CODE-P

Oct.-Dec. 2012Volume 1 2Issue No. 4STRAIGHT FROM THE INVESTIGATOR’SNOTEBOOKBy: PCSUPT FRANCISCO DON C MONTENEGRO, Ph.D.Acting Director, DIDMDETECTIVEThe"There is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or moreuncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order ofthings." — Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince (1532)The Detective, the official newsletter of PNP Investigators' series has been gainingin readership since the first issue was published in March 2012. Each edition of TheDetective, we strive to improve to make it even more relevant and informative for you(Police Investigators and Detectives). Our aim is to provide you an overview of issuesand investigative breakthroughs focusing on your accomplishments as a team and as aunit; your individual performances, and investigative policies and issuances relevant toour mandate – to solve more crimes and arrest more criminals.Investigation today confront challenges on multiple fronts – new crime trends,advancement of technology, investigative dysfunctions, need for trained, professionaland dedicated investigators in the field, new policies and issuances, competencytraining, honest to goodness crime reporting system, funding for investigative work,discipline, attitude, among others. These challenges and issues often intertwined withother administrative and operational aspect of police work, thus increasing theircomplexity and also the difficulty of addressing them. The Detective puts these issuesand challenges as the first agenda on the table. In fact, the Command Group and Staff ofDIDM, realizes the pressing need for greater understanding of what these keychallenges are; the type of these challenges; including the circumstances that linksthem; and where agenda priorities should lie to further improve our crafts.With the new leadership change in the PNP alongside the PNP's Strategic Focus,CODE –P, it is more important more than ever for The Detective to reach a wider rangeof readers and stakeholders. It is only through highlighting the pertinent issues thatbesets our role as Police Officers, one who solves crimes and one who ensures a sleepand sound mind of the community by arresting more criminals on the street can cometo broader consensus on the urgency of a holistic action on investigation. This translatesto a dedicated team of investigators and detectives with specific tasks and objectives;one team engaging with the community to gather more evidence and witnesses; andone team composed of competent, dedicated and professional investigatorspassionately doing his/her job well to better serve and protect the community.This edition therefore, aims to contribute to such efforts by providing an overviewof what we had achieved for CY 2012, significant investigative breakthroughs, and otherinvestigative developments. The Editorial Board and Staff of The Detective are gratefulto all of you for sharing your thoughts and accomplishments and for joining us in ourjourney towards Strengthening the PNP's Investigative Capability Program tothEnhance Crime Solution Efficiency. It is my hope that you will find this 4 edition of TheDetective valuable.EDITORIAL BOARD AND STAFFPCSUPT FRANCISCO DON C MONTENEGRO, Ph.D.Editorial ConsultantEditorial Board:PCSUPT JOSE JORGE E CORPUZ, CEO VIChairman~PSSUPT PRUDENCIO TOM T BANAS, CSEEVice-ChairmanMembersPSSUPT THERESA ANN B CIDPSSUPT AUGUSTO M MARQUEZ JR, CEO VIPSSUPT ROSVI C MANULIDPSSUPT WILLIAM S MACAVINTAPSUPT SOFRONIO O BUMALAYPSUPT NESTOR BABAGAYPSUPT MARLOWE Q TORINAPSUPT HENRY Q LIBAYPCINSP MELCHOR D AGUSINPCINSP EMMANUEL G VIERNESEditorial Staff:PSSUPT ERICSON T VELASQUEZEditor-in-ChiefPSUPT EDWIN DL PORTENTOBusiness ManagerNUP Myla B DyManaging EditorPo3 Christian Nolan G LuzonPo3 Joara R BaluyotPo2 Arlene H YapNUP Fe N SaplagioNUP Emmanueliza S de GuzmanNUP Amelia A NideaNUP Reynaldo M de LunaPo1 John Michael C OrantePo1 Nepthalie A AdonaFrederick ConstantinoNUP Rachelle C MagbanuaNUP Aivy SantosNUP Resalyn CaragResearchers/StaffThe Detective is the Official QuarterlyNewsletter of Police Investigators withEditorial Office at the Directorate forInvestigation and Detective Management,DIDM Roof deck, NHQ Bldg., CampCrame, Quezon City. Only the EditorialStaff members are authorized to transactbusiness on behalf of the publication.EDITOR'S NOTE:The Editorial Board and Staff welcomecontributions and articles from theinvestigators for succeeding editions. Forinquiries, comments and suggestions,please contact The Editor-in-Chief, at Tel.Nos. (02) 7230401 local 3580, (02)7224091 or email us at:thedetective_didm@yahoo.com,didm_rad@yahoo.com or visit the officialwebsite of didm at:http://didm.pnp.gov.ph/

DETECTIVETheThe Chairman’s MessageBy: PCSUPT JOSE JORGE E CORPUZ, CEO VIDeputy Director, DIDM3Oct.-Dec. 2012Volume 1Issue No. 4“Culture does not change because we desire to change it. Culture changes when the organization is transformed; the culture reflects therealities of people working together every day." — Frances Hesselbein, The Key to Cultural Transformation, Leader to Leader (Spring 1999)Almost every day we are fed with a hosts of heinous and sensational crimes that include murders targeting female students, rape, homicide,robbery victimizing students and call center agents, hold-ups committed by juvenile offenders, assassinations by motor riding in tandem suspects, bankrobberies, mall heist, theft, among others. No other type of crime generates the same amount of public interest, has the same propensity to dominatethe media, or can propel once anonymous people in the spotlight. Likewise, sensational cases and heinous crimes can subject our Police Officers to therigorous scrutiny of the judicial process, media analysts, and public opinion.Bottom line here is that, the perception of the community solely rest on the role of our Police Officers, particularly our investigators to solvecrimes and arrest the criminals. Yes, we cannot prevent crimes, but, it is our duty as Police Officers to protect the people and make our community safe.The community expects us to deliver justice to at least ease the pain and suffering they've experienced as victims of injustice. Just imagine how oneInvestigator can change the anguish and anger from the family of the victims if he can immediately bring the criminals behind bars? Perhaps,investigation of the crime was only one of a number of activities in which the investigators are involved. For one, he must go out of his way to protect andsecure the crime scene, and that ultimately the suspect is identified and apprehended. He needs to gather more evidence and witnesses; talk tomembers of the community who may have witnessed all or part of the incident, and even talk to the family of the victims.The fact is, when a case comes to trial, no attorney or prosecutor will accept the reason of, "We wanted to clear the crime scene" as a reason for ashallow and hurried investigation. Certainly, no members of the victim's family wanted to hear that the suspect was acquitted because, in their haste toclear the crime scene, our investigators missed or improperly collected vital evidence to help in the conviction of the case.This is what I have been propagating to our investigators, our first responders, our Investigator-on-Case, our Crime Scene Investigators- they allplay a vital role in the investigation of a crime! That is also the reason why we at the National Headquarters go out of our way to train our investigators andother police officers, even Police Officer 1's not assigned in investigation offices and units. The essence of having trained investigators and detectives torespond to a fresh crime scene, processing the crime scene without waiting for the SOCO team to arrive, documenting and writing every detail andworking in tandem with patrol officers is often the key to the solving of challenging crimes