonso Arbib-Costa 160RnNlrssaxce Foorelrl . .. . .Arnaldo Cervesato 163Trrn frlrraw Anr Exrrrnrr rw Brnlrrr,lcHAltl . 165Trrn Ir'lrr,lxs rx Prrrr.q,lEr,r,HrA. Theresa F. Bucchieri L67TrrB FoRnrcN LANCUAGE Pnnss rN AuEnrcaNrzArroN . Louis V. Fucci 169Ysr.row Boors (A Short Story) . .. . .Catherine Oliva 1?0SnrecrroNs Fnolr rrrn frar,raw Pnsss . 176H. E. VrrroRro EMANUELE ORLANDo 180Trrp Larn Dn. Paoro Dn VsccgrfBOfrs Hoxon op Cor,uMsus: Italians Erect Monunent in St. PauI l8lN{usrc 182Norns oN rHE Dn,lue ..Madge Christie 183Tnevnr NornsDn. FnlNr

DINO GRANDIThe ltalian Nlinister ol Foreign Affairs, who contes to the lInitedStates this month on an official oisit to conler with President Hoooerand Secretary Stitnson on disarrnannent and other world. problerns.Signar Grand.i is the author ol the propos.al sporrsored. by theLeague ol Nations calling lor a one-yegr artncnnent truce arnong themations ol the world,, as a prelude to the disarmarnent conlerenceol next February.r50

fa Hlf ereative potenn. ofr gerrius, jnslcad, precedesthrough intuition, prompted bym,vsterious forces which illuminatedark stretches of humankrrowledge as suddenly and asbrilliantly as the electric lightbulb of trdison. Thus, for instance,Dante, without beingeither a geographer or a navigatoror an astronomer, reconstructeclthrough intuition inhis Canto on Ulysses a journeywhich foreshadowed the discoveryof America fully twohundred years before Columbus;and Leonardo Da Yincirvas able to build a perfect flvingmachine in spite of the factthat he knew that the motorwas bound to possess a eertainweight corresponding to a certainunity of f,orce, thus anticirThe Cenius of Edison" Fiat lux et lux f acta est"By H. E. VITTORIO EMANUELE ORLANDOATLANTICA is prou.d, ind.eed, to haoe as its leoding article fThe Geniusol Edison" by His Excellency Yittorio Etnanuele Oilando, form.er ltalianlremier d.uring the Vorld War, and, one ol the larnous ooBig Four, at theParis Peace conference. Th" lollowing article is the onl| one to haaebeen written by Signor orlando during his short stay last rnonth in thi,sc^otlntrlt uhere he was inoited,by Presid,ent Nicholas Murray Butler olColumbia-(l,nioer.sity to attenil the Friendship Dinner gir:en uider the auiplce'sol Columbia Unioersity and the lnstitite ol American lVl',eat Packers.His Bxcellency.utas one ol the ilistinguished rnen present at the luneral o!Thomas A. Edison.I -\ll fir'ml1' eonvincpd thatI Thomas A. Edison mnst^ rrot be eonsidered a ,,great:!an " but a t t supetman t, if onel,t'€fers to use the now famousrrilrlessicn of Frederick Nietz-:'rhe. If one prefers, as I clo,tue traclitional expression, onetuust say that Fldison rvas notii \-et'r- talented man, he was a(.ienins.The contrast between a taleuteclman and a man of geniusi: such that, though easy tograsp ancl to unclerstand, itcannot, however, be definitelvrletermined without a certainrlifficulty. No doubt, nevertheless,the proper traits of geniusare creative potency and universality.These traits are bouncl to benecessarily coupled and theymutually integrate each other.Talent-even if it be great talent-isalways contained withincertain limits. Progress iscaused by it, it is the result ofan analysis: ultimately talentmoves within a technical specializationfrom which distinctionsof competence are derived.Genius is, on the contrary,necessarily synthetical. Itssphere of activity includes anentire world, differentiated innianifolcl and complex ways ofbeing. Some mav object thattalent seryes to determincThe late Thomas A, Bdison151scientific progress and thatevery progress implies an invention.This is true, but talentreaches such a result bymeans of a specialized application:through a process of patientincluction which actuatesa slon' anrl gradual transitionfrom tlle more knou'n to theless knorvn.

It52pating by almost four centuriesthe discovery of the combustionengine.Because of his synthesizingpotency, the genius appears tous as representative of thewhole people. He sums up awhole epoch-an entire phaseof civilization. I believe forthem all that this mysteriousconnection of individual geniusto col-lective genius has not beenstudied sufficiently as yet, ithas not been adequately consideredas ,vet in regard eitherto a certain nation or to a certainepoch.For many centuries Italy, clividedinto so many little Statesand ruled by foreigners, foundher national unity in her nationalgenius, mainly in Dante.Conversely, national geniushas manifestations similar tothose of individual genius; veryprobably the Iliad and theOd.vsse,v are not the work ofsingle individuals, but of an entirenation, naive and Primitive,which succeeded in expressingits traditions andIegends through its Poets insuch an intense form that theYhave come down to us aS ePicalprodr:rctions of a single author./-T-\ HERE is no doubt in mr-I nrind, therefore, that Eclisonmust be considered as aGenius and not simPlY as a mangifted rvith great talent. He isnot a professor of PhYsics orchemistry, or a mechanic, who,in his ever,v-da,v exPeriments,discovers some qualitY of energ.Yor matter to be Progressivel-vadclecl to those alreadl'knor,vn. I{e is a creator endowedwith a m-1-sterious anclmighty l'irtue which enableshim to view an object or simPlYan aspect of the external world.and to act 'on it so as to bringabout a deep, thorough andfinal transformation.Selling nervspapers on trainssuggests to him sPontaneouslYan invention which, b;t stimulatingbeforehand the curiositYATLANTICA, NOVEMBER, i931of the public, will multiply theprofits of newspaper sales.trVhile working as a railroadengineer, he thinks of a way,,ofincreasing the speed of locomotives.While employed as awireless operator, there arisesfrom the exasper.ating fecundit).of his genius a whole seriesof inventions, tendering transmissioneasier and faster. Finally,having attained economicindependence, he challenges" nature " to a duel, the like ofwhich has never before b'eenu'itnessed by history.Nature to him is pre-eminentlythat m,vsterious forcethe eristence of which was forthe first time disclosed b;- anftalian, Alessandro Volta; thatelectrical energ)r to which sciencehas successively reduceclnot only everlr expression, butalso matter itself. Besides thequantity and the momentousnessof his inr.entions, numberingabout 1,600, it is importantto point out, in this amazingduei, the svnthetic importanceof its outcome: the triump)r attainedb-v IIan,or'er l{ature.That energv, which had beenan attribute of Deity and amalignant token of divinewrath, is transformed into anobedient and docile too1, recognizinghuman strength as itssuperior, and so pliable as toreprocluce and preserve thevoice, the motion, and the gesturesof man himself. This is avictory simultaneousl5-'s1'srtime ancl over space, since thethings that seemed transitorvanr-l those that seemed fixedchanple roles altogether. Cosmicenergv itself enables manto create iight immediatel;., notthrough the consumption ofmatter, but through the transformationof force.DROIItrTH BUS' nt1'tlL isI th.,. overcome: witlr Jrislight-creating gesture man isable to attain an almost divinemight : Fiot lur et lun f acta est.But Prometheus' myth is notonly overcome, but annihilated,for whereas the Titan who hadstolen from Olympus theprivilege of fire paid the penaltyof his boldness by beingeternally condemned to atrocioustorture, the victory overnature attained by the Titan ofour times remains superblyfinal.It is fitting to vindicate forEdison rrhat we claimed to bethe t--vpical trait of Genius: thatof summing up al1 the spirit ofthe time. The history of primitivereligions, to x-hich Greekm,vthology gave forms of suchincomparable beauty, showsalwars ancl evervwhere man ina relationship of incomprehensionancl telroL towartls t]rebrutal ancl unconscious forcesof nature. Tlieref ore thosefolces are adored as Divine:to their blind and restlessmight humankinil could opposebut the humbiest submission:and onlr- bi- propitatory sacri-{ices-er-en hurnan ones-couldit hope to placate their wrathfu1r'evenge. In Greek tragecliesnature is confused withdestiny, against which rebellionis impossible.In the Middle Ages this w-ayof considering the relationshipbetween man and nature stillobtains: the reversal of thistraditional position appearsonly during modern times,chiefly during that amazingperiod of human activity representeclbr the second half ofthe nineteenth century. Mannot only copes resolutel)- withthe external world, not onlyfights against ancl checks itsmalignant forces, but he concluersthem, tames them, andobliges them to serve as ameans of wealth and progressfor victorious humankind. Iwill not enlarge here on therepercussions, on the incidentaleffects which this deep transformationhas wrought in a1lthe fields of the human sPirit,not barring philosophY itself.Certainly no man has given a

[-r:: r:ir r-.ontribution to thisi: -:-::al upheaval than the wiz-;: : , f Uenlo Park. None bet-;,-: :;an he reflects it in a formr.l- :::Entatire of an entire:r. :r. Such is the essential:::-t -,i' Genius..p . T E,'lison was not onlyL) r':f rl'eiplf stive of Iris time,: ir:as representative of his:-hi-.i:l as we1l. He was a Genius*:,: only because he was able to-r ,: rrrize a centur;' in the his-I -.- , ri mankind, but also be--'.-^:- he epitomizes the spirit: tlie -\merican nation of toir.-..From this viewpoint hisr.-.;11.32|if1r gr,o\\,s larger, so ast: embrace besides his work,.-1 rris life as a man.I{e was the true type of that.eli-made man who is already.i 5 himself, the expression ofr -'ntemporary American men;r erpresses also in the mostl,,tlfect manner that power ofTH}J GENIUS OF, EDISON'.''. ;i .i' ) -' :practical, useful reah?a-tion' to'which America,owes its presenteminent position among civilizednations. Only a shortsightedor superficial or eviimindedobserver can attributethe American wealth-creatingfever to the cravlng for a greaterenjoyment of material commodities.This American activity,never tiring of its continuousefforts, never satisfiedrvith the progress already attainecl,trying always to breakmore recotds, contains insteada conception of life with whichit is possible to disagree, but towhich one cannot deny a highspiritual value. It is a conceptionwhich finds the law ofhuman behavior in the continuoustension of the will, in anascent that can never reach thesummit, because the summit islost in the infinite. Tb live is,therefore, to work; the moreintenseh' one l.orks the more: .. 153intensely one lives. The aim ofexistence, according to this oonception,is a thirst for powerwhich can never be quenchedbecause without this dizzydynamism life would no longerbe worth living. To work, toproduce is no longer a meansof earning one's living by thesweat of one's brow, but theaim of life itself. It is not sorrowbut joy. English philosophywas confusing usefulnesswith good, while the Americanspirit goes beyond and findsthere happiness.rI'HIS wili to power u'hiehl impresses itself so profqundlyon the character of theAmerican people of today hasfouncl in Edison at the sametime its most efficient instrumentand its most perfect spiritualexpression. That is rrhyThomas A. Edison is a Genius.Thomas A. Edison (1847 -1931)By Renato LombardiHE character, personalityand achievements ofThomas A. Edison areso familiar anil well-known,ancl the newspapers of the pastf erv days have so occupieclthernselves with the many detailsof his life, that the highe,sttribute that could be paid to]ris memor)r now, it seems tome, is the impression of hisname, his luminous name, on ablank white page. This rvillserve to revive, among thethonsancl manifestations of hisactivity, that one which foundthe greatest response in everyone'sindiVidual temperament.For the human characteristicthat most deeply impressesitself in the study of this ,out-standing character is precisel;'the multiplicity of the fieids inwhich he distinguished himself,leaving behind him alwa-vs agenial evidence of his l''ork.And it is in this sense that Iliire to cornpare the personalit5.of Edison to that of some of thegiants of the Renaissance whorealizecl on the walls of the SistineChapel the scene of theDar. of Juclgment, ancl u'ho designedthe arcli of the Cupolaof St. Peter, a magnificent workof admirable engineering.On the occasion of the fiftiethanniversary of the first electriclight bulb, there were those whowondered absurdl-v rvhetherm,ore credit were due to \roita,who created the first elementcapabie of generating an eiectriccurrent, or to Edison, whoof this current made light,bringing it to the hearths of themost humble homes.l'he question was absurd andtherefore it was not answered.Yet one merit must be recognizeclin it: that of havinglinked the characters of thesetrvo noble experimenters who,iri effect, have many points incommon, from the passionatetenacity with wrr'ich the.l- follolr'edu1.i their achievements, tothe modest simplicity withwhich they received, both inParis but a hundred yearsapart, the baptism of glory.To iank in the order of their(Conttnned on ltage 190)

From Sictty to the LakesOver the New Roadsof ltalyBy Helene Buhlert Bullockln Two Parts-Part Twoil.HIIN the tourist turnsnorthward from Naples,fresh opportunitiespresent themselves,-opportunitiesto visit towns andexplore regions which havehitherto been little known toAmerican travellers. One suchtorvn is Capua-or rather thetwo Capuas, distant less thanthirty miles from Naples. Theircollection of R,oman ruins is remarkable;the Amphitheatre isnearly as large as the Coliseumat Rome, and magnificent in itsruin. Capua is a fascinatingwalled city, and the twenty aneientcolumns surrounding theforecourt of the cathedral arealone worth a visit.The motorist has his choieeof two routes to Rome. AtFrosinone he may take the directroad through Fiorentino,or the more roundabout onethrough Subiaco. If he hasstoppeil at Monte Cassino, thegreat Benedictine monasteryabout half way between Capuaand n'rosinone, he will probablywant to see Subiaco, whereSt. Benedict founded the BenedictineOrder. There is a fine. motor-road winding up themountain from the town ofCassino to the monastery atthe top, and the vicws alone areworth the climb. In IVIav thepink Judas-tree is in full bloornalong the roadsides, and thesnou-covered peaks of theAl'ruzzi mountains to the eastwardreveal more and more oftheir glories as you ascend.From Monte Cassino you goback along the road which, traditionsays, St. Benedict tookrvhen he left his monastery atSubiaco, built into the cliffhigh above the river Aniene,and went s,outhward in searchof a place to start a secondfoundation. [)n this journeyhe was guided by two ravensand two angels; but you and I,guided by modern maps, cover(in a fer'r' hours) the groundw-hich took him morrths of footsoretravel. After leavingGuarcino, which in spr.ing containswhat seem like millionsof huge purple irises in itslovel_v public gardens, andwhose steep streets rvindamong creamS.-brown ancl rosecoloredhouses, the r,cacl entersThe Fass of Furloby H. B. Bullock-Photo154a lonelv, scrubby hill-country,barren and rather grim, andyou feel verl- sorry for St.Benedict, who had to find hisway slowlv tirrough it on foot,even if he dicl har.'e trvo angelsalong. Subiaco, when ).ou fina1l1'reach it, turns out to be apicturesque town deep in thevalle1- of the Aliene, with theSacro Speco, the originai BenedictinenonasterS., high up onthe sicle of n-hat looks like aninaccessible cliff, but is easilyreachecl ix- a foot-path whichgoe-q ull frorn the lor,ver monasterr-on the roacl. The SacroSpeco is a lich store-house ofrare olcl frescoes, antl the vicrvsfrorn the winclows and terracesare ver5 fine. A road is beingbuilt along these steep mountain-sirle-..through to the Adriatic,l )rich will soon provide anerr thrill for the nrotolist.ORTH of Ronie the nurnberof fine rcads leadingto delig'htful places is bewildering.Ju-rt 11y following theMediterranean coast, up byCivitavecchia to Tarquinia,Gnce ar1 Etruscan, later a Roman,town, \l'here you can seesome thirty or so Etruscantombs, the frescoes on theirrvalls fresh and vivid todav, inspite of the partial defacementof the centuries. X'rom Tarquiniago on to Tuscania, wherethere is a rarely beautiful littleRomanesque church, SantaMaria Maggiore. Sca:rcely anyb'odyever visits Tuscania, andit is richl)' worth a visit,-a

ilOVER THE NEW ROADS OF ITALY155r':n-:;;l'l-town lving in a rel-.::i-:- r-'i romantic ciiffs andr";,!,-,.::;. lii is within easy driving1.";;.'re .'t' fiterbo and Orvi-*i'.. rr- h, tir of whieh excellent, . :.- acconrrlodation is to be::,: I The flodern Hotel Belle- -l:-- ll tJrrieto, standing at. -: :r' ,-l ,,,f tire town with a fine,:-:;; :rer the valley and hiils,-n i t rarticuiarly charming littler -i::. where English is sP,ok-." , l-ri lates are ver;r 1o6""-:r:. :rr l the food delicious. Or--,-.: . itself is known to all tour--r::. r,rt tire surrounding coun-:::.- rir.il,r to the motorist to be--- l , -,1'Pr-1,At t.R bevoltl all the well-\J ,,r'rr l'rill-towns, Urvicto,I'=:"r.r*ia, ^,r Assisi, and the rest,i--:t'e iies a region so beautiful: i:"i r,)tl€-lespairs of describing-i lake the road from Peru-,Jr;:. r..,r (*ubbio, and from GubliioI Lririno, ancl you will see:.,,.r I You drive past fields irl:,,- ,r-'a the poppies blocm so:-,..x11' that they look lil

---lr56the many orrtamental shieldsand carved emblems hung uPonits facade.The Consuma Pass takes Youthrough some of the finest sceneryin the Tuscan APennines,and a short detour brings Youto famrous Vallombrosa, situatedin a forest of deciduoustrees such as is rar'elY seen inthat lancl of the cypress ancl thestone-pine.There are several good motor-roadsfrom I'lorence toBologna, among rvhich You maychoose, certain that on any oneyou will be enchanted bY thescener,Y, and that You will gloato\rer the unfortunate beingswho must go from Fiorence bYrail, through tunnels in themountains instead of over theirqlorious tops. Bologna a{Toldsa good point of deParture forRavenna, which should on noaccount be missed, its mosaicsbeing among the flnest in thervolld. Thence to Ferrara,Il,ovigo, and Padua; but on theway to Padua, or during .vourstay there, be sure to exPloreanother little-visited region,the Euganean Hi11s. Thesehil1s are associated with thenames of three great Poets: theItalian Petrarch, who in theyear 1371 came here tro sPendihe rest of his life, and diedeconomic and political mistake,"and that it should be drasticallYchanged. The author believes thattracle-barriers are destined to gradrrallydisappear u-ithin a comparativeiyshort period oI time.-n HE Ministrv of CorPorationsI in Itali' his been Presentedwith a plan, ihe r,vork of the Italiancritic Silvio d'Amico, wherebY aNational Institute of the Dramawould be created. According to hisolan. this institute will organrze athome and Milan two subsidized nationaltheatres and tr'vo companieswhich will play three months of theyear in each oi the trn'o cities' TheyATLANTICA, NCVEMBER, 193Ithree years later in the little is one of the rrlost trulY Italianhouse at Arqui Petrarca, whichyou may visit today; and theEnglish Byron and Shelley.The latter wrote Lines Wrt'ttenAnzong th'e Euganean llillswhile staving in B-r'ron's villanear the town of Este, fromrvhich sprang the great I{ouseof Este, overlords of n'errara,anil famous for many thingpbesicles the two illustriousdaughters, Beatrice and IsabellaD'Este. The old town ofEste is a veritable find for thetraveller who loves the beaut-vof o1d Italian towns unspoiledby thronging tourists and thecommercialization w h i c hcrowds of tourists bring intheir wake. The nearby citY ofPaclua, with its arcaded streets,its ancient UniversitY, itschurch of San Antonio, andabove all its Arena ChaPel,rvhich enshrines the greatestwork of Giotto, mahes a goodcenter from r,vhich to exPlorethe Euganean Hil1s at leisure.And it is in Padua that the motoristleaves his car when hegoes oYer to \renice.FROII Padua to Xlilan, bYI way of the Ttalian Lakes. isthe next to the last 1aP of thisjourney. Sirmione, at thesouthern end. of Lake Garda,{+ATLANTICA'S OBSERVATORY(Continued frotn Page 117)will replace each other in such au-ay ai to give each citY a sixmonthsseason, with iour monthsspent touring other Italian cities,one month in rehearsal and onemonth for vacation. Furthermore,Signor d'.\rnico also has in mindrhE forrnation, within the scoPe ofhis plan, of an experimental theatrein sbme third city in ltaly.TII-ATTERING -*--indeed is it to betl noticed by such a Publicationas "The Ner,v York Medical Week,"rvhich, in its issue of SePt. 26th.contained the following (i" allmorlestv) cornplimentary wo|rls :"Two notable articles in English.of the Lake resorts, with itsBoman ruin's, the great castleof the Scaligers rising out ofthe iake waters, and the verYbeautiful steamer triP uP LakeGarcla to Riva and back. Gardasurpasses all the Italianlakes in the oolor of its water,indescribably blue, turquoise,jade and emerald. Lake 'Como'sfame needs no comment,and from Como to Milan runsone of the autostrad'e, thosemarvellous motor - highwaYswhich. sc far as I know, are tobe found only in ltalY. Thereis no cross-traffic, all the intersectingroads being carriedabove the highway on stonebridges, and for the PaYment ofa toll ,of twenty lire, You sPeedin perfect safety over the roadof -vour dre,ams. There is anautostra,de from NaPles toPompeii. one from Rome toOstia, one from Florence to\riareggio, and several connectingMilan rvith the L,akes andn'il lr Relganro.The last drive of all is fromMilan clown to Genoa and thesteamer for New York. It ishard to imagine anyone enjroYingthis clrive. It means theend of one of the most beautifu1,significant, and insPiringmotor-trips in the world.of interest to confreres, aPpear 1nthe August-September issue of thatattractive Italian monthly reviein-,ATLANTICA. A. P. Vastola, M.D., F.A.C.S., supplies a capitai sixcolrrmnsummary of the Present daYcancer situation The other is an informing account of the sPecialmedical societies in the variousboroughs o[ New York comPosedof physicians of ltalian extractionand their scientific, social and ethicalactivities. Incidentall.v thismagazine is performing a_ most useful.-function-bvinterpreting Americanand Italian culture to an everu,'ideningcircle of teaders."Our -thanks to the "l{edicalWeek" for its kind aPPreciation.

