Wind Erosion in Western Queensland Australia

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Chapter 1 - IntroductionChapter 1Introduction1.1 Introduction to ThesisApproximately 47% of the world’s land surface is classified as drylands (Thomas, 2000).This area includes dry sub-humid, semi-arid, arid and hyper-arid regions. The drylands arecharacterised by low precipitation – high potential evapotranspiration ratios and sparsevegetation cover (UNEP, 2008). These conditions result in a deficiency in soil moisture andlarge areas of bare ground, making the regions particularly sensitive to climatic changes,anthropogenic disturbance and land degradation.Wind erosion is a land degradation process that affects dryland environments. It affectsapproximately 28% of the global land area experiencing land degradation (Oldeman, 1994;Callot et al., 2000; Prospero et al., 2002). While wind erosion is a naturally occurring processin many regions, it has been accelerated by human activities in rangelands and in marginalcultivated lands. Anthropogenic pressures accelerating wind erosion include overgrazing ofrangeland pastures and the use of long-fallowing of cultivated lands (Leys, 1999). While inmany developed countries cultivation practices have been improved to minimise soil loss dueto wind erosion, there remains considerable grazing pressure on rangelands. Arid and semiaridrangelands cover approximately 45% of the world’s land surface (Reid et al., 2008). Theeffects of grazing on the rangelands are seen through a reduction in vegetation cover (due toconsumption), and the disturbance of soil crusts which play a critical role in reducing theerodibility of soils in arid and semi-arid environments (Belnap and Eldridge, 2001).Wind erosion has numerous on- and off-site effects. These are seen from the individual fieldscale (10 3 m 2 ) to regional (10 4 km 2 ) and global scales. On-site effects of wind erosionrelevant to agriculture include (after Leys, 1999; McTainsh and Strong, 2007):• Loss of nutrient rich topsoil in lands with generally nutrient poor soils;• Selective removal of fine fraction particulates and organic matter from soils;1
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Chapter 8 - Conclusions• There is
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Beadle, N.C.W., 1945. Dust storms.
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Bryan, R.B., Govers, G., Poesen, J.
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Chepil, W.S., 1965. Transport of so
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Gregory, J.M., 1984. Prediction of
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Marshall, J.K., 1973. Drought, land
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Penner, J.E., et al. , 2001. Climat
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Rickert, K.G., McKeon, G.M., 1982.
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Stokes, C., J., McAllister, R.R.J.,
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Williams, W.J., Eldridge, D.J., Alc
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Wind Erosion in Western Queensland Australia

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