I mentioned above.Second, the beauty of utilizing our scientific tools on investigation (AFIS,IBIS,DNA, Facial Composite, Digital Cybercrime Laboratories) in solvingcrimes. In some instances, the victim's identity cannot be easily determined, and our investigators must rely on fingerprints to do so. If a victim has beenpreviously arrested or has held a job that required fingerprinting, the identification can usually be made within several hours through the AFIS. These areall vital in the overall solution of crimes.My message is clear from the very beginning. Our investigators play a vital role to at least reduce the anguish and anger from the victim's family.With the recent developments in the PNP, where the current drive of our Chief, PNP is on solving more crimes and arresting more criminals, this is theright time for the Investigation Family to work as one Investigation Team while doing their individual task passionately from the beginning to the end ofthe investigation. It is like connecting all the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle until you formed the total crime picture. And again, these are the challenges that weneed to address in the next days to come.The Executive Officer’s ViewpointBy: PSSUPT PRUDENCIO TOM T BAÑAS, CSEEEx-O, DIDM"Our Chief's want is someone who will inspire us to be what we know we could be." --Ralph Waldo EmersonWelcome to the year-end issue of The Detective! The recent change of command in the PNP leadership has also brought me as the ActingthExecutive Officer of DIDM. Hence, this 4 edition of The Detective also welcomes me as a new member of the Investigation Family. Though investigationis nothing new to me, having been assigned in the field and as AIDSOTF Commander, this new post is a welcome opportunity on my part to deliver what isexpected of me. Each year, as we prepare the Year-end Report, we often asked ourselves: What is the current national crime environment in the country?How far have we accomplished in the PNP's investigative capability program? And, how far have we improved in our crime solution efficiency?I am honored to be of service of working toward the realization of the PNP's current drive of strengthening the investigation. I too, genuinelybelieve that in order to better serve and protect the community, we must develop an interdependent relationship with those we oath to serve. Doing soensures that we can deliver exceptional service to the public by following the Strategic Focus, CODE-P. When it comes down to it, success is all aboutpeople working together to reach common goals. In these times, the security of our people and safety of the community as a whole is a daily challenge.As Police Officers, we recognize the duties and responsibilities that come with donning the badge and will honor the public trust that has been bestowedupon us. Our main goal is clear - Serbisyong Makatotohanan.More than ever, the DIDM will be aggressive in operationalizing the CODE-P through the various activities we are working on. We will strive to usescientific and ICT-assisted investigation in our crime fighting strategy. We will further drumbeat the investigative breakthroughs and activities relevant toinvestigation through The Detective, to further reach each of our almost eight thousand investigators nationwide, and to stay connected to those weserve. Other opportunities to gain efficiencies and improve investigative service through shared services will be explored with our stakeholders andcounterparts in the field of investigation. In essence, we will be open to new ways of further improving our craft in order that we may better serve andprotect our community.

Oct.-Dec. 2012Volume 1Issue No. 44DETECTIVETheThe Investigation Family’s.....from page 1On the other hand, this Directorate will review the existingField Manual on Investigation of Crimes of Violence and othercrimes due to the recent policy developments such as theimplementation of the Judicial Affidavit Rule. The DIDM shallcontinuously develop and craft policies and manuals that will suitthe issues and concerns vis-à-vis investigative lapses faced by ourpolicemen relative to investigation. The Manual on Investigationof Women and Children cases is now approved by the Chief, PNPand is ready for publication and distribution to all Chiefs, WCPDsnationwide. While the publication and distribution of the PNPManual on Case Review Procedure is now underway.On Organizational development, the creation of anInvestigation Department, one of the three (3) key functionaldepartments being proposed is a refreshing opportunity for theInvestigation Family since the PNP shall be principally guided byits mandate of solving more crimes and arrest more criminals. Ifapproved by the Congress, this will result to more convictions incourt and shall improve crime solution efficiency. This will ensureproper direction and utilization of resources and realignment ofsystems and structures.The C,PNP's ultimate goal is to strengthen the investigativefunction of the PNP to arrest more criminals and solve morecrimes. It is an admitted fact that crime cannot be totally prevented;however, a policeman who dedicatedly do his job of solving crimesand bring the perpetrators behind bars, then, the community and thefamily of the victims could truly felt a sense of peace and comfort.For him, this will be the gauge of the community on the PNP'sSerbisyong Makatotohanan.Also, part of this Organizational development is thestrengthening of the crime reporting system, the Non-UniformedPersonnel of the PROs will be designated as Crime Registrarsinstead of Police Non-Commissioned Officers. The additionalNUP Plantilla positions of data encoders and computer operators isbeing worked on by the DPRM. In this way, more uniformedpersonnel will be deployed in the field. The Research and AnalysisDivision will also be strengthened to include the proposed CrimeInformation Center. It will serve as the national repository of allcrime statistics and reports to come up with a comprehensivenational crime environment that reflects the true crime situation.For this year, the DIDM Audit and Assessment Team willconduct a random nationwide on-site visit of all CPS/MPS tovalidate their compliance with LOI 02/09 UCPER as well asenhance their reporting system. By reporting the true crimesituation, the PNP’s Serbisyong Makatotohanan will be truly feltby the community. On the other hand, the activation of CrimeIncident Monitoring Center will also be proposed under thesupervision of the Case Monitoring Division. All otherinvestigative services of DIDM shall also be integrated to the CaseMonitoring Division (which shall be renamed to SpecialInvestigation Division) as part of the streamlining of offices andprocesses.To effectively implement the My IP is the Key of the C,PNP, thatof knowing your job well and doing your job well passionatelyfrom the time you reported for work will be a way of life for theInvestigation Family. An IP Card System will be implemented onstthe 1 quarter of 2013. This will in turn give more focus on thespecific tasks being assigned to each personnel and accomplishedthe objectives of each Division, Section and individuals which willcontribute to the overall accomplishment of DIDM. The AdminOffice and the Plans and Program Section of DIDM shall ensurethat at least 30 minutes shall be allotted for the conduct of briefcoaching and mentoring to all its personnel on a weekly basis. Itaims to develop professional uniformed and non-uniformedpersonnel who has instilled in their hearts and minds the trueessence of their roles and responsibilities. It shall be done to ensurethat the IP Card of each personnel is truly adopted and practiced. Thevarious Investigative offices down to the lowest level shall also berequired to adopt their own IP Card System.On instilling Discipline, it is high time that discipline