Table 10. Estimates of the Cost of Absenteeism for School Districts in TexasComparison of per student per day costsOrganizationPer Pupil StateExpenditure ($)Per Pupil StateExpenditure per Day ($)Source of InformationHumble Independent SchoolDistrict5714 1 32.29 a http://www.humble.k12.tx.us/legislativeInfo_attendance.htmFort Worth IndependentSchool District4720 2 26.22 b http://www.fortworthisd.org/comm/media/05_13_05.pdfAction for Healthy Kids 9.00-20.00 c http://www.actionforhealthykids.org/devel/pdf/LC_Color_120204_final.pdfAverage DistrictHouston ISD3115 3 17.31 d Action for Healthy Kids estimates1652 3 9.18 d Action for Healthy Kids estimatesInstitute for Health Policy 3145 4 17.50 e1 Information retrieved 2005/07/27; 2 2003-2004; 3 Per pupil revenue from state,Texas,1999-2000; 4 2002-03;a Information from website; b Information from website (per student expenditure/days of instruction = 4,720/180); c Reportinformation; d Information provided by Action for Healthy Kids; e Proper estimationExtended Citations for Tables in Part ThreeAmerican Lung Association. (2005). State of the air. Protect the air you breathe. Retrieved 2005/05/11, from www.lungusa.orgCalifornia Department of Health Services. (2002). Strategic plan for asthma in California. Retrieved 2005/05/08, fromhttp://www.ehib.org/cma/papers/strategic_asthma.pdfCalifornia Food Policy Advocates. (2005). Policy recommendations on nutrition assistance and obesity prevention: CaliforniaWorking Families Policy Summit. Available at: http://ccrwf.org/working/CFPAFederalFoodProgRecs2005.pdf.Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (1996). Guidelines for school health programs to promote lifelong healthy eating.MMWR, 45(RR-9), 1-33.Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (1997). Guidelines for school and community programs to promote lifelong physicalactivity among young people. MMWR, 46(RR-6), 1-36.Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2001). Increasing physical activity: A report on recommendations of the Task Forceon Community Preventive Services. MMWR, 50(No. RR-18), 1-16.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2004). Strategies for addressing asthma within a coordinated school healthprogram. With updated resources: Atlanta, Georgia: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center forChronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Available at: www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/asthma/pdf/strategies.pdf.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, & Divisionof Adolescent and School Health. (2004). Improving the health of adolescents & young adults: A guide for states andcommunities: Atlanta, GA.Committee on Prevention of Obesity in Children and Youth, Food and Nutrition Board, & Board on Health Promotion andDisease Prevention. (2005). Preventing childhood obesity: Health in the balance. Washington, D.C.: The NationalAcademies Press.Connecticut Department of Public Health; in collaboration with State of Connecticut Department of Education, & United Way ofConnecticut/Infoline. (2002). Managing asthma in Connecticut schools. A resource manual. Retrieved 2005/05/10,from http://www.dph.state.ct.us/BCH/new_asthma/asthma_in_schools.htmDepartment of Health and Human Services. (2000). Action against asthma. A strategic plan for the Department of Health andHuman Services. Retrieved 2005/05/02, from http://aspe.hhs.gov/sp/index.shtmlDepartment of Health and Human Services. (2003). National agenda for public health action: The National Public Healthinitiative on diabetes and women’s health. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention.Department of Health and Human Services, & Department of Education. (2000). Promoting better health for young peoplethrough physical activity and sports. A report to the President from the Secretary of Health and Human Services andE-51
the Secretary of Education: Available at:http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/physicalactivity/promoting_health/index.htm.Diabetes in California Task Force. California's Plan for Diabetes 2003-2007: California Diabetes Program. Available at:http://www.caldiabetes.org/content_display.cfm?CategoryID=10&ContentID=92.Dunn, A. L., & Blair, S. N. (2002). Translating evidenced-based physical activity interventions into practice. The 2010challenge. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 22(4 Suppl), 8-9.Eckersley, R. M. (2001). Losing the battle of the bulge: Causes and consequences of increasing obesity. Medical Journal ofAustralia, 174(11), 590-592.Environmental Health Tracking Project Team. (2000). America's environmental health gap: Why the country need a nationwidehealth tracking network: The Pew Environmental Health Commission. Available at:http://www.pewtrusts.com/pubs/pubs_item.cfm?content_item_id=539&content_type_id=8&page=p1.Federal Liaison Group on Asthma, & NHLBI. (2001). Coordination of federal asthma activities. Retrieved 2005/04/28, fromhttp://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/docs/asth01rpt.htmFifty-Seventh World Health Assembly. (2004). Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health: World Health Assembly.Eighth plenary meeting. Available at: http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/goals/en/.Florida Department of Health. (2001). The obesity epidemic in Florida: Available at: www.doh.state.fl.us.Florida Department of Health. (2004). Obesity in Florida. Report of the Governor’s Task Force on the obesity epidemic:Available at: http://www.doh.state.fl.us/Family/GTFOE/index.html.Hearne, S. A., Segal, L.M., Unruh, P.J., Earls, M.J., Smolarcik, P. (2004). F as in Fat. How the obesity policies are failing inAmerica: Trust for America's Health. Available at: www.healthyamericans.org.Henze, C., & Plaza, C. (2004). Public health issue brief: Physical education. Year end report-2004. Issue Brief Health PolicyTrack Serv., 1-16.Hoppin, P., & Donahue, S. (2004). Improving asthma management by addressing environmental triggers: Challenges andopportunities for delivery and financing. Asthma Regional Council of New England Retrieved 2005/05/15, fromhttp://www.asthmaregionalcouncil.org/Hoppin, P., & Donahue, S. (2005). Improving asthma management by addressing environmental triggers: Model projects fromacross the country. Asthma Regional Council of New England Retrieved 2005/05/15, fromhttp://www.asthmaregionalcouncil.org/International Obesity TaskForce, & European Association for the Study of Obesity. (2002). Obesity in Europe. The case foraction: International Obesity TaskForce. Available at: http://www.iotf.org/.Jeffery, R. W. (1998). Prevention of obesity. In G. A. Bray, Bouchard, C., James W.P.T (Ed.), Handbook of obesity. New York:Marcel Dekker, Inc.Kahn, E. B., Ramsey, L. T., Brownson, R. C., Heath, G. W., Howze, E. H., Powell, K. E., et al. (2002). The