Management

Innovators in microfluidic solutionsWelcomeI am pleased to welcome you to our very first microfluidics guide, featuring a general introduction tomicrofluidics as well as over 150 of our innovative products including the Mitos P-Pump, Micro DropletSystems and Multiflux, our new range of microfluidic connectors and interfaces.Microfluidics, also known as ‘lab-on-a-chip’, is an emerging technology that is changing the future ofscientific instruments. Microfluidics is essential for anyone who works with very small quantities of fluidsand needs to handle, measure or analyse them. We are continually surprised by the breadth of applicationsto which microfluidics can be applied, and we work with a range of industries including pharmaceutical,pertrochemical, food science, printing, clinical diagnostics and emulsion generation. We have even doneseveral projects with applications in the fashion industry!The Dolomite standard product range provides an excellent way for researchers to evaluate the capabilitiesof microfluidics in their field. However, at Dolomite, it is not just our expertise in microfluidics and fabricationthat puts us ahead of the competition. We also offer extensive experience in designing and developingcustomized microfluidic devices, such as chips, connectors and pumps, helping customers with solutionstailored to their microfluidic objectives.Most importantly, Dolomite also recognises that the true potential of microfluidics can only be unleashedwhen it is considered as part of a holistic system. As a result, we offer systems integration expertiseutilising the full range of engineering skills from mechanical and electronic design through to firmwareand software development. Dolomite can therefore provide a full turnkey service from preliminaryconcepts through to full product design, followed by manufacture, supply and support of your instrumentsin the field.With our passion for innovation and clear customer focus, we can help you turn your ideas into reality!Andrew Lovatt, CEOMark GilliganExecutive ChairmanLee JeffriesHead of OperationsAndrew LovattCEOChristina BayerHead of MarketingRichard GrayHead of SalesPaul CrispHead of Product DesignPhil HomewoodHead of MicroengineeringManagementwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com3

HistoryDolomite has its roots in Syrris, which was founded in 2001 by Mark Gilligan and Richard Gray to address thechallenges faced by the pharmaceutical industry. While Syrris focuses on flow chemistry and microreactors,Dolomite was set up as a subsidiary to provide microfluidic solutions to customers around the world in a verywide range of applications outside the field of research chemistry.In 2006, Dolomite won funding from the UK Department of Trade and Industry’s Micro and NanotechnologyManufacturing Initiative. This initial £2m funding allowed Dolomite to establish excellent micro-fabricationfacilities which include cleanrooms, high precision glass processing facilities and application laboratories.In addition to this, Dolomite has attracted top quality engineering staff with backgrounds in mechanicalengineering and micro-fabrication.Today, Dolomite is the world leader in solving microfluidic problems offering standard devices as well ascustom solutions and bespoke instruments. Our clients range from manufacturers of clinical diagnosticssystems to universities developing leading edge analytical equipment.We are innovators in microfluidic solutions. Since 2005 we have launched over 150 leading edge productsincluding the Mitos P-Pump and Micro Droplet Systems, and are proud to be the home of the world’s firstmicrofluidic connector which allows fast and reliable multi-way connection between microfluidic chips andtubing.Dolomite is pushing the boundaries of microfluidic technology. Our service offering is unique combiningunmatched technical resources with unrivalled expertise and a strong commitment to excellence helping ourcustomers to solve their microfluidic problems in the most efficient and cost-effective way.Whatever your microfluidic needs,Dolomite is the right partner with the right expertise!Let us help you face today’s challengesand create tomorrow’s products!4

Innovators in microfluidic solutions2005200520062006£2m funding to establishexcellent microfabricationfacilitiesThe Dolomite Centrethe world’s first microfluidicapplication centre2006launch of the world’sfirst microfluidicconnectornew headquartersoffice building inRoyston, UKJul 20082008opening ofDolomite USOct 2008launch of firstmulti-layermicrofluidic chipSep 2008launch of theMitos Syringe Pumpopening ofDolomite JapanApr 2009first disposablepolymer microfluidicdevicesJan 2010launch of Emerald’sPlugMaker TM(bespoke instrument)Sep 2010launch of theMitos Sensor Units2009launch of theDroplet JunctionChipsNov 2009launch of theMitos P-PumpJul 2010launch of the MicroDroplet SystemsSep 2010launch of themicrofluidicweb shopwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com5

Innovators in microfluidic solutionsInnovators in microfluidic solutionsWe have always pushed the boundaries of traditional manufacturing processesand worked with customers around the world to develop innovative solutions totheir exacting needs.At Dolomite we understand and exploit the material properties that are importantto work on micro-scales. Our processing capabilities include, among others, worldleading etching and thermal bonding processes, excellent grinding and polishingtechniques, outstanding drilling and dicing procedures, as well as a variety offunctionalised surface coatings and deposited coatings.Dolomite’s key strength lies in offering a complete service to customers fromproblem conceptualisation and feasibility testing through to full instrument designand development.Dolomite has the experience and expertise to turn your ideas into reality. Ourexperienced team of design engineers works with you to understand yourapplication, using 3D CAD and flow modelling tools.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com7

Microfluidics: overviewMicrofluidics, also known as “lab-on-a-chip”, enables the precise control, manipulation andanalysis of fluids in the microliter to picoliter range. Furthermore, it allows the manipulation ofliving matter by mixing, separating and handling different components at microscale.Microfluidic applicationsMicrofluidics is useful to anyone who works with very small amounts of liquids and needs to handle, measureand analyse them. Microfluidic applications include:PharmaceuticalChemical reactionsGeneration of emulsions and foamsProtein crystallisationGenomicsDrug delivery and drug screeningLife scienceClinical diagnosticsCulturing and analysis of cellsDNA analysisBiosensorsChip based capillary electrophoresisIndustrialMicro fuel cell hydrogen generationPrintingEnvironmental testingWater analysisGas chromatographyPetrochemicalModelling fluid flow in porous rockHigh temperature/pressure analysisOil and fuel analysisResearchGeneration of emulsions and foamsChip-based capillary electrophoresis10