among theranks shall be encouraged and practiced all the time. It must be a wayof life for all the PNP personnel. This is where the DIDM's role takesplace through the Pre-Charg Evaluation and Investigation Division.By aggressively pursuing the cases filed against corrupt, abusive,and ill-mannered police personnel. The cases that are subject for prechargeevaluation shall be processed immediately to DLOD forsummary hearing which will eventually be the basis for the filing ofappropriate charges and sanctions to be imposed to subject PNPpersonnel. Digital archiving of all cases shall also be implementedwith the support of IT Officers from the Directorate for Informationand Communication Technology Management.This Directorate fully supports the Chief, PNP's objective toinstitutionalize reforms and mechanism to fast track the resolutionof admin cases against PNP personnel through the empowerment ofthe Internal Affairs Service (IAS).Moreover, the DIDM will spearhead the full implementation ofall ICT-assisted based systems relative to investigation. Theadoption of the ICT-assisted based systems is already part of theenhancement of the e-Projects (e-Blotter System, e-Warrant System,and e-Rouges Gallery System) being undertaken by DIDM andDICTM. The DIDM is aggressive more than ever to drumbeat thefull implementation of the e-Projects nationwide. Once fullyinstitutionalized, the e-Projects will later on be integrated to theproposed National Police Clearance System (NPCS).On Excellence, to ensure optimization of resources andstandardization of investigative equipment, the DIDM will beaggressive on the monitoring and accounting of all police stationsrelevant to the submission of AFIS, IBIS hits. To strengthen thePNP's adoption of scientific investigation, the investigative arms ofthe DIDM such as the PNP Crime Laboratory and CriminalInvestigation and Detection Group shall sustain the fullimplementation of the AFIS, IBIS, DNA, Facial Composite Sketch,Digital Cyber Forensic Laboratories down to the lowest policestations. This shall be complemented with a team of trained andskilled investigators and forensic experts assigned in said offices.In addition the concept of a separate evidence room using aContainer Van is included in the specific projects this year. A studyon the used of CCTV Cameras as an important tool in solving crimesand identification of the suspects is being undertaken. The provisionof standard Police Blotter (blue) and Pink Blotter to be distributed toall our police stations is being pushed.In essence, the C,PNP's ultimate goal is to develop a new breed ofheroes, whose Serbisyong Makatotohanan is greatly felt andexperience by the community and the people it oath to serve andprotect. His strong message for our investigators and detectives isloudly and clearly – to work harder, to solve crimes and arrest morecriminals on the street; bring more success stories through the AFIS,DNA and IBIS Hits; continuously explore the potential ofComposite Sketch, and Digital Cyber Forensic Laboratories; andmore importantly, to present the true crime situation in theirrespective areas.With PDG PURISIMA at the helm, he will surely lead the PNP toa better perspective. To our investigators and detectives, theEditorial Board and Staff expects you to start the ball rolling being atthe forefront of the investigation service. May 2013 be the year ofmore investigative breakthroughs and significant feats in deliveringSerbisyong Makatotohanan to the community.

DETECTIVEThe5Oct.-Dec. 2012Volume 1Issue No. 4For this issue, the Editorial Board and Staff presents in series the DIDM's existence, understanding its role and the evolution of thePNP's Investigative Capability Program to enhance Crime Solution.Year-end Review: The PNP's Investigative Capability Programto Enhance Crime Solution EfficiencyLooking BackPart 1:In the past, a rape victim would report her ordeal tothe police station manned by an all-male staff who had nobasic training in handling such kind of sensitive case. It doesnot require any empirical study to come to a conclusion that alarge percentage of victims of such crimes would hesitate toreport such abuses to the police. If this scenario, which wasthe then standard procedure nationwide, hence, we can onlysecond guess how many crimes of passion would have beencommitted with impunity and how much bolder criminalswould then have become.This antiquated investigation scheme wasappropriately addressed by the Directorate for Investigationand Detective Management (DIDM) in the year 2002 by theestablishment of the Women and Children ConcernsDivision (WCCD) with the paramount objective ofprotecting and upholding the rights and dignity of womenand their children alongside with the improvement ofinvestigation management. The WCCD was furtherupgraded to Women and Children Protection Desks (WCPD)in 2007 and was institutionalized in all city and municipalstations nationwide.The foregoing presents a factual illustration of therole of the DIDM and its significance in providing direction,supervision, and enhancement of the investigation of crimes.The birthing of the DIDM took place in 1998. With thereorganization of the PNP by virtue of Republic Act 8551, theNAPOLCOM issued Resolution No. 97-032 entitled"Enhancing the Investigative Functions of the PNP throughthe Implementation of the Investigation and DetectiveManagement Program", aimed at enhancing theinvestigative powers and functions of the PNP to keep pacewith the growing complexities of crime incidence.DIDM was given the mission "To assist and advise theChief, PNP in the direction, control, coordination andsupervision of the investigation activities of the PNP". Likeany police agencies in the world, the PNP has two (2) basicfunctions, namely: crime prevention and crime solution.While the first is the concern of the PNP Directorates forOperation, Intelligence, Police Community Relations andothers, only that which pertains to crime solution falls underthe jurisdiction of DIDM.Too often, the DIDM, perhaps owing to the presence ofthe terms "investigation" and "detection" in its name, isconfused with the role of the Criminal Investigation andDetection Group which also bears the same words in its title.However, CIDG is the component of the PNP that monitors,investigates cases and conducts operations against notoriouswanted persons and organized crime groups. The DIDM onthe other hand provides for the direction and supervision ofthe investigation of crimes and other offenses.In line with the previously stated functions, the DIDMestablished the Investigation Capability EnhancementFramework, a three-pronged development program whichaims to modernize our investigative arsenal in three (3) majorareas, namely: human resource development;standardization of systems and procedures; anddevelopment of facilities and equipment. In short, in orderto fully realize its objectives and achieve its target, the DIDMis launching a more pro-active, result-oriented, andcommunity-inspired investigative and detective work whichwill be explained in the succeeding paragraphs.Presenting the National Crime EnvironmentIndispensable in our research and analysis are crimestatistics, determinants of crimes and cross-sectional data.Overview of the Crime SituationFigure 1. Total Crime VolumeFigure 2. TCV DistributionThe Total Crime Volume (TCV) for the period ofJanuary-December 2012 registered a total of 217,812incidents which is 9.99% lower when compared with theTCV in January-December 2011 which registered 241,988incidents. A total of 129,161 incidents or 59% are classifiedas index crimes while a total of 88,651 incidents or 41% areclassified as non-index crimes as shown in Figure 2.The index crime volume in January-December 2012totaled 129,161 incidents that is 16.14% lower whencompared with the index crime volume in January-December2011 which registered 154,012.