effectiveness ofinterventions to increase physical activity. A systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 22(4 Suppl),73-107.Krebs, N. F., Jacobson, M. S., & American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. (2003). Prevention of pediatricoverweight and obesity. Pediatrics, 112(2), 424-430.Kriska, A. (2002). Striving for a more active community. Lessons from the diabetes prevention program and beyond. AmericanJournal of Preventive Medicine, 22(4 Suppl), 6-7.Kunzli, N., McConnell, R., Bates, D., Bastain, T., Hricko, A., Lurmann, F., et al. (2003). Breathless in Los Angeles: Theexhausting search for clean air. American Journal of Public Health, 93(9), 1494-1499.Lara, M., Nicholas, W., Morton, S., Vaiana, M., Genovese, B., Rachelefsky, G., et al. (2001). Improving childhood asthmaoutcomes in the United States. A blueprint for policy action: RAND. Available at: www.rand.org.Lara, M., Rosenbaum, S., Rachelefsky, G., Nicholas, W., Morton, S. C., Emont, S., et al. (2002). Improving childhood asthmaoutcomes in the United States: A blueprint for policy action. Pediatrics, 109(5), 919-930.League, C., & Dearry, A. (2004). Obesity and the built environment: Improving public health through improving communitydesign. Research Triangle park, NC: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institute of Health,Division of Research Coordination, Planning and Translation.Lobstein, T., Baur, L., Uauy, R., & IASO International Obesity TaskForce. (2004). Obesity in children and young people: Acrisis in public health. Obesity Reviews, 5 Suppl 1, 4-104.McConnell, R., Berhane, K., Gilliland, F., London, S. J., Islam, T., Gauderman, W. J., et al. (2002). Asthma in exercisingchildren exposed to ozone: A cohort study. Lancet, 359(9304), 386-391.McKinlay, J., & Marceau, L. (2000). US public health and the 21st century: Diabetes mellitus. Lancet, 356, 757–761.National Association of State Boards of Education. Fit, healthy, and ready to learn: A school health policy guide. Retrieved2005/07/23, from http://www.nasbe.org/healthyschools/fithealthy.mgiNational Asthma Control Task Force. (2000). The Prevention and management of asthma in Canada: A major challenge nowand in the future: Available at: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/pma-pca00/.E-52
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Appendix ATask Force Members and St
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Hector Balcazar, Ph.D.Regional Dean
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Charles Haley, M.D., M.S.Medical Di
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Michael McKinney, M.D.Senior Execut
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M. Roy Wilson, M.D.PresidentTexas T
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Appendix BMedicaid and the State Ch
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services. There are two broad types
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Mandatory and Optional Covered Popu
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• Nurse-midwife services;• Fede
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Disproportionate Share Hospital Pro
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March 13, 2001, that limited the am
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year from FFY 2002-2004, $4.05 bill
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Medicaid beneficiaries. Section 191
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started in 2001 and 2002 to curb in
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urban and with fewer than 250,000 p
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Protection Act of 2000 and the Medi
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orientation). Recipients of Supplem
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enrollee is assigned a primary care
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Table 7. Texas Medicaid Policy Chan
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Table 8. Texas SCHIP Policy Changes
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families (through the employer’s
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share of the match must come from t
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Reinstating the Medically Needy Spe
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Endnotes1 Texas Health and Human Se
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35 Powers, Pyles, Sutter, and Vervi
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73 Office of Management and Budget,
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113 TexCare, Children’s Health In
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150 Lyndon B. Johnson School of Pub
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States by Groupings with Current El
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Medicaid and the State Children’s
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Graduate Medical Education ProgramA
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needs, however, there is a shortage
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15 Texas Association of Counties,
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ecording and evaluation; physical e
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Medicaid and the State Children’s
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ReferencesAmerican Academy of Pedia
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downloads/bipa.pdf#search='Medicare
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Texas Health and Human Services Com
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Appendix CAn Analysis of Reform Opt
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Encouraged by these low rates, Cong
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Establishing state-only tax incenti
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New York passed the Health Care Ref
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Hospital Cost Containment — Maryl
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dollar spent. 237 Texas spent almos
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Another option for small businesses
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• Medical equipment and supplies,
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pay the premiums for Medicaid benef
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Medicaid to children born after Sep
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Bill of Rights or “TABOR”; and
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The federal share for CHP+ is 65 pe
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SCHIP: increased eligibility in CHP
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• Medical equipment and supplies