Innovators in microfluidic solutionsBenefits of microfluidicsDolomite is pioneering the use of microfluidic devices for small-scale fluid control and analysis, enabling engineersand scientists to take full advantage of the following benefits:• Reduction in sample volume and reagent usage• Improved control of fluid mixing and heating/cooling• Access to a wide range of fluidic geometries• Ability to manipulate small particals, droplets and cells• Rapid mass transfer as a result of high surface-to-volume ratios• Excellent reproducibility and consistency of results due to low Reynolds number• Improved integration of process steps, such as reactions, separations and detectionAs a global leader in the design and manufacture of microfluidic solutions, Dolomite offers significant expertisein microfluidics, including:• Micropumping - displacement, pressure-driven and electro-osmotic flow• Micro droplets - generation of highly monodispersed droplets from Ø 5µm to 250µm;water-in-oil as well as oil-in-water droplets; double emulsions• Multiphase flow - liquid-liquid contacting and micro droplet flow systems• Micromixers - diffusion, chaotic and interdigitated mixers• Separations - capillary electrophoresis and HPLC techniques• Surface coatings - hydrophilic and hydrophobic• Sensors - electrical and opticalwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com11

Microfluidics:micro-fabricationDolomite is pushing the boundaries of microfluidic technology. Our in-house micro-fabricationfacilities which include cleanrooms and precision glass processing facilities allow us toprototype and test all products rapidly which ensures a faster development cycle and reducesthe time to market.Cleanroom technologyCertified to class 1000 of US FED STD 209E (ISO 6 equivalent standard), our cleanrooms offer:• 6” x 6” or 8” diameter wafer processing capability• Environmentally friendly: super clean, ultra-sonic cleaning baths• Thin film metal deposition including chromium, platinum, gold and silver• Collimated UV exposure• Thermal bonding up to 1300ºC• Non-contact substrate-to-substrate alignment to

Innovators in microfluidic solutionsKey production processesWet etching• Etching of glass from 100nm to 500µm depth• Maintaining optical quality surface roughness of Ra 8nm• Maximum etch depth of fused silica: 150µmScale µm0 250 500• Different etch chemistries allow a wide variety of materials to be usedMicro-drilling and dicing• Micro-drilling for a minimum hole size of Ø 150µm• Core-drilling for hole sizes of up to Ø 20.0mm• Ultrasonic machiningThermal bonding• Room temperature bonding for devices with sensitive encapsulatedcompounds/parts• Thermal bonding for devices to withstand over 300bar• Up to 1300ºC heat treatment capabilityGrinding and polishing• Flat polishing to 100µm substrate thickness• Solids processing to create devices with non-standard layer thicknessas well as devices with non-standard shapes and sizesSurface modification• Functionalized hydrophobic & super-hydrophillic coatings• Sputtered metals for electrodes, e.g. platinum, gold and silverWorldwide successDolomite is a global company. We can work with you, wherever you are based. Although the focus of ourdevelopment and manufacturing is in the UK, we have a team of highly trained employees and distributorsthroughout the rest of the world.We know that when it comes to the design and development of new products, good communication andunderstanding is essential.When you work with Dolomite you can be sure that we will be attentive and responsive, ensuring that youreceive the professional level of service that you need to help you grow your business and turn your ideasinto reality.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com13

How to get started1. Introduction to microfluidicsA microfluidic device can be identified by the fact that the channel depth or diameter is in the 1µm to 1mm sizerange. At this scale the fluid behaviour is determined primarily by viscosity and surface tension effects rather thangravity and momentum. The high surface area to volume ratio of microchannels also results in high heat and masstransfer rates.Running experiments with very small channels, for example < 50µm depth can be challenging, in particular if youare new to microfluidics. We would therefore suggest starting off with devices with a channel depth > 100µm toget an understanding of pumping, imaging and filtration requirements.2. Pumping and pressure requirementsVarious pumping methods can be used to pump fluids through microchannels including pressure pumping(Mitos P-Pump) and displacement pumping (Mitos Duo XS-Pump). Before assembling a system it is good ideato check that the pump can supply sufficient pressure to achieve the desired flow rate. The diagram belowshows a typical setup:PumpPressuresensorCollectionreservoirP = Q.R s.µMicrofluidic chipflow resistance R s= ƒ(d,L)Key:P: pressure (bar); R s: flow resistance (mm -3 ); d: pipe internal diameter (mm); L: tube length (mm);Q: flow rate (µl/min); µ: viscosity (cP or mPa.s)The flow resistance of a length of tube (or circular channel) is a function of the internal diameter and length. Forexample a long tube with small internal diameter will give a high flow resistance. Flow resistance can becalculated with the formula below. Flow resistance can then be used to calculate the required pressure whenpumping at a specific flow rate.R s= 6.79 x 10 -9 . L Insert into formula P = Q.R s.µd 4Channel diameter = dChanneldiameterflow resistance oftube or channelrequiredpressurePlease note the correct units must be used as defined above!14