Oct.-Dec. 2012Volume 1Issue No. 46 DETECTIVETheSuch blunders in investigation cannot be tolerated,hence, the DIDM continuously strives to develop and updatethe PNP's investigative capability through human resourcedevelopment, systems and procedures design anddevelopment of facilities and equipment. Some of its notableplans and programs include: Reorganization of the DIDM andInvestigation Units/Offices; Visits on City and MunicipalPolice Stations (CPS/MPS) to validate their compliance withLOI 02/09 UCPER; Conduct of specialized investigationtraining in accordance with the existing investigation desks ofhighly urbanized police stations; Completion of the CriminalInvestigation Manual; Continuous revision of the FieldInvestigation Manual; and Memorandum Circular (MC) in thehandling and investigation of Investment Scam cases.Figure 3. Index Crimes from January-December2011 vs 2012Theft posted the highest record of 43,606 or33.76% followed by physical injury with 34,825 or 26.96%,robbery with 26,988 or 20.89%, murder with 8,484 of6.57%, carnapping with 6,919 or 5.36%, rape with 4,738 or3.67%, homicide with 3,022 or 2.34% and cattle rustlingwith 579 or 0.45%.Human Resource DevelopmentSo far, all of 7,264 investigators all over the countrywho had no formal training on investigation had alreadyreceived the needed training; hence, DIDM currently has100% trained investigators. In addition to this, we have trainedadditional 1,668 policemen who are projected to be assignedto investigation positions. The School for Investigation andDetective Development (SIDD) is conducting the followingregular courses:* For PCOs: Investigation Officers Basic Course(IOBC); and Case Management Officers Course (CMOC).* For PNCOs: Criminal Investigation Course (CIC);and Police Detective Course (PDC).Figure 4. Index Crimes DistributionNon-Index crime volume in January-December2012 totaled 88,651 incidents which is 0.77% higher whencompared with the Non-Index crime volume in January-December 2011 which was 87,976. The Crime ClearanceEfficiency (CCE) from January to December 2012registered 50.95% percent, which increased by 9.14% from41.81% in the same period of 2011.Crime Solution Efficiency increased by 7.80%from 28.87% in January – December 2011 to 36.67% in thesame period of 2012.E N H A N C E M E N T O F T H E P N P ' SINVESTIGATIVE CAPABILITY PROGRAMIn 2005, Cebu RTC Judge Martin Ocampo was founddead in his hotel room in Waterfront Hotel in Cebu. Therehad been doubts as to the angle of suicide because of thepresence of two sources of urines in the scene of the crimeand a fingerprint on his pen different from that of the victim's.A more thorough investigation revealed that the death wasindeed a case of suicide, and that the aberrations noted wereonly brought about by the lousy preservation of the crimeincident where two police investigators urinated in the roomwhile another used the subject pen.* Special Investigation Courses/Trainings may beoffered to address various investigative areas of concernswhere competency or expertise is lacking such as: Major CaseManagement, Women and Children Protection SpecializedCourse, Evidence Custodian, Fraud and Computer/CyberCrime investigation, Homicide and Murder Investigation,Theft and Robbery Investigation, Traffic AccidentInvestigation, among others.The impending implementation of the new procedurein the Rules of Court particularly the use of Judicial Affidavitson January 1, 2013 is another opportunity to further enhanceeffectiveness of crime solutions. To cite a concrete example,many cases for violation of the R.A. 9165 are dismissed due toinconsistent testimonies of policemen. The main reasonoffered is simple forgetfulness due to the lapse of time fromthe date when the incident happened to when the policementestify in court. Graft and corrupt practices cannot also bediscounted as a primary cause as when policemen woulddeliberately give inconsistent statements that inevitably resultin the dismissal of the case.Based on these observations, a project that will help inthe implementation of the Judicial Affidavit Rule is mostfitting which will redound not only to the upgrade of crimesolution but to all the pillars of the criminal justice system.Police officers can no longer offer forgetfulness as an excusefor inconsistent testimonies in court because the facts shall berecorded in the form judicially acceptable while the incident isstill fresh. Even the propensity to deliberately testify inconflicting manners can be curbed if not totally eliminated andmore importantly, the concerned police officers can be takento task for contradictory statements. A higher conviction rateis therefore expected to be generated.

DETECTIVEThe7Oct.-Dec. 2012Volume 1Issue No. 4Hence, the DIDM initiated a Seminar on JudicialAffidavit Rule on December 4, 2012 at the PNP Multi-Purpose Center in Camp Crame. It was attended by allChiefs, RIDMD, all Chiefs, DIDMD, ROs of CIDG, Chiefsof the Investigation section of the NSUs, and all investigatorsin NCRPO. The guest lecturer is no less than AssociateJustice Roberto A. Abad of the Supreme Court.Improvement and Standardization of Systems andProceduresInvestigative systems and procedures have also beenstandardized to coincide with legally accepted proceduresaimed at reducing the number of cases being dismissed due toinvestigative lapses. Three (3) investigative manuals havebeen published and a number of standard operatingprocedures have been issued and disseminated.Improvements in investigative equipment and infrastructurehave also been pursued.Procedures in the Investigation of Heinous andSensational Cases. The European Union (EU) experts underthe European Philippines Justice Support (EPJUST)Program in collaboration with this Directorate introduced aninnovation to review all TFUSIG Cases in CY 2011. TheReview Team's assessment report revealed inadequatelymanaged cases in some regions. Hence, some cases filed incourts were dismissed and in some instances, the suspectswere acquitted despite the evidence presented.As a result, a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)was approved by the Chief, PNP on June 28, 2012, intendedto place a system of procedures to review cases within thePNP's role of investigating crime incidents and enhancingthe role of Special Investigation Task Groups (SITGs) intaking the lead role in investigating heinous and sensationalcases and in ensuring that all investigative opportunities areexhausted, and will further be enhanced. As this new processis being implemented, the DIDM is now finalizing its PNPManual on Case Review, which is intended to be given to allCase Managers and Investigators in the field.Accounting of Wanted Persons. Pursuant to LOIManhunt Charlie (LOI 03/11) which was launched onNovember 22, 2011, the performance target for theaccounting of wanted persons/most wanted persons was setforth. Every police station was required to account for atleast 5% of the total wanted persons in their area everymonth. They were also directed to account for at least oneMost Wanted Person per District or Province, and one MostWanted Person for City or Municipal Police Office permonth. Shown below is the performance of the PoliceRegional Offices (PROs).The WCPCThru the WCPC, the Women and Children ProtectionDesks were institutionalized in all city/municipal policestations pursuant to Sec. 57, RA 8551 with a total of 1,868Women's Desk manned by 3,240 personnel nationwide. Atpresent, all PROs have completed the establishment of theirWCPDs in their respective Areas of Responsibility (AOR).As for the innovative systems and procedures, several SOPs,Guidelines, and Manuals were formulated.Infrastructure Development1. Upgraded facility and strong police stationsIn order to meet standards of scientific and efficientinvestigation, this Directorate has developed Child-Friendlyand Gender-Sensitive Rooms; Investigative Kits forInvestigators and First Responders Kit; and the newlyrenovated SIDD. It has been observed that the currentstructure of the different investigation offices/units.During the conduct of review on the organizational setup of the investigation section of the different classes ofmunicipalities, (as instructed by then TCDS and now C, PNPPDG Purisima) reveals the need for redesigning of offices anda change in the organizational set up and manning structure ofthe investigation section of the police stations nationwide.In response to the growing complexities on how crimesare committed and advancement in technology, which is alsobeing capitalized by criminals, the police organization mustbe dynamic in order to address different scenarios. Thereorganization of our frontline investigative sections is a mustin order to keep abreast with the present situation. There is aneed to adopt new scientific approach in the conduct ofinvestigation coupled with the use of modern technology toefficiently process the evidence collected, preserve and storethe same. Further, the case tracking, recording of incident,retrieval of crime data and its utilization for planning shouldbe done with the aid of information and communicationtechnology (ICT). It adopted sections such as: Crimes AgainstPersons Desk; Crime against Property Desk; Fraud, Economicand Cyber Crimes Desk; Women and Children Desk &Human Rights and General Investigation Desk, TrafficAccident Investigation Desk, Crime Registry Desk which areoriginally set forth in the standardized functional set up forPNP Investigation and Detective Management Offices ascited in MC No. 2005-010.In capsule, City Police Offices/Stations and Class "A"municipalities shall be manned by 42 personnel while Class"B" and "C" Municipal Police Offices will have a complementof 26 personnel. The personnel fill up of the created deskshould be given priority.2. Scientific Investigation Facilities and EquipmentThe application of forensic science and digitalinvestigation cannot be overemphasized. From testimonybasedevidence strategy to scientific-based evidence, higherconviction rates are expected. Hence, the standardization andfull implementation of scientific tools such as AFIS, IBIS,DNA, Facial Composite Sketch, and Digital Cyber ForensicLaboratories among others shall be undertaken aggressively.UPDATES ON e- PROJECTSE-crime fighting tools serve as very effective crimeprevention strategies for strategic managers for them to havean easy and intelligent way of mapping out anti-criminalityplans and programs.The Crime Incident Reporting System (CIRS/e-Blotter) is designed as a stand-alone system, installed in allpolice stations as a means of reporting and monitoring allcrime incidents that transpired within their respective areas aswell as the results and records of the investigation.