[",IIItCc/cn lal DeuelopmentsItaly in Africa', \l i{'i..-,1 ..i .-1 J.lff-ii'Tffil;*,ri: :-:-:r Dominions, now com-.r-"{ -: &3€, have diplomaticI : i. t::r:Iit&tir-es. The Union of) .-:* Africa has recently es-'i:ri r -::l-Lerl its own legation in-;""-r. ancl Mussolini's govern-.r' :-: has accredited an envoy:. :-:.e Ciovernment of CapeI ";.1. *-hich has rapidly be-:,--l-,: d new centre of interna-"-- - r ai interests. It is not with-.:: sigriificance that the Do--'''r-ion should have promoted:i. iiplomatic relations direct--'- 'rith Italy before any otherllic'pean country. Italy is they,:rnrest of the European co1---,zers. Only in recent years;as sile been able to capitalizei er advantages in Northern,{j'rica by making a strenuousr-'i.itary conquest of all the inian,lterritory in Libya.Liril works followed the cles-'rIwarfare, and Tripoli is nowi-,eing transformed into an uptl:,-datecit;', provided with allrlo,:lern comforts and improvenents.Magnificent remains of:ire ancient Boman Emperorsare coming again to iight, while-an,-l reclamation is going onfavorably, offering to Italianlarmers a valuable experimentalfield for colonization andproduction. Italian colonies donot furnish Italy with the tradewealth that X'rance and Englanclilerive from theirs, buttirev are in a good strategicposition. Tripoli is, in thel{ecliterranean, the centre of\orth Africa, while Massaua,1-'ort of Eritrea on the Bed Sea,By Beniamino de Ritisand }logadiscio, port of theItalian Somaliland on the IndianOcearl, open the way toAbyssinia and Sudan.Tripoli has about sixty thousanclinhabitants, of which themajority are Arabs. An interestirrggroup of sephardic Jewsis scattered along the coast andengaged mostl;' in commerce Iamong other things the Jewsspecialize in the manufactureof silver ornaments, some ofvhich are unusually attractive.The coverecl market which hasits iounterpart in almost everyeastern city, displays a varietyof goods ranging from spices toIledouin rugs and Arabicwraps, cotton goods, brightlycoloredbaskets, beads and siippers.tTtHE most important of ther recent ltalian eonquests inthe inland territories of Libyais the City of Murzuch in I'ez-?an, Murzuch, rvhich was oncea prosperous commercial center,has less than a thousandinhabitants as compared withits thirty thousand of a hunclredyears ago, when the saleof arms ancl the trade in slavesflourished in Africa. The cityis the capital of Fezzan, a largeportion of Libya covering 200,-000 square miles of land acrossthe desert, between the X'renchpossessions of Algeria andTunis on the West and Egypton the East. lVlurzuch, notwithstandingits present status,still represents the commercialgateway of the wealthy regionsaround Lake Chad. It is expectedthat under the efficient157administration of the newItall, it rvill regain its prosperityand open up the traderoutes to Italians from CentralAfrica to the coast of Libya.Another important conquestwas the occupation last Februaryof the Oases of Kufra, 350miles across the open desertfrom the 0asis of Zella Kufra.Formerly the capital of the Senussitribesmen in revolt, itgives Italy the control of thesouthern boundary of Libya,which adjoins French Afrioaand is still unsettled.South Africa, by establishinga dipiomatic Legation inRome, has taken a step thatemphasizes the tendency tomake trade contacts with theIfediterranean and CentralEurope. Rome is far awayfrom Cape Torvn, but the meansof conjunction between Italyand South Africa may well beone of the great Trans:AfricanLines which are under constructionor are being projected.-f-t HE great English Trans-I African British Line is almostfinished. Another X'renchtlrans-African line across theSahara is still in the planningstage. A Tripoli-to-Cape TownTrans - Continental line hasbeen planned to serve Libyaancl Equatorial Africa, andeventually South Africa.Commercial relations betweenItaly and South Africaare still in the pioneeringphase. Direct navigation facilitieswere inaugurated only last(C'ontinued. on page 190)

lAt the l\ ation' s DoorwayEdward Corsi,Commissioner of lmmigrationBy Dominick Lamonicaf TALIANS in this countryI nuo. been appointed tor many high positions ofpublic trust, sometimes, it mustbe confessed, with very littleregard for their fitness, butmerely on the basis of theirpolitical backing. When PresidentHoover last month appointedEdward Corsi, an immigranthimself, as Commissionerof Immigration at trl1isfsland, however, a new elemententered the field amongthe Italians-that of socialleadership. This article, then,might wel] be entitled "FromImmigrant to ImmigrationCommissioner. t tFor the quiet, serious and understandingyoung man whomhis friends know as EdwardCorsi, head workdr at HarlemI{ouse in New York City andCensus Supervisor for Manhattanlast year, has a training, abackground and a fitness forhis new position which couldhardly be improved upon. Eversince hjs graduation from lawschool, his abiding interest hasbeen in sociological problems,more especially immigration,and, as he puts it, his new jobwill enable him to work at "thesource of the problem" whichhe has been faeing for so long.As Commissioner of Immigration,1\[r. Corsi will bring tohis position a fairness, an absolutelyunapproachable honestyand integrity, and an ability tosee both sides of a question thatis a far cry from the qualificationsof the average politicalappointee.And nationalities other thanThe New Comtmssronerthe Italians need not worrlrabout possible discrimination.Having dealt with twentysevennationalities at the HarlemHouse, this young Italianknows their problems andneeds as weli as they do, probablybetter.Born in lhe -Lbrtzzi in Italy34 years ago, he came to thiscountry at the age of four, andwas graduated successivelyfrom the Classon Point MilitaryAcademy, the College ofSt. Francis Xavier and theF,ordham Ilniversity LawSchool. But law apparently158did not appeal to him, for heturned to social work and hasbeen in it ever since. Other interests,necessarily minor, arechiefly three: writing, lecturingand his position as head ofthe Columbian RepublicanLeague.M *;"::iil'',T",T3"il#_defunct New York World, whenhe was but 14. Since then hehas been writing constantly, atfirst as a free-lancer, and it issignificant Urat he never hashad a manuscript rejected.With characteristic foresight,he always made sure there wasa genuine need for his article,and that it was done so as toconform with the publication'spolicy.One of the magazines thathad been accepting his workwas the Outlook, and in 1925that publication sent him d,ownto Mexico to write a series coveringall phases of Mexicanlife. Then, following morefree-lancing, the New YorkWorld, in 1928 selected him togo to Italy and write a seriesof articles on that country.f T must be borne in mind thatr in each case, one of his outstandingqualifications was hisimpartiality and his ability tosee both sides of every question.For this reason theWorld, asked him to write acomment on a series of anony-

t-xlr iti$ trl;_-es widch that newSltiirr., ,r: :i,: t; e f,,'llowing ]-ear On- i,.i,. -r l-- i Fascism. a commentr '&" ' : - i-r \ew York Times,..ii tt.::,. _ _n-nented favorably.I . ::i iers of ArleNrrca,.M: -'::=i's rrritings are famil-..: ,,' "'T 'pics of the Nlonth''-,,r-:.-i t.::ti a regUlaf feature: .: . r:lhlication since last!: : i l'':;ri. Lnfortunately for:- t* ,.I:- ---r. his ne\y positionn:.-. :.: e:-able him to continue" "---iaries on the events of- - ,-i;.:--: l:r:turing, of course, has*..: "rreirl)- concerned with so_-i:al proitlems and immi_" r':: - t rrsrcholog.v. On these- -::iS he has lectured for the-: .r l ,-,t llciucation of the Citv: -, =n- York, for the State De-.: r rrr,:rrt of Education. for- --, fr-rlk L-iniversit"v, and in'.r,-; :Ltniversities the countrY'-:r'. It neecl hardly be addedt --:t uB has been in great de_:r*rrt, i as a speaker among his-.: tt'snlen, whenever the oc_. ii.-i :in clemanded more than: e:,-,ric, praises and gestures:- tie speeches.THE Colurnbian Republicanr- League of l\ew YorkS:ate, of which he has beenr resident since he organized it-r 1926 in Syracuse, now reprtsentssome 24 counties and;as an estimated membershipf .about 50,000. The name,,rcidentaliy, is due to the faclirat the League was founded,-,n Columbus Day.\\-e come to his social work.lfr. Corsi almost literally livesand breathes it. X'or him thereare hardiy any hobbies, diver--.ions, amusements or personalinterests other than thosewhich fall within the scope ofhis social work, which includesthem all and transcends them.Ile has been living at the l{arlemHouse itself, with his wife1n-hom he married four yearsago) and their one child, so thateven his home life and his so-EDWARD CORSIcial work are almost impossibleof dissociation. From the timehe gets up in the morning tilleleven or so at night, he is athis desk working, unless he isout somewhere lecturing.Mild-mannered, earnest andunostentatious, Mr. Corsi is notiike the typical Italian. Histalk is unornamented anci concise.Only on the lecture platformis he emotional in hislanguage, but not in his gestures.And he has a savingsense of humor, a kindliness,and an understanding whichinstantly puts one at ease.l{othing of the traditional officiousnessof the social u'orkeris there about him."What we have been doinghere at Harlem lfouse,,, hesaid in answer to my question,"is more than merelr. instillingin the immigrant theAmerican point of vieu,-. IVehave also tried to bring intoAmeriean life the hest elementsof the immigrant's background.And we are not interested onlvin his civic duties, but in all hisactivities: health, working conditions,housing, characterbuilding and the rest. The jobis harder, of course, because ofthe community the immigrantis forced to live in. "trVhat Edward Corsi has beendoing, the writer must add, hasbeen to build up HarlemHouse somervhat in the mannerof Jane Addams' Hull Housein Chicago, till it is one of thebetter known settlement housesin this country. Not unlikeJaoob Riis, the distinguishedimmigrant, is Edward Corsiin this respect.T,[IE rewards of sociafworkr do not lie in financial recompense,but in the knowledgethat one is doing a valuablepart in molding the nation ofthe future. For money, thenew Immigration Commissionerdoes not care; he has nevereven been in a business venturein his life. Perhaps this pastlesionate willingness to iive foran ideal is a heritage from hisfather, Philip, who, as a Republican(which is to say radical)member of the Italian Parliament,fought against the intrenchedforces of the time.Young l)dward, incidentally,spent part of his childhood inSwitzerland, where his fatherhad been banished for his politicalviews, later returning tohis native land victorious in anelection over the Tammanv ofhis day.It was Edward Corsi who,during the 1930 Census, wasselected as Supervisor for the23rd District, embracing mostof Manhattan, a task for whichhe was peculiarly fitted byreason of his social rvork.4IIONG his various otlrerI \ aftiliations are his membershipson the Board of Directorsof the Council on AdultEducation for the ForeignBorn, the United r\eighborhoodHousehold of New York, theConference on ImmigrationPolicy, and the East Side HarlemHealth Center (now conductingan experiment in publichealth). Ife is also C[airmanof the Board of the EastHarlem Council of SocialAgencies, comprising' all thesocial agencies of upper Manhattan.Yet withal Mr. Corsi has aninterest in athletics and sports,an interest which any head of aseftlement house must have,since they constitute an importantpart of the work itself. Hesees football games (he playedbaseball at college) and likesmusic, especially Yerdi. Oneof the things he looks back tois his captaincy of the debatingteam at St. Francis Xavier, forhe was a leading debater in hisschool days. I{e even confessedthat at one time hedaubed paint on canvas as ahobby, and he stiil maintains aninterest in art. Only in the(Continwed, on page 162)

Great E ochs oItalian ArtItalian Artin the 17th CenturyBy Alfonso Arbib-CostaProfessor of ltalian at the College of the City of New YorkIV.T N the lasi vears of tlrc l6thI Corturv, consequolrt to tlreICouncii of Trent and tlrervork of Catholic Reform accomplishedin that famous assembl;.,there was in Italy akind of second Benaissance inwhich the religious sentimentpredominated. This Renaissanceis personified in literatureby Torquato Tasso anclhts J erusalem, Deli,,"-ereiL, and.in art by the rvork of the Carracci,tr,vo names which showthe intimate relations existingthen between letters and art.A striking proof of this isfound in the great number ofsubjects borrowed from theGe,rusalemme Li,berafa b-v theartists who were the poet's contemporaries.Tasso's preoccupationrvith religion and thedeep sincerity of his faith arealso found in the greatest numberof the artists of that epoch.tsut that return to religious inspirationwas in no way a returnto the asceticism of theMiddle Ages. The part of mythologywas to be limited, andthe subjects imposed on the artistwere those in which orthodoxyand morals found nothingto reproach. But the writers,even ecclesiastic, who composedtheir treatises to moralizeand sanctify the art ofpainting, did not in any waythink of bringing it back to theprinciples of execution rvhichprecedecl what l.as called the"pagan invasion. " One remarkablefact rvill, horvever,The lollowing article is theIast ol a series ol tour byProl. Arbib-Costa on greatepochs of ltalian 'art. It fol.lows those in preaious issuesol ATLANTICA on,'6The Pre'cur,sors ol the Renaissanrce:Giotto to Nlasaccior" "Leonardod.a Vinci and His Contemporariesr".und ioTlrc Tirnesol IlIichael Angelo andRaphael." Prof. Arhib{o.stahas treated in his articles, butin a rnore extensioe way, thesanne topics upon whbh herecently dwelt in a series olradio talks oaer Statiort VNYClor the "Air College') ol C. C.N. v.show hol' much the sentimentof pure art was weakened: thatrvas the project quite seriouslyinitiated and reluctantly abandonedto destro--v Michael Angelo'sLast Judgment in theSistine Chapel, which was notdeemed consonant rvith Christianqrthodoxy.I S architecture has not, inI \ tho e.1'es of Church wr.iters,a direct moral action andbecause there are no subjectsto impose on it, there was nothought to carr,r' it back to adistant past. It is even at the160time of which we speak thatthere was constitutecl the architecturen-hich n as c'alled Jesuitic,l.recause the Jesuitsadopted it and pr.opagated it inth,e numerous churches whichthev built in all Christendomancl even in China rvhere theyhacl their rnissions. Manyeramples of this church archilectureare to be found in LatinAmerica, especiall.v in Mexicoancl Peru.-f-Htr r'eligious sentimentI was then continuing to beweakened in architecture, whileit was revivecl in the other arts,and the clearest proof is foundin the Ohurch of St. Peter inR'ome where several. architectsfollowed in the footsteps ofMichael Angelo during theman,v decades of its construction"St. Peter's gives, in fact,more the impression of a palacethan that of a church, and inits immense naves the sentimentof religious reverence ishardly felt. The circular colonnadeof the Piazza frontingthe Church was the work ofBernini, an artist who knewhow to unite in that work a majesticsimplicity to a rich imagination,which must be particularlypraised in him becausehe undoubtedly gaveproofs of doubtful taste inmany of his other works executedin Rome.

IT.\LIAN ART IN THTI 17TH CENTURY161M,nnUmLlm- -e-,i: i1lso the great-'*rptl ]huu,r- s::lr't'rr of tlie 17thrllNi*lniruil:'"ix-. T' _l e eraggeratedIrr,{$Ij[rtt]1.1j- j-'r ,fto,.t anCl the bad,.il: '.-', lh-__'.-_ ue €laYe more;ill-ll u . tl: :riilrtple mfrst nOt!,il]"'r,irrt|Il r*:",.::Lizing in him ari, llirli) ril;1114a4g; ,L,f iife anCl expreS-',. .-.L - I:- T-...- -.ir-',Fell fAl'pl\ SuI.-ll [[lr-:*"j..: ,1,." l-.' =r mas irt that timc: r, ri:* fi : r t,-r :culptnre but it hasi@"*tl a:*e tlre les_q the object of.,'.r'inl i: jurlmrents. IfithoutL,r:rii i.. i,,r SdI nothing of the' 1 : "'"-:* of g:enius, rvhich is alrh, r i e!. e\ception and which,iu,:. ' ,,t appear then, we do nottn " -r rhe 17th century the en-:;-rL rn-hJtrr of the Renaissance in'l:1,. l-itrl century. The art of11, rt. I ifh is a lezrrned, latheru.r[]iiii." illr inslrit.ed ar:t. ff oricv""";:i-.. 1 tL) srr,m up the characteri ; " e new ,cehool 6ne wo1lfl sa,r.llq; 11 is an academic art, but.: :;'e i-'est sense of the r,vord.Tre L'itr of Bologna was to,: il,e center of that great:t,.;n:ment. Bologna had been. r ,:enturies a rich and learnecl, "- where the letters, the law,-t - .eiences \yere equallf il| :r - r'. A fzlct rrhich shows, rr irrtellectuai culture existecli::r',: iS the number of Bolog-::e \rortren who obtainecl a de-*:I"T€r1 reputation for tJreir ar-:r:tic talent. The sculptural;'i-,,rk of Prtiperzia cle' Rossi,1. i the paintings of Laui,ni,a!-, iitcrrtn, ancl El,isabetta Li,rani-rrP an almost nnique example, I feminine snccess in fine arts' Italr.^\t the end of Uie 16th Cen-:urr and in the first decade of:he 17th, the Bolognese schoolwas to place itself in the lirstt'ank, thanks to Luclovico Carracciand to his trvo cousins andnupils, Agostino ancl Annibaler-'allacci.E first wor.ks of LuclovicoJ-H I Can'acci rr-ere coldl)- re-,:eived. His serious simplicityseemecl a lack of skill ancl force.But he was not discouragecl; hecalled to work under him hist'wo cousins Agostino and Annibale,ancl soon founcled in hisnative city a real academywhich has been the model ofa1i the fine arts schools thatfolloweci it.Agostino Calracci, eng'raverand painter, scholar antl poet,was a zealous ancl copious artist,but Annibale is superior tohim, and is the most famous ofthe three Carracci. Annibaleileserves to be placed immecliateiyafter the great men ofgenius of his art. His niythologioalfrescoes in the X'errnesePalace as g'ell as his religiousdetached, paintings-many ofwhich are in the Louvre Museumin Paris-his p,ortraits,his scenes of life rvhere thclandscape has a large par.t, areall witness of a great talent, ofa noble and natural character.-f- HU onlr irrfluence that u'irsr felt in Jtaly in the begirrningof the 17th century to rivaithe art of the Carracci wasthat exercisecl b5 foIichael r\ngeioAmerighi, known unclerthe name of Calavaggio, whorvas the chief of a new realisticsel r ool.Caravaggio was a self-madeartist. .\n apprentice mason,he hacl taken to painting byseeing the painters work on theplaster which he had prepareclfor their frescoes. When hearrived in Rome the "Manieristi"triumphecl there, but hisdecidecl realism rvith typescaught from true life, so clifferentfrom the insipidness thenin r.ogue had a prodigious success.lVithout speaking of theoriginalitr. of execution ancl thepowerful relief of his paintings,there is in Caravaggio atrue sentiment of grandeur.Carar''aggio has hacl a consiclerableinfluence which is felt evenin our da,vs, and which has notalways been exercised by artistsquite superi,or to him.Through Ribera, his pupil, hehas impressed upon the Neapolitanschooi certain characteristicsl4rich it had to keepas long as it existed, and alsothrough Ribera, his influence isfelt in the Spanish School.\\'e can only mention byname a few notable artists ofthe Bolognese school: GuidoReni, who has a rare talent ofcornposition ; Domenico Campieri,known as Domenichi,no, andGiovanni Barbieri, nicknamedGtterci,m,o, -who is, after Correggioand Rembrandt, one of themasters of chiar,oscuro.It is only in the 17th centur5-ihat the NeapolitanSchool takes its place in thehistory of art, although it hadas far back as the 15th centurypainters of talent and inspiration,among them Antonello daMessina. But it was in thelTth centur;' that it flourished,under the leadership of an artistof Spanish origin, Jose Ribera,known in ftaly by hisrricknarne o f Spagnoletto.Ribera, who lived from 1588to 1656, was born in Valenciain Spain. He came to R,ome tostudy under Caravaggio, thenhe changecl his manner by theimitation of Correggio. But hewas everr mole of a realist thanhis master Caravaggio. Certainof his subjects are, indeed,so frig'htfu11)' r"u,t*rtc, that heat times goes beyond everymeasure and becorr-res even repugnantby his scenes of carnageand by his singular tasteof painting types affiicted withhorrible maladies.r|1o the school of Ribera be-I long Stanzioni, AmielloX'alcone, Luca Giordano andthe most remarkable, afterRibera himself, of all the artistsof the Neapolitan School,Salvator Rosa.Salvator Rosa, who livedfrom 1615 to 1671, had an adventuronslife, rvhich left animprint upon his works. A musicianand a poet as well as apainter ancl an engraver, hehas given in his art a new note

