COMMUNICABLE DISEASE QUICK REFERENCE CHART

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE QUICK REFERENCE CHARTDiseaseChicken Pox(PrimaryInfection ofVaricella ZosterVirus)Conjunctivitis(Pink Eye)Fifth Disease(HungarianMeasles,ErythemaInfectiosium,ParvoVirus B19)Giardia(Protozoan)Mode ofTransmissionPerson toperson bydirect contact,droplet, orairbornespread ofsecretions oftherespiratorytractContact withconjunctivaldischarge orupperrespitorysecretionsPrimarilythroughcontact withinfectedrespiratorysecretionsPerson toperson byhand tomouthtransfer oforganismsfrom feces ofinfectedindividualIncubationPeriod2-3 weeks,average of10-21 daysPeriod ofCommuni-CabilityAs long as 5days prior torash and notmore than 5days after firstcrop oflesionsappear.Average 1-3days beforerash12-72 hours During courseof infection4-20 days Exactdurationunknown,greatestbefore rashonset,probably notinfectiousafter rashonset5-25 days orlonger,average 7-10daysEntire periodof infection;12-14 monthsSigns andSymptomsSudden onset ofslight fever withcharacteristiclesions whichappear insuccessive crops,more abundantlyon covered trunk,face, scalp thanexposed bodypartsRedness andirritation of eyes,sensitivity of eyesto light, dischargeMild, nonfebrilerash occurringinthree phases;striking erythemaof the face(slapped-cheekappearance)spreads to trunkof the body andextremities;disappears andreappears for 1 to3 weeks; mayappear afterexposure to sunor heat (e.g.bathing); lacyappearanceChronic diarrhea,abdominalcramps, bloating,frequent looseand greasy stools,fatigue, weightlossExclude UntilAt least 5 daysafter onset of firstcrop of vesicles oruntil all vesiclesbecome dry; 5-7days.Caution: Ifpregnant & notimmuneUnder medicalcare and drainagefrom eyes hasclearedFever and signs ofillness other thanrash are no longerpresentNote: Rule outRubella, Rubeolaand Scarlet Fever;If pregnant andexposed, checkwith your doctorDuring acuteinfection and untilcompleting acourse of therapyand no longerhave diarrhea- 1 -

DiseaseHepatitis A(HAV)For moreinformationabout HepatitisA, pleasecontact yourlocal healthdepartment ormedicalprofessional.HIV/AIDSHuman ImmunodeficiencyVirus/AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndromeFor moreinformationaboutHIV/AIDS,please contactyour localhealthdepartment ormedicalprofessional.Mode ofTransmissionPerson-toperson byputtingsomething inthe mouththat has beencontaminatedwith the stoolof a personwith HAV, forexample, foodor water. Thistype oftransmissionis called“fecal-oral.”Direct contactthroughblood, saliva,semen, andvaginal fluidsvia breaks inthe skin ormucousmembranes,by sexualcontact,needlesharing orperinatalexposureIncubationPeriod15 – 50 days,average is 28daysVariable. Theonly way toconfirm HIVinfection isthrough ablood test.Many peoplewho areinfected withHIV do nothave anysymptoms atall for manyyears.Period ofCommuni-CabilityPersons withactive HAVhave thepotential tospread thedisease for aslong as theyare activelyinfected.The onlymethod todetermineinfection ofHAV is with ablood test.HIV is thevirus thatcauses AIDS;at this timethere is nocure for AIDSand anyoneinfected withHIV will havethe potentialto spread thevirus.Signs andSymptomsSymptoms mayinclude any or allof the following:jaundice; fever;loss of appetite;fatigue; darkurine; joint pain;abdominal pain;diarrhea; nausea;and vomiting. Allof these symptomscan also be related toother illnesses. Theonly way todetermine if HepatitisA is present is with ablood test.The following maybe warning signsof HIV infection:Rapid weight loss:dry cough;recurring fever orprofuse nightsweats; profoundand unexplainedfatigue; swollenlymph glands inthe armpits, groinor neck; diarrheathat lasts for morethan a week;white spots orunusualblemishes on thetongue, in themonth, or in thethroat;pneumonia; red,brown, pink, orpurplish blotcheson or under theskin or inside themouth, nose oreyelids; memoryloss, depression,or otherneurologicaldisorders. All ofthese symptoms canalso be related toother illnesses. Theonly way todetermine if the HIVinfection is presentis with a blood test.Exclude UntilHAV is a seriousliver disease.There is nottreatment for HAV.There is nochronic (longterm)infection.Once you haveHAV, you cannotget it again.Once infected withthe HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus, itis possible tospread the virusvia blood, saliva,semen, andvaginal fluids. HIVcannot survivelong outside ahuman body and itCANNOT bespread by casualcontact, such ascoughing,sneezing,hugging, orsharing a glass. .- 2 -