Oct.-Dec. 2012Volume 1Issue No. 48DETECTIVEThe... Perspective from our foreign counterparts...The Development of AFIS 2 Projectbased on the PNP’s STRATEGIC FOCUS - “CODE-P”By: CSUPT TAKIHIKO IIRIAdvisor to C,PNPJapan International Cooperation AgencyCSUPT TAKIHIKO IIRI discussing the AFIS 2 Project to then NCRPO Director and now C,PNP,PDG ALAN LM PURISIMA.PDG ALAN LA MADRID PURISIMA, the new Chief,PNP, has issued “the PNP Strategic Focus” or “CODE-P”. Itis the specific action plan of the PNP reform in 2013 andbeyond as the process to realize the PNP P.A.T.R.O.L. Plan2013 in a long run.With regard to the Project on Enhancing the Capacity forApplication and Collection of Fingerprints(AFIS2 Project)extended by the PNP & JICA, it clearly says, “Theoptimization of scientific and digital tools for investigationsuch as AFIS ----- shall be fully instituted in all PROs. Thiswill ensure that results taken from “Hits-match” shall be ofutmost importance for the solution of crimes and arrest ofcriminals.” Of course, it means how valuable the AutomatedFingerprint Identification System(AFIS)is as a scientifictool, and the AFIS 2 Project is one of the priorities in theaction plan. However, in order to optimize the AFIS, it isindispensable to remarkably increase the number offingerprints(FPs) registered into the database, and it can berealized only by human beings, i.e. the field investigatorsincluding SOCO of Crime Laboratory(CL), who lift orcollect FPs at crime scenes.As such, it is not an easy job to maximize the utilizationof the system. However, we can recognize that it's never the“mission impossible” if you review the recent outcome of theNCR Model activities.The “NCR Model activities” is the core pilot activities ofAFIS 2 Project which has launched by the NCRPO headed byPDG PURISIMA, the then-RD, NCRPO under the guidance& support of the DIDM and the CL.The activities are stillongoing under the leadership of Police Director ESPINA, thepresent RD, and, in recent times, we can observe someremarkable development in a series of statistics.How is the NCRPO getting success in the ModelActivities ? As a matter of fact, in the new action plan, there aremany clues tofind the background of recent development. Let'soverview it!“My IP is the Key.---- Knowing the job and doing it wellwith passion each day shall be the primary concern of eachPNP personnel.----”This message indicates how important the IP (IndividualPerformance) of each PNP personnel is for the PNP's success,and it is really essential for development of AFIS 2 Project also.That is to say, there are many PNP personnel involving in theprocess of investigation with AFIS utilization. The data are FPsthat passed through many personnel before& after AFIS inquiryby AFIS operators to get the “hits-match” information. And, thepoint is that the work flow is in a “series connection” and,therefore, the AFIS cannot be optimized without goodperformance of each player. Please just imagine, for example, iffirst responders or field investigators would not process crimescenes? If FP examiners happen to mistakenly eliminatequalifiable LPs? And if personnel of HQ-CLO failed tocommunicate“hits-match”information to field investigationunits immediately or timely?Thus, we can easily understand that his/her IP is really theKey in AFIS 2 project! With this in mind, the NCR Modelactivities are focusing upon all players in each process equally intrainings as well as after-care activities such as monitoring fieldactivities and fair performance-oriented commendation.And we have to focus upon the phrase:“with passion” and“each day”. In any case, it is a “piece of cake” to do somethingonly once. However, it is not easy to continue it every day. Thus,“sustainable” IP is the Key! In order to keep sustainability,every individual involve in each phase must understand theposition of their own mission in the whole AFIS-related workflow,andrecognize clearly that their own jobs are indispensable

DETECTIVEThe9Oct.-Dec. 2012Volume 1Issue No. 4to reach the goal. In the Model activities, monitoringactivities are being implemented continuously: periodiccheck of statistics on FPs submission as well as itsdissemination to stakeholders for inspiring their competitivemind, random/spot visit to field offices and crime scenes forchecking the actual field practice and showing priority tofield personnel, and so forth.Moreover, one of the main backgrounds of the success inthe model activities must be the announcement that LPscollection in crime scenes is not only the job of the SOCO, CLbut also of field investigators. In the past, field investigatorsbelieved that it is only the job of the SOCO. So, it is a sort of“paradigm shift”. Realigning/streamlining of units/officeswill promote appropriate job distribution between SOCO andinvestigation units as well as consciousness of both as“investigators” in a broad sense. It is expected that mutualunderstanding and cooperation between them will be of greathelp to maximize the outcome of FP collection in crimescenes. Anyway, the deserving investigators who know theirjobs will definitely conduct crime scene investigationincluding fingerprint collection. Again, “My IP is the Key.”.“----Realigning and streamlining of units and officesis a major move in intensifying efforts to achieve a moreefficient, more capable and more effective police service.”The realigning and streamlining of units and offices willbe understood as the total organizational reforms of the PNP.However, even from the viewpoint of AFIS 2 Project, wecannot forget its significance which can allow theemployment and deployment of more uniformed personnel inthe field. In the NCRPO, the eventual increase of fieldinvestigators made it possible to start Team InvestigationSystem as pilot mission in each police station. The fieldinvestigators used to process crime scenes alone but now theyare coming to crime scenes together with colleagues so thatfield investigators can keep effective role-playing within theteam and can concentrate on each investigative role includingthe new mission: LPs collection at crime scenes.“----the police Officer must be professionalcompetent, disciplined, and an excellent public servant.As such, he/she must perform his/her tasks that will earnthe admiration, respect and cooperation of thecommunity.---positive evaluation from them. With regard to AFIS 2 Project,LPs collection is one of the most essential things to do in crimescenes.Of course, it serves as direct way of effective crime solution,but, at the same time, it will work as conduit for cultivatingmutual understanding & cooperation between citizens and thepolice. Please just imagine if a crime victim saw an investigatordesperately finding invisible LPs as absolute proof. Suchperformance is a sort of expression of sincerity to the victims andstrong will for the case solution. His/her performance would bepositively inscribed on the mind of victims.The action plan said, “---upgrading and enhancing thecompetence (knowledge, Skills and Attitude) of the police---shall be a continuous process before they pursue their own fieldof expertise”Here.