INTERPOL HANDBOOK ON DNA DATA EXCHANGE AND PRACTICE

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APPENDIX 5DNA FACT SHEETDNA ProfilingDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules contain the information all living cells in the humanbody need to function. They also control the inheritance of characteristics from parents tooffspring. With the exception of identical twins, each person’s DNA is unique, which makesDNA sampling useful for solving crimes, identifying victims of disasters, and locating missingpersons.DNA’s role in solving crimesDNA profiling can play a crucial role in solving crimes, as it has the potential to link a seriesof crimes and/or to place a suspect at the scene of a crime. Just as importantly, DNA can helpto prove a suspect’s innocence.The first step in obtaining DNA profiles for comparison is the collection of samples fromcrime scenes and reference samples from suspects. Samples are commonly obtained fromblood, hair or body fluids. Advances in DNA technology enable samples to be obtained fromdecreasingly smaller traces of DNA found at crime scenes. Using forensic science methods,the sample is analysed, resulting in a DNA profile that can be compared against other DNAprofiles within a database. This creates the opportunity for ‘hits’ – scene-to-scene, person-tosceneor person-to-person matches – where no previous connection was known.INTERPOL’s DNA databaseINTERPOLPolice in member countries can submit a DNA profile from offenders, crime scenes, missingpersons and unidentified bodies to INTERPOL’s automated DNA database. Known as theDNA Gateway, the database was created in 2002 with a single DNA profile but, as of the endof 2008, it contained more than 82,000 DNA profiles contributed by 48 member countries.Participating countries are actively using the DNA Gateway as a tool in their criminalinvestigations, and it regularly detects potential links between DNA profiles submitted bymember countries – searches of the database by member countries led to 27 internationalhits during 2008.Member countries can access the database via the organization’s I-24/7 global policecommunications system and, upon request, access can be extended beyond the membercountries’ National Central Bureaus to forensic centres and laboratories.INTERPOL serves only as the conduit for the sharing and comparison of information. It doesnot keep any nominal data linking a DNA profile to any individual. A DNA profile is simplya list of numbers based on the pattern of an individual’s DNA, producing a numerical codewhich can be used to differentiate individuals. This profile does not contain information abouta person’s physical or psychological characteristics, diseases or predisposition for diseases.Member countries that use the DNA Gateway retain ownership of their profile data andcontrol its submission, access by other countries and destruction in accordance with theirnational laws.FACT SHEETCOM/FS/2009-08/FS-01PAGE 96 APPENdiX 5dNA FACT SHEET
Promoting standards, ethics and best practiceINTERPOL advocates international technical standards and systems in order to enhance theopportunities for successful cross-border collaboration. For example:• The DNA Gateway is developed to its internationally recognized standard to facilitate theelectronic transfer of DNA data between INTERPOL and its member countries.• The Gateway is also compatible with the EU Pruem convention (a 2005 initiative tosimplify data exchange in the EU countries), and for selected international export of DNAprofiles for countries using CODIS (the FBI-designed DNA matching software).• The G8 DNA Search Request Network uses INTERPOL’s I-24/7 system and DNAstandards to communicate profiles among G8 countries.In addition to the DNA Gateway, INTERPOL strongly supports the increased use of DNAprofiling in international police investigations through two other main areas of activity:• The Monitoring Expert Group is a panel of forensic experts and senior investigatorswhich advises INTERPOL and encourages authorities in member countries to implementor expand national DNA databases. It also works to standardize collection efforts andto promote accreditation criteria for forensic laboratories to ensure the integrity ofsamples.• A DNA Users’ Conference for investigative officers, held every two years, examinesdevelopments in DNA applications and encourages the widespread use of best practiceand DNA technology in criminal investigations.Contact informationE-mail: info@interpol.intFor matters relating to specific crime cases, please contact your localpolice or the INTERPOL National Central Bureau in your country.APPENDIX 5dna fact sheetPAGE 97
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INTERPOLINTERPOL HANDBOOK ONDNA DAT
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INTERPOLINTERPOL HANDBOOK ONDNA DAT
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dna investigative considerations .
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INTRODUCTIONby ronald k. noblethe s
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•back to basics: the use of dna i
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•the dna databaseThe INTERPOL DNA
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PART i: CASE SCENARIOFICTITIOUS SCE
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He cautiously pushes the door open
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The only obvious item of evidential
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• Consider physical evidence that
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DNA SAMPLINGAND EVIDENCE COLLECTION
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•crime scene investigator (csi)Wh
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•potential sources of dnaThere ar
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Open the sampling kit and ensure th
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If at any time during the sampling
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IN THE LABORATORYOnce evidence has
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INTERPRETATION OF THE DNA PROFILEAs
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THE MATCH REPORTTo get to step 5 of
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QUALITY ASSURANCEQuality principles
Page 47 and 48: to ensure the best possible results
Page 49 and 50: •in-laboratory trainingAnother as
Page 51 and 52: •key education requirementAnother
Page 53 and 54: PART II: an overviewdna databasesPA
Page 55 and 56: With the increasing use of DNA prof
Page 57 and 58: INTERPOLMember CountryCrimeSceneRef
Page 59 and 60: THE VALUE OF A NATIONAL DNA DATABAS
Page 61 and 62: ESTABLISHING AN EFFECTIVE DNADATABA
Page 63 and 64: •need for a dna databaseOnce the
Page 65 and 66: PublicityOnce a database has been e
Page 67 and 68: It is not only the individual who i
Page 69 and 70: LEGISLATIONSpecific legislation is
Page 71: In conclusion, legislation has to f
Page 74 and 75: THE USE OF POST-CONVICTION DNA TEST
Page 76 and 77: FAMILIAL SEARCHINGThe idea that a D
Page 78 and 79: “Familial searching” has its ad
Page 80 and 81: Recent progress in the forensic use
Page 82 and 83: The most informative target loci fo
Page 84 and 85: Another obvious issue associated wi
Page 86 and 87: APPENDIX 1INTERPOL Standard Set of
Page 88 and 89: 1 16 DNA CODE:VWA THO1 D21S11 FGA D
Page 90 and 91: the process of dna analysisThe biol
Page 92 and 93: AnalysisThe data generated by elect
Page 94 and 95: NameTH01, TPOX,CSF1POmonoplexes(sil
Page 96 and 97: APPENDIX 4questions around anintell
Page 100 and 101: APPENDIX 6interpol dna search reque
Page 102 and 103: APPENDIX 7recommendationsfrom the e
Page 104 and 105: 21. As a national DNA-database regu
Page 106 and 107: Glossary1-24/7AlleleAmelogeninBiolo
Page 108 and 109: Member CountriesMitochondrial DNA(m
Page 110 and 111: ABBREVIATIONSaimsascld/labasipbelte
Page 112 and 113: eferences1 Retrieved from: www.iso.
Page 114 and 115: 40 Sibille, I., Duverneuil, C., Lor
Page 117 and 118: OIPC-INTERPOL200, Quai Chales de Ga
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INTERPOL HANDBOOK ON DNA DATA EXCHANGE AND PRACTICE

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