162from which more than one artistdrew his inspiration, evenin our days. His furiouscharges of cavalry, his attacksof bandits, his landscapeswhere he liked to reproducecraggy rocks, sinking slopes,and twistecl trees over ab;'sses Ithe fantastic light of his subjects,make of him a romanticbefore romanticism. He loves*as he savs in his letters-the" divine solitudes " and he addsthat every inhabited place is amortal enemy to his eyes.There are, however, worksfrom his brush more tranquiland finished, such as tlne Conaer sat'ions of Phi,lo s o 7th,er s andespecially the Bib1ical sceneswhich he painted for theChurch of Santa Maria delPopolo in Bome and which, aftervarious peregrinations,found a refuge in the ChantillyMuseum.A CELEBRATED painter,( \ of the second half of the17th CenturY was Luca Giordano,famous especially for hisprodigious facility of execution.He imitated to the pointof creating a complete illusionsuch different artists as AlbertDiirer, Guido Beni, Titian orATLA\ITICA, N O\TEMBtrR, 1931Raphael. One day ancl a nalfsulliced him to paint a greatpicture for an altar; a fewhours for a portrait. trYithoutdoubt he was remarkably giftedand in the worhs in which heconsented to put some time anclsome care-especially in thepairrtings at the Escorial inMadrid and the glorious ceilingin the Ricciardi Palace in Florence,he showecl himself a plea'sant, ingenious and even correctdecorator.fl tiT art. which had resiste,lD longu" than all the rest,was itself dragged after literaturein the general decaderrceof Itaiy. The country itself,divided into small states near-Iv aI1 subject to a foreignprince, was nothing but a remembranceof past glory, hardlya hope. Without doubt it is'wrong to say that the Italiangenius of the Renaissance hadshone only in the intellectualorder. Italy had then-and ingreat number-men ol' actionof the first rank and surelyColumtrus-to quote only theilost iliustrious-cuts a greatfigure even next to MichaelAngelo. But, from that timeuntil tlie glolious Ri,sorgimento,Italy's great soldiers, greats,ailors, great statesmen andgreat diplomats must needplace themselves at the serviceof other nations. The evil onlyincreases in the following century,the eighteenth. Itaiy willbe, more than any country,ravaged by wars and she wiilserve as the battlefield for interestswhich are not hers. Asthe poet Filicaja said, " Shewill fight under foreign flags,always to be slave, in victoryas in defeat. " Where couldtherr the artist find a strong inspiration,a source of nolileand profound emotions ? Thefirst rank in the arts was thenoccupied by happier nations,but, if nothing e1se, Italy mustbe admired for having so longoccupied a place which leftback at a great distance hercompetitors in the field of artsand letters.The Great Epochs of ItalianArt ended-for rvhat is histor.l'the seventeenth century.-in But they may come back in thenew world that is preparingnow and in which the Italianpeople may take a part not inany way inferior to their eloriouspast.lsummertime, however, does heget a chance to see nature.Mr. Corsi (need it be L€peated?)knows and understandsthe immigrant thoroughly."His viewpoint neeclsleadership, not only of a politicalkind, but social, which hasbeen lacking in the past," hepointecl out. "It tnttst be socialif it is ever to amount toanything. Someone must standup for the idealism of thegroup, even to the exclusion ofpersonal gain.EDV/ARD CORSICommissioner of Immigration(Continwerl from po.ge 159)"It has been said that theideals of the o1d world mustbe reconcilec-l with those of thenew. \Ye all know that aspiritual as well as an economictie must be formed betweenthem. But this "melting pot"idea, this "taking the best ofboth and oombining them"needs peopie who know, understancland sympathize withrboth points of view if anythingis to be accomplished. It isfatal to be patronizing to animmigrant, for he will seethrough it immediately. Humanunderstanding is the s'dmaqua, non of the social worker.After all, whatever else we are,\Ye are first of all humanbeings. "It is with this intensely humaneredo to go by that EdwardCorsi, the Commissionerof lrnmigration, will tackle hisnew job of cleaning up the situationin Ner,v York City's Portand making the gateway of thenation a more human and amore humane institution.

,Sp;rrs of OtdRenaissance FootballBy Arnaldo CervesatoTranslated by Dominick LamonicaI{E ^\rnerican people areil the miclst of anotherIrrotltall season, which:lrrr*;rr s that eyery Saturda; ,rn i t iiunclred thousands, thelv:tr.:" ;'- e'th'siastic follorvers;:ir :*:r t, r university stadia, tolr.t:*r riq.orously for their favi:':;+tearn (or in the case of asl-e er pelcentage of them, for;".*ir AIma Mater) and to boo:r.Er-Ltih- the opposing team.Ei-iiiirerently the spectatorsI rienlr criticize every unfavor-:i:,.e rlecision of the referee, apllandwildly when touchdownsirl field goals are scorecl, ye1l:t,:i-rlll&$itrgly to their team's:tar. and join in the. nniquely.{-nerican practice of organ.-rr.i cheering, led by capable: r" +er-leaders.1[t is particularly appropriatert this time to point out to such-iins (rnless they are too ab--.,.'rirecl in reading the dail"v'effs]laper accounts of theiri+am's activity during practice=e=sions) that the essential ele-:lents of football, i. e., an iniatedball, two opposing sides,a,lrancing the ball by kicking:,r punching it through the rivalir'8r1, etc., are not original withthe llnited States, nor, as it issouretimes believed, is it inEngland. In the case of footl,allas in the case of manlrrither American institutions,its roots go back to ltaly, more.:pecifically, to the Italy of theRenaissance.This past summer an especiallyinteresting game wasplayed at Milan ancl later atl'Jorence, attended by the Kingof ltaly. It is called "calcio,"and its interest 1ay in the factthat it was played exactly 1s i1used to be pla,ved in those citiesin the halcyon days of the 16tltcentury, even to the detail ofthe elaborate and picturesqueregalia of the period." Calcio " means literally"kick," antl as far back as thelate 1500's there were manualsin Italian on how to improveone's playing of the ancientgame, even as today, ever;. outstandingstar has written atleast one book concerning thecorrect method of pia;'ing hisspecialt;'. One of these oldmanuals, t'On the Game ofX'lorentine Calcio, " b)- a certainCount Giovanni de'Barcli(there is no- way by which wecan tell whether the Count happenedto be one of the game'sleading exponents, or simply asideline theorist) contains,roughly, the following definitionof the game: " Calcio is apublic game between two teamsof young men, afoot and unarmed,who compete in afriendly way in advancing, towardthe opposing goa1, an inflatedbali, in order to win glor--vfor their side. "f T is with this simple andr somewhat naive definitionthat the Count de' Bardi beginshis manual of the ancientFlorentine pastime, explainingmeticulously and illustratingthe rules then prevalent.And the value of his treatise163for us today is that it showswithout an)r dgubt the wholl1.Florentine origins of the gamcnow commonly known throug'houtthe world by the Englishname of football; it makes evident,moreover, the added factthat it is still played substantiallyas it used to be in thoseclays.The calcio field used to beabout a hundred meters longand half as wide, which is notvery different from our ownfootball gridirons. The differencein numbers, however, ismore noticeable, the players atthat time numbering twentysevenon eaeh side, called, variousl;t,t tcorridori,'' "iunanzi,''''sconciatotir" " datori innanzi"and "datori addietro."Literal translations of theseterms would, be respectively,runners, forwards, spoilers,forward deliverers, and reardeliverers, showing a resemblanceto our forwards andbacks.From the manual we learrrthat the game was usuallyplayed in the Piazza SantaCroce, with the Church itselfas a background. Moreover,on special occasions, it waspiayed in livery, the playersdonning elaborate, luxuriouscostumes, and, on entering andleaving the fie1d, being precededand followed by drummers,halberdiers and music.This is exactly how the sportwas staged this past summerwhen it was played in Milanand X'lorence. Incidentalll we

lilI (r+ATLANTICA, NOVtr\{BER, 1931$londer in what condition thecosturnes must have been inafter a particularly strenuousperiod of hardfoughi pla"v.The game of calcio, it mustbe nnclerstood, was not forever;'one; it was a t tnoblesport. " As a matter of fact,only "honored soldiers, gentlemen,lords and princes t' 'were:rllowecl to pla;'it, and perhapstire expense of maintaiiringtheir costly equipment also haclsornething to do with it, not unlikepolo today. Among thosewho found pleasure ancl playin the tr'Iorentine game wereTior€nZo the Magnificent, Giuliode'Medici (later Pope ClementVIr), Alessandro de' ]Ieilici(afterward Leo X), MatteoBarberini (Urban VII), LorenzoDuke of Urbino, AlessandroDuke of Florence, Cosimo I,Cosimo II, tr'rancesco GranclDuke of Tuscany, Prince Vincenzodi Mantova, ancl Plincch-lnrico di Condd.M 1T'l'; #?" $" lrl;X5",,1X?ir'-ent down in calcio histor,r' ancln''ei:e rememberecl fondly b)'the players and spectzrto::s.One of the rnost celebrzlted wasthat rnentioned by Guerrazzi inhis "Siege of Flolence." Theparticipants in this game,playecl on Februar5, LTth, L529,\Yere the same young men,friencls and soldiers of X'rancescoFerruccio, who were defenclingtheir City of Florenceagainst a siege. To show theircontempt and clisdain for thepuny attempts of the enemyoutside their gates,.anil zrlso to1encl 6clo,t to the occasion, the-vhad postecl trumpeteers anddrummers on the roof of theChurch of Santa Croce. Thegesture was a grand one: theyplayed literallv under fire, for,in angry answer to the insoienttrumpets and drums, th.e enemyfirecl a cannon-shot at thespectacle, a shot, holever,which fortunatel--v was too high,ancl which hurt no one.Our historian the Count cle'Barcli even clescribes in cletailirow tlte plavers n'ere chosetrfor their respective positionsaccorclin-g to their physicalqualities. Another interestingsection concerns the positionsassumecl by the plavers. Itseems that every man had hisappointecl piace on the field,from rrhich he was not supposedto stray very far, a practicereminiscent of a modernbaseball team on the defensive.Sports writers and others tocla;'6u*oun the softening ofthe rnodern game of football,recalling the good olil daysl'hen the American game macleuse of such he-mannish tacticsas cerrtre rLrshes, fl,ving wedges,line-lrurdling, etc. ,\n occasional(perhaps evcn more than" occasional ") bit of ",slugging,"at that time, was alsoregarded as " all in the game. "Apparently these rougher aspectsof the game also featureclits Renaissance prog€nitor, forthc goocl Count fincls it necessar-ymore than once to rebukethose too-arclent ]-oung menrvho so far forgot themselvesas to let loose a furtive blow ofthe fist or two against their opponents,something which, evenin those days, was looked nponwitlr a skance.A ''crrcciA, " or goal. rrruehI I like oul' louclrdorvrrs toda;.,resulted when the bail wasadvanced either b)' kick orpunch, beyoncl the last line ofthe enemy and behind the goalline. Tt was considered foul ifthe ball went "ont-of-bounds,"as we call it toda.v, and it wasalso foul if the ball, hit byhand, el.er $'ent higher thanthe lieight of an ordinary man.(Probably el'en in those days,if umpires ancl referees existed,iheir lot must have been farfrom an eas.Y one, for we canvisualize the man-Y disputesand heatecl arguments ensuingover the definition of the heightof an ordinary man in a crucialmoment of a big game!) Tu'osueh fouls recorclecl against oneside counted as a "cacciat' orgoal for Ure other side.Just as, in our modern collegiatefootball, the goals arechangecl at the end of the quarters,so the oid Renaissancefootball warriors also changedgoals, but in their case afterthe scoring of every goal. Victory,of course, went to theteam scoling the greatest numberof goals, and the fewestnumber of fouis. ft is problematic,al,however, if the calcioteams of those days had anythingcorresponding to the developmentsnow typical of ourgreatest Fall sport: commercialism,too mueh emphasis ongate receipts, prima clonn:rcoaches, pr:ofessionalism, trickplays, etc. The manual ofColrnt de' Barcli is singularlvsilent orr this point.o L""i: TJ",'.?.lffi l,l";]lltairr, although no mention ismade of it in "On the Game ofFlorentine Calcio. " Throughoutthe ages, in any game, sportor rivalrv, some one or moreparticipants have always shonemore brightly than their teammates,a,nd no doubt even inthose days there must havebeen something correspondingto our present-dav hero-worship.

f,lll1--,*llq fi.the SouthThe ltalian Art Exhibitin Birmingham:: r ,; =; iwr) D]Orltlls hat'er-:--=:t,]. iu one of the.:,. t:-r 's I'reatest cities,'Lirr l: =,--ii,iti,,,n of Jtalian irt' ,,: :. ': ,rtlr-f in this country. L* I:eiiiln lrt Exhibit helcl,"r: :l' -.:*- -ligham cluring Septemi,tI r".:. i r ictolter. More thanilr t t." it is estimated, havei i,l$:.i t,t Birrningham to yiew.;,lLrt Eql'iirit. valued at over arLft::;r rf a million dollars,rulr I :i: r,. rliateral attraetions.-ilr,rlling' to the recent cen-: t:" -r ,-i[ .-,f a total population of-!ii-,1nt'u_r ip Birmingham, onl;.'i,,i,i4 lor altout 21/z%),r.:"+ ,:,f ntahan blood. All1.I. sreater., ltecause of: r-s- is the achievement,;j :,,:i*.e who have made.:- Exhibit a success.T:e Italian colony of::n; city, through iheir*.:':'ietries, gave unstint-":cic and more thanr n. r-idecl their share,::rnirq g2ooo of the$";]lr.r's,1 needed by theEirndngham Chamberf Commerce Commitii€Ṫhis Committee r,vasrganized in July, 1980,r a eall issued by Sam-Ltl L. Earle of theElmringham l,ibraryBr:raril, to assist the,:its's l,Iuseum Associati:nancl its fta[an citiz+nsin bringing 1oBiluringbam a portion:'f the beauties of Itaiy.Fine oil paintings,',r'orz€sr gold, silver,urarbles, ancient book-bindings,works of carrring in carneo andalabaster, tc'rtiles, regionalcosturnes, rnrisic, moclels, etchings,anct decrlatir-e l,-orks ofzrll peliods s-ere zrll inclutled inthe Erhibit.As eally as the lregirrrring' ofSeptember the r.arions objetsd'art were olr ilisplar. at thePuhlic Librar.v ilrll lfuseum,anil over: 3000 peoplc attelc]eclon the {ilst da-r alone.Thc forrnal prer.ierv Lecep-Lion \\'as lielcl on September14th, the guest of honor beingFIis Excellency $6511e GiacomottMadorura" by Andrea del Sartoby Metropolitan Gallcries, N, Y.-Loailecl165de Martino, Ro.val Italian Am-Jrassaclor to the linited States,uncler whose high patrronagethe Exhibit rvas helo. The featureof this occasion was thepresentation of a bronze replicaof the farnous CapitolincWolf from the Governor ofR,ome, Prince Boncompagnil-.,uc1ovisi, to the Birminghamlfuseum. The original of thiswolf is said to have been castby the early Bomans in comrnemorationof the founding ofthe city and is reputed to havebeen made in the year 296 B. C.It is now in the Capitroline Museumof Rome.T1HE ollicial openingI of the Italian ArtExhibit took place ont,he following day, Sept.15th, which was officialiydesignated as "ItaI;'Day" by proclamationof the Hon. J. M. Jones,Jr., President of theBirmingham City Commission.The highiightof this, the formal opening,was the installationof one hundred paintingsfrom the recentQuadrennial Exhibit atBome, sent with thegreetings of His ExceliencyBenito Mussolini.These were in additionto the many fam,ousoriginals of Italian arton display, by such mastersas Jacopo Tintoretto,Andrea Del Sarto,Corraoo Giaquinto, Paolo\reronese, Giovanni