“Attitude” is mentioned as one of the factors of thecompetence. But it is also essential even for earning theadmiration, respect and cooperation of citizens.Again, imagine that you are wearing gloves for avoidingcontamination on arriving crime scenes. The victims or citizenswho saw you at the crime scene will find difference from thepast. They will probably change his/her view on policeinvestigation positively, and may even follow your practice ofwearing gloves or become careful to avoid touching the crimescene, which is definitely the expression of cooperation forinvestigation by the victims. Simply put, steady performancewill work well in various manner to show our professionalism tothe public. Now donation of gloves is part of JICA's assistanceactivities to encourage field investigators / first responders tokeep a steady performance.Now, have you got any hints on what to do now with theChief PNP ‘s Strategic Focus-”CODE-P”?We would be glad if you could understand that the AFIS 2Project under JICA Program has contributed, and will contributemore, to the PNP's development as “pilot activities”of the newStrategic Focus.In investigative activities, we often show ourperformance to citizens. Especially crime scenes area sort ofstage to show it. In other words, performance of investigatorsare observed by victims / citizens in crime scenes. Thereforeit is vital to show the best performance at crime scenes to gainAwarding of Individual and Unit Awardees in the AFIS 2 PROJECT in NCRPO with then RD, NCRPOand now Chief, PNP, PDG ALAN LM PURISIMA and JICA TEAM Experts.

Oct.-Dec. 2012Volume 1Issue No. 410 DETECTIVETheYear-end Review.....from page 1While the traditional blotter has been a recognizable symbol of police authority, the e-blotter on the other hand, presentsaccuracy in crime data documentation, reliability in storage for quick reference, and hassle-free transmission of data to the endrecipient of all police reports at the PNP. This new system is a cost-free project since the software is being developed locally bythe programmers of the PNP ITMS and DICTM, which shall be installed in the desktop computer of every police station andunit.Figure 5. Status of Implementation of the e-BlotterThe e-WARRANT is an electronic database of warrants of arrest issued by the different courts nationwide which havebeen forwarded to the PNP. This will help our investigators to easily search, view, and retrieve information of persons withoutstanding warrants of arrest and those with previous arrest orders. The e-warrant is a web-based online database for thewarrants of arrest received by the PNP from the different police stations. As of December 31, 2012, the highest efficiency rateof served warrants of arrest is 25.98% registered by PRO 1.SUMMARY OF WARRANTS AND SERVICE EFFICIENCYJanuary 1 - December 31, 2012Figure 6. Status of Implementation of the e-Warrant SystemThe e-ROGUE is an electronic database of pictures, photographs, and facial composites of criminals and suspects thatcan be easily searched, viewed, and retrieved for ready identification by the complainant. This project is a web-based databasefor the Mug shots and other related data regarding arrested persons and wanted persons with pictures, which can bedownloaded through http://www.erogue.pnpapps.net

Oct.-Dec. 2012Volume 1Issue No. 412 DETECTIVETheThe following may be the reasons for the risingincidents of crimes perpetrated by motorcycle-ridingsuspects:* A motorcycle is highly maneuverable and caneasily move out from the crime scene. It can penetrateeverywhere even in heavy traffic and could even changedirection easily as needed. Motorcycles after thecommission of the crime can be loaded in a closed vanto avoid detection and eventually delude the pursuinglaw enforcers.There is a need to develop and implement newstrategies to address the problems of the rise of crimesinvolving the use of firearms, as well as the incidentsinvolving motorcycle riding suspects.Funding of Investigative WorkIt is noteworthy to emphasize that the presentbudgeting system of the PNP does not specifically allotfor investigative work as compared to police operationsand intelligence. The following is the breakdown ofexpenses per activity in the field of investigation:* The rider's identity is concealed because of hishelmet and other protective gears. As such, at the outset,he is dressed as a normal rider and cannot be suspectedof having criminal motives. This situation provides afeeling of security to the perpetuator; that he can getaway from the crime very easily.* Logistically speaking, the use of motorcycles ischeaper as compared to other vehicles such as cars.There is a strong possibility that most of themotorcycles used in crimes are stolen. Motorcyclelosses account the highest in carnapping incidentsnationwide.* It is easy to dispose of.Crimes Involving the Use of FirearmsConclusionAlthough confident of its performance, the DIDMis confronted with certain realities that continuouslyimpede the enhancement of our investigative capabilitysuch as the inadequate number of PNP personneloccupying investigative positions nationwide. Of the148,000 PNP personnel, only 12,158 or about 8.21% ofthe total PNP strength are assigned in investigativeoffices/units. We aim to raise this to 32,242 investigatorsor to the level of at least 30%.Figure 9. Crimes involving the Use of FirearmsAs for crimes involving the use of firearms, statisticsgathered by this Directorate show that from 2007 to 2012,covering the months of January to December, crimescommitted with the use of firearms have increasedconsiderably. From the total number of 5,228 crime incidentsinvolving the use of firearms recorded in 2007, the figurerose by 76.32% in 2011.Research and studies are implying that gunculture is deeply embedded in some areas of thecountry. Gun is the most convenient tool that couldprotect people from lawless elements. To have a gun is astatus symbol—of having a macho image and power.Further studies indicated that sources of gun crime inthe Philippines are by and large politically motivated,criminality-related, and group conflict-driven.So too, of the 1,330 Crime lab personnel, only 749or about 56.3% have the technical capability, forensicexpertise, and investigative know-how. Crime Labpersonnel should possess the capability and expertise toensure competence and credibility for an improved crimesolution efficiency; hence, more staff should be hired andtrained.The CIDG likewise has a very dismal number ofqualified investigators. Out of their total strength of1,234 personnel, there are only 507 or about 41% withformal investigative schooling.Simply put, to fully realize the objectives of theDIDM and achieve its target accomplishments vis-à-visthe Chief PNP's Strategic Focus, CODE-P, indispensablesupport and the much needed resources is of vitalimportance to solve more crimes and arrest morecriminals.

