INTERPOL HANDBOOK ON DNA DATA EXCHANGE AND PRACTICE

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Member CountriesMitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)MutationNon-autosomalINTERPOL has 188 countries that are a member of its organizationand work with and benefit from all that INTERPOL has to offer.Mitochondrial DNA is found in the mitochondria of the cell and isassociated with the energy production function of the cell. Its analysisis very different from that of the DNA found in the cell nucleus andmitochondrial DNA profiles are not compatible with the DNA profileson the NDNAD. Mitochondrial DNA profiles are less discriminatingthan STR profiles (SGM/SGM+) but are useful when STR profilescannot be obtained.A change in the characteristics of an organism arising from a change inthe genes of the organism 57 .An autosome is a chromosome that has no role in sex determination. Inhumans this is the 22 chromosomes that are not the sex chromosomes(X or Y). Regions of DNA that are not on autosomes are referredto as “non-autosomal”. This may be because they exist on the X or Ychromosomes, or, for example, on the mitochondrial DNA genome.Non-coding regionPhenotypesPhysical evidencePolymerase ChainReaction (PCR)PolymorphismsRandom MatchProbability (RMP)Non-coding DNA represents 99% of the human genome and containscertain differences in DNA sequence (polymorphisms) that areinherited, but do not influence an individual’s physical characteristicsand; therefore, provide no information of significance, for example aboutan individual’s predisposition to a particular medical condition 58 .The observable characteristics of an individual organism; theconsequence of the underlying genotype and its interaction with theenvironment 58 .Typically this describes physical matter that can hold evidentialsignificance. This can be matter such as paint, glass, fibres etc.A rapid, inexpensive and simple chemical reaction used to increasethe quantity of DNA evidence present. However, the presenceof contaminants and multiple samples will render this techniqueineffective.Variations in the genome at a given location. Originally applied to allelesproducing new phenotypes 57 .A statistical statement that indicates the significance or strength of thematch of two DNA profiles. The larger the number in the frequencyestimate, the rarer the profile and therefore the more significant theresults. The RMP does not indicate the probability of the suspect beingguilty and great care should be taken not to convey this impression.PAGE 106Glossary
Reference sampleRestrictionFragment LengthPolymorphism(RFLP)Short TandemRepeats (STRs)A DNA profile obtained from a known individual. These may include,suspects, offenders, and convicted individuals.An older method of forensic DNA analysis based on the different sizedfragments that can be produced when a piece of DNA is cut by certainenzymes. Replaced by STR analysis due to the large amount of DNArequired for it to work, as well as the long time needed for analysis.The current method of DNA profiling is known as profiling ShortTandem Repeats (STR profiling). This technique looks at specific shortlengths of the DNA. These short pieces are repeated, end-to-end,within the DNA molecule. Different people will have different numbersof repeats of these pieces and hence different lengths of this repeatedDNA. The STR profiling technique examines the length of these repeatunits and converts the length into a numerical output.Single NucleotidePolymorphisms (SNPs)Tamper evident bagTelogenic hairsY - chromosomesPolymorphic regions of the DNA that involve a single base changeonly.Plastic bag which, once sealed, will indicate if the seal has been interferedwith in any way.Hairs that are shed naturally.The male determining chromosome. DNA markers on this chromosomeare used more commonly now in sexual assault examinations.Glossary PAGE 107
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INTERPOLINTERPOL HANDBOOK ONDNA DAT
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INTERPOLINTERPOL HANDBOOK ONDNA DAT
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dna investigative considerations .
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INTRODUCTIONby ronald k. noblethe s
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•back to basics: the use of dna i
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•the dna databaseThe INTERPOL DNA
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PART i: CASE SCENARIOFICTITIOUS SCE
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He cautiously pushes the door open
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The only obvious item of evidential
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• Consider physical evidence that
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DNA SAMPLINGAND EVIDENCE COLLECTION
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•crime scene investigator (csi)Wh
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•potential sources of dnaThere ar
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Open the sampling kit and ensure th
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If at any time during the sampling
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IN THE LABORATORYOnce evidence has
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INTERPRETATION OF THE DNA PROFILEAs
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THE MATCH REPORTTo get to step 5 of
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QUALITY ASSURANCEQuality principles
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to ensure the best possible results
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•in-laboratory trainingAnother as
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•key education requirementAnother
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PART II: an overviewdna databasesPA
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With the increasing use of DNA prof
Page 57 and 58: INTERPOLMember CountryCrimeSceneRef
Page 59 and 60: THE VALUE OF A NATIONAL DNA DATABAS
Page 61 and 62: ESTABLISHING AN EFFECTIVE DNADATABA
Page 63 and 64: •need for a dna databaseOnce the
Page 65 and 66: PublicityOnce a database has been e
Page 67 and 68: It is not only the individual who i
Page 69 and 70: LEGISLATIONSpecific legislation is
Page 71: In conclusion, legislation has to f
Page 74 and 75: THE USE OF POST-CONVICTION DNA TEST
Page 76 and 77: FAMILIAL SEARCHINGThe idea that a D
Page 78 and 79: “Familial searching” has its ad
Page 80 and 81: Recent progress in the forensic use
Page 82 and 83: The most informative target loci fo
Page 84 and 85: Another obvious issue associated wi
Page 86 and 87: APPENDIX 1INTERPOL Standard Set of
Page 88 and 89: 1 16 DNA CODE:VWA THO1 D21S11 FGA D
Page 90 and 91: the process of dna analysisThe biol
Page 92 and 93: AnalysisThe data generated by elect
Page 94 and 95: NameTH01, TPOX,CSF1POmonoplexes(sil
Page 96 and 97: APPENDIX 4questions around anintell
Page 98 and 99: APPENDIX 5DNA FACT SHEETDNA Profili
Page 100 and 101: APPENDIX 6interpol dna search reque
Page 102 and 103: APPENDIX 7recommendationsfrom the e
Page 104 and 105: 21. As a national DNA-database regu
Page 106 and 107: Glossary1-24/7AlleleAmelogeninBiolo
Page 110 and 111: ABBREVIATIONSaimsascld/labasipbelte
Page 112 and 113: eferences1 Retrieved from: www.iso.
Page 114 and 115: 40 Sibille, I., Duverneuil, C., Lor
Page 117 and 118: OIPC-INTERPOL200, Quai Chales de Ga
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INTERPOL HANDBOOK ON DNA DATA EXCHANGE AND PRACTICE

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