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6. Funds obtained through the recov
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Status ReportMaineCare Program Expa
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the federal poverty level. 404 Sinc
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need their jobs as a source of empl
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Endnotes191 Deborah Chollet, Issue
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225 Ibid.226 Maryland Health Care C
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259 Kaiser Family Foundation, State
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SCHIP&subcategory=Medicaid+Spending
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325 Kaiser Family Foundation, State
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361 State Coverage Initiatives, Sta
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SCHIP&subcategory=SCHIP&topic=Feder
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An Analysis of Reform Options Devel
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ReferencesAdvantage Insurance and F
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Donnell-Kay Foundation. “Amendmen
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Kaiser Family Foundation. Demograph
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State Coverage Initiatives. Profile
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Appendix DLocal Initiatives to Expa
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with more coordinated services that
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FinancingSources of revenue include
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AdministrationThe Health and Hospit
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Until 1993, Denver Health (DH) was
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different benefit plans are offered
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Cost SharingPatient cost-sharing is
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management programs. I-Care promote
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the county indigent care plan. Bene
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Firstplan xxvi,12Moore County, Mich
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Benefits and ServicesEnrollees can
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EligibilityAs of 2005, enrollment i
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etween $23 and $120 per month. Ther
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Healthcare Accountability Act xxxvi
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Coordination - When health care age
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subsidized initiatives offer exposu
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arriers, two health plans attempted
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xxi Simmons, Sandy Coe, Gionfriddo,
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Table 1 (Continued). Local Care Ini
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Table 2 (Continued). Local Coverage
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Appendix EEducation and Health:A Re
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The human capital approach suggests
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etween standardized test scores (St
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- Page 240 and 241: REFERENCESAck, M., Miller, I., & We
- Page 242 and 243: Elo, I. T., & Preston, S. H. (1996)
- Page 244 and 245: Kaemingk, K. L., Pasvogel, A. E., G
- Page 246 and 247: Miller, D. S., & Miller, T. Q. (199
- Page 248 and 249: Ross, C. E., & Wu, C. L. (1996). Ed
- Page 250 and 251: Williams, D. R. (1990). Socioeconom
- Page 252 and 253: SAMPLE, DESIGN, & INTERVENTIONACHIE
- Page 254 and 255: SAMPLE, DESIGN, & INTERVENTIONStudy
- Page 256 and 257: SAMPLE, DESIGN, & INTERVENTIONACHIE
- Page 258 and 259: SAMPLE, DESIGN, & INTERVENTIONACHIE
- Page 260 and 261: SAMPLE, DESIGN, & INTERVENTIONACHIE
- Page 262 and 263: SAMPLE, DESIGN, & INTERVENTIONACHIE
- Page 264 and 265: SAMPLE, DESIGN, & INTERVENTIONACHIE
- Page 266 and 267: SAMPLE, DESIGN, & INTERVENTIONACHIE
- Page 268 and 269: SICKLE CELL ANEMIAArmstrong(1996)SA
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- Page 272 and 273: SAMPLE, DESIGN, & INTERVENTIONSickl
- Page 274 and 275: SAMPLE, DESIGN, & INTERVENTIONhemog
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- Page 278 and 279: SAMPLE, DESIGN, & INTERVENTIONStudy
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Education and Health: A Review and
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Appendix FState Regulation of Healt
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coverage they offer. 14 By 2004 onl
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poor health may make coverage more
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account for most, or even much, of
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More active state intervention in t
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Table 3 (GAO Appendix IV) shows whi
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Appendix GEmergency and Trauma Care
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The treatment of shock prior to sur
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the EMS needs in rural areas of the
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Level IV trauma centers should be a
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Table 2. Trends in Trauma Severity,
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the hospitals were on diversion or
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Representative Delisi was successfu
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Mental Health Access ChallengesCare
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fhttp://www.techproservices.net/his
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oohttp://www.saveourers.org/reports
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Appendix HBrief: Consulate ClinicDe
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In addition, the roundtable discuss
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clinic(s) affiliated with medical s
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Appendix ICommon Abbreviations
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HMOHRQOLHRSAICF/MRIHCTAIOMISSLBBLIU
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Appendix JPresentersDate/Location:
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Appendix KProvider Taxes: A Differe
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were previously categorized as char