Innovators in microfluidic solutionsChannelheightChannel widthFor isotropically etched channels or rectangular cross-section channels the following equation is a goodapproximation for calculating back pressure:Cross sectional area, A/mm 2 = h(w-2h) + πh 2 /2R s= 1.3 x 10 -9 .(1+(h 2 /A)) 2 .LA.h 2It is also necessary to check that the microfluidic chip and connectors can withstand the pressure that will beapplied by the pump. Our Linear Connectors can operate at up to 30bar (450PSI), which is suitable for mostapplications. For special applications we have designed connectors for glass chips that can operate up to 300bar(4500PSI).If multiple chips are connected in series the pressure required to pump will be higher. The total flow resistance willequal the sum of the flow resistances. In the case where channels are connected in parallel the flow resistance willbe less and may be calculated as follows:1/R TOTAL= 1/R 1+ 1/R 2+ 1/R 3+ ...The standard chips sold by Dolomite have a pressure rating on the datasheet, for example for theT-Junction Chip: Back pressure with 100µl/min flow (water) = 1.5barWe can calculate the flow resistance for the chip using the previous equation for required pressure:P = Q.R s.µ, hence R s= P/(Q.µ) = 1.5/(100 x 0.9) = 0.00173. ViscosityAs highlighted in the equations above the pressure generated when fluid flows through a microfluidic chip isproportional to fluid viscosity.P = Q.R s.µ, hence P α Q.µHigh viscosity liquids will require high pressures when used in microfluidic systems.Some examples of fluid viscosity are listed below:• Water = 0.9cP• Blood (37ºC) = 3-4cP• Mineral oil = 40 - 100cP• Honey = 2,000 – 10,000cPFor example:Back pressure with 100µl/min flow of water (0.9cP) = 1.5barBack pressure with 100µl/min flow of honey (2,000cP) = 3333barwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com15

4. Laminar flowLaminar flow or turbulent flow can occur when a fluid flows along a pipe or channel. In microfluidic systems theflow is typically laminar as a result of the small channel geometry and low flow velocities. This can be confirmedby checking that the Reynolds number is less than 2300.Re = ρ Vd < 2300 for Laminar flowµKey: ρ: Density (kg/m 3 ); V: flow velocity (m/s); d: pipe internal diameter (mm); µ: viscosity (cP or mPa.s)For non-circular pipes the hydraulic diameter should be used in place of ‘d’. For pipes with wide shallow crosssection ‘h’ should be used in place of ‘d’.d = hydraulic diameter = 4*Cross sectional area of pipepipe perimeterPipe or channel wallVelocity profileFluidIn a laminar flow regime particles offluid move in straight lines with a parabolicvelocity flow profile as shown onthe left. The flow velocity at the centreof the tube is approximately twice theaverage flow velocity and the flowvelocity at the wall approaches zero.5. Sample Injection and DispersionFluid samples are often injected into microfluidic systems in a carrier solvent stream. Sample injection can becarried out using the Sample Injection Valve or by aspirating a sample from a vial using a pipe or capillary. Thevelocity flow profile shown above results in axial mixing of samples with the carrier solvents as shown below. Thiseffect is called dispersion.Pipe or Pipe channel or channel wall wallInjected Injected fluid sample fluid sampleCarrier solventConcentration of sampleDistance along channelMicrofluidic systems enable reduction in channel diameter and dead volume. This reduces the effect of dispersionallowing injection of smaller fluid samples.16

Innovators in microfluidic solutions6. MixingWhen two liquid streams are brought together at a T-Junction mixing occurs by diffusion as shown in the picturebelow:Fluid AFluid AFlow directionFluid Fluid B B Channel Channel wall wall Mixing as a result result of diffusion of diffusionAs the fluids flow along the channel from left to right the liquids or solutes will diffuse and mix. This type ofmixing is not very fast, for example the time taken to mix two water solutions in a 100µm diameter channel at21ºC will be around 5 seconds. Reducing the channel diameter will reduce the diffusion distance and hence mixingtime.Diffusional mixing time = F x d 2 /DF = Fourier number (which defines mixing efficiency for a channel)d = Characteristic length (pipe internal diameter)D = Diffusion constant for fluid/solute (Proportional to temperature)To increase the rate of mixing a micromixercan be used. This image shows the static mixergeometry of the Micromixer Chip.Lamination of the two input streams, which canbe seen clearly in the top horizontal channel,reduces diffusion distances and hence reducesmixing time.At high flow rates swirling effects are observed in the mixer and 10 millisecond mixing times are possible.Dolomite can also provide interdigitated mixers that split and recombine flows. These provide benefits at lowReynolds number flows and with high viscosity liquids.7. Surface coatingsThe channel surface in glass microfluidic chips is naturally hydrophilic.This means that water will stick to the surface in preference to oils andorganic solvents. It also means that capillary action will draw water intochannels without the requirement for a pump.Dolomite can also supply glass chips with a hydrophobic surfacecoating. This coating will attract oils and organic solvent in preferenceto water and aqueous solutions. Surface properties of micro-channelsneed to be considered carefully when dealing with two phase flow,droplet microfluidics and flow of biological solutions. Polymer chips arenaturally hydrophobic.Water droplets in an oil carrier streaminside a glass microchannel withhydrophobic coatingwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com17

8. Materials usedDolomite provides devices fabricated in optical glass, fused silica (quartz) or polymers. Glass offers very goodpressure capabilities, excellent chemical resistance and optical properties. These characteristics can be furtherimproved by using quartz.However, for some applications, such as clinical diagnostics where devices need to be disposable, polymerdevices are more suitable than glass devices. Please go to page 100 to learn more about our fabricationprocesses and capabilities.Transmissivityin %1009080706050Transimissivity, %40Optical transmission of glass and quartz3020100200 200 300 400 500 500 600 700 800 800Wavelength in nmWavelength, nmOptical transmissionof glass and quartzGlassQuartzGlassQuartz9. Temperature control and heat transferDolomite supplies a range of Multiflux connectors that can operate up to 150ºC. It is possible to operate above thistemperature but it can result in damage to the seals. Glass and quartz chips can be heated locally to much highertemperatures, for example 500ºC for glass and higher for quartz. When heating locally it is necessary to makesure the connector is kept at 150ºC or below.It is also necessary to avoid high temperature gradients in the chip (< 10ºC/mm) and rapid heating and cooling ofthe chip (< 1ºC/sec). These things cause thermal stresses which can result in chip fracture.The diagram below shows a cross sectional view of a glass chip being heated by a peltier plate or hotplate whichis in contact with the lower surface of the chip.two layer glass chipAΔTQXPeltier18

