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SAMPLE, DESIGN, & INTERVENTIONACHIEVEMENTMEASUREeducation classes) wereasked to children andparents.OUTCOMESelection criteria related to asthma: 1. Medical recordsaccording to American Thoracic Society. 2. One episodeof wheezing in past year reported from parent or doctor.Study design: Cross-sectionalSchool records for subsample of 50.40% of parents reported their children had some problems in schools, mostof them being school absence and reading difficulties or languageproblems for Spanish–speaking parents. 17% of children were required torepeat the year.70% of parents reported they discussed asthma with the teachers andspecifically, absences, restriction of activities and administration ofmedicines. Problems included management of asthma at school, when tobe absent from school and how to keep up with school when missing.Parents reported that one of the problematic classes was physicaleducation. Half of the parents reported partly or complete restriction ofactivities posed to their children or sometimes teachers would not permitchildren to rest when needed.Gutstadt (1989)Sample: N = 99 children between ages of 9 and 17 years(mean age [+- SD], 12.7+- 2.2 years) with moderatelysevere and severe asthma. Mean age at onset andevaluation of asthma 2 and 12 years respectively.Study Design: Cross sectionalAcademic Performancetests:For age 9 to 12 yrs –Woodcock ReadingMastery Test, KeyMath DiagnosticArithmetic Test.For age 13 to 17 yrs –Woodcock-JohnsonPsychoEducationalBattery (part II test ofachievement).Performance in standardized academic test was average to above average.Mean T scores were 52.5 and 52.4 for reading and mathematicsrespectively. (Mean in normal population=50)IQ score test were above and average above correlating with mathematicsand reading (r 2 =.55 and r 2 =.38 respectively).Academic performance correlated significantly with use of oral steroids inpreceding year and socioeconomic status.Earlier onset of disease and longer duration were associated with lowperformance.Intelligence testing withSlosson IntelligenceTestsPoor behavioral and emotional functioning was associated with lowperformance. CBCL was significantly correlated with performance (math,r= -.39 and P=.0002; reading, r= -.29 and P=.007)Psychologicalassessment withstandardized ChildBehavioral Checklist(CBCL)Lack of correlation, surprisingly, between academic performance andschool absenteeism.Lindgren(1992)Sample: N = 356 children aged 6 to 18 years-old (255children with asthma who were seen for asthma at twosubspecialty clinic in Iowa during a one year period in1989 and 1990; 101 control siblings)Academic achievementassessed by Iowa Testsof Basic Skills (ITBS)for grades 1 through 8.Total children with asthma scored 0.6 to 0.8 SD above the national averagefor three subject areas on ITED and ITBS. Mean composite T-score = 57.1(expected mean [+-SD] 50 +-10)E-67