INTERPOL HANDBOOK ON DNA DATA EXCHANGE AND PRACTICE

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INTERPOL DNA UNITAND MONITORING EXPERT GROUP• originThe INTERPOL DNA Unit was established at the General Secretariat in Lyon inMarch 2000 in response to demands by many of INTERPOL’s 188 member countries.The primary project was to establish a group of experienced external advisors towork with INTERPOL to implement international best practice guidelines andinternational DNA data exchange, thus creating the INTERPOL DNA MonitoringExpert Group (MEG). The Monitoring Expert Group is a panel of forensic experts andsenior investigators which advises INTERPOL and encourages authorities in membercountries to implement or expand national databases. It also aims to standardizecollection efforts and to promote accreditation criteria for forensic laboratories toensure the integrity of samples. With their support and guidance INTERPOL has so farmanaged to achieve the following:• recommendation of the ISSOL (INTERPOL Standard Set of Loci) worldwide (seeAppendix 1). This standard was created to encourage countries to use a core set ofloci that would facilitate international comparison. The ISSOL also allows for theidentification of individuals but not for the extraction of personal information, apartfrom gender.• establishment of the INTERPOL DNA Gateway• development of the INTERPOL DNA Database• installation of the G8 I-24/7 DNA SRN (Search Request Network for laboratoriesin G8 countries)• management of 19 DNA MEG meetings• organization of five International DNA Users’ Conferences for InvestigativeOfficers• arranging seven regional DNA workshops or conferences• performing three global DNA Surveys• publication of the INTERPOL DNA Handbook, Training DVD and DNA surveyReports• issuing advice for criminal investigations under the UN Mandate• providing assistance to DNA-led international Disaster Victim Identificationoperations.INTERPOL proactively promotes DNA profiling as a highly valuable and relativelyeconomical forensic identification tool and by doing so has increased the interest in thisinvestigative support technique around the world, in particular in developing countriesand regions.PAGE 8INTERPOL DNA UNITAND MONITORING EXPERT GROUP
•the dna databaseThe INTERPOL DNA Database was developed in 2002. According to the latest GlobalDNA Survey, 54 member countries are operating national DNA databases, with54 countries currently populating the INTERPOL DNA Database. The DNA Databaseis used in police investigations to search a DNA profile against all other internationalprofiles that have been submitted for unsolved crime stains, convicted offenders,suspects, unidentified bodies and missing persons. Each country retains ownership ofits profile data and controls its submission, destruction and access by other countriesin accordance with their national laws.In respect of data confidentiality, an important parameter in the INTERPOL DNADatabase is that profiles are searched without the name of the person to whom theprofile belongs. When there is a database match, the countries concerned are informedand invited to co-operate bilaterally should they choose to pursue the investigation.This procedure ensures that only when there is a match in the INTERPOL DNADatabase will the identification and circumstances of the suspect be revealed betweenthe countries concerned, should they so decide. Also, to ensure the quality, andtherefore reliability of DNA profiles, countries must declare if the DNA profile wasproduced in an accredited laboratory.Access to the DNA Gateway is provided directly to a country via the INTERPOL NationalCentral Bureau (NCB) using INTERPOL’s I-24/7 secure police communications system.Member countries also have the technical possibility for direct access to the databasefrom the NCB or another authorized entity such as a national forensic institute.•dna gateway success storyOn 31 January 2006, four individuals committed an armed robbery in a jewellery storein Vaduz, Liechtenstein, leaving with merchandise and cash with a value of more thanone million Swiss Francs, approximately EUR 620,000. One suspect was arrested butmanaged to escape from the Vaduz prison on 19 July of the same year with the help oftwo men, one of whom is suspected of having taken part in the armed robbery.Following these events and investigation by the Liechtenstein Police and INTERPOL’sNational Central Bureau in Vaduz, the NCB issued diffusions (alerts to countries),and later requested the issuance of INTERPOL Red Notices, or international wantedpersons alerts, for four individuals, three of them from Serbia and one from Croatia.The Police provided photographs, fingerprints and DNA profiles for each of thefour wanted individuals. This information was stored in INTERPOL’s databases and isaccessible by 188 member countries.Less than a year later, on 19 April 2007, INTERPOL received 14 DNA profiles fromthe United Arab Emirates Police in relation to an armed robbery in a jewellery storein Dubai, United Arab Emirates. They requested an urgent check against INTERPOL’sDNA Database.INTERPOL DNA UNITAND MONITORING EXPERT GROUPPAGE 9
Page 1 and 2: INTERPOLINTERPOL HANDBOOK ONDNA DAT
Page 3 and 4: INTERPOLINTERPOL HANDBOOK ONDNA DAT
Page 5 and 6: dna investigative considerations .
Page 7 and 8: INTRODUCTIONby ronald k. noblethe s
Page 9: •back to basics: the use of dna i
Page 13 and 14: PART i: CASE SCENARIOFICTITIOUS SCE
Page 15 and 16: He cautiously pushes the door open
Page 17 and 18: The only obvious item of evidential
Page 19 and 20: • Consider physical evidence that
Page 21 and 22: DNA SAMPLINGAND EVIDENCE COLLECTION
Page 23 and 24: •crime scene investigator (csi)Wh
Page 25 and 26: •potential sources of dnaThere ar
Page 27 and 28: Open the sampling kit and ensure th
Page 29 and 30: If at any time during the sampling
Page 31: IN THE LABORATORYOnce evidence has
Page 34 and 35: INTERPRETATION OF THE DNA PROFILEAs
Page 36: THE MATCH REPORTTo get to step 5 of
Page 43: QUALITY ASSURANCEQuality principles
Page 47 and 48: to ensure the best possible results
Page 49 and 50: •in-laboratory trainingAnother as
Page 51 and 52: •key education requirementAnother
Page 53 and 54: PART II: an overviewdna databasesPA
Page 55 and 56: With the increasing use of DNA prof
Page 57 and 58: INTERPOLMember CountryCrimeSceneRef
Page 59 and 60: THE VALUE OF A NATIONAL DNA DATABAS
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ESTABLISHING AN EFFECTIVE DNADATABA
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•need for a dna databaseOnce the
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PublicityOnce a database has been e
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It is not only the individual who i
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LEGISLATIONSpecific legislation is
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In conclusion, legislation has to f
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THE USE OF POST-CONVICTION DNA TEST
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FAMILIAL SEARCHINGThe idea that a D
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“Familial searching” has its ad
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Recent progress in the forensic use
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The most informative target loci fo
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Another obvious issue associated wi
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APPENDIX 1INTERPOL Standard Set of
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1 16 DNA CODE:VWA THO1 D21S11 FGA D
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the process of dna analysisThe biol
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AnalysisThe data generated by elect
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NameTH01, TPOX,CSF1POmonoplexes(sil
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APPENDIX 4questions around anintell
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APPENDIX 5DNA FACT SHEETDNA Profili
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APPENDIX 6interpol dna search reque
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APPENDIX 7recommendationsfrom the e
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21. As a national DNA-database regu
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Glossary1-24/7AlleleAmelogeninBiolo
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Member CountriesMitochondrial DNA(m
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ABBREVIATIONSaimsascld/labasipbelte
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eferences1 Retrieved from: www.iso.
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40 Sibille, I., Duverneuil, C., Lor
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OIPC-INTERPOL200, Quai Chales de Ga
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INTERPOL HANDBOOK ON DNA DATA EXCHANGE AND PRACTICE

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