Innovators in microfluidic solutionsThe heat flows through the lower glass layer of the chip and heats the fluid in the microchannel. For thick glasslayers (2mm) and shallow channel depths (100µm) the rate of heat transfer is primarily determined by thethermal conductivity of the glass layer and the heat transfer coefficient from the channel surface into the fluidcan be ignored.As a result the heat transfer equation is simplified as follows:Q/(A.ΔT) = k/XQ = Heat flowk = Thermal conductivity of glass (1.0W/m.K)A = Area of chip perpendicular to heat flux (A = channel pitch x channel length)X = Glass layer thicknessΔT = temperature differenceThis equation assumes that no heat is lost through the top surface or sides of the chip. The following equation hasbeen derived to estimate the temperature of the fluid at any point along a microchannel:T FLUID= T PELTIER- ΔT.e -(k.A/X.m.C)m = mass flow rateC = heat capacity of fluidThe graph below shows the theoretical results for water flowing through a T-Junction Chip which is being heatedon a Hotplate at 200ºC:Temperature,in ºC200150100µl/min100250µl/min500µl/min501000µl/min00 50 100 150 200 250 300Distance along channel, in mmAs shown, the point at which the fluid reaches the maximum temperature is determined by the fluid flow rate.In practice there will be some heat losses through the top surface of the chip which will result in a reduction inmaximum fluid temperature.Please note that the equations above do not apply to thin layer chips!www.dolomite-microfluidics.com19

Products and servicesDolomite is regarded by many as a “centre of excellence” for the design, prototyping andmanufacture of microfluidic solutions. By pioneering new technologies and the use ofmicrofluidic devices for small-scale fluid control and analysis we have enabled customersaround the world to develop more compact, cost-effective and powerful instruments.Dolomite’s standard components include microfluidic chips, pumps, valves andconnectors, as well as the Mirco Droplet Systems allowing users to generatedroplets and emulsions >> see page 22Dolomite works with customers around the world to design, develop andmanufacture a variety of versatile, complex and cutting edge custom devices>> see page 100 for more informationOur key strength lies in offering a complete service to customers from problemconceptualization and feasibility testing through to full instrument designincluding turnkey solutions and fully automated systems >> see page 10820

Innovators in microfluidic solutionsstandardsolutionscustomdevicesolutionsproductizingsciencewww.dolomite-microfluidics.com21

StandardComponent SolutionsAs your one-stop shop for microfluidic solutions, Dolomite provides everything you needwhen working with microfluidic systems and devices. Our standard microfluidic componentsare designed for performance, ease of use and user flexibility.Our standard components can be used to build both simple and complex systems, helping customerswho take their first steps with microfluidics as well as experienced researchers and product designers.Connecting and using microfluidic devices presents many challenges, so take advantage of our experienceand expertise to help you get it right first time.ContentsMicrofluidic Chips 24Multiflux Connectors 38Microfluidic Pumps 62Microfluidic Sensors 80Microfluidic Valves 84Temperature Control 88Flow Accessories 90Optical Systems 9222

Innovators in microfluidic solutionsLeading the way in microfluidic applicationsIntegratedsystemsSoftware andcontrolMicrofluidicdetectorsMicrofluidic pumpsand valvesMicrofluidic connectorsand interfacesMicrofluidicchipswww.dolomite-microfluidics.com23

Microfluidic ChipsDolomite offers off-the-shelf microfluidic chips to help customers evaluatemicrofluidic concepts quickly and easily.Fabricated to the highest quality standards in glass or quartz, our microfluidic chipsare particularly suitable for applications where reusability, chemical compatibility,optical transparency and thermal characteristics are important, such as DNA analysisand droplet generation.Dolomite provides a wide range of microfluidic chips with different junction geometries,channel sizes and surface properties. Our microfluidic chips have excellent opticaltransparency and offer an outstanding chemical resistance allowing a broad range ofsolvents and chemicals to be used.If our standard chips do not meet your requirements, we offer custom solutionsincluding a variety of surface coatings, multiple layers, different channel size andjunction geometry.Contents10 Reasons 26Droplet Generation 28Microreactors 32T-Junction 34Y-Junction 35Micromixers 36Custom options 3724

standard component solutionsWhich chip is right for me?The following table shows a comparison of the main features of our microfluidic chips to help you make theright decision:Chip type Main application Connector MaterialEtching(isotropic)Footprint(length x width)Droplet JunctionChipDroplet generationLinear Connector 4-way,Chip Interface Hglass orquartzdoubleetched22.5mm x 15mmDropletGeneration ChipDroplet generation withmultiple input streamsCircular Connectorglass orquartz*doubleetched45mm x 15mmMicroreactor ChipMicroreactions and flowchemistryReactor Chip Holderglass orquartz*double andsingle etched90mm x28/45mmLong Channel ChipGas-liquid and liquid-liquidmicroreactionsLinear Connector 4-wayglass orquartz*singleetched90mm x 15mmT-Junction ChipDroplet generation andconfocal microscopyLinear Connector 4-wayglass orquartzdoubleetched45mm x 15mmY-Junction ChipLiquid contacting anddiffusion studiesLinear Connector 4-way,Chip Interface Hglass orquartz*singleetched22.5mm x 15mmMicromixer ChipMicromixing and fastreactionsLinear Connector 4-wayglass orquartz*two etchdepths50mm x 15mm* special ordersingle etched channeldouble etched channelChannel depth =100 channel µmdepthchanneldepthChannel width = 205 µmchannel widthchannel widthwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com25