l166ATLANTICA, NOVI1X'II3trR, 193i.Boldini, Arturo Noci and man_-Yothers, lent by some of the leadinggalleries in the countr;., aswell as excellent copies of anumber of others.N elaborate historical pageant,emblematic of thespirit of Italy, was staged atthe Municipal Auditorium onSeptember 18th, as one of thecollateral attractions to theExhibit, participated in b,trnore than a hundred dancersand singers. Another was themusical concert held under theauspices of the BirminghamMusic Studl- Club, rvhich includedan interpretation andlendition of Italian music b;.artists of international note,assisted by local talent. Thistook plaee toward the latterpart of October.A feature of the trlxhibit wasthe program of lectures ancl addressessupplementary to it.The opening acldress was clelir.-ered by Dl. Cav. llario Dessaules,Ror-al Italian Cousul atNew Orleans, ancl eight )ecturesin all were cleliverecl duringthe two months, at one-rveekintervals. The;. included subjectssuch as "The IVomen ofthe Royal House of Savo}. flepthe l2th Century to the Present"by Mrs. Carla Bruno Averardiof Rome, "Dante: Interpreterof Ital1''s Middle Age"by Dean G. W. Meacle of BirminghamSouthern College," The'Italian Artist-A Man'sMan" by Dr. A. G. Loehr ofthe Birmingham Chamber ofC'ommerce, and t'The Beginningsof tlie trine Arts in lta1y")ry Car'. Frank Deeclmeyer, formerUnitecl States Consul inItaly.It was the members of thiscommittee who arranged toborrorv original paintings ofItalian masters from theX{etropoiitan Alt Galleries inNew York; a collection of ltalianfurnitrue, bronzes andsculptures from li'rench & Co.,New York; colored prints, pho-tographs and textiles from theMetropoiilan Museum of FineArts in Nex' York I several basreliefsof the 15th and 16th centuriesfrom De tr{ottee, Inc., ofNew York and Paris; 25 oilpaintings of Aristicle S'artori,J. C. CatanzanoCluirtnqil of the Italiqn,Lrt E.rlibit Contniticebelonging to the Italian gover'rlrnent,ancl an unlimitecl number'of articles representing variousarts and decoratir.e crafts previously,onclispiatr. at the InternationalExposition at Monza,Ital.v. 'Ihe private collectionof Dr. Ugo Spinola was alsocalled upon, as well as a beautifulcollection of embroideries,lugs, flgurines, etc., from the-\ewark Il ttseurtt.The Italian Confederation ofProfessional Artists sent anenormorls clnantity of material,with a representative, Dr. \rincenzoI'ago, to display it. Anorganization of Italian publisherssent an exhibit of ltalianbooks, and the factories ofPrincess Rorghese, at Practicadi Mare (near Rorne), famousthroughout many centuries forfine potter;r, s€nt samples oftheir best ware. Among thesculptures rrere examples ofthe work of N{adame FaustaVittcria Mengarini, Italy'sforemost modern womansculptor, and the linens, laces,velvets ancl tapestries of theGallenga factories were aisorepresented, together with the" porcellane " from Lavena.-[.HROUGH the ltaly Ameri-I ca Societv an assortmenlof precious works of the EnteNazi,onale per l,'Arti,gi,a,nato ele Piccole Ind,ustrie (handcraftindustries) were obtained.The whole display, which receivedthe enthusiastic supportof the prcss and the local authorities,constituted an array ofItalian beauty in all its phases,truly representative of thefine arts from the R,enaissanceto our own day.Credit for having carriedthrough this glorious projectto a successful conclusion mustuncloubtedl). go to the Executir.eCommittee, which left nostone unturnecl to make the Exhibitsomething to be rememhereclfor -,vears to come. Asiihailman, Mr. J. C. Catanzanohas been at the f,orefront rf allthe Committee's activities, andire is to be congratulated by theItalians of this country. As--sisting him on the Committee\vere Samuel L. Earle, vicechairman,A. R. Passavant,secretary, J. J. Fiore and P. J.Lombardo, assistant secretaries,Joseph Maggio, treasurer,H. tr. Wheeler, curator, SamDaidone, Il,occo Le'c, VictorTorina, John Greco, I'rank Rumoreand Paul Toscano.Associated with the ExecutiveCbmmittee l.ere the presiclentsof six of Birmingham'sItalian societies: A Daidone, A.M. Bome,o, Sam Schilieci, J.Liberto, A. Schilleci and Mrs.W. P. Pickard. It must not beforgotten that the womenplayed an important part inthe various activities. TheLadies' Committee was composedof IIrs. J. C. CatatTzano)I[rs. G. A. tr'irpo, ]Irs. JosephNIaggio, Mrs. Litlie Trippi,Mrs. Frank Rurnore and Mrs.W. P. Pickard. D. Lamoniea

flor;r*sfrl and ProgressThe ltalians in Philadelphiarllll ..riii,t:., tr*Ii{ ilELPHIA presentsr= ;r-i j, an excellent exfiI-r,-:"fwhat the Italians::,:a have achieved since€. rr1l€ inhabitants of thei\--11,,1. To enumerate ali',ui, .:" tf , rt'tS in the variousr', ." .- eu,-leavot woulcl be anl.:-,.. - :. task. Ilowever, I shalliir'il-. r-l;sQlf only to the high-l-rr the progress of thel-r . - . =.:,', ir :. rrhich has been Iur:.r"-.r: -*-ith riifferent activi--:::.;i:r.iic,r show that Phila--: r : ii'" is the home of 400,000i .,-..r... cornprising one-fifthi ::." i:it1-'s total population of*" i r.rr-ir_r[. Of this sum close to-' t . rql,l are American citizens.I . tact alone should be an, , :r'aging evidence that tliel.i'.,-rius are not only anxious to.,: -' ,,rr-r€ law-abiding citizens:: are also eager to adoPt thei- r-iit,,1 States as their Per-:-:..rent home.Belore going any furtirer it-s weli to lay emPhasis on:-. fact that most of the ltal-:i,rs \-ho crossed the Atlantic;;r'c humble peasants ancl la--,,rers, but vibrant with high:r,rr,'-l uniliscouraged hoPes'Treil iox'i5' origin ilid not prer,-rrtthem from aspiring andj,,,l-,ing for enlightenment andr'1r-rrncement. What theY asr,ileclto do, theil children ancl,rr,i|-lren's children have ex-.i'utcd bv going to school anclI'r'anching out into the man;'ililc1 Yarious channels of humanencleavor"There arc in the Public anclparochial schools of Philadelphiaabont 50,000 stuilents ofBy Theresa F. BucchieriItalian extraction, 15,000 ofwhom are attencling junior andsenior high schools and about5,000 of whom are enrolled inAs art. actiae member olPhiladelphia's InternationalClubo Miss Bucchieri toasasked. to rnake a suraey of theItalians in her home city. Thelollowine arlicle is an out''growth "of the ilata collectedby her concerning what t'helialians haue donb in Philadelphia,Miss Bwcchieri is acoit ibutor to serseral Philadelphianewspdpers, bothItalian and English, and. sheparticipates actiaely in thebtaic lite ol 'athe Quaker CityJ'the universities and colleges.And every year the institutionsof higher learning turn out agoodly number of Italian physicians,pharmacists, dentists,lawyers, teachers, financiers,students versecl in the arts, ete.'T1t{E medieal realm of Phila-I dolpl,iu hoasts of over 145ltalian phJ.sicians, ail of rvhomare members of the PhiladelphiaCounty Medical Societ-r'.In this group we have severaloutstancling medical men. Atthe }fisericordia HosPital rvehave Dr. Max \{. Strumia, anerpert pathologist, who is clirectorof the laborator;' dePartment.At ttre same institutionwe also fincl Dr. Frank Mogaveroas assistant surgeon toDr. G. Mulier, chief surgeon.Ancther recognized surgeon isDr. Giocchino Gambah'o rvhois assistant to Dr. W' W. Babr67cock, chief surgeon at theSamaritan Hospital. Dr. Gambalvois also instructor insurgery at Temple Universit;'.Stilt another recognizedsurge,on is Dr. P. F. Lucchesiwho is chief resident surgeonat the Philadelphia Hospitalfor Incurable Diseasesin Byberry. Of the ear andthroat specialists among theItalians the most prominentone happens to be Dr. R. A.Luongo. He has dail-v clinicsat the Pennsylvania Hospital.Dr. Frederick Baldi, formerpresident of the PhiladelphiaCounty Medical Society, haslong acted in the capacity ofphysician and inspector for thePhiladelphia Board of Count-1.Prisons. Ancl at the \YarVeterans Hospital we haveas chief consultant Dr. \rincentl)iodati. Then at JeffersonCollege we have Dr.John De Carlo as instructorin anatomy and at HahnemannMedical College rve find Dr.L. P. Tori as quiz master.Finally we have Dr. Helen M.Angelucci, the only Ttalianwoman phvsician in the citY.Her expert work in obstetricsand pediatrics has won hermuch favorable comment fromher fellorv-professionals.Acljoining the medical clomainwe have the fields ofpharmacy and clentistrY inwhich we har.'e quite a ferv rePresentatives.There are a littleover 100 pharmacists andabout 55 clentists. In the lattergroup we have one woman dentist,Miss Marie V. Rende.As for the field ;of }aw, sta-

168tistics inclicate that there aleover 80 lawyers, several ofvrhom are holding \:el)' responsiblepositions. JudgelXugene V. -t\lessandroni heaclsthe iist of imPortant Personagesas Juclge in the CommonPleas Court, No. 5. Ilcllowinghim rve have the two l-rrothelsCarman C. and JosePh Baidias Representatives in the StateLegislature. Serving in thiscapacity we also have BlaseCatania. Then we have X'rankGogtia as Assistant Directorof the Department of PutriicHealth; Joseph De\rito as AssistantDistrict Attorne; ; HerbertPinto as Assistant Ci['Solicitor; John De Nero asMagistrate and JosePh P. Bar'-teliucci as Chief Clerk of thcMunicipal Court. Among thecriminal lawyers Adrian Bonnellyis the most outstancling.Of women legal aclvisers wehave two, Mrs. Lena FuscoHurlong and Nliss l\{aria TeresaLauria, who Praetices inthe Supreme Court.Inasmuch as finance seemsto be the t'oPic of cliscussionthese clays it is quite aPProPriateto mention something aboutour ltalian financial world. Inthis channel of activitY we takepride in saying that we havenumerous successful banker:sand. flnanciers connected withsuch banking houses as BancaCommerciale ltaliana, which isthe sixth largest bank in theworld and the largest of itskind, Columbus Title ancl TrustCompany, Sons of ltalY Bankand Trust ComPan.v, Bank ofItaly and Trust ComPan-1'.Girolamo Tumolili's Privatebank and Yincent D'Ambrosio'sprivate bank.'-f-UFi rtc.xt thirrg' to Lre eott-I sideled. is jorrnralistn alttlthe important role it PlaYs iiiItalian life. There are threenewspapers rvhich are Publishedhere, "L'OPinione," &daily, and "La Liberta" atrd"T,a Libera .Parola" which areATLANTICA, NOVE\,IBER, I93Iweeklies. llhe Itzllians alsrchave tlie PhiladelPhia eclitionof three outstanding Nel'YorkItaiian newspapers, "Il Progresso,""Bolletino dellaSerat' ancl "Corriere cltArnerica."\Ye have man-l successfulne\rspaper men, but one towersovel the othels. He is Gniclo\iitrone, etlitor of the Philadeiphiaedition of "I1 Progresso.''.\ man of rare eruclition, he isa Jesnit graduate ancl the Possessorof doctors' tlegrees inI-,iteratule and PhilosoPhv.Linf'cltunatel5. there is onl1' onc)-oung woman' the. writer, interesteclin this fascinating pur:-suit.Teaching is a favorite Professionamong the Italians. Weharre several hunclred men andwomen in this educational activit,v,man)r of whom are techingin high schools ancl colleges.Among them is Domenic'o \rittorini,pr:ofessor of Italian atthe llnir.elsit.v of P enns-vh'aniaancl tire author of "The lVloclernItaiian Not'el." Althougltthe greatest Predilection is forrornance languages, \\-e hat'equite a few instructors inrnathematics, chemistrl-,, historvand social science.And now to mention rvithpraise some of the hig'h-1ig'htsin that illustrious realm of theFinc Arts in which the ltaliansirave all'ays achieved success !fn spite of the materialisticanrl comrnercial atmosPhereprer,ailing in America the Artsha,r'e sprung uP adequatel)'well. And although the artisticefforts of the Italians of tocla-vare not half as great as thoseof their ancestots, the;' atu,amples of their suPelb heritage,pregnant with cultural accomplishments.The musicalalt, which is civilization'sgreatest emotional asset, hasattracted manY' about 1,650 inall, but only a few stand outprominentl)'. In the }atter categroryare such personages asProfessor Pasquale Monatana,neveltheless, scintillating exaclroral clirector, colnlloserand anthorit--v on the iristor-v ofancient rnusic; Carlo Nicosia,a composel and opera clirectorof yestercla5, wJro a fex' )-earsago )racl the sirtgular honor ofcJnducting the Let'ivaX of''-\ida " in llg,vpt I I.|ranr-'e-

I'he Foreign Language Pressin AmericanizationBy Louis V. FuccilI : -. - -::'a rkecl that.- -I :- :r : .'.t..t definite-,f ri.i", -: ., r feeling thatiijillrr* ]r .".: ]: ,: 'i the fOreigniiillLldr-.i.ir;i.:jr"-.".11.-."'- : :;.r il ^\fffgfiCa iSr{i :: a rrinClfanCe tOir,ll".J,, .lrr::; ''-,eii,rti Of the immi-.{Jr"'r'r!tii. L: n-:,trlr we in AmericarLrul,,: :i.r'-;--'-. Tlis is, however,r-r I r*- | ;r ,r lrro\-etbially dan-{'r *' ,i.;::r :-l,aked truth, fOr, aSlr [Lu:;:1 ,,,t fact, the foreignii.Iri.i]i"'",rrli:I_rress has been, and,rir, ,:= ,rf the warmest, most,rrrui:il*rr;. ard efficient wOrkers inlil,1,'*.-1 of patriotic stimula-;LLN r-- i[:e time will come andrlr []. i : rme when the one lan-,ir'rii!'{: ql-ritten and spoken in;t.*.: ,r -,untry, that is, English,'r:- :e written together witir-* - : r-lgl-language more pro-:'i-'.=-r thari some of the foreignirir:i:ls do at present, this being- -:: ostensibiy to maintainr".l: ralue of the beautiful:,--i-1rd1 languages of the Latin\[an1- immigrants cannot::11 or write at all, even their",;n: ianguage, much less ortrs,i there'risa far greater per-:errtage who must at the outsete kept in touch with American,ife. official and general, 'ivhoa-,:,uld be renderecl utterly help--:ss by the restriction of theirl,iress to the sole use of theEnglish language. trYe say that:he immigrant should be taughtEnglish. True, but what isgoing to happen to him whilehe is learning? That process,.1ue in large part to our ownercessivel;' fa1lt;, methocl ofinstruction, is, more often thannot, slow, and to cut the pupiifrorn the news of tlre world atiarge and from that of hisadopted country irr particularrvhile he is a striclentlvoirld benothing less than intellectualfolly. MoreoYer, there will developother reasons nol lesspotent for regarding the presentcondition of affairs assusceptible to gradual changeand development, rather thanto abrupt ancl decisive prohibition.f N thc Italian papers, arrdr there are nearly 150 of themincluding daily, weekly, andmonthly organs, not one instanc,eof disloyalt)' 5u. O".ttfound. They have foug'ht constantlyto keep alive the flameof patriotism in those peoplewho could not speak the languageof the countr5' of theiradoption, and" to translate anclinterpret the various activitiesof a governmental nature,which are so vital not only 1sthe welfare of the alien, but tothose of the country as a whole.The Itdlian press has not onlypresented a solid wall of loyalty,but it has been active insupport of everything that hastended to weld the Italian inthis conntr;. into the \reryfabric of the national 1ife.tI- HE foreigrr - languager papers have a legitimatefield, and most of them are usefu115'ancl even strenlousl5.;\merican in tone, though theirr,.ocabulary be I-.,atin. Itaiianpapels to-day may be seen tocarry English Sections, whichis commendable in itself towardthe Americanization offheir readers.\\i'irat do we rreau bv Arnericanization?To some of us itmeans the creation of a mutuals5,rnpathy ancl understandingwhich will eventually 1y.16 it -to one of the ltt&n;r units cornposingour national destin,r. Ifthe native born are not to benefitas well as the foreign born.the bleach wiil only gro\\"rrider. Amelicanization rnustmean the blending of ali nationalitiesin outs, not the engulfingof ali in ours.\\te must rernernber' 1;hat theimmigrant is not only a probiem,but also a human beingowho, while he ma,v differ fromus for better or worse, intellectuallyis possesseil of thesame emotions. We must takeall this into consideration indealing wiUr him. In teachingAmericanism, one must cometo his work with his mind andsoul free from pi'ejudices andhis hands clean of any selfishmotives. Wherr we are orlceable to see the immigrant as aman or a woman not very unlikeou.rselves, 'ivho mal bewon over to our point of viewwhen he thoroug'hly comprehendsit, and who himself maycontribute something' of valueto our own life ancl experienceoand so enlarge the very Americanismwe are encleavoring toteach him, then, and only then,can Americanization become aconstructive force in our bodypolitic. To protect the immigrantsand resiclent aliens inAmerican ideals anil to interestancl instruct them in the recluirernentsof -r\merican citizenshipshould be the all-importantthought behind Americanization,and not to take adr.antageof their ignorance andcapitalizing it in their emplo-vrnentor in bnsiness dealingswith them. B;. doing so, is tokill the true significance ofAmericanization and of creatinga genuine desire to becomean American eitizen.t69

A Short StoryYellow BootsBy Catherine OlivaIllustration by Anthony lVlarano"T son' ThisTt"Y..r"t'-!' -hotr hancis, two oIthem strong and bony, and twoof them small and soft, rveretugging at the smail fishingboat, trying to pull it out ofthe frothy sea. The young boypulled ancl pushed with all thestrength in his body. Ever sooften he had to pull his barefeet out of the slippery whitesand, as they sanbdeeper anddeeper. l4rhen he did so theboat was pulled with the sameforce h,v only the two stronghand-q on it. Tullio watchedfor a moment, with his twohancls ciangling at his sides,then with more vigor he tuggedat the boat."There! It's in," said Tullio'sfather, when the boat x.aswell upon the beach. Ife wasbreathing deeply. The sun wasdrawing in its golden lightalong a shimmering magic pathon the green sea, and the manstood there watching the fantasticplay of light. He was asimple and patriarchal lookingman. X'rom his wide shouldershung a loose fitting coat. Hisshort beard and his hair weresilvered with grev but therewas something forever youthfulin tire expression of his softdark e.ves. He changed his attentionfrom the western skyto his son, whose e-r'es were solike his own. The boy was tryingto lift the grey bag that rvasladen r,r'ith the results of theirfishing trip.'(Her"e, Son, let me take thatout," said the rnan as he liftedout the bag. "You can helpcarry it. Take one end and I,l1take the other. Now. Is itheavy ? "" I.tro, Father, " Tullio answeredfirmly.They walked along the pebbledbeach tou.'ard the rvhitebuildings of the town nestled inthe greenness.A tall man dressed in thedark uniform of an officer camestriding toward the father andson. Both of them fixed theirattention on him. It rvas anunusual thing to see an Italianofficer on this island of theMediterranean. The officer,with an immobiie countenance,passed by without noticingthem, and as he did both ofthem turned and gazed afterhim. Tuilio spoke excitedly." Father, when I grow to bea man-" He looked up at hisfather's face ancl forg.ot whathe was going to sa;'. He hadnever seen such an expressionon his father's face. He couldnot understancl or explain itsinfinite joy. He held his heaclhieh and his eves were sparkling.At that rnoment a ray ofthe fading sunlight playedabout his features. His facewas aglorv rvith the golcreniight and a strange inner joy."Tullio, Tullio," he called ina husk5. voice. He was stillwatching the retreating figureof the officer, and he spokewithout turning his head. "I)oJ-ou see the uniform and the_reliow boots-the yellow bootson the officer? When you area man you will have such a pairof boots-soft yellow leatherboots. You will be an officer170like that. You will make meproud, Tuilio. "r-|ULLIO was filled with ther greatness of the pictureof himself in yellow boots.'(Yes, Father, I shall be anofficer and I'll lead many soldiers,and I'l1fight, and I'11-"The father's musings werebroken. IIe had forgottenTullio 'was there, and helaughed aloud when he heard ofall that Tullio planned to do,and he put his arm around thechild.'(.You'r'e very young, Son,anil it rvill be years before allthis happens. "" Yes, Ii'ather, brit I will growup as you did, and I will be anofifrcer and have yeliow boots."They went on, and as theywalked along the father's formx'as very straight and lithe.TulUo had to run to keep uprvith long strides.Ii OR two iong weeks the Ital-I ian mountain battery haclbeen trudging along the endlesshills of Macedonia. The roundbrown hills were broken hereand there by settlements ofshepherds. \\rindowless houses,built of stone and mud, withstrarv roofs, were perched orrthe tops of the hills. Dowrr inthe valle;' the oriental shepherclscould be seen with theirflocks of sheep. These pastoralpeople had nothing to do withthe \var about them. Theywere shut in a world of theirown and the actions of the soldiersdid not interfere withtheir farming, and their pray-

