Wind Erosion in Western Queensland Australia

Chapter 7 – Land Erodibility Dynamics 1980-2006are consistent with those years receiving annual rainfall >400 mm. However, the correlationsbetween rainfall, SOI and land erodibility in the Mulga Lands are affected by a lag responsein land erodibility change relative to shifts in the SOI phase (positive to negative). This isevident in the transition from the wet La Niña conditions from 1988-90 to the dry El Niñoevent from 1991-94. A mechanism behind the lag is the steady rather than rapid increase inannual rainfall from 1988-90, and sustained vegetation cover over the bioregion until thedrought in 1992. Short (~1 year) El Niño events, for example in 1997, do not necessarilycause a reduction in rainfall. Land erodibility may therefore continue to increase or decreasethrough these periods in line with trends determined by antecedent rainfall conditions.The Mitchell Grass Downs, Channel Country and Simpson-Strzelecki Desert bioregions areless sensitive than the Mulga Lands to inter-annual rainfall and ENSO variability (Table 7.1).These bioregions appear to be more sensitive to intense and persistent (multi-year) drought.This explains the stronger positive correlations of land erodibility with the PDO in theChannel Country and Mitchell Grass Downs. The lower sensitivity of these bioregions tointer-annual climate variability stems from the nature of climate variability in these regions,and their vegetation and soil characteristics.While the Mitchell Grass Downs experiences high inter-annual rainfall variability (Figure7.6), rainfall across this bioregion is adequate to sustain regionally high vegetation coverlevels and low land erodibility (Figures 7.2 and 7.5). Peaks in land erodibility in the MitchellGrass Downs occur in the north-western half of the bioregion. This area, between Boulia andUrandangie, receives lower annual rainfall than the eastern half of the bioregion and issubsequently more sensitive to drought (e.g. 1986-1989). While rainfall has a strongassociation with El Niño events in the Mitchell Grass Downs (McKeon et al., 2004),variability over the eastern half of the bioregion is not sufficient to induce regular regionalscale (10 4 km 2 ) changes in land erodibility that would provide strong correlations with eitherrainfall or the SOI.Like the Mitchell Grass Downs, land erodibility dynamics in the Channel Country reflectrainfall variability and the PDO more than ENSO phase changes (Table 7.1). The gradualincrease in land erodibility in the Channel Country between 1982 and 1988 is consistent withthe sustained ‘neutral’ ENSO conditions and intensification of the PDO (cooling of SeaSurface Temperatures in the tropical West Pacific). The bioregion received