DiseaseMode ofTransmissionIncubationPeriodImpetigo Direct contact Variable, 4-10days averageInfluenzaMeasles(Rubeola, hardmeasles)MeningitisMeningococcalMeningitis-ViralMononucleosisinfectiousAirborne,direct contactwithrespiratorydropletsAirborne byrespiratorydroplets anddirect contactwith nasaland throatsecretions(highlycontagious)Direct contactwithrespiratorydroplets fromnose andthroatDepends onparticularvirusPerson topersonorapharyngeal route, viasalivaPeriod ofCommuni-CabilityWhile soresare draining1-5 days Probably 3-5days fromonset inadults, up to 7days in youngchildrenAbout 10days, varyingfrom 7-18days fromexposure toonset offever, usually14 days untilrash appears2-10 days,average 3-4daysDepends onparticularvirusBeginning ofcoldsymptomsuntil 4 daysafterappearanceof rashThroughoutinfection untilbacteria areno longerpresent;patient maybe no morecommunicable thanasymptomaticindividualsDepends onparticularvirus4-6 weeks Prolonged;pharyngealexcretionsmay persistfor 1 year ormore afterinfectionSigns andSymptomsClusters ofblisters andpustules whichlater break,become crustedand release astraw colored fluidFever, headache,muscle aches,sore throat andcough (25% ofschool agechildren may havenausea, vomitingand diarrhea)Red, flat, blotchyrash on face andneck, then to restof body with fever,cough, wateryeyes, sensitivity tolight; pinpointsized blue-whiteswellings (Koplikspots) may beseen in the mouthSudden onset offever, intenseheadache,nausea, vomiting,stiff neck andfrequently a rashUsually a suddenonset of febrileillness withheadaches, visualchanges, andchanges in mentalstatus; dependingon cause a rashmay also occurFever, sore throatand enlargedlymph glandsExclude UntilUnder medicalcare and lesionsare healing and nonew lesionsappearSymptomssubside5 th day after onsetof rashExclude untilphysicianapproves returnUnder medial careand physician hasgiven permissionto return- 3 -

DiseaseMumpsPediculosis(Head Lice)PinwormsRingworm(Tinea copitis)RoseolaRubella(GermanMeasles)SalmonellaMode ofTransmissionDropletspread orcontact withsalivaDirect contactwith infestedperson orcontaminatedpersonalbelongingsPerson toperson byfecal-oralroute;indirectlythroughcontaminatedfood, clothing,bedding, etc.Direct skin toskin contactor contactwithcontaminateditemsSourceunknown,common inchildren ages6 months to 3years of agePerson topersoncontact,droplet ornasopharyngeal route(highlycontagious)Contaminatedfood andfecal-oralfrom personto personIncubationPeriod12-25 days,average 18daysEggs hatch in7 days,maturityreached 8-10days afterhatchingPeriod ofCommuni-CabilityMay be aslong as 6-7days beforeswelling andas long as 9days afterUntil lice andviable eggsare destroyed2-6 weeks As long aseggs arebeing laid onperional skin10-14 days As long asactive lesionsare presentAbout 10days14-23 days,average is16-18 days6-72 hours,usually 12-36hoursGreatestduring febrileand viremicphase ofillness1 week beforeand 4 daysafter onset ofrashDuring acuteinfection anduntil organismno longer infeces, usuallyseveralweeksSigns andSymptomsFever, painful andtender swelling ofglands in front ofand below the earAppearance oflice and/or nits inthe hair,commonly at napeof neck and/orbehind the ears;nits are fastenedfirmly to the hairItching in analarea, disturbedsleep, irritabilityand local irritationdue to scratchingReddened scalinglesions andbroken hair; flatring-shapedlesions, withoutside usuallyreddish and pusfilled, while theskin on the insidetends to retainnormalcySudden high feverlasting 3-5 days,maculapapularrash starts ontrunk after fever,rash fades rapidly,common in springRash (red, flatand/or raised)low-grade fever,headache,possible swellingin back of neckand behind earsGI illness withnausea, vomiting,diarrhea and/orabdominal pain,fever almostalways presentExclude Until9 days after onsetof swellingTreated and nitfreeUnder medicalcareUnder medicalcare- while undertreatment, infectedchildren should beexcluded fromgymnasiums,swimming poolsand activities likelyto lead toexposure of othersAfebrile5 th day after onsetof rashExclude untilsymptoms aregone; excludefrom certainactivities based onHD recommendations- 4 -