lllltlllr .i I r liti{l tlf C'iflrlr ii , -;' itr the tur-, i .r r ,_la)-S whenlllfl:. :1.e1'e WaS atrr "' -' -rle alrout the.ri,J, :.- ,-.::sioll. ltutto-Lr,,,..llt'. - " - ::."t.'itts'. It had' ". _ : : riinuallF forLrl ' .i-.->. Rain andI --'.;",. ..- I ut1(-1-inCreaS-,r -.'-,:-t: of the thouii| :: . t,.is jtillg forrvard,, .' ,: : --Rt became deep'jtr.i. r: - ' '-,-:. The clanking, :.-:,: ,-'ri the feet of the,, - : llincling of the, r-=. anil the occa-,, :*riu!. of a horse,'' ,i, - - : ---.'r-rtouous regulafir,.:- .r,irching steps ancl,.-.1 : tai11.\--\ ., -,1 tlren. out of therr. -'- srlence a soldier'. r. " -\ranti-Avanti. Su' :: - -:. - r,. f rantic:fll-ft pr,rlled- I . r ri fzrllen mule out of- '- : -, rr.ritrl. \\rith mishapsr::.:-r-: anLl feet plodding-::---. tire coiling line creptI - .=r-:. Tullio l{archei, with- ":,-',€S of his bronze face- --.. ,lrawn, took each stepir--.r'i n-ith determination. It,, r I' force of rvill that he: - .:- ihe march. If he could,- ,:1,:1 have fallen down com-- =-'- erhausted. His atten-' . -. r-'ir-alli, walkecl beside him:,is boyistr head wearil;',:-: -,rr'\rard. The young boy, ' =1,tnt his twent5,- years in a-,, ,'tfnl peasant ton n of Ital-v,,- :r'e hardships and cruelties- ::: \\-ar had fixed a sadnessface wl:rich \\ras strange-:s- -itii.l:.,. almv piodded on in the*l'i1ess rain for another- ! 1011r, ancl at the con:rmand,-r,,;,,-inlnoni a terra,t' the- r,: \-ere cleposited. In a- -':i tirne, rvith commands ancl.- .,'-rts flving about, the soltliers. :"etchecl the hunclreds of tents'.'.r the grouncl. The much: -e,:lecl command for reposeYELLOW BOOTSwas given, and even tirose whowere too $reary and excited tosleep were squatting under the\\'edge-shaped tents.Civalli was patiently holdingopen the flap of the tent he hacljust prepared when TenenteMarclrei and Tenente Jann:uzzientered." Cigarettes, Civalli, " demandedTenente \{archeibrusquely.Civalli submissively came intothe tent. "The cigarettesare wet, Tenente, " he answered."Accidenti,-all right, getout of here. \{hat gootl areyou? Couldn't .vou have putthem somewhere to keep themrltyI.t t('But Sigrior Tenente, I-"began the confnsed attendant." Oh, stop talking and leaveus. " Marchci ilropped. on thecot next to Jannuzzi. "Cigarettesn'et, rnLrd, rain,-whatsort of life is this?'(Be calm, nfarchei. Whygrumble ? You oright to bethankfui we got here withoutan attack, and here -rYou aregrumbling to your attendant/-FE\E\ITtr Janntzzi wentI out in tlre I'aitt an,l thedark night." Civalli, "-callecl TenenteIIarchei. The attendant aPpeareclinstantl.r. at the openingof the tent.t tCome in, come in, Civa1li, "he encouraged. Civalli slowlYcame into the tent. He movedcautiously. I{e rvas afraid ofthe changing moods of his superior.t'Si, Signor, " he said respectfulll'.''I have two hours to sleep,Civalli, and then I want -voutr.r wake ffi€, do you unclerstand? "" Si, Signor-at seven I shallrvake you. Is that all?""No-stop being so melancholyand let me see You smile.Are you still thinking of thervet cigarettes?"" Si--no-ah, you are jokingl.ith me. You have onlY twohours to sleep, Tenente,-gooilrdght. "''Good night, Civalli," cheerllullyanswered Malchei.He strctchecl out on his cot,nnd his mussles achecl rnoreii.hen lie \\ras lving clown'trver.vthing was t1am1r. T{etosscil restlcssl5- frorn sicle to.qicle ancl then lay still."Armi in pugno, armi inpugno," reminded, the grlarclpatrolling outside."Acciclenti," uttered Marl/\\Tl4ftu'fle gazed at the body of Civalli, Iyingin a pathetic heap on the floor.ot171about wet cigarettes. Justtake things easy like I do.You're tired" You'll feel betterin the morning. "Nlarchei laughed. " SlLre I'Ilfeel better, after sleeping underthis wooly hlanket. " He Pulledat the thin covering of the cot'" Two hours sleep and then actionagain. t'Tenente Janntzzi rose."You'll sleep well, Itm sute.Dream of the sunny skies inItaly. ""Yes,-god knows if we'}lever see them again, s0 now w-ehad better dream about them. "

172ATLANTICA, NO\.r]iI{BER. i931chei in ir.ritation. , ,I am zrboutto fall asleep and they \{:r.rnme to be ready to use my gun.Here-" he took his gun fiomiris belt and folded it in his41ps-_( ( f '11 sleep with it. ',T was scvor) in the nrorning.f r Oivalli stood orrtside ofTenente Marcirei's tent. Ife\Yas nervousl;' rubbing hishands togetlrer.- " Signor Tenente- SignorTenente, " he caliecl repeatedly,but receivecl no answer. Helooked at the watch on his-wristand became alarmed u,hen hefound that it was after seyen.W.ith nervous timidity he liftecl.the flap of the tent. His superiorwas lving on the bed lnotionless.Civalli crept near himand called loudly. TenenteMarchei stirred, and turned hisshoulder toward his attendant." Signor Tenente, it is pastseven. Your coffee is cold. ""fmbecile * don't disturbme, " muttered Marchei."But you told rne two hoursago to wake you. Now _vouSaY-t'Civalli realized he rvas tocarry out the first order. Helookecl at his watch again.Something had to be clone. Hervaited another moment anilthen gathering up all his timiclcourag'e, he shook TenenteMarchei's shoulcler anclshoufed as loudly.('Teneute as lre conJri,Mar.chai. " Friglrtonedby iris own boidness ]rcjumped back against the tent toescap_e_the anger of iris super_ior. lVlarchei turned suddenlv,clutching in his hanil the rer.oj_ver he had taken to sleep withhim two hour,s ago.The report of the rerroh.ersolnded deafeningl;,- ancl wiflra low gloan eseapiug. jris bloa,l_ing lips, the bodr. of Civalli folliimply to the grouricl.Tenente Marchei jumped tohis feet. fn his ear was drurn_ming the commancl given a littleover an hour before, ,,Armiin pugno, armi in pugno. " Andthere, grippetl tightly in hishantl, was his revolver., fromwhich bluish l.hisps of smokewele escaping. Little by little,l{archci awoke to u.hat he haddone. He gazed at the body ofCivalli,lying in a pathetic heapon the floor. IIe was fillerl with21 sense of horrible unreality,but ali the details of his vic,tim's condition fastened themselveson his bewildereil intellect;the black spot at the attendant'sthroat; the flow ofblood from his lips; the iralfclosed eyes; the deadly r,r,hiteface. Ife seemed to hear thenoises outside of the tent moreintensely tban ever before. Heiistened to the steps of the solcliers,the neighing of thehorses, the sound of the harshbrushes rubbing against theirskins. In that instant his franticmind was aware of both themovements of the living ancttlre stillness of the dead.The slow beat of footstepscame near the tent. At lastsomeone rvas coming to sharethis mornent of insarre delirium.The footsteps went rouncl andround the tent ancl thenstopped." M nTj'"fl:l u, uYl ii"',il;the well known voice of Ten_ente Jannnzzi. Tfe gripped therevolver tighter. At last Janntzziappearecl at the openingof the tent. Ifis el.es fell onCivalli, and then he looked atMarchei who rlvas standingthere colil and trembling, anilwalked ovcr to him.t'What have ;'o1 done?t' heclicd.'( Can't you see ?,, Ilarcheianswered sharplv. His 1ipsl'ere stretchecl into a grin. He1gd!fopened his lips to speak."f shot him. See, see, rvithmy revolver. I{ere, look at it.Il's irr rrrv lrarr,l-ir rrrr. lrarrtl. "]Ie stretched out the r.evolvcr..Jannuzzi pulJe,l it out of lrisiranrl and thyaw it near- Ci'alli'sbod;r. I{e tightl,v graspecllfarchei's shouider."L,isten to il€,,, he saidquietlr.. "You'\.e got to get outof here fast. Do you understantl? You're supposed to beat the canrlons. I1re'Ii get out,quick, J.refole an.\-one comes. Noone will know. [{s1.s-:! }requickl;- threw a clirty piece ofcloth near the gun. ,,See Civalliwas cleaning the gun andaccidentallv kitted himself. Yonmust get out quickl)'. Someotirers heard the shot and Tsaid I'd see what it was" Imust get back to them to see ifthey are alarmed. But vou getout. Do yori hear l"ARCHtrI stood rnotion-Iess. His lips wer.e movingbut with hysterical impotency,his rroice could not makea sonnd. Jann:uzzi shook him.Instead of words there was asharp cry of terrorized fright.,Iannuzzi grippecl him by theshoulder and gave him a sharpblow on the jaw. Ilarchei fellbackwards on the cot. He satthere stunned. Outside someone\yas calling his name. Hegot up. "It's Capitano Cristano.I'il go tell him I shotCivalli.""You 'll'ill not,t' cried Jarrnnzzi.He gave him anotherblow. Ilarchei fell back on thecot lralf urrconseious.Tenente Janntzzi el.ept cautiousl.vout of the tent. He didnot see Capitano Cristano buthe could hear him calling. Ifewalkecl in the direction of thel'oice ancl suddenly carne upagainst him. IJe had not seenhim, for another tent stood inthe path wlrich Janntrzzi hadtaken. He rigidly stood in attentionbefore the captain, atall, ser.ere looking man.ttHa\re -r.ou seen TenenteMarchei? ""Tenente tr{archei is on tiutr.at the cannons, " answererlJ annuzzi respectfullv." Good, " said CapitanoCristano in a staecato voice."You substitute in his position

, - lr1frl1'rn liim to appear at: : -rrrrrl&I]ding officer's tent. "-;\itrTzzi s t e p p e d t.rack,. :::k his spnrs sharply, sa----l ancl walked away. After; r:\r paces he cautiOusl-v;:,1 back to be sure Capii:- L'ristano was not rvatchrLriu, and ran back to the-lE\ E\ TE Jlarchei w a sr -till prostrate on the cot.; ltLtzzi shook him." (-lo immediately to the com--:rntling office. I'm to take_- -,ur place. "''They know?"" ){o-Godr ro. No one:rro\[s. You're safe.',llarchei was calmer. ,, Safe:'rom what? Jann:uzzi, .\-ou,i,-rn't understand. Don't thinkI arn going to hide this. I'iir,iar for it with ever) clrop of',lood that's in me.""You're insane, Marchei,,'.Tannuzzi cried angril,v. ,,Doi-ou know u'hat you will do to..-ourself, if -_r'orl tell themrhis ? ',ttYes, I know. ""I.Io, you clon't, yolr fooi.fou'lI lose everything. Dis-:,'raced, and what goocl will it,lo I None, none at all. Itwould be another crime. Yourould kill yourself" Your caleerwould be ended. You know1-ou're on the list for promotron.""What does it matter, Janttuzzi!What does anythingmatter? I killeci Cirnalli andf '11 pay for it.""Yes," began Janrruzzi slowly,taking him b;,- the shor:rlclersand looking into his eyes, ,,ancldo you know who else will pa_vfor it? Your father-the kindold man you have told meabout. That man you love sodearl;--ryho has followetl allthe 5'sa1. of -vour life. You owevour position in the arm;. fshim" You've told me that itwas his ambition for you thatmade you what you are. Think'of him. What rvoulcl this do toYELLO\\T BOOTShim? \lou know it woultl killhinn. You know that ? "Marchei's head sank lowerand lower on his breast." Come, Marchei. ' It is be,cause of you and your fatherthat I am begging you. I don'tknorv wJrv .vou killed Civalli,but-""f didn't nrean to. I rvasasleep 21d--"" '\ll right-\\'e can't talk itoYer no\r. He rnight have beenkilled in another mannel. Perhaps.vou will pa,v for it bv anact of heroism. Now, )'oumust cornpose youlself, and appea,rat the commanding office.And not a rvord-clo vorlhear ?''(Yes.t' ""Can _you face them alorre?f don't know lrhat they want.""Yes, I can face them,tt heanswered. with no expressionin his voice.Jannazzi looked at the manwho had been almost a brotherto him since their days in militar.vschool. The muscles ofhis face were taught, ancl hisiarge brown e) es were staringfar aheacl. Janntzzi watchedthe tall figure ri'alking &wayand then turned quickly in theopposite direction.'I'HE)IiE was a gloup of of-I ficers loitering before th

lat;iilr.liIt74eapitano Curcio interruptedhim." Oommunicate with TenenteJannvzzi. Capitano Marcheitloesn't belong to your batter,-r-&n1r lon*"". "/--l.\PITAr\ O Marchei beeameU pale. His limhs weretrembling. lle saw before himthe iimp body of his dead attendant"He wanted to shoutand tell them all to call backthe soldier who woulcl havetold them that Civalli was dead*murdered by him, the manthey were making a captain.But he couldn't shout-hecouldn't talk. He felt asthough he were being choked.IIis lips were half open and hewas breathing hard. His facebecame ashen, and he staggeredbackward.ttHere, here," shouted theeommander in confusion."Bring some water, quick."Two of the officers were holdinghim, and another was pouringwater down his paralyzedthroat. "Has he heard badnews ? " I{e climly hearcl oneof thern ask the commander."No, rro-just leave of absenceto return home. ""Home, homer" Marchei regainedhis composure. Hemustn't tell. No, no. Jann:nzzihad said it would kill hisfa.ther. No, he couldn't tell.,.I'm all right," he said,sternly pulling himself together."My father may he i11.This call to come home has unnerveclme" t t'(That is too bad. Ifas yourfather been iII?" sympathizerlthe commander.'(Yes, very,t' liecl Marchei."We11, Iet us hope that it isnothing serious."tt'Ihank you," respondedMarchei. IIe struck his spurssharply, saluted, and walkeclstiffiy out of the tent.f-\APITANO Tullio MarcheiV was standing at the rail ofthe small boat which'was moor-ATLANTICA, N O\TEN{BER, 1931ing at the port of the IslandSalina, the island where he wasborn. 'Ihe boat was close tothe wooden ciock rvith its hangingsof greenish sea weecl. Uponthe sandy- white beach couldbe counted almost every inhabitantof the island; the childrenshouting and waving to theboat; the chatting young girlsdressed in their Sunday attire;the young men who had neverleft the island, with the dreamsof the cities beyond; the parentshoping that in that brownbag filled with mail there rvoulclbe a letter for tirem.Capitano llarchei felt happ--ras he walked clown the woodenplank. Ile scanned every familiarface" S,ome people wercshouting to him and he wavedback. He stopped on the beachI{e was in a positionwhere eYeryone could see-waiting.him arrd he was waiting forsomeone to meet him-hisfather or orle of his aunts. Hewalked up the narrow roatlieading to his house. Why hadn'tthey met him? He couldn'tunderstand it. What was thematter? He walked faster andfaster until he rvas running. Atthe door ol the rvhite stuce,rhouse he stoppecl and listeneclintenti;r. There r'\ras no sounclexcept the pounding of his ownheart. He grasped the knoLrof the door, turned it andrvalked in quietly. There atthe foot of the stairs his twoaunts were stancling. t\.t oneglance he noticed their redswollen eyes, and the sad expressionof their faces. He feltinstinctir.el--v that somethingterrible, something tragic washappening. Nevertheless, thesight of those two familiarfaces broke the tenseness of themoment." 7,,ia Blena, and Zia Maria, "he criecl and rvith an emotionthat was rare with regarcl to hisaunts, he claspecl them both inhis arms."Ifush, hushrt' one of themwhispered. Marehei droppedhis arms. He looked at themboth with his e,Yes growinglarger and larger."What is ilq." he crierl"What is the matter? IMhereis Father? \Yhere is he? Answerme !"ttHe is-irs is- " Lregarr ZiaElena. Then her eyes fillec1with tears and she pninted u1rthe stairs.l\ /f^\RCHEI utrdersttloei tlt,,lYI unfinished sentenee arr,lhis aunt's tears. He raced upthe slairs and collided with thodoctor coming out of his father''sroom."My father, mF father!" hecried.('Ifere, here, be cluiet,t' Thedoctor pushed him back intothe hall and softly closed thedoor."Your father is very ill, andyou must calm dorvn beforeyou see him,t' announecd 1,hedoctor."Yes, I€s," gasped Marchei."But how ill is he?Have you callecl other doctors? ""I have done ail I could, anclas for calling other doctors,you knorv what an expense itis to get a specialist to the island.And furthermore, Idon't think there is-""You don't think there i.qany hope ? " gasped Marchei." I{ot much, " answered thedoctor simpl;..Marchei's hands dropped tohis sides with a gesture ofhopelessness anil his head fell.The doctor took him by theshoulders."Here, here. I do not sa1'there is absolutely no hope. Heis still alive and I think he issleeping now. ""May I go in? I won't makea sound.tt"Yes, go in. I'11 be out hereif he wakes. "Marchei rverit in aiid stood atthe foot of the large woodenbed. His father: was ilnng

i'tr€, so still and white, with; cheeks sunken. Marchei*l'l a mad desire to pull and:- iay with his white beard as he*a,l done when it was the colori coal. But he did not dare.He could not move. He stood:tancling stiff1.r'-6o* long, hel:':l not know. The long flgure-,utiinecl by the blankets was sos:ill he did not move for fear- f making a sound. Heiratched every feature of that1early loved face. Then slornlv-veryslowly, he saw hisiather's eyes open. He recognizedhis son and joy spreaclover his face. Marchei noticedthe expression deepen and hiseyes smilecl as they notieed thethree chevrons on his sleevedenoting his captaincy. Withdifficulty he raised his head andIooked down at his boots."M tu;;%;il "X-.,::: llffi$son, you have yellow boots-YELLOW BOOTSyellow leather boots like thecaptain we saw when.vou werea little boy, out there on theshore. " He paused for breathand his words became morelabored. "Do ;'611-do 5'611 t*-member, TuIIio, I saiil ,vouwould have yellow boots oneday? You, Tullio...." Hestoppecl talking and droppedhis head back on the pillow. Hesmiled as Marchei remembereclhe had smiled on that day hereca1led.Ilarchei had been watchinghim without a rvord and nowhe saw the tired, kind eyes closeagain with the same joyoussmile on the thin paie lips.tttr'ather, fath,et," he called.But there was no hope in hisvoice. He knew-he knervthose eyes had closed for thelast time. That smile on hisfather's face and the cause ofit stunned him with the falsenessof his position. Beforehim appeared the deacl and175bleeding body of his attendant,Civalli, killed by his own hand.And here he was-in the uniformof a captain. No, he couldplay his false part no longer.He would tell he was the murilererof Civalli and suffer for'it. The eyes of that kind oldman lying there would neversmile at him again until he hadwiped this murder out of hissoul."Doctor, doctor, come in,"he criecl and felI at the side ofthe bed.-l-I{E few passeugers orr ther boat ieaving the Island Salinalooked with curiosity atthe man who was standing nearthe rail. His faoe was pale anddrawn. His eyes were gazingfar beyond the horizon of theblue sea. They were curiousabout him, because they wonderedwhy he was holding inhis large bronze hands a pair:of ysll.N' boots.THEUnited States Marine Court;Nicola D'Ascenzo, whosestained-glass and mosaic artwork has adorned famouschurches, universities and residences;Pascluale Farina,painter, art critic and connoisseurI and n'rancesco Romano,sculptor ancl painter. But thisgroup would not be completervithout mentioning Severo Antonelli,the twenty-four--1-earoldartist-photographer rvhosewrork in portrait, illustrativeand pictorial photography hasalready brought him six internationalawards.Aside from the professions,multitudes of Italians, ofcourse, are engaged in differ-ITALIANS IN PHILADELPHIA(Conti.nue d, from f age 168)ent kincls of business and'frades. For instance, thefta[ans are leaders in thebuilding and tailoring tradesand in the grocery, meat anclfruit business.OW a word or two aboutthe social life of thesepeople who have contributedtheir bit to the life of Americancivilization. There are approximately300 ltalo-Americanorganizations rvith a membershipof about 200,000. Almostevery head of the familv,rvhether he be a Professional,a business man or a laborer,enjoys membershiP in someclub or other, whether it he theCiroolo Italiano, the MutualAid Society or St. Anthony'sAid. And it is exceedingly encouragingto know that theaims of these clubs and organizationsare to inspire Amerieanizationamong the Italiansand to appreciate Americanideals anil laws. X'urey El}is.the well-known philanthropist,is the pioneer in Italian clublife, having been the founderof the Savoia Society, a charitableand cultural organization,made up of 125 men who areprominent professionally, sociallyancl financially. The membersact as helpful guides aidingtheir fellow-Italians in a1ltheir many and varied projects.