10 Reasons... to choose Dolomite’s microfluidic chips1. AccuracyAccurate channel geometry with typical tolerances of +/-1μm on width.2. Channel surfaceExtremely smooth, polished channel surface with a roughness of less than 5nm.3. World leading thermal bondingUnique thermal bonding technology that does not rely on adhesives.4. Temperature rangeWide temperature range with some experiments running at up to 500°C.5. Pressure rangeWide pressure range, 300bar (4400psi) has been achieved with custom connectors.6. Easy connectionAll microfluidic chips are compatible with our range of Multiflux Connectors and Interfaces.7. Channel geometry and depthAccess to a wide variety of fluid geometries including channels with circular crosssection, pillar arrays, and micromixers. Wide range of channel depths from 100nm up to 1mm.8. Time-efficient solutionFast prototyping of devices, typically 4 weeks from design approval.9. Chemical compatibilityOutstanding chemical resistance and biocompatibility.10. Materials usedExcellent access for optics, including thin layers (100 microns) for confocal microscopy andquartz (fused silica) glass for UV transmission.Looking for something else?Our microfluidic chips can be customized in a number of ways including different material, surface coating,channel size or junction geometry. Please contact us to discuss your requirements or go to page 37 to find outmore about custom options.26

standard component solutionsBenefits of glassScale µm0 250 500A typical channel geometry from Dolomite. Using polished material, themicrofluidic channels have been created via the wet-etching process (seepage 102 for more details). The microfluidic chip features two channelsaligned on top of each other. The channels are very smooth and there arelittle or no defects on the edge of the channels. By using the wet-etchingprocess, we are able to create complex channel geometries and smoothchannels regardless of etch depths, e.g. 100nm to 1mm deep.Ø 180µmThis picture shows a microfluidic chip where powder-blasting has beenused to create the channel.Ø 60µmØ 50µmThese two pictures are examples for unpolished borosilicate material withwet-etched channels. The channels are not very smooth and there arecracks and defects along the edge of the channels. (untypical for channelgeometries from Dolomite)As world leader in microfluidic solutions, Dolomite is unique in the design and manufacture of glass microfluidicchips with a variety of channel depths. All our microfluidic chips are fabricated to the highest quality standardsusing the wet-etching process which allows us to create perfect circular and smooth channels. However, ifrequired, we can also use powder-blasting to create microfluidic channels.Characteristics Glass PolymerOptical properties Excellent GoodMechanical properties Very good OkChemical compatibility Excellent Mostly poorThermal characteristics Very good PoorCost effectiveness Excellent for prototyping; ok for high volume Poor for prototyping; excellent for high volumeSurface coatings available Very good, hydrophilic and hydrophobic OkReusability Very good Generally disposableDurability Very good OkDesign flexibilityVery goodOk, but high tooling costs prevent multiplereiterative designswww.dolomite-microfluidics.com27

Droplet GenerationMicro droplet production is a fascinating and rapidly growing area of research.Dolomite offers a wide range of Droplet Junction Chips with different junction geometries,channel sizes and surface properties enabling users to produce more than 10,000*monodispersed droplets per second.Easy to use, all of Dolomite’s Droplet Chips have excellent optical transparency for clear imaging of droplets.Advanced hydrophobic coating treatments enable water-in-oil droplets to be generated as well as oil-in-waterdroplets formed in untreated chips.Droplet Junction ChipsThe Droplet Junction Chips offer excellent chemical resistance allowing a broad range of solvents andchemicals to be used. The chips feature two separate droplet junctions, a T- and X-Junction as shown below.T-JunctionX-JunctionFeatures and benefits:• Easy to use• Wide range of droplet production rates from 1 to more than 10,000* droplets per second• Extremely consistent droplet size• Straight-through path for droplets• Excellent visibility• Excellent chemical compatibility• Wide temperature and pressure range• Compatible with the Chip Interface H (Part No. 3000155) for fluidic connection* depending on chemicals used28

standard component solutionsH 2O (Aqueous) dropletsOil (Organic) dropletsHydrophobic channels enabling thecreation of aqueous dropletsHydrophilic channels enabling thecreation of organic dropletsOperating over a wide temperature and pressure range (up to 30bar), the Droplet Junction Chips enable theproduction of more than 10,000* droplets per second with a diameter of 10 – 150μm (when using the DropletJunction Chips with a channel depth of 100μm) and 80 - 300μm (when using the Droplet Junction Chips with achannel depth of 190μm).The Droplet Junction Chip is also available with a headerfor ejection of droplets into a bulk liquid. This is useful forgeneration of emulsions since it reduces the likelihoodof droplet coalescence, which can be an issue with somefluids on transfer from chip to tubing.Droplets can be collected using the Droplet CollectionModule (Part No. 3200112), a flat-sided quartz vesselwhich enables optical analysis or UV curing of dropletsimmediately after formation. Please go to page 94 toread more about our Micro Droplet Systems andaccessories.TechnicaldetailsPart No.300015830003013200089320009032001303200131300043630004373200091320009232001323200133Etch depth 100μm 190μmHydrophilicsurfaceHydrophobicsurfacecoatingT-Junctionchannel formatX-Junctionchannel formatInterfaceincludedx x x x x xx x x x x x2 inputs and 1 output3 inputs and 1 outputNo Yes No Yes NoMaterial Glass Quartz Glass Quartzwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com29