DiseaseScabiesScarlet FeverShigellaStreptococcalSore ThroatMode ofTransmissionDirect skin toskin contact;occasionally,contaminatedpersonalbelongingsDirect contactwith infectedpersonContaminatedfood andfecal-oralfrom personto personDirect contactwith infectedpersonIncubationPeriodFirstexposure, 2-6weeks;subsequentexposure, 1-4daysPeriod ofCommuni-CabilityUntil mitesand eggs aredestroyed,usually after1-2treatments1-3 days In untreated,uncomplicated cases, 10-21 days oruntil underadequateantibiotictreatment for24-48 hours1-7 days,usually 1-3daysDuring acuteinfection anduntil organismno longer infeces; usuallyseveralweeks1-3 days Weeks ormonthswithoutmedicaltreatment, oruntil underantibiotictreatment for24-48 hoursSigns andSymptomsRash, smallraised bumps,blisters or lineartracts containingmites or theireggs; foundcommonlybetween thefingers, on wrists,or waistline;causes severeitching especiallyat nightBright red rashresemblingsunburn with asandpaper feel,blanches whenpressed withfingers; involvesneck, chest , andextremities; othersymptoms mayinclude sorethroat, fever andstrawberry tongueGI illness withnausea, vomiting,diarrhea and/orabdominal pain;fever almostalways presentFever, sore throat,inflammation andswelling of tonsilsor pharynx andswelling of nodesin neckExclude UntilDay aftertreatment iscompletedAdequatetreatment for 24-48 hours andsymptomssubside;AfebrileExclude untilsymptoms aregone; excludefrom certainactivities based onHD recommendationsAdequatetreatment for 24-48 hours andsymptomssubside;Afebrile- 5 -

DiseaseTuberculosis(TB)For moreinformationabout TB,please contactyour localhealthdepartment ormedicalprofessional.WhoopingCouch(Pertussis)Mode ofTransmissionPerson-topersonthrough theairDirect contactwithrespiratorydropletsIncubationPeriodMaybeinfected butnot haveactive TB7-14 days,average 7-10daysPeriod ofCommuni-CabilityIf infectedwith TB butdoes not haveactive TB, willreceive acourse ofmedicationsas preventivetherapy for aperiod of 6 –9 monthsActive TBcases requirea shorthospitalization and acourse ofdrug therapylasting 9 – 12months.Untreatedfromearlythroatinflammationto 3 weeksafter typicalcoughsymptomsoccur;Treated- theperiod ofinfectiousness extends 5days afteronset oftreatmentSigns andSymptomsA person with TBinfection will nothave symptoms.A person withActive TB mayhave any, all ornone of thefollowingsymptoms: acough that will notgo away, feelingtired all the time,weight loss, lossof appetite, fever,coughing upblood, and nightsweats.Irritating coughturning intosudden andrepeated attacksof coughingwithout taking abreath, followedby a characteristichigh-pitchedwhoop frequentlyending withexpulsion of clearthick mucusExclude UntilThe determinationof when anindividual is notlonger contagiouscan only be madeby a medicalprofessional.3 weeks fromonset of coughsymptoms, ifuntreated or untilafter 5 days oftreatmentAdapted from Barren River District Health Department Communicable Disease Reference ChartInformation on Hepatitis A, HIV/AIDS, and Tuberculosis is adapted from the Centers for Disease Controldisease specific websites (July 2006).- 6 -