Wind Erosion in Western Queensland Australia

Modelling Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion in Western ... - Ninti One Modelling Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion in Western ... - Ninti One

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Chapter 5 – Land Erodibility Model DevelopmentTable 5.1 Dust-event frequencies at stations used for model validation. Dust event classes listed foreach station include dust-event frequencies for all event types (All); events with hazes removed(NoHz); events with hazes and dust whirls removed (NoHzWr); and Dust Storm Index (DSI) valuesStation* Class 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990Birds All 9 2 33 51 22 35 30 47 64 74 42NoHz 7 1 32 49 21 32 25 44 64 69 33NoHzWr 5 1 32 46 21 29 24 42 62 66 33DSI 0.3 0.05 13 11.7 6.85 1.35 1.1 15.1 2 13.45 8.05Boul All 4 0 10 12 3 5 12 20 11 20 16NoHz 3 0 8 3 0 2 10 10 7 14 10NoHzWr 3 0 8 3 0 2 10 10 7 14 10DSI 5.05 0 1.3 1.1 0 0.1 7.2 8.1 5.3 5.25 2.15Char All 436 369 271 93 38 36 28 9 18 11 38NoHz 118 94 65 35 14 20 20 2 5 9 20NoHzWr 8 11 8 6 5 7 13 0 1 5 5DSI 4.75 8.4 3.95 4 2.55 0.9 5.5 0.1 1.2 0.35 0.85Thargo All 11 3 5 6 1 3 11 14 6 14 8NoHz 10 1 2 2 1 3 8 14 6 13 2NoHzWr 10 1 1 2 1 3 8 13 6 13 2DSI 11.3 1 0.05 1.05 0.05 5.05 3.15 3.2 1.2 1.4 0.1Uran All 9 3 8 4 0 17 11 17 25 70 63NoHz 9 3 6 4 0 16 11 14 24 69 63NoHzWr 9 3 5 3 0 16 10 12 23 67 34DSI 0.45 0.15 6.2 1.1 0 3.45 4.25 7.45 2 13.75 13Wind All 35 10 20 10 15 26 44 55 75 15 12NoHz 28 3 12 7 15 26 44 54 75 15 12NoHzWr 23 3 12 6 12 20 27 42 69 15 11DSI 1.3 0.15 0.55 0.3 0.65 2.2 4.85 8.45 14.35 12.4 0.4Long All 5 2 130 63 27 8 5 8 6 8 56NoHz 0 2 14 16 13 8 4 1 5 0 14NoHzWr 0 2 3 3 0 7 3 0 3 0 11DSI 0 0.05 1.45 0.6 0.5 0.2 1.1 0 1.15 0 0.45Quil All 6 5 7 0 2 3 3 5 5 3 7NoHz 6 5 5 0 2 2 3 4 5 2 5NoHzWr 6 5 5 0 2 2 3 4 5 2 10DSI 1.2 6.1 0.2 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.15 2.15 5.05 3.05* Birds (Birdsville); Boul (Boulia); Char (Charleville); Thargo (Thargomindah); Uran (Urandangie); Wind(Windorah); Long (Longreach); Quil (Quilpie).The range of land surface characteristics (soil, vegetation types), management and climatevariability between the stations means that they have distinct dust-event frequency timeseriestrajectories (Table 5.1). The data also show that the types of dust events comprising thefrequencies varied between stations. The western stations (Birdsville, Urandangie, Boulia,Windorah) show little difference in frequencies between event classes. On the other hand, theeastern stations (Longreach, Charleville) have larger differences between class frequencies.146

Chapter 5 – Land Erodibility Model DevelopmentRemoving dust hazes and whirls from the western stations records has little effect on thefrequencies, indicating that the majority of events recorded at these stations are dust storms(i.e. Synop Codes 09, 30-35) or locally blowing dust (Code 07). At the eastern stationsremoving hazes and whirls significantly reduces the remaining event frequencies, indicatingthat the majority of events recorded at these stations are non-local (i.e. hazes) or are notrepresentative of lateral wind erosion activity (i.e. dust whirls).Figure 5.5 presents examples of time-series trajectories of mean annual land erodibility forQuilpie, Thargomindah and Windorah. Figure 5.5a presents trajectories for the circular AOIsat scales from 25 to 150 km. Figure 5.5b presents trajectories extracted from the directionalhalf-circle AOIs with a radius of 100 km. The patterns in trajectory changes between scales inFigure 5.5a are typical of those found across all stations. Differences were found between themagnitude of output values between scales, but no consistent differences were found betweenthe trends in the trajectories. Data for the year 1980 at the 150 km scale for Quilpie andThargomindah (5.5a), for example, indicate that land further from these stations had lowerodibility during that year. Variations in mean annual output values for the directional halfcircleAOIs also exhibit significant differences in magnitude and not trajectory. The trends inmean annual land erodibility extracted from model output on one side of a station (i.e. to thewest) were found to be similar to those extracted from other areas around the stations (i.e. tothe north, east or south). This outcome is interesting as the BoM stations are surrounded bymultiple soil and vegetation types so the land erodibility trajectories could be expected tohave different trends.147

Chapter 5 – Land Erodibility Model DevelopmentRemov<strong>in</strong>g dust hazes and whirls from the western stations records has little effect on thefrequencies, <strong>in</strong>dicat<strong>in</strong>g that the majority of events recorded at these stations are dust storms(i.e. Synop Codes 09, 30-35) or locally blow<strong>in</strong>g dust (Code 07). At the eastern stationsremov<strong>in</strong>g hazes and whirls significantly reduces the rema<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g event frequencies, <strong>in</strong>dicat<strong>in</strong>gthat the majority of events recorded at these stations are non-local (i.e. hazes) or are notrepresentative of lateral w<strong>in</strong>d erosion activity (i.e. dust whirls).Figure 5.5 presents examples of time-series trajectories of mean annual land erodibility forQuilpie, Thargom<strong>in</strong>dah and <strong>W<strong>in</strong>d</strong>orah. Figure 5.5a presents trajectories for the circular AOIsat scales from 25 to 150 km. Figure 5.5b presents trajectories extracted from the directionalhalf-circle AOIs with a radius of 100 km. The patterns <strong>in</strong> trajectory changes between scales <strong>in</strong>Figure 5.5a are typical of those found across all stations. Differences were found between themagnitude of output values between scales, but no consistent differences were found betweenthe trends <strong>in</strong> the trajectories. Data for the year 1980 at the 150 km scale for Quilpie andThargom<strong>in</strong>dah (5.5a), for example, <strong>in</strong>dicate that land further from these stations had lowerodibility dur<strong>in</strong>g that year. Variations <strong>in</strong> mean annual output values for the directional halfcircleAOIs also exhibit significant differences <strong>in</strong> magnitude and not trajectory. The trends <strong>in</strong>mean annual land erodibility extracted from model output on one side of a station (i.e. to thewest) were found to be similar to those extracted from other areas around the stations (i.e. tothe north, east or south). This outcome is <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g as the BoM stations are surrounded bymultiple soil and vegetation types so the land erodibility trajectories could be expected tohave different trends.147

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