Selections FromCRANDI,S PROPOSAL HAS CREATPOSSIBILITIES(From an editorial in the "Corriere dtAtnerica" olNeut Vork,)HE ploposal of Foreign ntlinisterGrandi for a completesuspension of armaments upio the conclusion of the Genevaconference next February is a nobleand timely initiative that sets Ital)'ir.r the van of the internationalmovement for the lestoration ofprosperity and peace security. Itis inspired iry motives that corrr:spondwith the general interests,rf mankind.The Italian Minister f or ForeignAffairs has, in fact, calledthe attention of the Geneva parlevtn a realistic consideration of thesituation. stressirrg the necessity oiprractical immecliate action, in ordetir.r rvarcl off the ghost o{ mutual clis-'rrr:st and rivalry among nations.Jr,ut the Geneva assembi.v is alsothe stage of oratorical contests ir.rrvhich the honel'ed eloquence ofIlriancl attempts to cloali the real intentionsof Fr-ance uuder a cover ofmi511, idsolooieq. livery time an attemptis macle to set the problemsof peace on tire plactical ground oflealization and international cooperation,France tries, by means ofambiguous formulas and the mostequivocal chicanery, to push everl'-thing back into vagueness, inr1efiniteness, generality.The game has lasted for 1'earslrid rrohotlf is any longer deceive,llrt it. lt is lirrori'n thit France islooliing for a pretext to put off thedisarmament question. The real,imperative interests of the economicrestoratiorr of Eurol,c arc againstlirance's attempt. Fascist Italv repliesr,vith the clearest, squarestfairness of intentions and action tothe cali of history and undertakesat (ieneva the task of interpretingand affirming a rvorlcl-r,r'ide cravingfor disarmament.At the roots of the economichardships of Europe that troubleand demoralize international lif eare the enor[rous squanclerings conditionedbl. the armaments rivalrl'.One cannot seriouslv conceive ofan irrternational r'evision of internationalpayments if one does not.{irst, clo au'ay rvith the causes thatparal,vze the normal development ofeconolny ancl the regular functioningof international trade. Theu'eight of excessive armamentsnails the l'orld to a clisis, n'hicheverl. cla1- becomes more acute andmore appalling. X{an1' nice rvordshave been spoken, many sl2b61r1.statistics have been published,plans, projects. wishes have beenformulated-but the vicious circleof the clisis has constantly narr-oiveclitself on account of the closeinterdependence between social andeconomic phenomena. rvhich legulatesthe modern rvorld.ftalv lener.'s r-itlr a practical proatTHE FIRST ITALIAN PRIEST IN NEW YORK(From nn 'article in o'IITJATH Ir.lt P;rrrnl,,,la i\l agliart,,Ht'camL: [o thc lia"r tviih hislittle r-nissionarl- bancl in18.55. Others before him, as forcxample Fathel Felice De Andreis,traversed the East anrl missions tothe West. but Father \{agliano rvasthe hrst ltalian to preach the Gos-Legionario" of Rome.)pcl in this scction of the countr\-,- On the 9th day of April, 1SSS, asmall band of rnissionarv priestsleft the Eternal City, their homesancl Europe uucler the best auspices,ancl after having received the benedictionof Pius IX to come to theNcn' \\rorld. Thel' landed in Nen't76posal its will to cooperate to thesolution of the problem and callsfor an indispensable previousrneasure-the suspension of annarnents.tsy such an act internationalsclidarity must be proved.It is rumored that in France sucha proposal is received rvith coldnessancl skepticism. It cannot be otherr,vise,because France tries to escape,by countless alibis, the trueproblems of peace and insists, withtraditional Galiic pride, on thehegemonic program that she thinksto secure by means of iron and gold.Peace however remains the- supreme,common interest of civilization,and the opinion of the nationsbalks against everl' attempt to retardthe solution of the armamentsproblern on which depends, both poiiticalll'and rnaterially, the terminationof the economic r.vorld-crisis.Grandi has spoken at Geneva notonly" on behalf of Italy but on behalfof humankind. Ifis voice cannotbut meet tvith the heartiest responseof men of good will. It remainsto be seen nor,v r,vhere arethe men of gooci will. This pastsulrmer has been one of the mostinterrselv ch'amatic political seasonsevet' experiencecl by the lvorld sincethe end of the rvar'. Amelica hasmade a great gesture, and pilotedthe governments of Europe towardthe solution of their rnutual probiems.Rut in this long and difficultnavigation she has struck a snagnamelythe hegemonic program ofFrance-whose policy is marked byher organic incomprehension of inrernationalinterests.York orr June 19th, 1855. These.Franciscan missionaries, FatherFanfilo da l\{agliano, Father Sistocla Graffagliano, Father Samueletl'a, Prezza and Father Salvatore. allfrom the Abruzzi region, were tl1rtheir lvay to founcl an Italian F'rancisc:rnI'Iission in the Buffalo dior-esrr.The mission had beerr requesteclby the bishop of tl-rat citl-,I'{onsignor John Timon, of theHearl of the Older r,r'hile the formerrvas in Rome. Thus the aforemen-

the ltalian Presslioned lvere designated for the enterqriseand Father Panfilo was putat their head.Zealous, cultured, industrious, affableand firm in character, undauntedby obstacles, and possessinga good knowledge of Englishrvhich he lealned during his tlreeyears',teaching at the Irish Collegeof Saint Isidore in Rome, FatherPanfilo was the rnan best fitted tofound a Franciscan Mission wherethe Order was not at all known.He gave up the honor and glorvof the- professorial chair for" th6humble apostolate of a humble missionary,and the splerrdor of aBoTq" dr.r-elling for the poor'Parish of Ellicottville to bringspiritual assistance to the faithfulscattered over a raclius of two hundredmiles amid the hostilities ofthe then dorninatirrg sect of the"Know Nothings."A year after he and his followerswent west to Allegheny in CattaraugusCounty to preach the Catholicfaith.In August, 1856, the cornerstonervas laid to the first convent of theItalian Franciscan Mission. At thesame time the construction of acollege for lay students and a seminaryfor students aspiring to thepriesthood rvas begun. These un-

ATLANTICA, NOVEMBER, 1931[-fiis almost preferable when stick- line ancl harmless-Mignons. The even by Anatole France in the Redfiing out its Jting, than when ripping Italian tramp, in Frenih books, is Lily; neither has Boylesve inlllits cautious and slimy honey. Thou- ahvays dangerous, even if poetical. "sainte X4arie des Fleurs," givenil]sands of other pages by foreign I have met ,rvith another. type of us a truer delineation. Abel Hermant,in his lovely tale "TeteslN.riters, mainly Fierich, a6out Italy liltle gt'psy girl in a novel by.Binetiiland the Italians, are to be evaluated Valmer. Bruna-ardent, with wildlfrin the same way. Nevertheless, I locked hair-her knife concealed in opinion. Furthermore, does it seemd'anges," has also failed, in mYtlli.clo not say, I do not think, that they her stockings-a-warning- to -untlihave been written with evil inteni. faithful lovers. You would think Bairds and Huysmans perpetuallyto you that Venice, as portraYed bYilliThere are. to mv mincl, a certain this creature must be a Calabrian or on the search for bones of deadilllnumber of stone-blind people even a Sardinian, this creature patterned men, is the real one, in comparisonl$ among those who would like to see. after the. Calabrian or Sardinian with the warmer, sunnier, integrallfiItaiy in iiterature, as seen by girl of the forties. Not in the Venice appearing in our Italianruforeigners, is more or less the sam-e least. She is from , L_ugano. novelists, from D'Annunzio downItolt" th.y ialv, before coming over, Imagine, dear d'Ambra ! In the to Rocca ? As for industrious|[ throughthe eyes of their preji:dices. sweetest .land, am_ong the - mostIfrl Theii sight, 'before Milan, since it possesses many lovelythings, which are, however, hrr men things, has" been in- world, t!.e novelist has set that kind of n.cesr and difficult to discover, Ibeing iffected peace-loving population -of .theilfr| by *andill]fluenced by books ind pictures. At of female demon' In Lugano, am under the impression that thettltimes, this influence is so strong, where a knife.is_used only at table, rank and file of the transalpinellli that it really xnlifuilates the succei- to carve up fried trouts. -- ..writers, Vaudoyer included, onlfisive clirect uiriotr. Foreigners come Ar.ono Jhe bool

ISELE,CTIONS F'ROM THE ITALIAN PRESS 179cost him is described by Puccinihimself, writing on the day onwhich he finally found the companionpiece to Tosca, Mimi,i\{anon."On sonle days," he writes,"when I am craving for work-Ido not l

H. E. Vittorio Emanr-,r"ele Orlando'-TIHE visir,,i Hi. ExccllcrrlI Vittorio Enranuelc Orlan

IN HONOR OF COLUMBUSItalians Erect a Great Monument in St. PaulOWHERE in the LrnitedStates r'r-as Christophcr Columbushonorecl on the 439th anniversaryof his discrtverJt o iAmerica last month as at St. Pau1.rvhere the unveiling of a $50,000nlonument of the great discoverer'on the grounds of the MinnesotaState Capitol .,vas the occasion forthe gathering of rnore t1-ran 25,000,including the highest national.State and municipal rlignitarieland Italians from the neighboringStates of 1\liichigan, Wisconsin, 11-linois, Nebraska, Ior,va ancl the Dakotas.Tlre monulnertt, a ltin.'-foot-high brorz.e structure t'eighingmore than one ton. uras thcwork of Leo Lentelli and CharlesBrioschi, and u,as made possible br,contributicins collected from Italiansthroughout \{innesota by theColumbus Memorial Association,organized at Hibbing in 1927, withI 5 branches.The two-day celebration includedthe unveiling of the monument,which was attendecl byHon. Frank B. Kellogg of theWorld Court, representing PrcsidentH.oover, Adriano Mouaco.secretary of the Italian Embassy atWashington, Attilio Castigliano,Italian Consul at St. Paul, FredA. Ossanna, chairman of the dar',John B. Michela, u,ho presentedthe memorial to Governor Olsonof Minnesota, .and Dr. GiuseppeCastruccio, Itaiian Consul Generalin Chicago. A national hookup oithe National Broadcasting Companybroaclcast the ceremonies toItaly, where it r'vas heard eagerly.especially in Genoa, the discoverer'sbirthplace, ''n'hich had contributedits official banner for thededication. Attorney General NIitchellspol

THE 90th season of the PhilharmonicSymphony Socanini)\\ras inaugurated on Octo-A ciety of New Yorl< (whoseclirecior is Maestro Arturo TosberSih at Carnegie Hall' Theopenlng concert wis condr'rcted-b1'tfie Ge"r'man maestro, Erich Kleibei,*to is condtrcting the Philharmnrticcon('erts f rom OctoberBlh to November 15th'. Toscanrnrhimself I't'il1 condr-rct the concertsfrom November 16th to JanuarYiOth, rn,1 flonr January 14t.h.toFebrtrai'v 28th the baton rttll trewielclcd b.t Bruno Walter' \'IaestroToscinini will conduct theclosing concerts of the season'from 'Mar-ch 2nd to APril 24th'I{aestro Kleiber''s first Programu,as interesting for his havin-g pretorhe "\merican Public the;;;J''Passacaglia" of Wcinberger' thep;;;i;; e.r*nt' comnoser of theonera "'Schu'anda," which will 1-'esi"." at the XietroPolitan OPeraHotrt" during i1s first week'-^,tiitt" con"certs of October 29tirand 30th. in order to commemorni.tll .."tenar1' of the death ofe;.th", Maestto Kleiber includedin the sccond Part of his P'ogllmselections from Beethoven's "!-9-'mont." For the occasion Madamefri"u Uotgnna of the MetroPolitanOpera Cof,rPanY sang the famotts"Clarchcrr Ballale." the work otGoethe and Beethoven.One of the outstanding selectionswhich the Philharmonicincluded in its concertgiven at the \leLroPolitan onfh" afternoon nf Novemberlst utas the Goldonian Interutezzi,of I'IaliPiero.Durine the iecond lr-cek ofToscanini's concelts. lr'hich isto sav, the thilrl ueelt of No-, ember'. thc cel.br-a1e .l Italirninaestro r'rtill present to the,\merican pubiic the famousviolinist Adolph Busch.A LL arralrgcmcnts for thela forthconiinq season ofArtistic N{ornings, Inc., underthe direction of S. E.Piza al the Hotel Plaza tnNew York, have been completed.The series will coniistof eight concerts to beheld at i1:30 in the morningin the Grand Ball Room ofthe Plaza every ThursdaY,Ml.-J SICbeginning November 5lh. The ser'-enth conce;t, however, lvi1l be heldon Tu:sr1a1', D-cember 29r,h, insteadof Thursday.Many famous artists have alreadybeen engaged, among themIrlaria Jeritza, Grace Nfoore. NinaIliorgana, Lily Pons. l,arvrenceTibbett, Efrem Zimbalist, HaroldBauer, the Salzedo Harp Qr-rintrtlc.and mrny others tn be announced1ater. Subscliption, forthe entire seasonr is $rl0 per seat.AESTRO Cesare Sturanr rscelebrating this month histwentieth year in the United States.During that period Maestro Sturanihas taught and developed manycelebiated singers nolv occupyingimportant positions at the Nfetropolitan,the Chicago and La ScalaOpera llouses. He has also devoteda good part of his time to conducting,l-raving formerly been a memberof the Hammerstein, Bostonand Chicago Opera Companies.At present he is very much rnterestedin ensemble r'r'ork, and hisquartet has often appeared on theconcert stage as rvell as over theradio. Maestro Sturani has greatconfidence in the future of Americansingers, particularly thewomen. H'is studio is at the AnsoniaHotel in Neu'York Citv.Nina Morganatu66I A TRAVIATA" of \-erdiI-- *as the seiection by GiulicGatti-Casazza, general manager o:the Metropolitan l{ouse, f or theopeninq of its current opera seasonon NIonday, Novemtrer 2nd. In theleadinq roles r,r'ere Rosa Ponselle.Giacomo Lauri-Volpi and GiuseppeDe Luca. Tullio Serafinconducted.Considerable interest has beenmanif ested in Weinberger's"Schu'anda," u,hich is to be givenfor the first time in this collntr\-on the season's first Satrrrdny afternoon,November 7th. i\{r.Schorr ,,rili sing the title ro1e, rvithMalia I\{ueller as Sorota, X4r.l-aubentlai as Babinsl.v. KarinBranzell as Queen Ice-Heart, andl\llessrs. Schutzendorf and Andresenin ot1.er roles. Hanns Niedecken-Gebhardof the BerlinState Opera r'vill have charge ofthe stage direction and N{r. Bodanzlivrvili conduct.The second noveltv of the season,to be given early'in December,will be Italo Montemezzi's "I-.a.Notte di Zoraima." which willhave its North American premierewith Miss Ponselle as Zoraima andMr. Serafin conducting.rJ1 tTO SCHJPA, the famousI singer, has been made aKnight Commander of the Orderof St. George the Great. Whichadds one more to his list of decorations.including: Commander ofthe Order of SS. Xlaurice and Lazarus,Grand Officer of the.., Crorvn of Italy, Commander'' of the Order of'Alfonso XIIof Spain, Grand OF{rcer ofthe Order of the Ho1,v Sepulchreand Commandel oftl.,e Order of Christ (Portue'al).tr--\t RI\G Octobrr, ljeln--LJ ar',liro l\lolirr:rli app:rredas guest conductor inllerlin, I{r-rnich and Plague.I-le ivi1l begin the orchestralseason at the Augusteo inRome on November 15, andr.r,ill depart f or t1.e UnitedStates in December. HisAmerican engagements includef our weeks rvith thePliladelphia Orchestra, three.on.e-ts with the RochesterPhilharmonic, two with theCleveland Orchestra and onewith the Pittsburgh Sy*-phony.l

f-l)otn, on thn DnomoBe MoJqn Cl.,"i,li"!-TER September's dearth,which rn''as interrupted only/ L by a series of murders in"The House of Connolly," we wereglad to have the eve of the mbnthof October usher in one good play.For, although "Payment Deferred"at the Lyceum may prove slightlydisturbing to anyone r,vho has decidedto disregard his conscience itwill have to be admitted that it is avery goocl play and very well done.Of course we are shocked to havethe bank clerk go so readi11. in formurder in spite of the fact that werealize he is in murky monetary difficultiesat the bank. But that overwith, we enter into the spirit of theplay and allow our morbiditl' to increasesteadily.The play deals with the mentalrealm of a man rvho has not thegood fortune to have been endorn,edwith honest inclinations. Chafingunder the necessity of earning hisdaily bread, he labors under the delusionthat ease and riches wouldspell happiness for himself and hisfamilv. Through a couple of misstepsthey are acquired, but insteadof gaining his heart's desire he findsthat his misery increases as devastationsets in. Clearly and forcefullyit is brought out that tl'e little actionsbehind which a man thinks hehides and which he deems inconsequentialto the world are the verythings that shriek the loudesf of histrue mental state. The effects ofth: misdeed are far reaching, ironical,and very logical.The cast is excellent and the paltof the bank clerk, r'vhich could soeasily have been overdone, is superblyplayed by Charles Laughton.We can almost see the inner rvorkingsof his kinky brain. NIr.I-au"hton is ably srrpported lty CicelyOates in the part of the staunchwife. It is she who drives homethe point that the things rvhichbreak us in life are not the burdensor hardships we are obliged toshoulder but our losing our faithin those whom we love.From this we wandered over tothe pleasant "Good Companions,"now running at the Forty Fourth.Here is something so British thatwe feel as if we have suddenly beentransported to England. That sameleisure filters through to us whichreminds us of the utter abandonrvith r'vhich an Englishman canspend three hours over a cup of teaand trvo tiny cakes. And neveronce in that time does he have alook of pain cloud over his face becauseof some nasty disconcertingthought of business. Well, neithershail we, so rve settle back com{ortably.The tempo, of course, seelns extremelysluggish, but having seensimilar opuses in England n e knor'vthat as the scenes go on and rve getinto the second installment of themthe merry goings or-r u'i1l grow uponus. Or perhaps the tempo doesactually pick up. At.any rate it becomesmore interesting and moreexciting as we give our imaginationsfreedom of rein. When lvecome to the tiny footlighted andborderlighted stage upon the stage,and strange missiles are hurled atthe poor little conipany, we arechuckling mirthfully."Divorce Me, Dear," at the Avonarrived just eight years too late.Having husbands who persist in finishingsentences for one is indeedampie ground for divorce. But wivescraving divorces, only to discoverthat they are deeply in love withtheir husbands, have ceased to interestthe playgoers o{ Broadway.The dialog was unusually well written,however, and some of thepoints made were .1uite amusing.Violet Heming was as lovely,charming, and well d'ressed as always,and Reginald Mason gave hisusual good performance.Those who are American born orthose who have received their educationin American schools will findthemselves transported to theirchildhood days by the fi1m "AlexanderHamilton" at the Hol1yr'r'ood.That same spark of enthusiasm andpatriotism r'vil1 burst forth, in 1oyaltyto the founders of this country,i,vhich was kindled by facts andstories devoured so long ago. Cinemaplays of this kind which strikeso near to our hearts cannot be tamperedwith, and grateful are we indeed,for the splendid casting andproduction given it in every detail.Besides Mr. Arliss, rn'hom weknew would not disappoint us, wehave Washington beautifully doneby Alan Mowbray. Montague Lovelives up to our highest expectations183in the ro e of Jefferson. And DudleyDigges has the diffrcult task ofrepresenting the class that is alwayspresent to destroy all constructiveefforts. He does it so weil that weall but recognize present day politicians.Interesting news reached thiscountry recently -{- to the effect that"The Hundred Days," a historicaldrama by Benito Mussolini, may bepresented on Broadway this season.Mr. Sydney W. Carroll of London,rvho controls the play's rights inEnglish-speaking countries, is inNew York at present arranging fora New York presentation of theItalian Premier's work.The central character of the playis Napoleon, and the action has todo u.ith the period just before thegreat Frenchman's exile to theisland of St. Helena. The play hasbeen produced in Italy and Budapest.It recently went into rehearsalin Paris, and it is also to be producedthis coming month in Berlin.No less a personage than JohnDrinkwater, the eminent Englishplaywright, has made the trnglishadaptation, which calls for threeacts and eight scenes.I)o Jou aiwals inp,ess lhe people \yhom Jou wantlo imDre;s ) Are Jou ccrtdin that lou rr{, notnaking enoru \rhen you thjnk lou are sDeakingfaultlessly? Are ]ou sur€ oi Jourself nhen malijnia talk before tour club'i Can ).ou write a gracefulsocial note or a goo.l business letter? The pitfallsof English ar'e manl so unless you have nn infalliblecuide, Iou nnconsciously mal be makjnsmistskes lhcr ale holdnc lou bJck from rhe socialor business success lou seeli.L, rhcre cInh ia intrlt:Ltc Au,dp? Tlr,rp is. ll isSpeechcraft 1 nes and cnlrTinrl\ ..:r siy loqujct nasterJ of ltnglish, rerfectcd br a gronp ofnationally lino\rn educators, alter 25 Jears of teachi[1rnd i'e.eIch,Speechcraft -is as frscinating as a game. No rlqytiresome rules to learn. Just 15 minutes a dayminutes plclied-15$.ith absorbing interest. andI'our conversation will be faultless-Jour letters interestins,:rndlou \r.ill be allle to hold snd thriilany audience belore whom Joustenlt.Sp€echcraft will wlock the doorto bigser oDDortuitis-willeuicken social or business advancementand better pay. Tske thsff$t step now bI sending for ourBig Irree Book-"The Way to WinWith Words." AddressSPEECHCRAFT. lnc.. Dept. FP-725 West Eln St., Chicaso. lll.G*-.r"[it, l*, o-.ot-rp.z -ziChicaso, lll.Send me, without obligation, your big free book,"The Way to Win With Words."Name....Age . . . . . . . . . Occupation . . . . . . . . . . .Addrss......,...City ....,................,.,.....State....,.......

