INTERPOL HANDBOOK ON DNA DATA EXCHANGE AND PRACTICE
INTERPOL HANDBOOK ON DNA DATA EXCHANGE AND PRACTICE
INTERPOL HANDBOOK ON DNA DATA EXCHANGE AND PRACTICE
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year of release name n° of loci2002 Y-PLEX12 122003 Promega PowerPlex Y 122004 ABI AmpFlSTR® Yfiler 17Table 5. Commercially available Y - chromosome testsThere is also potential of Y-specific haplotypes to demarcate the population of origin ofa donor of a biological sample. This is because the Y-haplotype represents the historyof the male lineage of the donor. Population signatures from Y-chromosome haplotypestend to be more discriminatory than those derived from mt<strong>DNA</strong> – although they havethe disadvantage of only being able to be derived from male samples. The added localdiversity has been attributed to social practices such as patrilocality. Patrilocality is apractice evident in approximately 70% of modern human populations that describesthe movement of women to the man’s place of residence after marriage. This resultsin less geographical differentiation of maternal lineages, and increased differentiationof the male specific Y chromosome 43,44 . This level of inference is obviously of forensicinterest 45,46 and as the level of use of Y-chromosome testing increases, this capability willno doubt be further explored. Major internet-based population databases currently existand users can search the haplotype of casework samples and observe the frequencyof its occurrence in other population groups provided from around the world. Thesewebsites also offer additional features such as assistance with statistical interpretation.The major examples have been listed below:Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD)(available at http://www.ystr.org/index.html)PowerPlex® Y Haplotype Database(available at http://www.promega.com/techserv/tools/pplexy/default.htm)Applied Biosystems® YFiler Haplotype Database(available at http://www.appliedbiosystems.com/yfilerdatabase)Reliagene Y-STR Haplotype Reference Database for U.S. Populations(available at http://www.reliagene.com/index.asp?menu_id=rd&content_id=y_frq)SNPY Reference Database(available at http://www.snp-y.org)GEOGRAPHICAL SEARCH, PHYLOGENY, PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS<strong>AND</strong> OTHER USESPAGE 79