DETECTIVEThe13Oct.-Dec. 2012Volume 1Issue No. 4The "Benjamin Bayles" CaseBy PO3 Christian Nolan G LuzonAt this present time where it canbe said that the PNP still lacks enoughinvestigative capabilities to fullyaddress the innovating criminalitiesin our society, participation of willingeyewitnesses play a vital role in thesuccessful investigation/prosecutionof a case.With the prompt response andproper handling of the case by TaskForce USIG investigators, this wasagain proven in the case of BenjaminStropa BAYLES aka "Benjie", 43years old, single and ar e s i d e n t o f B r g yB u e n a v i s t a ,Himamaylan, NegrosOccidental, who waskilled on June 14, 2010,at about 4:30 PM atCrossing Antolo, BrgySuay, Bacolod City,Negros Occidental bytwo (2) riding-inta n d e m o n amotorcycle. Bayleswas a member of theactivist group Bayan Muna-Himamaylan City Chapter, ahuman rights group that is connectedwith the September 21 Movementunder the Karapatan human rightorganization, organizer of theNational Federation of SugarWorkers (NFSW) and a churchworker/member of the IglesiaFilipina Independiente-Diocese ofNegros Occidental.Bayles and one John ReyMayungue were then waiting for aride and walking towards a nearbywaiting shed when two (2) menwearing helmets on board a blackHonda TMX motorycle with nolicense plate stopped near them.Approximately three (3) meters awayfrom them, the back rider of the saidmotorcycle pulled out a handgun andshot Bayles on different parts of hisbody while Mayungue was able to ranfor his life. When Bayles fell on theground, the driver of the motorcyclealso came near him and shot him.After the shooting incident, thesuspects hurriedly left the areaheading towards Kabankalan Citywhile Bayles was rushed bybystanders to the Valeriano GatuslaoDistrict Hospital where he waspronounced dead-on-arrival. Two (2)fired cartridges for caliber .45 pistolwere recovered at the crime scene.Immediately after the suspectsgot off the crime scene, an eyewitnessimmediately reported the matter tothe Himamaylan City Police Station(CPS) who also alerted the nearbyKabankalan CPS for possibleapprehension of the perpetrators.At about 5:25 PM of the samedate, Police Officers 1 Alvin Alviorand Arnold Tadiaque of theK a b a n k a l a n C P S s p o t t e d amotorcycle with riders resemblingwith the description of the suspectsnegotiating the circumferential roadheading to the south direction andtraveling fast towards KCPA Village,Brgy 1, Kabankalan City. After acontinuous chase, the lawmen wereable to stop the riders. Sensingdanger, after identifying themselvesas police officers, they ordered theduo to drop on the ground. Duringthe search, two (2) caliber .45 pistolwere recovered from them. Theyintroduced themselves as RonnieCaurino who was in possession of anInternational STI caliber .45 pistolbearing serial number 129528 withone (1) empty magazine, and RogerBajon who was caught in possessionof a Colt Defender caliber .45 pistolbearing serial number 195879 withone (1) magazine containing two (2)live ammunitions. After properrecording, the suspects, together withthe seized pieces of evidence, wereimmediately turned-over to theHimamaylan CPS. They werepossibly identified by witnesses as thesame persons who shot Bayles.On June 18, 2010, a case ofMurder was referred by theHimamaylan CPS against RogerMareza Bajon and Ronnie LizadaCaurino before the Himamaylan CityProsecutor's Office docketed under ISNo. VI-09-INQ-10F-00016.On July 2, 2010, City ProsecutorJena Esther Agustin issueda Resolution findingprobable cause against thes u s p e c t s a n drecommended the filing ofInformation for Murderagainst the duo with NoBail Recommended.Finally, on July 5,2010, Information forMurder was filed againstthe suspects before theR T C B r a n c h 5 5 ,Himamaylan City, Negros Occidentaldocketed under CC No. 2474. OnSeptember 15, 2010, in compliance tothe Commitment Order of HonorableNilo Sarsaba, Executive Judge ofRTC Branch 55, Caurino and Bajonwere committed to the Bureau of JailManagement and Penology inHimamaylan City.On October 9, 2010, based onthe information that the suspects wereallegedly members of their unit, thePhilippine Army issued an officialPress Release admitting that Bajon,whose real name is Private FirstClass (PFC) Rafael Cordova, andCaurino whose real name is PFCReygine Laus, are indeed membersstof the Philippine Army's 61 InfantryrdBattalion (IB), 3 Infantry Divisionbased in Negros. Accordingly, the two(2) soldiers acted on their own andused their aliases to cover their trueidentities.At present, the trial of the case isstill ongoing at the RTC Branch 55while the two (2) soldiers remain indetention.

Oct.-Dec. 2012Volume 1 14DETECTIVEIssue No. 4The Investigator at a Glance - PNP’s creme’-de-la creme’The PNP investigators and detectives are challenged daily in the performance oftheir duties; they face each challenge freely and unselfishly while answering the callto duty. In certain instances, their actions warrant special attention from theirrespective units and offices. Hence, The Detective also wants to recognize thosesituations that transcend the normal rigors of the investigators profession. Featuredon this fourth issue is an Army Officer, a product of the Crime Scene Initial ResponseOrientation Course (CSIROC) conducted by SIDD.TheSgt Jaravelo: The First CSIROC “hero”He said it was God's plan forhim to be part of thePhilippine Army.SGT JOERGE CHAVEZ JARAVELO821532 PA was a BS Marine Engineeringgraduate from the AIFCP in Davao City.He hailed from Valladolid town of NegrosOccidental, now with four (4) children, allof whom are studying in the primaryyears.Just last December 2012, he graduatedfrom the first cascading class of the CrimeScene Initial Response OrientationCourse or CSIROC. This course is a JointTraining Program between the AFP andthe PNP under the auspices of the JointPeace and Security Coordinating Center(JPSCC) supported by the Office of theExecutive Secretary through the Anit-Terrorism Council – PhilippineManagement Center (ATC-PMC) incoordination with the Philippine Centeron Transnational Criime (PCTC). Theactual conduct of this training is tasked toboth the AFP Education and Training (J8)and to the PNP Directorate forInvestigation and Detective Management(DIDM) through the School forInvestigation and Detective Development(SIDD).The CSIROC Pilot Class was heldearlier in November 2012, fielding 30PCOs from the PNP and 20 enlistedpersonnel and officers from the AFP, allintended to serve as resource lecturersonce the training is cascaded through theidentified 10 Infantry Divisions of thePhilippine Army, the first of which is theclass where SGT JARAVELO belongedto, held in Dumaguete City fromDecember 6 to 18, 2012. This classpioneered the nominalism of a class,naming it as “Bersatu Class of CSIROC,”which is an old Malay word for“Bayanihan” in Filipino.