INTERPOL HANDBOOK ON DNA DATA EXCHANGE AND PRACTICE

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CONTENTSintroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5the handbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6dna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Back to basics: the use of DNA in criminal investigations 7Why is forensic DNA profiling important for law enforcement? 7interpol dna unit and monitoring expert group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Origin 8The DNA database 9DNA Gateway success story 9part I: case scenario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11fictitious scenario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Introduction 12Discovery of the body 12Police arrival at the scene 14Medical examination 14Investigation of the scene 14Main entrance route to the crime scene 15investigative approach to the fictitious scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Procedure 16Asking the right questions 16case management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Policies for police DNA case management 18dna sampling and evidence collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19First responders 19First attending officer 20Crime Scene Investigator (CSI) 20Potential sources of DNA 23DNA sampling kits 24Anti-contamination guidelines 27Conditions for storing the samples 28Transport to the laboratory 28Cleaning and decontamination guidelines 28in the laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Review of the exhibits 29Obtaining a DNA profile from the evidence recovered at the crime scene inthe handbook scenario 29DNA profiling involves five steps 30interpretation of the dna profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Basic elements of a DNA report 33the match report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34What do the results mean? 34Conclusion 35conclusion of scenario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36PAGE 2CONTENTS
dna investigative considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39media relations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40quality assurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41Impact on the quality 41Measures to ensure confidence 43training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44First attending officers at scene of crime 44Crime Scene Investigators 45Laboratory analysis 46International standards 46In-laboratory training 47Expert evidence 47Legal courts and the judiciary 48Key education requirement 49Public, community and general awareness 49part ii: an overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51dna databases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51status on existing national dna databases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52the value of a national dna database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57Use of the results 57Cold case review – cold hit capacity 58establishing an effective dna database operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Identifying the outcome 59Level of awareness 60Media interest 60“The CSI effect” 60Need for a DNA database 61Target audience 61General public 62Evidence 63privacy and data protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64What concerns exist and why? 64Social discrimination 64Addressing privacy and data protection concerns 65Conclusion 66legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67Other factors 69the potential of dna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71the use of post-conviction dna testing; the united states’ experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72familial searching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74geographical search, phylogeny, physical characteristics and other uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77Geographic search, phylogeny 77Physical traits 81Potential socio-legal issues 81CONTENTS PAGE 3
Page 1 and 2: INTERPOLINTERPOL HANDBOOK ONDNA DAT
Page 3: INTERPOLINTERPOL HANDBOOK ONDNA DAT
Page 7 and 8: INTRODUCTIONby ronald k. noblethe s
Page 9 and 10: •back to basics: the use of dna i
Page 11 and 12: •the dna databaseThe INTERPOL DNA
Page 13 and 14: PART i: CASE SCENARIOFICTITIOUS SCE
Page 15 and 16: He cautiously pushes the door open
Page 17 and 18: The only obvious item of evidential
Page 19 and 20: • Consider physical evidence that
Page 21 and 22: DNA SAMPLINGAND EVIDENCE COLLECTION
Page 23 and 24: •crime scene investigator (csi)Wh
Page 25 and 26: •potential sources of dnaThere ar
Page 27 and 28: Open the sampling kit and ensure th
Page 29 and 30: If at any time during the sampling
Page 31: IN THE LABORATORYOnce evidence has
Page 34 and 35: INTERPRETATION OF THE DNA PROFILEAs
Page 36: THE MATCH REPORTTo get to step 5 of
Page 43: QUALITY ASSURANCEQuality principles
Page 47 and 48: to ensure the best possible results
Page 49 and 50: •in-laboratory trainingAnother as
Page 51 and 52: •key education requirementAnother
Page 53 and 54: PART II: an overviewdna databasesPA
Page 55 and 56:
With the increasing use of DNA prof
Page 57 and 58:
INTERPOLMember CountryCrimeSceneRef
Page 59 and 60:
THE VALUE OF A NATIONAL DNA DATABAS
Page 61 and 62:
ESTABLISHING AN EFFECTIVE DNADATABA
Page 63 and 64:
•need for a dna databaseOnce the
Page 65 and 66:
PublicityOnce a database has been e
Page 67 and 68:
It is not only the individual who i
Page 69 and 70:
LEGISLATIONSpecific legislation is
Page 71:
In conclusion, legislation has to f
Page 74 and 75:
THE USE OF POST-CONVICTION DNA TEST
Page 76 and 77:
FAMILIAL SEARCHINGThe idea that a D
Page 78 and 79:
“Familial searching” has its ad
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Recent progress in the forensic use
Page 82 and 83:
The most informative target loci fo
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Another obvious issue associated wi
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APPENDIX 1INTERPOL Standard Set of
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1 16 DNA CODE:VWA THO1 D21S11 FGA D
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the process of dna analysisThe biol
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AnalysisThe data generated by elect
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NameTH01, TPOX,CSF1POmonoplexes(sil
Page 96 and 97:
APPENDIX 4questions around anintell
Page 98 and 99:
APPENDIX 5DNA FACT SHEETDNA Profili
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APPENDIX 6interpol dna search reque
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APPENDIX 7recommendationsfrom the e
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21. As a national DNA-database regu
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Glossary1-24/7AlleleAmelogeninBiolo
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Member CountriesMitochondrial DNA(m
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ABBREVIATIONSaimsascld/labasipbelte
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eferences1 Retrieved from: www.iso.
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40 Sibille, I., Duverneuil, C., Lor
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OIPC-INTERPOL200, Quai Chales de Ga
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INTERPOL HANDBOOK ON DNA DATA EXCHANGE AND PRACTICE

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