TIQAVELITH the completion of thelast twenty miles of thenew roadway along themountainous west coast of La-keGarda from Gargnano to Riva,one of the most spectacular, picturesqueautomobile roads in theworld is now available to motoristsabroad, according to an announcementissued by the ItalianTourist Information Office inNew York. The last lap of the newroad was offrcially opened on Oclober28. The completion of thc"Gardesana" as the new road iscalled, makes it possible to encircleLake Garda entirely by automobile.Before the building of the presentnew road, no man or beast hadever succeeded in cutting a footpathor marking a track along thisrocky stretch of coast which risesperpendicularly from the waters ofthe lake. fn many places the cliffsare so steep that it was impossibleto land workmen by boat, but theyhad to be hoisted down .from thetops of the cliffs by means ofropes.The many sharp indentures inthe shore line necessitated thebuilding of numerous bridgesand about eighty tunnels toawkrvardavoid abrupt,curves. As completed, theGardesana is a -marvelousstretch of smooth road gentlywinding along the shor.es ofthe lake at the base of mountainsfour ancl five thousandfeet high.l-ake Garda is the iargestof the Italian lakes, and althoughpraised in verse byVirgil and many other poets,is less known to tourists thanthe other Italian Lakes,partly because of its folmerinaccessibility b)' land. Thenew road, it is predicted, willbring a new influx of touristsinto this garden spot of Italy.I N Lrternational Exposi-I I tion of Moderrr SacredArt will be held in Milan,Italy, during November andDecember to commemoratethe third centenary of thedeath of Cardinal FederigoBorromeo. The expositionrvill include paintings, sculpture,architects' models, tapestries,banners, stained glassNOTESwindows, ceramics, sacred vases.altars, illuminate,l Lrooks and otherireligious examples of the fine andapplied arts.tTtHE traveller with a chtorricI tipping habit will have romend his ways in ftaly, r'here theno-tipping rule will be strictly enforcedin accordance r,vith a nelyr-uling recently issuecl by the FascistSyndicate of Hotel and RestaurantOwners. Guests u'ho offertips will be requestecl to leavethe hotel or restaurant they a1epatronizing, and emplol'ees acceptingtips r.r'ill be discharged. A percentagefor service is charged onail hotel and restaurant bil1s inItaly and tips are forbidden by law.A COMMITTEE for the wei-I I corning of members of theItaly America Society began itswork last Spring. Due to the effortsof Countess Piella Giustinianiof Rome, special arrangementshave been made so that membersof the Society may enter the intimatelife of the country. PrincelyVilla Aldobrandini (Frascati)ls+villas, gardens and palaces filledwith treasures of art and history,have teen opened to the selecteCvisitors who have enjoyed theseexceptional facilities.Among the villas and palacesopenecl to members are the follotting:Castello Odescalchi (Brac-9!ano), Villa Farnese (Caprarola).Villa l,ante della Rovere (Bagnaia),Colle del Cardinale (Perugia),Villa Travaglini (Spoleto),Villa Leopardi (Recanati), PalazzoCarpegna (Rimini), Villadel1'Imperiaie (Pesaro), Villa Casteibarco(Bologna), Villa Carnobbio(Nlodena), Villa Giusti (Verona),Villa Aldobrandini, Tor--lonia. Taverna. l\[ondragone(trra-scati), Villa Serristori, Tor-1'r_E.tn"l Gamberaia (Fir-er-rze),\''i11a Reale di l\{arlia. \,rilla Paolinat Lucca ).Countess Piella Giustiniani Bandiniis assisted in Rome by LadyIflizabeth Hrou'arci, Countesi Mazzoleni,Marchesa Chigi, NlarchesaTheodoli, llarchesa Guelielmi andCountess Maraini.In cooperation r,vith CountessPiella, the folloviing ladies are extending.hospitaiity to Itall, AmerrcaSocretl- nrernbers: Mrs. SergioFitzgerald of Florence. CountEssGrottenelli of Siena, Mrs. ElenaPa.rodi Saffi of Perug:a, l\Iiss CeciliaBercklel' of Genova, NIissArangio Ruiz of San Remo,Mrs. Susanna of N aples,Countess B. Giannotti- ofTurin and \,Iarcf iesa Talonof Bologna.Members of the ItalvAmerica Socit,ty receive itthe Neu' \'ork office, on application,the letters of intrbductionu'hich extend theabove conr:tcsies to them.New members, of course.also have the same privilege.Premier Mussolini n"eceivecll.{r. Ernest DeWeerth in Rome and expressedhis highest appreciationf or N{r. De Weerth'spublications on ltaly. Mr. DeWeerth was also entertainedin Rome by l\{archesa Guglielmi,Countess Maraini, DucaLante dell Rovere, and H. E.De Francisci of the ItalianAcademy.Mrs. Russell Colgate wasentertained in Rome by PrincessGiustiniani Bandini, inFlorence by Mrs. Sergio Fitzgeraldand in Siena by CountessGrottanelli.

He is as much at ease in Port Saidas in New- York, in Mombasa as inSan Francisco, in the PolynesianIslands as in London. And theservanderings of his, from Marseillesto the West Indies, from Siam toHaiti, from Villefranche to NewOrleans are penetrated, as in thecase of his other book, "IIot Countries,"by vivid descriptions and discussionsof people, but more especially,in this book, by observat10nson wome'n.What Mr. Waugh has done hereis to weave separate stories, half fictionand half fact, into the singlepattern of his travel narrative. Thestories all have to do with the reactionsand characteristics of womenthat are uni{orm, or almost uniform,the in'orld over, hence thetitle. liach separ-ate spot of theglobe he has visited seems to retainfor him a flavot, an experience aitrits own."To a certain extent," he says inhis chapter on New York, "I havetried to show in this book, not holvthe Martinique woman is differentfrom the Malay, nor the Englishwoman from the American, but howin different settings, the same emotionwill flou'er differently. Insmall communities lvhose life movesslowly, love comes imperceptiblyinto its possession. In the big citiesas often as not the process is reversed.Passion comes first and theother things, if they can, comeafter."The many rvoodcuts by LyndWard set a stra'nge, exotic moodfor the book and add immeasurablr'to its value.1'IIE LIVES O,F THE TWELVECAESARS. By Su,etonius. Edited,with notes and an inlrod,uction, bt'J oseph Gaaorsc. 361 pdges. Nc;i'Vorh: The Modern Library. 95c.rf1 f lD classical source of the inti-L mate and living details concerningthe lives of the twelveCaesars, who reigned from 44 B.C.to 96 A.D., is Suetonius' "Lives,"the only one of his works that hascome down to us practically entire.And the reason for the popularityof Suetonius' wo'rk is not hard tofind: it consists in the cataloguing,almost, of the little, external detailsrvithout regard to their significance,BOOKSBOOKSININRtrVIEWREVIEW(Continued front. fage 118)a cataloguing that engages the reader'sinterest quite strongiy. He is,as the editor of the present editionsa)'s,''inveteratell' human." Thatis his chief asset.Beginnrng u'ith Julius Caesar, hetreats of Airgustus Caesar, who didhis best to initiate civic and financialreform: Tiberius, also a capableruler but apparently addicted tovices; Caligula, rvho u'as insane andiater murdered by his servants ;Claudius. uncle of Caligula, a harclu'orker n'ho 1",'as poisoned b)' thernother of his adopted son, Nero;Nero himself, of lvhom sensationalstories are recounted u'ithout stint;Galba, Otho, Vitellus and Vespasian,who reigned after one anotherin su'ift succession; and Titus andl)omitian, sons of Vespasian.Suetonius' r'vorli differed so widelyin conception, scope and formfrom earlier biograpl,l,' that he maybe taken as a starting point for subsequentRoman biographr-. It mightnoi be too much to say that his ;bookshou-s an affinity for the ultra-moderntype ol "humanized" biography.Eminently readable, the "Lives" isas interesting and as detailed as anymodern biography, and at least assensational.CLEARINGS AND COLLECTIONS :Dom,estic And. Foreigr. By ThatcherC. lones E3 fages. Ne',a Yorh:C olumbia Urciaersity Press.'-f'tHE devclopment of methods ofI making pa1'ment b;- transferof banl< balanies instead of by theuse of currency and of clearing andcollecting procedure has kept pacervith modern commerce and has facilitatedits vast and speedy operations.Professor Jones gives alucid description of these exigenciesof big business, treating the varioussystems extant in England, Germany,Canada and the UnitedStates.The different methods are similarin their fundamentals but not inpractice, and the author has not attemptedcriticism of any m,od,usoperandi. Indeed it would be difficultto say that the method in an1'one country is superior to any other,since each country is compelled byconsiderations of territory andnumber of banks to follow that systemwhich, evolved through nativebanking experience, is best suited toits needs.Thus in England, a small territory,the clearing system is centralizedin London. The most complexmethod discussed is that prevalentin Germany, where several clearingorganizatio,ns, including the government'spostal check system,necessitated the development ofelaborate clearing machinery. A1-though in the United States theFederal Reserve Act replaced cumbersomeand expensive methodsu'ith an efficient national system,the Ner,i. York Clearing House is aday behind London's in clearingchecks received after 10 A. M. trnthis respect American bankers ma1'profit from the experience of theirEnglish neighbors.Professor Jones says the worldl.ras found no satisfactory substitutefor the gold standard, despite thedrastic decline of the value of goldsince 1914. Perhaps the recent debaclein England may be taken as asign that, while gold may be diffrcultto replace, there should be internationalunity toward fixing thestandards of the principal nations.H. Levreno-A..THE SEX FACTOR IN MARRIAGE.By Helena l4zrisht, M.8., B.S. WithIntroduction.t by A. Herbert Gra^y,M.4., D.D., an,d, AbeI Gregg, A.8.,M.A. 722 pages. New Yorh: TkeVongnard Press. $2.NTOT many years ago a .bookI \ such as this would have beenconsidered unthinkable for generalconsumption, yet it is just the generalpublic itself which can profitmost from reading it. Obvionsly itis rneant for those just married orabout to be married, though physicianshave averred that man)'couples who have been married foryears 'uvould do well to know thefacts he'rein mentioned."The Sex Factor in Marriage" isa short book, which can easily beread in one sitting, but its importancefar outrn'eighs its physicalsize. Soberly and without sensationalismthe author discusses thesexual relation in marriage, describesthe sex organs and the sexact, and in every case gives detailedand practical advice, based on scientificdata, with a minimum of rheto11c.

Dn. FnonLlin l--l . MontinT the annual convocation,lr,hich closed the 21st CiinicalCongress of the AmericanCollege of Surgeons last monthat the nerv Walciorf-Astoria, one o{the outstanding f eatures was theconferring upon Dr. Franklin H.Martin, "father" ancl director of theAmerican College of Surgeons, andone of the most distinguished personagesin the profession, of thetitie o{ "Commendatore" of theOrder of the Crorvn of Ita1y.The ceremoll)r of the bestorval otthe decoration u,as per{ormed byComm. Ematruele Grazzi, RoyalItalian Consul General in NervYork, and the decoration itself r,vasmade upon the proposal of PremierMussolini and by order of the Kingof ltaly.in recoonition of Dr. Nlartin'sservices to Italy during the r,var.Itlvas through Dr. Nlartin's helpthat a base hospital rvas organizedby Dr. Joseph Danna, o{ Ner,v Orleans,to serve the Italian Army atYiconza. The hospital, used f orabout a year, was valued at $300,000,but after the rvar it was sold to theItalian Government for $1.00.This is by no means the firstdecoration to have been received byDr. X{artin. He is already a Companionof the Order of St. Michaeland St. George, which title he receiveclfrom King George V ofGreat Britain through H.R.H. thePrince of Wales in 1919 in recognitiono,f .services renclered to theBritish Empire during the GreatWar, and he is also the possessor ofthe Distinguished Service Xlledal{rom thc Uniiecl States Government.In addition the distinguishedphysician holds four honoiarl' deqtoratesfrom as many universitiesancl is a Fellorv of the AmericanCollege of Surgeons.Dr. N{artin has alrvays taken akeen interest in t1"re activities of theItalian phvsicians in this collntrv.It rvas througl-r his influence that,not iong ago, Dr. Pr-rtti of the Universitlro{ Bologna and Drs. Bastiane'liand Aiessandli of the Universitl'of Rome receivecl honorarydegrees from the American Collegeof Surgeons.An indication of his activity is tobe found in the books he has written.Thev include "Treatment ofFibroid Tumors of the l-Iterus"(1897), "Treatise on Gynecology"Co*-nnJolonn(1903), "South America From aSurgeon's Point of View" (1923)and a monograph on Australia andNew Zealand (192+).Born in fxonia, Wisconsin, shorllybefore the Civil War, he rvas educatedin the public schools andacademies o{ that State ancl receivedhis nedical degree from NorthwesternUniversity I' edical School inChicago in 1880. Only six yearslater, in 1886, he became Professorof Gynecology at the Polyclinic ofChicago, r'vhere he remained for two)'ears.From then on Dr. I,Iartin's connectionsand activities multipliedenormousll'. lIe rvas one of the organizersof the Post-Graduate HospitalSchool of Chicago in 1888, organizedthe free Chicago CharityFlospital u'ith 30 beds in 1887, andsenred as Gynecoiogist at theWomen's Hospital in Chicago forman years, beginning in 1887.Surgerl,, Gynecology and, Obstetrics,one of the leading surgicaljournals in the world, u'as foundedby him and in 1913 he added to thislhe Intemtational Abstract of Suroer5,,which, as its name implies,carries abstracts of all the ieadingsurgical journals of the world.Ancl yet u,e have not come to hischief clainr to distiuction, not evenr'vhen r've mention that he organized,in i910, the Clinical Congress ofSurgeons of North America (nowthe Clilricai Congress of the Ameri-AcmeDr. Martin wearing the insignia ofContnrenilatore of the Crown of ltaly.186can College of Surgeons). The capstoneof his career was his organization,in 1913, of the American Co1-lege of Srrrgeons, a pre-eminenl, organizationin the medical field whichnow has a membership of about9,800 of the leading surgeons anrlsurgical specialists of the \\'esternhe:nisphere.Still this is not all" He was aCoionei in the U. S. Army MedicalCorps at the front for three monthsduring the war, and Chairman of theGenerai Medicai Board of the Councilof National Defense by appointmentof President Wilson, as wellas Nlember of the Advisory Commissionof the Council itself. Inthese capacities, Dr. Nfartin enro]led35,000 mcdical officers and 5,000dentists in the Meclical and DentalReserve Corps, plus 75,000 in theVolunteer N{edical Service Corpsrvhich he organized himself.Besides being an Honorary Fellorvor a Corresponding Member ofsix South American N{edical societies,he is a men-rber of eighi ciubsin Chicago or Washington ot a generalnature, and (incredible as itseems) a member of no less than 38organizations of a medicai or ahiednature in this country, includrng theAmerican l,Iedicai Associarion, theAmerican Gynecological Society (ofr'r,hrch he lvas pres.dent in 1919),the Congress of American Physiciansand Surgeons, the NatronalInstitute of Social Sciences, AmericanHospital Association, etc.Since 1905 Dr. Martin has beeneditor-in-chief ol Surgery, Gynecologyand Obstetfics, since 1910,Director-General of the CiinicalCongress of the American Coltegeof Surgeons, and since 191J, Director-Generalof the Corlege rtself.He is also Associate llditor of theArnerican J ottrnaL of Oostetrics andGynecotogy, u,as prcsident of theAmerican Col'ege o{ Surgeorrs in7929 and of the lnternatronal Associatronol Gvrrecoiogrsrs and Obstetlicransin 19i9, and is the founderand chairman of the boar-d oi thcGorgas NIemorial Institute oi 'fropicaiand Preventive l)iseases.Thele is much more to be saidabout Dr. li'ranklin H. \,Iartin, indelatieablervorkrr 41d grgan,zcr, butspace hmitations prevent thrs. Thiscursory and inconrplete g-ance overhis record of achievemerits, at least,will serve as an indication of ther-emarkabte actrvity of this distinguishedAmerican physician.D. Lamonica

