Wind Erosion in Western Queensland Australia
Modelling Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion in Western ... - Ninti One Modelling Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion in Western ... - Ninti One
2.2.5 Soil Moisture Effects........................................................................................ 442.2.6 Surface Crusting and Disturbance .................................................................... 502.2.7 Dust Emission by Aeolian Abrasion ................................................................ 542.2.8 Roughness Effects of Vegetation ..................................................................... 542.3 Anthropogenic Interactions with Wind Erosion Controls .......................................... 612.4 Conceptual Model of Land Erodibility....................................................................... 622.5 Summary..................................................................................................................... 67Chapter 3: Approaches to Modelling Land Erodibility to Wind3.1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 693.2 Field Scale Wind Erosion Models .............................................................................. 713.2.1 Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ)........................................................................ 713.2.2 Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) ....................................................... 733.2.3 Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) ....................................................... 743.2.4 Texas Erosion Analysis Model (TEAM).......................................................... 773.2.5 Wind Erosion Stochastic Simulator (WESS) ................................................... 803.3 Local to Regional Scale Models ................................................................................. 813.3.1 Wind Erosion on European Light Soils (WEELS)........................................... 813.3.2 Wind Erosion Assessment Model (WEAM) .................................................... 833.3.3 Integrated Wind Erosion Modelling System (IWEMS) ................................... 853.4 Continental to Global Scale Models ........................................................................... 863.4.1 Dust Production Model (DPM) ........................................................................ 873.4.2 Dust Entrainment and Deposition Model (DEAD) .......................................... 893.4.3 Other Global Dust Models................................................................................ 913.5 Synthesis and Discussion............................................................................................ 923.5.1 Reliability of Control Representations ............................................................. 933.5.2 Data Availability............................................................................................... 943.5.3 Up-scaling Models and Sub-Grid Scale Heterogeneity.................................... 953.5.4 Validation of Regional to Global Scale Models............................................... 953.6 Summary..................................................................................................................... 96x
Chapter 4: A Framework for Modelling Temporal Variations in SoilErodibility4.1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 994.2 Aggregation, Soil Crusts and Soil Erodibility .......................................................... 1024.3 The Soil Erodibility Continuum................................................................................ 1044.4 Modelling Temporal Changes in Soil Erodibility..................................................... 1104.4.1 Approach ........................................................................................................ 1104.4.2 Temporal Model Framework.......................................................................... 1104.4.3 Sensitivity Testing .......................................................................................... 1174.4.4 Model Limitations .......................................................................................... 1194.5 Model Parameterisation ............................................................................................ 1214.6 Conclusions............................................................................................................... 127Chapter 5: A Model to Predict Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion inWestern Queensland, Australia5.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 1295.2 Study Area ................................................................................................................ 1315.3 Model Development.................................................................................................. 1325.3.1 Land Erodibility Controls............................................................................... 1325.3.2 Rationale for Model Development ................................................................. 1345.3.3 Model Framework .......................................................................................... 1365.4 Model Input Data ...................................................................................................... 1425.5 Model Application and Validation............................................................................ 1435.5.1 Methodology................................................................................................... 1435.5.2 Results - Annual Land Erodibility Predictions............................................... 1445.5.3 Results - Station Comparisons........................................................................ 1455.6 Discussion................................................................................................................. 1525.6.1 Model Performance ........................................................................................ 1525.6.2 Model Limitations .......................................................................................... 1545.7 Conclusions............................................................................................................... 155xi
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2.2.5 Soil Moisture Effects........................................................................................ 442.2.6 Surface Crust<strong>in</strong>g and Disturbance .................................................................... 502.2.7 Dust Emission by Aeolian Abrasion ................................................................ 542.2.8 Roughness Effects of Vegetation ..................................................................... 542.3 Anthropogenic Interactions with <strong>W<strong>in</strong>d</strong> <strong>Erosion</strong> Controls .......................................... 612.4 Conceptual Model of Land Erodibility....................................................................... 622.5 Summary..................................................................................................................... 67Chapter 3: Approaches to Modell<strong>in</strong>g Land Erodibility to <strong>W<strong>in</strong>d</strong>3.1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 693.2 Field Scale <strong>W<strong>in</strong>d</strong> <strong>Erosion</strong> Models .............................................................................. 713.2.1 <strong>W<strong>in</strong>d</strong> <strong>Erosion</strong> Equation (WEQ)........................................................................ 713.2.2 Revised <strong>W<strong>in</strong>d</strong> <strong>Erosion</strong> Equation (RWEQ) ....................................................... 733.2.3 <strong>W<strong>in</strong>d</strong> <strong>Erosion</strong> Prediction System (WEPS) ....................................................... 743.2.4 Texas <strong>Erosion</strong> Analysis Model (TEAM).......................................................... 773.2.5 <strong>W<strong>in</strong>d</strong> <strong>Erosion</strong> Stochastic Simulator (WESS) ................................................... 803.3 Local to Regional Scale Models ................................................................................. 813.3.1 <strong>W<strong>in</strong>d</strong> <strong>Erosion</strong> on European Light Soils (WEELS)........................................... 813.3.2 <strong>W<strong>in</strong>d</strong> <strong>Erosion</strong> Assessment Model (WEAM) .................................................... 833.3.3 Integrated <strong>W<strong>in</strong>d</strong> <strong>Erosion</strong> Modell<strong>in</strong>g System (IWEMS) ................................... 853.4 Cont<strong>in</strong>ental to Global Scale Models ........................................................................... 863.4.1 Dust Production Model (DPM) ........................................................................ 873.4.2 Dust Entra<strong>in</strong>ment and Deposition Model (DEAD) .......................................... 893.4.3 Other Global Dust Models................................................................................ 913.5 Synthesis and Discussion............................................................................................ 923.5.1 Reliability of Control Representations ............................................................. 933.5.2 Data Availability............................................................................................... 943.5.3 Up-scal<strong>in</strong>g Models and Sub-Grid Scale Heterogeneity.................................... 953.5.4 Validation of Regional to Global Scale Models............................................... 953.6 Summary..................................................................................................................... 96x
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