“Being in the army is a gift from Godwhich I must nourish and cultivate intofruition” said SGT JARAVELO. Indeed,he took into his heart the deeply rootedmeaning of Bersatu coupled with all hislearning experiences from CSIROCwhen, just a day after graduation, hepractically applied his newly learntknowledge and skills in responding to acrime scene in their neighborhood at Zone4, Barangay Central, Tabao, Valladolid,Negros Occidental.According to Valladolid Police StationBlotter Entry 5226, when the youngLyndyl Mananquil went home fromschool, she noticed that their house wasforced opened and was ransacked by athief.Upon learning of the incident, SGTJARAVELO immediately went to hisneighbor's home, instructed his wife, MrsIrish Jaravelo, to accompany the girl toreport to the nearby police station. Atonce, he secured the place, requesting theother neighbors present at the scene not toallow anyone or even their pets to enter thehouse while he meticulously marks whathe think could be pieces of evidence. Hetook note of what were missing andcarefully did not touch the door knob andother surfaces where fingerprints of thesuspect might be imprinted. Further, hewas able to get statements from two (2)possible witnesses when the incidenthappened.When the police investigating teamarrived, SGT JARAVELO properly turnedover the preserved and secured crimescene – quite a spectacle for theI n v e s t i g a t o r - o n - c a s e , P O 3Manguilimotan, who qualified what hesaid as a “proper work done by a FirstResponder.”Within just 45 minutes after the crimescene turn-over, the perpetrator wasarrested and confirmed to be the realsuspect by his own confession, and as bothobject and testimonial evidence point to.The incident may be a simple crimeagainst properties but the fact that an armyseargent fresh from undertaking theCSIROC practically applied his newlyingrained competency and professionallyperformed a First Responder's task, whichlead to the immediate arrest of the villain.This feat performed by an enlistedpersonnel of the Philippine Armysynthesizes the general objectives andrepresents the expected outcome of theCSIROC. Just imagine the greatcontribution of CSIROC to the wholenation once this Joint Training Programhas been fully cascaded across all theInfantry Divisions of the Philippine Army.We will have a multiplied law enforcementforce that will lead to strengthenednational security, finally achieving a safercountry to live, work and play.Thus, SGT JARAVELO is the firstsymbolic hero of CSIROC. Our countryneeds a multitude of SGT JARAVELO tohelp thwart criminal acts by being the FirstResponders who form a significant part ofa successful investigation process. In thismanner, may SGT JARAVELO serves asan inspiration to all Police Officers tobecome professional and competent policeinvestigators.Perhaps, it is God's plan that the PNP isre-inforcing and strengthening itsinvestigation force.Nominations for the Investigator at a Glance should be based on the nature of the case handled, successful arrest of suspect/s that led tothe eventual filing of a case and diligent display of dedication as investigator. Submissions should include a short write-up (maximum of 250words), a separate photograph of each nominee, and a letter from their respective COPs, PIDMBs, CIDMBs, RIDMDs and Investigation Units fromNSUs endorsing the nomination. Submissions should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief, The Detective, DIDM Roof deck, NHQ Bldg., Camp Crame,Quezon City or call Tel. Nos. (02) 7230401 local 3580, (02) 7224091 or email us at: thedetective_didm@yahoo.com, didm_rad@yahoo.com or visitthe official website of didm at: http://didm.pnp.gov.ph.

TRIVIATHEFTncient India (penalty =trampling by elephant)AThe laws of Manurecommended that "the kingshould have any thieves caughtin connection with thedisappearance (of property)executed (trampled to death) byan elephant."odern United States(penalty = work serviceMand a fine)A man was caught smugglinglobsters out of a Marine Conservation Area in California forthe fourth time; he was cited after wardens noticed "oddbulges" in his pants. He was sentenced to 13 days of service,a 3-year suspension of all fishing and a $500 fine.TREASONncient Egypt (penalty = execution and erasure)After Pharaoh Teti was assassinated by his bodyguards,Athey were executed. The noses and feet of their mortuarystatues were hacked off and their inscriptions were erased toensure them being lost and crippledin the afterlife.oaching (The illegal acquisitionPof wild animals)source: eLocal Lawyershttp://www.skygaze.com/content/facts/crime.shtmlDETECTIVETheTRIVIADid you know that…* In Alaska, it is legal to shootbears. However, waking a sleepingbear for the purpose of taking aphotograph is prohibited.* The average criminal sentencelength is 137 years in Colombia.* In ancient Egypt, killing a catwas a crime punishable by death.* Duelling is legal in Paraguay aslong as both parties are registeredblood donors.15Oct.-Dec. 2012TRIVIAVolume 1Issue No. 4Crimes through Time and the Punishments that came with themWeird Facts about Crime and Law around the World* If a surgeon in Ancient Egypt lost a patient while performingan operation, his hands were cut off.* Donald Duck comics were once banned from Finland becauseDonald doesn't wear pants.* It is a criminal offence todrive around in a dirty carin Russia.Source: Stunningstuff.comCrime and Lawhttp://www.stunningstuff.com/list-funnyfacts/1.htmlThe origin of Crime mapping datesback to as early as the 18th century.Geographer Borden Dent, in his article,"Brief History of Crime Mapping", tracesthe origin of the mapping of crime toFrance, where in 1829 Adriano Balbi andAndré Michel Guerry created maps thatshowed the relationship between violentand property crimes and educational levels.In 1849, Joseph Fletcher createdmaps that showed the rate of maleincarceration for serious property andviolent crimes across counties in Englandand Wales, and in 1861, Henry Mayhewpresented a number of maps displaying theEnglish and Welsh county rates for a varietyof crimes: rape, assault, bigamy, andabduction, among others. These early mapsare examples of choropleth maps—that is,maps that display quantities of things inareas.Prior to the widespread use of desktopcomputers, the few police departments whodid crime mapping relied on primitivetechniques such as sticking thousands ofpins into large maps attached to the wall. Inhis essay "Geographic InformationSystems and Crime Analysis in BaltimoreCounty, Maryland," Philip Canterdescribes the county's pin-mapping effortsas requiring twelve maps and 70 square feetof wall to cover the entire area of thejurisdiction. While these maps werereasonably good for detecting clusters ofcriminal activity, they did not permit moresophisticated analyses that incorporatedother, non-geographic factors, such asmodus operandi or time of offense.Even with the advent of computers,generating a crime map was no small feat, asgeographer and criminologist Keith Harrieshas noted in Mapping Crime: Principle andPractice. Mapping with gigantic mainframecomputers was still extremely laborintensive.Such labor intensiveness meant thatfew police departments could afford toproduce computerized crime maps. It wasn'tpossible for most agencies to afford crimemapping until desktop computers becamewidely available in the mid-1980s to early1990s and microprocessor speed increased.Why is there a need for it? --Mapsoffer crime analysts graphic representationsof crime-related issues. An understanding ofwhere and why crimes occur can improveattempts to fight crime. Mapping crime canhelp police protect citizens more effectively.Simple maps that display the locationswhere crimes or concentrations of crimeshave occurred can be used to help directpatrols to places they are most needed.Sources: The History of Crime Mapping and Its Useby American Police Departments by SharonChamard(http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/forum/23/3fall2006/a_crimemapping.html)Crime Mapping and Analysis Using GIS by C.P.JOHNSONGeomatics Group, C-DAC, Pune University Campus,Pune 411007 johnson@cdac.ernet.in

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