Wind Erosion in Western Queensland Australia

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Chapter 8 – Conclusionsmultiple assessments of the model performance across scales and under a range ofclimatic conditions (i.e. during drought and periods of above average rainfall).8.5 Future Research PrioritiesThis thesis has identified several areas that require future research. These relate to thelimitations of this research, understanding land erodibility in Australia, and to thedevelopment of models to assess spatial and temporal changes in soil and land erodibility ingeneral. They include:1. More studies are required to quantify relationships between factors controlling soilerodibility (aggregation and surface crusting), soil physical properties, climatic factorsand land management. In particular, research is required at high temporal resolutions (e.g.days) to elucidate the response of soils to individual rainfall events and antecedentclimate and management conditions. This research is essential for developing functionalsoil erodibility models, which are lacking from most process-based wind erosion modelstoday. A component of this research should focus on how to integrate new soil erodibilitymodels into current wind erosion and land erodibility modelling systems. For example,the output of soil erodibility models should be physical parameters that can be input intoschemes that compute the threshold friction velocity for sediment mobilisation.2. More attention needs to be given to how the effects of heterogeneous surface roughnesscan be incorporated into wind erosion and land erodibility models. While statisticalmethods have been developed to account for sub-grid scale heterogeneity in vegetationcover (Raupach and Lu, 2004), further research is required to quantify surface roughnesseffects at scales relevant to the field distribution of roughness elements (e.g. Okin, 2008).This will be facilitated by developing methods that utilise remote sensing technologies tomap the distribution of vegetation cover at moderate to high spatial resolutions (e.g.pixels < 30 x 30 m). While this may not currently be feasible for dynamic herbaceouscover, estimates of the distribution of tree cover in rangeland environments (which variesover longer time scales) would significantly improve model assessments of potential winderosion.200
Chapter 8 – Conclusions3. Following the development of the first two research priorities, the spatial application ofAUSLEM should be extended to assess land erodibility in central, western and southernAustralia. This would allow for a continent-wide analysis of spatial and temporal patternsin land erodibility. An analysis of this type would significantly increase ourunderstanding of wind erosion processes in Australia. Research outcomes could beintegrated into further wind erosion modelling research, enhancing land managementpolicy, and be used to identify regions that require more intensive field monitoring orremediation.4. The temporal range of AUSLEM simulations should be extended to better resolve theeffects of inter-decadal climate oscillations (e.g. the Pacific inter-Decadal Oscillation) onland erodibility dynamics. Integrating a soil erodibility scheme into the model would alsoallow for higher spatial and temporal resolution studies of land erodibility to beconducted. This would allow for the effects of short-term climate oscillations (e.g. theMadden-Julian Oscillation) on land erodibility to be examined. These studies wouldprovide a basis from which to analyse land management effects on spatial and temporalpatterns in land erodibility. It would also provide valuable information on the sensitivityand susceptibility of the rangelands to natural and anthropogenic disturbance and erosion.5. Additional research is required to refine methods for making field assessments of landerodibility. Modelling studies should not be developed independently of rigorous fieldexperimentation at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. Developing approaches forassessing land erodibility at the landscape scale and over large geographic areas isessential for calibrating and validating model predictions of land erodibility at broadspatial scales. Particular attention should be given to collecting field data at scales that arecomparable with output from existing models, and which are based on quantitative andrepeatable methodologies.6. Finally, there is scope for applying existing wind erosion models to assess land erodibilitydynamics. Wind erosion models have been developed to operate at a range of spatial andtemporal scales, and across a range of application environments, i.e. cultivated lands andrangelands. Application of the models to assess land erodibility would allow for theanalysis of land erodibility dynamics outside Australia, and across spatial and temporalscales. Examining output scenarios from different models within a region would provide201
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Modelling Land Susceptibility toWin
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AUSLEM was developed as a Geographi
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who joined me on many trips, shared
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Wind Erosion in Western Queensland Australia

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