Droplet Generation ChipsQuick and easy to connect and disconnect, the Droplet Generation Chips are glass devicesdesigned for generating droplets made up of one, two or three reagents as shown below.Available in a channel depth of 50μm and 100μm, the Droplet Generation Chip is supplied with a location pinthat allows connection to the Circular Connector (Part No. 3000051).The standard channel surface of the Droplet Generation Chip is hydrophilic enabling the generation of organicdroplets in an aqueous carrier phase. To form aqueous droplets in an organic phase, a hydrophobic coating canbe provided.The Droplet Generation Chips benefit a wide range of applications including the generation of monodisperseddroplets, emulsions and Janus particles as shown in the picture above.Features and benefits:• Extremely high droplet production rate• Extremely consistent droplet size• Automatic alignment of connections• Excellent visibility• Available with hydrophobic and hydrophilic coating• Excellent chemical compatibility• Wide temperature and pressure range• Requires a Circular Connector (Part No. 3000051)30

standard component solutionsDroplet Generation Chip connected to the Circular Connector (Part No. 3000051)Droplet generationThe Droplet Generation Chip provides 4 inputs and 2 outputswhich can be used in various combinations to generatedroplets. Channels which are not needed can be blocked usinga PTFE Plug (Part No. 3000056).The size, consistency, and production rate of droplet formationalso depend on the viscosity and surface tension of the fluidsused, the presence of surfactants, miscibility of the fluids,surface coating of the channel walls as well as the flow rate.Please go to page 94 to read more about our range of MicroDroplet Systems.Part No.3000048 3000211 3200123Technical detailsEtch depth 50μm 100μmSurface coating Hydrophilic HydrophobicNumber of inputs 4Number of outputs 2Operating pressureup to 20barwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com31

MicroreactorsMicroreactor ChipsThe Microreactor Chip is a glass device designed for the mixing and reaction of two orthree liquid reagent streams enabling the fast and efficient processing of chemicals fortesting and analysis.The Microreactor Chips benefit a wide range of applications including drug discovery and compoundsynthesis, by greatly accelerating their research and allowing scientists to achieve more reproducible results.Although each chip is only 28mm x 90mm in size, it offers between 1.8m and 2.5m of reaction channel aswell as excellent access for optics.Supplied with a chip holder, the MicroreactorChip operates over a wide temperature andpressure range and offers excellent chemicalresistance allowing a broad range of solventsand chemicals to be used.The Microreactor Chip can be used with anadditional Reactor Chip Header (Part No.3000261) for quick connection to 1/16tubing.Microreactor Chip in holder with Reactor Chip HeaderIf you are looking for a fully automatedMicroreactor System, please visit the websiteof our parent company Syrriswww.syrris.com.Other accessories include the Chip Header FFKM Seal (Part No. 3000262) creating a seal between theMicroreactor Chip and the input/output tubes, and the Chip Header Blanking Plug (Part No. 3000263) whichinserts into the Reactor Chip Header in place of an input tube to seal off inputs to the chip. Thus, a 3-input chipcould be used with only 1 or 2 inputs and a 2-input chip could be used with just 1 input.Part No.3000278 3000279 3000280 3000281 3200046 3000077Technical detailsReaction volume 62.5µl 250µl 1mlNumber of inputs 2 3 2 3 2 3Number of outputs 1Mixing time 6 seconds 10 secondsOperating pressureMax. operatingtemperatureup to 30bar150°C32

standard component solutionsFluid mixing in a 1ml Microreactor Chip62.5μl Microreactor Chip with metal coatingLong Channel Chip3200062Designed for a range of applications, this glass device provides an easy-to-use solution for contactingimmiscible fluids, mixing, microreactions and droplet formation. The chip is supplied with a chip interface thatallows quick connection to the Linear Connector 4-way (Part No. 3000024).The Long Channel Chip features an extremely smooth channel surface and offers excellent chemicalcompatibility as well as excellent access for optics. Its long serpentine channel provides a large surface forgas-liquid contacting.Features and benefits:• Channel length after Y-Junction: 5000mm(feed channels = 8mm)• Volume of channel after Y-Junction: 90μl• Wide temperature range up to 150°C• Operating pressure: up to 30bar• High visibility (excellent access for optics)• Extremely smooth channel surfacewww.dolomite-microfluidics.com33

T-JunctionT-Junction ChipsAvailable in different surface coatings, the T-Junction Chips allow mixing of two fluidsand benefit various applications including microreactions, confocal microscopy anddroplet formation.All T-Junction Chips are supplied with a chip interface as shown in the picture below to allow a quickconnection to the Linear Connector 4-way (Part No. 3000024).Features and benefits:• Low dead volume• Wide temperature range up to 150°C• Operating pressure: up to 30bar• 2 inputs and 1 output• Excellent chemical compatibility• High visibility - excellent access for optics• Extremely smooth channel surface• Small footprint• Chip size 45mm x 15mm• Thickness of layers: top layer 2mm, base layer 2mm• 100µm channel depthDolomite also offers a thin T-Junction Chip (Part No. 3000086) featuring an ultra thin 150µm base layer forhigh magnification microscopy applications as well as T-Junction Chips with a diced end (Part Nos. 3200014and 3200114) ideal for the ejection of droplets into bulk liquid without disruptions to the flow. Please turn topage 98 to find out more about our Droplet Collection Module (Part No. 3200112).Part No.3000014 3000086 3000089 3000141 3000453 3200014 3200114Technical detailsDiced end X XHydrophilic surface X X XHydrophobic coating X XPlatinum coatingXMaterial Glass Quartz GlassUltra thin base layerX34