The ltalians in the Llnired Srares(Read'ers Are Invited to Send, in ltems of Real llorth for Possible IJse iyt These Cohrmns. Photographs Will ALso BeIil elcome)ALABAMAUncler the auspices of the Sons ofItaly in Birmingham, thousands of Italians,like millions of Italians the rvorldover, celebrated Columbus Day. WithMr. J. Marino as chairman of the er.rtertainmentcommittee, a dance concludedthe program. The Italian rveekli' "IiGladiatore" also gave a banquet in Bessemerthat evening. Elviro Di. Laura iseditor.CALiFORN IAThe teachers of Italian in nortl-rernCaiifornia gave a luncheon last monthin honor of Prof . G. A. Borgese of\{ilan, visiting in Anerica and now occupyingthe chair of ltalian Culture atthe University of California. Other distinguishedguests fncluded the ItalianConsul-General; Prof. Altrocchi, headof the University's Department ofItalian; and Gr. Ufi. Ettore Patrizi, editoroI the daii]' "L'Italia" of San Franc1sco.There are, according to the recenicensus, 107,209 foreign born ltalians norvin California, a number greater than thatof any other foreign nationality in thatState.At a recent meeting of representativesof different lvomen's clubs in Caiifornia,the housing problem in d;fferentEuropean countries was discussed, severalyoung ladies of European origingiving a sketch of tl're problem in theirrespective corrntries. The Italian housingproblem n'as handled bv \{iss GiseldaCampagnoli, r'ecently graduatcdwith honors from the Universitv ofCalifornia.COLORADOThe LTniversity of Denver in thatcity gives courses in ltalian and ltalianliterature. This 1.ear, in the ExtensionD;vision, Mr. Carl Perricone, rveliknou'nin the city as stuclent and n riter,i,vi1l in adrlition give lessons at the Universityin Italian and in Italian historl'.CONNECTICUTThe Yale Lrnive rsity honor list,composed o{ the students u,ho made highgrades, last year, rvas made public lastmonth and it included the f ollorving:Valentine J. Giamatti of Nerv Haven,Salvatore T. Castiglione of New Haven,John A. Fahro of Torrington, Conn.,John R. Cuneo of Norwalk, Conn.,James F. Mormile of New Hrven. Angelo1\[. Ragonetti of X{ount Vernon, N.Y.. Francis Schiaroli of Nauqutuck,Conn., Delmar F Beratti nf Nerv Hav-'en, Toseoh J. Esno"ito of Bridoeport,Conn., Mrrio A. D. V:ta of East H2ven.Conn., Peter J. Ferrara of Meriden,Conn., John J. \Iezzanotte of Nerv Haven,ar.rd \-incerrt \ril1iano of NervHaven.A farerr'el1 banquet t'as gilen at theUnlque Restaurant in \\iaterburl' lastmonth for Joseph A1fieri, popular druggistin that city, \lr. Alficri is to be marriednext month to }{iss Si'lr'ia Ricciardellioi \eu' York.A speech rvas given last rnonth b1.Flavio Guidi of the editorial staff of "I1Progresso Italo-Americano" of NewYork at Bridgeport, before the membersof the Fairfield County Italian Republicar-iAssociation.Alice White, the popular movie star,declared recently during an intervieu' inNew Haven that she u'as born in l'{i1an.Italy, and that her real name is AlvaSanfelice.Former A1derm:rn Louis A. Abriolaof the 10th District in Bridgeport, hasbeen appointed treasurer of the ltalian-American Republican Central Association,following the resignation oI EmilioNapolitano.Three Italo-Americans were recentlyelected to political positions inWest Haven. They are: Grand Jurors:Thomas Coletti, Republican, and Henry\{asnato, Democrat; Constable: SalvatoreOrio, Republican.DI.STRICT OF COLUMBIAThe fourth annual banquet of theGeorgetown chapter of the Lambda PhiI'Iu 1\{edical Fraternity took place recentlyat the Nobile Rcstaurant at Washington.Among the guests of honor wereProf. Mario l{o11ari. instrrrctor in bacteriologyat Georgetown, Dr. Raphaell,Ianganaro, instructor in the medicalclinic, ancl Atty. ldichele Strizzi. Thefraternity is composed of ltalo-Americanmcclical students.ILLINOISFather Giovanni Peona, rcctor oithe ChLrrch of the lncoronation in Chicago,has becn given the Cross ofChcr.aliel in thc EqLrestrian Order ofSS. \Iaurice and Lazarus. the first everconferred upon an Italo-American inthat city.The Standard Club of Chicago lastmonth gave a banquet attended bv 60 o'fChicago's foremost physicians, in honorof the noted Italian scientist. EttnreLevi. Dr. Levi, n'ho is here on a visitto the Mavo Brothers' Clinic in thenorthnest. is professor of neurology atthe lJn:versitv of Rome and Directo' ofthe Italian Irstitute of Hveiene. Preventionand Soc;al Assi"tarce. as wellas the author of many scientific works.A committee ha" heen organized in187Chicago to raise funds for needy anduircnrplol ed Italians jn thar city. I rsclrailman is Cav. Uff. Dr. Cirrseppe Castruccio,Italian Consul Gerreral in Chicago,and the other memlters of thec,ommittee are Gr. Uff. Antonio Lagorio,Comm. C oranni Rigali. Cav. Dr.-ItaloVolini. Judge John Sbarlaro, Cav. EdrvardNlaglione, head of the Banco diNapoli. Trust Co. in Chicago, RodolphFocacci,-and John A. Brizoiira.At a barrquct t"ndered in his honorlast month at the Palmer House in Chicago,_W;lliam J. Bogan, director of publicschools, was given the decoration ofChevalier of the Crou'n of Italv in rec-_ognition of lhe part he played in havingItalian taughr in-Chicago's public schooliProf, Luigi Carnovale, fervid Italianwriter, author of "Why Italy Enteredthe Worlcl War" and other books,founder of the Italian weeklv ,,ffPen'iero" and latcly editor of thcnewly-founded eighr-page Italian week.ly. "Corriere di Chicago," died in Chicagolast morth of a sudden illness.LOU IS IANA_ "God and Man" was the topic oI alecture recently delivered by 'NIr. O.Chiocchio at ihe headquarte-rs of' theUnione Italiana of New Orleans, underthe auspices of the Dante Al,ghieri. Thenext lecture on the series will be givenby Atty. A. Parsons, recentlv mjde aChevalier oi the Crown oI Itaiy.MARYLANDWith the support of John .W. Gar--r'ett,American Ambassador to ltalv, theX,Iuseum of Fine Arts in Balt:more is exhibit!ngthis month 75 rnasterpieces ofItalian paintirs selected from the recentQuadrennial Exhibition at Rome. Theinauguration uas attended by AmbassadorGarrett, Nobile Giacomo Di Martino,Italiarr Ambassador to the UnitedStates. XIr. F. \[cKinney, r] rcctnr nf theI'f use um and orig;nator o I the proj ect,and many other notables. Among themodern Italian artists repres^n'ed areTosi, Carena, Carr. Bartoli. Ferrazzi.Casorati, Cabras. lilrni. $i16pi /'-''-,. '.'^nsecord prize last month at the CarnegieJ.stitute Inte'nn1;6t.ro1 Erpc .i .r ),Pucci, I-evi, Paresce. Amato, Zanjni,\'Ionti. Salietti and Peluzzi.Sor,"e 500 nersors ait^nd^d +he banquetgiven last month at the SorrthernHotel in Baltimore in honor of Atty.f)e-arco. n^r",lv mad€ a Chevalier of theCrown of ltal1'.On the occa"io- of fiic 1^t11.n 6-oavisit to Italv, Frank Cor" soniti, acontractor of Brltimore, was given abanque+ la"t m^nth at the L^.4 B'rltimoreHotel in that city bv the membersof the Italian Club. of which he isa member.ljjlI

190second. prize. .Th.e painting had previously.been exhibited at the Qrradrennialin Rome.The Circolo Dante Alighieri ofPhila.lelphia announccd r.ecenlll- the resignatiorrof Cav. Furey Ellis'from hisoffice of president of the society. In hisplacc u es electerl Arry. l\tichail Goelia.u hnse seat irr rhe Boerd oI Direciorswas assumed by Atty. Amerigo Cortese.Hon. M. A. Nlusmanno of StoweTownship last month was elected tothe county court bench.When Judge Eugcrre Al ss.ndronioi Phi'adelphia returned to this countrvearly last mnnth aller a short vis:t t6Italy, he n'as received at the pier in NewY-ork by a large gathering of membersoI tl-e Sons of Italy, ol which he isGlau,l Vencrable for tlre Stare ol pennsylvania.At a rccent luncheon at the HotelAdelphia of the Knights of ColumbusA'I-LAN'I'ICA, NO\/EMBER, 1931Luncheon Club of Philadelphia, thef.eatured speakelwas the Marquis$sostino Ferrante di Ruffano, RoyalItalian Consul General in philadelp6ia.Cav. Henry Di Berardino presided attlre.luncheon and Jrrdge Erigene Alessandronialso s"oke. Olhers nre.ent included:Cav. E. V. H. Nardi, vicepres:dentoi the club, court interpreterThomas .A. Del Vecchio, Assistani DistrictArorney Joseph De V'to, Cav.Furey Ellis and Attorney Theodore\{aioriello.Dr. Cav. Calmir.re Carlrrcci of Phi1r.delphia was given a banquet last monthatthe Savoia Restaurant on BroadStreet by his colleagues and friends.The conrmittee on arrangements includedCav. D. De Gregoris, Comm. F.A. Travascio and Gaetano Lanciano.RHODE ISLANDFriends ancl admirers of Dr. TitoAr-rgeloni of Providence tendered him abanquet lastthat city onfrom a shortmonth at Eagle Park inthe occasion of his returnvisit to lta1y.VIRCIN IAAt the annual Jnstitute of EuropeanAffairs held at Williamsburg undei theausp:ces oI the Colieee oI William andXlary last month, Dr. Beniamino deRitis of the Italv America Societv ofNew York, gilve an addres. un ,.Th."Tenth Year of Fascism."WASH INCTONThe first annual bail of the ItaliarrRelief Associatjon of Seattle took placeat the Seattle Casa Italiana on Oct. Z,lth.T_he committee in charge includedlles:rs. B. Faneini. \I. Pesci, F. parente,A. Facci and Mesdames M. Torre, R.Fnrnaciari, C. Gattanini, Galvagno 'andRosso.importance the 1033 patentsheld by the great experimenterof Menlo Park would be as difficultas defining which of theterz,ine or triplets of the DivineComerly is the most beautiful.l-rom the Edison batteriesto the incandescent lamp, fromthe gramophone to the soundfiims, from the telegraph to thetelephone and the radio, inwhich Edison recorded somebasic plrenomena, it can well besaid that there was no branchof electro-technology to whichhe l'as not a contrihutor., botlras pioneer and as realizer.Ilrom one coast to the otherof the United States his nameis inevitably associated withthe most colossal organizationof electrical enterprises, andeven in ftal;' there is in Milanan trlclison eompany which supplieslight and energy to theregions of Lombardy. fn Italiantechnologv Edison was alwaysenormously interested:the first industrial line for thetransrnission of energy, in fact,was that ertending from Tivolito Rome. fn this projectmany engineers of the AmericanEdison participated, andhe himself admired it greatly.It has been estimated thatmore than ten billion dollarsare invested today in industrieswhose economy is based on, orat least has been fundamentallvaffectecl by, the inventions oiEdison. But figures of thissize might be compiled and repeatedscores of times: theyfrequentlv leave us cold beyearto match up the internationaloompetition in this newfield of endeavor. It is worthrecalling that the LTnion ofSouth Africa is granting manycomrnercial privileues to German)r,rvhich in 1928 concludedan economic entente with CapeTown, thereby at one strokeputting Germany on the samebasis as England in commer-THOMAS A. EDISON(Coriinuecl fronr, lage 153)ITALY IN AFRICA(Continued, from page 157)cial relations with the Dominion.Not only clid the moveappear to be an index of an activerevival of the interests ofGermany in its former coloniesand in all African countries,but also a tendency of SouthAfrica to gravitate towards theMediterranean and to allv itselfcommercially with Europeannations.cause they are too distant fromus.Yet there is perhaps no othername in the history of mankindwhich, like Edison's, hasbeerr able to create for itself aiiving monument in every countryof the rvorld, and in ever):home of every country.The resting-place of Edisonwill have no need of a constantlyburning light: every remotecorner of the world has its ownlight burning to the mem,ory ofthe great inventive genius.And that he was a genirl-scannot bc doubted, especiall.v iiwe accept the definition of geniusprovided by Edison himself: " Geni,u,s is one per centinspirati,on ancl ni,tt ety -ni,ne yt erc ent p er s p,i,r at'i o tt,. "Italy's position in the Mediteruaneanand her colonies inAfrica facilitate points of contaetbetween ltal;', which isseeking new outlets in Africa,and the Dominiou, which isgradually winning its independencein order to become, in itsown sphere, a ne$r America ofthe future.

Atlantica in BreveA richiesta di parecchi abbonati presentiamo un breve sommario degliarticoli pubblicati in inglese in questo numero di ATLANTICA. Saremograti a quei lettori che vorranno farci avere il loro pensiero al riguardo.IL GENIO DI EDISONdi S. E. Vittorio Emanuele Orlando"Edison non deve essere consideratocome un grand'uotno, mabensi come tn Superuow,o. Io dirdche Edison non fu un grande ingegno,fu un Genio." Cosi l'autoreinizia tl sun articolo. Rileva quindii caratteri essenziali della genialitd,raffrontandoli con quelli della erudizionee della aersotilitd. "Caratteripropri de1 Genio sono la potenzacreativa e 1'universaliti." eglidice.La potenza creativa de1 Genio d----;'J,'i#lfl;lil . i'liii'l?i" #'""r'.'.1; rHoMAs A. EDrsoNhi .or., fatti e ieriti mai pensati di Renato Lombardirrd irnmaginati in precedenza da- d'- q:l:'lillto"1o esaita lamente umann. -.,',r."1i";;;;.;; l:-lltl'"dell'eruditt-, A induttivo. e con la tec- sra,nrl.: ngtlra I ll l'.'lrson' ,pal'agoll-il suo gettio a quellnnicadie 1a specializz"ri"r..'*.4;"rL llichcltenace111lo, angelo,.per la moltepliciti dei campilavoro ,r nd"tti*.r.t;.ll.;;. 1n cut ta sue ii1[]vlLa Iasctx tracclaalra siopel'ta (11 nuove appllcazloniper' il ;"ssi"f; . -;sii5i;';i';t- ilI:T:1i:,,,.t;::';:il;ll';'ji.Tl. :!.tamento di veriti notc"Ediso'-1'auto,e a*'er*,1-_i^,:: LT,i-''ixili;'$olll'" "f'l"':x"i*" t'icreatlre, dotato di unavirtil mister ir"l#.iosa e possente, per cui il consider- -'l:1" tomba di Eclison_i,autoreare Llna cosa, od anche semplice- tiice]nol, o"r-e tirog"o di una lammenteun -aspetto 9:1 l:ld"...:: i,nJu p.r."".; og"ii"snlo c1el monteriore,.gli sugge'isce,Ir-1 t1i:- [; il la sua rn'rrpuA] accesa allaformazione orofonda. radicale. del- .initiva, indipendentemente da ognisperimentazione tecnica."L'autore rileva quindi come inDante ed in Leonardo da Vinci, isr-rddetti caratteri del genio sianopalcsernente nrani f esti."Edison impegna con la naturaun duello di cui la storia dell'umanitiLnon ricorda alcuno pii grande.La Nr-tura a lui si presenta sopratuttoir-r quel1a folza misteriosa,la cui esistenza era per 1a plimavolta rivelata da un italiano. AlessanclroVolta: quella forza elettricacui 1a scienza successivamente d venutaridr-rcendo non solo ogni espressionecli forz:r. ma anche ia stessamateria. Tn questo dueilo magnificooltre ed a parte 1a quantiti eia importanza delle sue invenzioni,che sono 1.600, importa qui di rnetterein rilier.o l'esito complessivo esintetico, che d i1 trionfo riportatodall'uomo sul1a Natura. . . . E questavittoria resta superbamente definitiva."E,dison viene quindi ad assllmerein sd tutto 1o spirito c1el suotempo."Egli d anche stato il pii perfettostrumento, e 1a piri perfetta espressionespirituaie del suo popolo."Cosi l'autore conclude dopo avereaccennata a1la intensiti febbriledeila vita americana di oggi, ed allaiorza dt lavoro e di voiont) degiiuomini di questa giovane grandenazlone.111('nlO111 (lCl Stlr) UelllO lllVelitlVn.LE NUOVE STRADE D'ITALIAdi H. B. BullockIn questa seconda parte de1 suoarticolo che descrive i fascini che1'Italia offre ai turisti, 1a SignoraBulloclt ci ciice ancora dei vantaggidell'uso del1'automobile. Fra lemolte buone strade che possono esserepercol'se, l'autrice suggerisce lepii conyer.i"nti. che passano attraversole pii belle citt), dandoci nellesue leggiadre clescrizioni, notiziestorichc cli notevole interesse. 11suo viaggio ha termine al Nord,nella regione dei Laghi. "L'ultimataopa-ella conclude-d quella daMilano a Genova, e quindi il piroscafoper Ner'v Yorl

192ATLANTICA, NOVEMBER, 1931Il Sig'. Corsi, un immigrato eglistesso, studid avvocatura, ma indirizzdsu'bito la sua attivitl ad'operesociali, contribuendo largamente agiornali e riviste. Fu mandato dall)utlooh nel Nfessico, e quindi inItalia dal New York Wolld, fotnendouna serie di interessanti articoli;ha anche regolarmente contribuitoad Atlantica, dal febbraicrscorso. Egli organizzd nel 1926 la"Columbian Republican League of]derv York State," mantenendone lacarica di Presidente per cinque anni,riuscendo ad associare ben50.000 italiani. Egli, sempre permerito della sua esperienza, iu tro*-inato I'anno scorso "Census Supervisor"di Manhattan.Il Sig. Corsi si d costantementeoccupato di opere sociali, sia con loscrivere, sia co1 tenere conferenzealle Universiti sui vari problemidell'immigrazione, sia col irattarnepersonalmente i problemi stessi,con immigrati delle 27 diverce nazioni,con i quali la ''Haarlem House"ha rapporti. Egli ama il lavoro c:^apfge perfettamente f immigrato, e'la chiarezza delle sue idee. r]nita'alpir) perfetto spirito di imparzialiti.lo porta sempre a vedere e-considerareIe due facce di ogni problema.L'ARTE ITALIANA NELsEcolo xvil.del Prof. Alfonso Arbib-CostaIn questo quarto ed ultimo articolosulle grandi epoche dell'ArteItaliana, I'autore ci parla del sentitnentoreligioso che predon-rind irrogni campo nel seic&to artisticoitaliano : sentimento cristiano ortoilosso,e non ritorno all'ascetismo oal paganesimo. Parla quindi deicapolavori del Tasso e del Bernini,che furono i maggiori esponenti delsecolo, rispettivamente nelle letteree nella scultura. Per la pittura citaia scuola bolognese de[ Carracci,ispirata al semplicismo, e la scuolanapoletana del Caravaggio, cui appartenneroil Ribera ed il SalvatorRosa, tipicamente realistica.L'autore attribuisce inline alleristi vicende politiche che sconvol-sero la vita italiana del '700 ed ,800il periodo della Decadenza, e concludecon I'augurio che la nuovaItalia possa essere presto al primoposto neile lettere e nelle arti, comenel glorioso passato.IL FOOTBALL DELRINASC I M ENTOdi Arnaldo CervesatoNel generale interessamento dioggi in America per le gare Universitarie_difootfall, molto pochi,scrive il Sig. Cervesato, sanno chequesto popoiare sport americano hale sue radici nel gioco del Calcio,rnolto in voga in Italia nel secoloXVI. L'estate scorsa una partita diCalcio fu giocata a Firenze con leidentiche regole e modalit) di quattrosecoli fi, ed anche i costumi deigiocatori furono riprodotti, e destdgrandissimo interesse. Riferendosia quel che dice un vecchio manualedell'epoca, il Sig. Cervesato dimostracome il gioco del Calcio di alloraed il rnoderno football americanosiano sostanzialmente eguali.Egli ci di inline una lista clei piifamosi giocatori, tutte persone dellapiil grande eminenza, e ci parla diuna famosa partita giocata a F'irenzedurante un assedio.L'ESPOSIZIONE DI ARTEITALIANA A BIRMINGHAMPiil di 100.000 persone hannonello scorso Settembre ed Ottobrevisitata I'Esposizione di Arte ltalianaa Birrningham, una delle piiimportanti mai avute negli StatiUniti. Gli oggetti d'arte raccolti dalComitato, che comprendeva le pir)eminenti personaliti italiane, sonostati valutati ad oltre 250.000 dollari.L'Esposizione fu tenuta sottol'alto Patronato del1'AmbasciatoreItaliano a Washington, S. E. Nob.Giacomo De Martino, e rnolti artistied autorit) pubbliche italiani hannofacilitato il compito al Comitato coldare liberalmente la loro cooperazione.Ulteriori attrattive sonostate rrn "pageant" storico e un programmacli Conferenze. 11 Comitato,con,a capo il Sig. J. C. Catanzaro,merita le pii f ervide congratulazioni,per aver presentato contanto successo un insieme di bellezzeitaliane sotto molteplici aspetti.GLI ITALIANI A FILADELFIAdi Teresa F. BucchieriGli Italiani costituiscono unquinto dei 2.000.000 di abitanti cheha Filadelfia, ci dice in questo art!colo la Signorina Bucchieri, 50.000dei quali sono studenti nelie variescuole ed universiti. Vi sono pii di145 dottori in Fisica, 100 in Firmacia,55 Dentisti italiani, che esercitanola loro professione a Filadelfia,tra i quali si distinguono eminentipersonaliti. Pin di 80 sono coloroehe praticano Legge, fra i qualig3elge la prominenre figura' delGiudice E. V. Alessandr6ni. Nelcampo bancario, giornalistico e dell'.rnsegnamento gli italiani sono moltobene in vista, e nelle varie arti sisono affermati e si affermano ognigiorno pir) brillantemente. Vi so"noben 1.650 musicisti ben noti, edeguaie distinzione meritano i varipittori e scultori. Vi sono a Filadelfiacirca 200 associazioni italo-amer,icane, che, unendo complessivamente200.000 persone, attlstano iprogressi raggiunti nell'attiviti sociale.LA STAMPA ESTERA NEL-L'AMERIC ANIZZAZIONEdi L. V. FucciLa stampa straniera.d stata frequentamenteaccusata di ostacolareil progresso dell'Americanizzazione.In quest'articolo, preso dal testo diuna conferenza dftamata per radiooil Signor Fucci con eloquenza e conprofonda conoscenza dell'argomento,rivendica i meriti dellastampa italiana. Questa egli dice,non solo, si d sempre dimostrataleale e solidale ma ha contribuitoimmensamente all'Americanizzazionedegli immigrati ed ha aiutatogli americani nella loro opera dipropaganda.IilItf

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