standard component solutionsY-JunctionY-Junction Chip3200008Dolomite’s Y-Junction Chip is a glass microfluidic device designed for a range of applications including liquidliquidcontacting, diffusion studies and two straight channels for observation of microchannel flow.Quick and easy to connect and disconnect, the Y-Junction Chip can be used with the Chip Interface H (Part No.3000155) and two Linear Connectors 4-way (Part No. 3000024) as shown in the picture above.Features and benefits:0.5μl/min• Extremely smooth channel surface• Operating pressure: up to 30bar• Max. temperature: 150°C• Excellent chemical compatibility5.0μl/minInside the parallel flow area the different diffusion rates canbe accurately controlled. The pictures above show aqueousaqueousdiffusive flow over a range of flow rates, using theMitos Duo-XS Pump (Part No. 3200057).• High visibility - excellent access for optics• Compact design• 4 inputs and 4 outputswww.dolomite-microfluidics.com35

MicromixersMicromixer Chip3000144This glass microfluidic device is designed for millisecond mixing of up to 3 fluid streams (up to 5 when using bothchannels). Fast mixing times are needed for applications including reaction kinetics, sample dilution, improvingreaction selectivity, rapid crystallization and nanoparticle synthesis.The Micromixer Chip features two independent channels allowing extremely rapid mixing across a range of flowrates and two interfaces enabling quick and easy connection to the Linear Connector 4-way (Part No. 3000024).Features and benefits:• Extremely rapid mixing across a range of flow rates• Low dead volume• High visibility - excellent access for optics• Quick to connect and disconnect• Wide temperature and pressure range• Excellent chemical compatibility• Optional holder for quick connection to fluid tubing36

standard component solutionsCustom optionsOur microfluidic chips can be customized in the following ways:• Wide range of channel depths: from 100nm to 1mm• Wide range of channel widths: from 3µm to any width required• Variety of surface coatings can be applied, such as hydrophobic• Metal layers can be deposited on the inside surface of the channels, e.g. platinum and gold layers• Wide range of special features including embedded RTDs, sensors, mirrors and electrodes• Custom channel layouts can also be specified• Polymer chips can be created as an alternative to glass fabrication• Complex chips can be fabricated in very short lead times as little as 4 weeksDolomite works with customers around the world to develop a variety of versatile, complex and cutting edgecustom devices. Our experienced team of design engineers works with you to understand your applicationproviding first class solutions tailored to fit in with your existing products and systems.Please contact us to discuss your exact requirements or turn to page 100 to find out more about our customdevices and bespoke solutions.Recent examples of our custom devices include:• Dual Droplet Generation Chip allowing the generation of 3-reagent droplets on 2 separatejunctions with 8 fluidic inputs and 2 outputs• Cell Sorting Chip with over 2 million integrated electrode features• Quartz Capillary Electrophoresis Chip (footprint 160mm x 40mm) which provided 150mm of straightseparation channels• 1ml Microreactor Chip with 3 layers etched to 300μm deep per layer• Quartz Flow Cell with a 500μm wide and 300μm deep channel for detection of bacteriawww.dolomite-microfluidics.com37

Multiflux ConnectorsFluidic systems for manipulation, analysis, control and production of small amountsof material are becoming increasingly sophisticated. This trend is accelerating withevery new microfluidic development.At present, most connectors allow the connection of only one fluid tube to a microfluidic systemat a time. Furthermore, connecting microfluidic devices to macro-scale systems presents manychallenges. If these are not addressed well, the benefits of working within the microfluidic regimemay be compromised.Multiflux is Dolomite’s solution to these problems. Multiflux is our new range of microfluidicconnectors and interfaces which enable the fast and easy integration of microfluidic devices intonew and existing systems. Our Multiflux components provide a simple, fast and cost-effectivesolution.• Easy to use: no tools are required• Quick solution: a reliable leak-free connection can be made in seconds• Multi-way connection: interconnection of many tubes at once in a high density format• Simple and robust: tube-to-chip and tube-to-tube connectionsContentsMultiflux 4010 Reasons 44Connection to the edge of microfluidic chips 46Connection to the surface of microfluidic chips 49Connection between two sets of tubing 50Resealable Chip Interface 52Resealable Chips 54Other interfaces and accessories 56Custom option 57How to design Multiflux compatible devices 5838

standard component solutionsExamples of Multiflux Connectorsand Multiflux Compatible Interfaceswww.dolomite-microfluidics.com39

MultifluxMultiflux is Dolomite’s unique and flexible range of microfluidic connectors and MultifluxCompatible Interfaces allowing users to integrate their microfluidic devices into new and existingsystems by creating fast and reliable multi-way fluidic connections between pumps, valves andother fluidic modules.Multiflux ConnectorsDolomite’s Multiflux Connectors enable the fast and easy integration of microfluidic devices into new andexisting systems by providing a fluidic device with several fluid input and output ports. Their unique andcompact design facilitates reliable and efficient connection between:• microfluidic chips and 0.8mm O.D. tubing,• microfluidic chips and 1.6mm O.D. tubing, or• two bundles of tubing.Circular Connector3000051The Circular Connector allows fast connection of up to eight microfluidic channels to the surface of microfluidicchips. Quick and easy to use, the connector works with chips that are 2mm to 4mm thick and 12mm wide andhave an alignment pin in place. Its compact design enables it to be placed anywhere on a microfluidic chip.The Circular Connector can also be used with the Circular In-line Interface (Part No. 3200142) to provide in-linesealing and highly accurate alignment of two sets of tubing.Features and benefits:• Ports: 8• Chip thickness: 2mm - 4mm• Operation pressure: 20bar• Operation temperature: -15°C to 150°C• Excellent chemical compatibility• Material: PEEK and perfluoroelastomerThe Circular Connector can also be used with your own microfluidic devices. Please turn to page 60 to learnmore about the geometry of the connector and the required features of the microfluidic chip, such as thealignment pin.40

standard component solutionsLinear ConnectorAvailable in 6 standard sizes, the Linear Connector offers ports for fluidic connections benefiting a broad rangeof industries including diagnostics, DNA analysis and drug development.The Linear Connector allows fast and reliable multi-way connection between Dolomite chips and hard walltubing or in-line sealing and accurate alignment of two sets of tubing. As well as connecting to holes on the topsurface of the chip, the Linear Connector can connect directly to the micro-channels that pass out through theedge of the chip.When connecting to the edge of the chip, the Linear Connector allows customers to improve the fluid flow in theirmicrofluidic system as the fluid paths are straight-in rather than perpendicular providing a smooth linear pathway.Operating over a wide pressure range of up to 30bar, the connector offers excellent chemical compatibilityallowing a wide range of solvents and chemicals to be used.Linear Connector 12-way (Part No. 3000067) connected to a custom microfluidic chip with Chip Edge InterfacePart No.3000024 3200148 3000102 3000067 3200149 3200150Technical detailsNumber of ports 4 7 8 12 15 23Operating pressure30barOperating temperature -15°C up to 150°CTube OD 1.6mm 0.8mm 1.6mm 0.8mmChip thickness4mmChip width 15mm 30mm 45mmMaterialPTFE and perfluoroelastomerwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com41

Multiflux Compatible InterfacesSuccessful connections between microfluidic chips and tubing or two bundles of tubing require both aMultiflux Connector and Multiflux Compatible Interface. Dolomite provides a wide range of MultifluxCompatible Interfaces including Chip Edge Interfaces, Chip Surface Interfaces, In-line Interfaces and theResealable Chip Interface as shown on page 43.MultifluxConnectorMultifluxCompatible InterfaceMicrofluidicSystemMultiflux Compatible Interfaces securely hold the microfluidic chip in position allowing accurate micro-channelto micro-channel alignment between the microfluidic chip and Multiflux Connector gasket without disruptionsto the fluid flow.Quick and easy to use, all Multiflux Compatible Interfaces operate over a wide temperature and pressure rangeand offer excellent chemical resistance. They can also be used with custom chips and interfaces as describedon page 57.Multiflux compatibility chartConnectorLinearConnector4-wayLinearConnector7-wayLinearConnector8-wayLinearConnector12-wayLinearConnector15-wayLinearConnector23-wayCircularConnectorInterfacePart No.30000243200148300010230000673200149322001503000051Chip Interface C 3000038 x x x x x xChip Interface H 3000155 x x x x x xDouble Chip 3200088Interface Hx x x x x xTop Interface 3000109 o x x x x xTop Interface 3000237 o x x x x xTop Interface 3000427 x x x x o xTop Interface 3000531 x x x o x xLinear In-line 3000395Interfaceo x x x x xLinear In-line 3000316InterfaceLinear In-line 3000430InterfaceCircular In-line 3200142InterfaceResealable Chip 3000305InterfaceStandard chips supplied witha Chip Edge Interfacex x x o x xx x x x o xx x x x x xx x x x x xx x x x x xCircular Connector Interface x x x x x x= ideally suited, o = suited, x = not suited42

standard component solutionsChip Edge Interface 4- to 23-wayChip Surface Interface 4- to 23-wayOperating over a wide pressure and temperaturerange, the Chip Edge Interfaces enable a fast,reliable and efficient connection between the edgeof microfluidic chips and tubing.see page 46Dolomite’s Chip Surface Interfaces allow users tocreate a fast and reliable fluidic connections to thesurface of microfluidic chips.see page 49In-line Interface 4- to 23-wayResealable Chip InterfaceQuick and easy to use, the In-line Interfacesfacilitate an in-line sealing and accurate alignmentbetween two sets of tubing, enabling uninterruptedliquid flow.see page 50The Resealable Chip Interface can be used withmicrofluidic chips that can be opened and resealed.The holder clamps the layers together providingeight fluidic and eight electrical connections to themicrofluidic chip.see page 52www.dolomite-microfluidics.com43

10 Reasons... to choose Dolomite’s Multiflux Connectors1. Compact solutionOur connectors and interfaces are very compact and use up less surface area on a chip incomparison to other solutions. This allows smaller and hence lower cost chips to be designed.2. Easy to useConnection and disconnection is as easy as connecting a monitor cable to your computer andreplacement of the tubing in a connector takes seconds.3. Flexible solutionOur connectors are very flexible, they can be positioned on the edge of a chip or on the topsurface of a chip. They also allow chip-to-chip connection.4. Low profileConnecting to the edge of a chip provides a very low profile solution which is useful wherespace is at a premium.5. Low dead volumeIn the connector the tubing is butted up against the surface of the chip resulting in very lowdead volume.6. Accurate alignmentOur microfluidic connectors accurately align connection tubing with channels or drilled fluidports on the chip.7. ReusableAll of our connectors and interfaces can be used over and over again with multiple chips.8. Chemical compatibilityAll the materials used for the connectors and interfaces are resistant to a wide range of chemicalsincluding organic solvents, acids and bases.9. Wide operating temperature rangeThe seal material has a very wide operating temperature range from -15°C to 150°C.10. Wide operating pressure rangeOur standard connectors seal up to 30bar pressure and also provide a gas tight seal with a vacuum.Looking for something else?Please contact us to discuss your requirements or go to page 100 to find out more about our custom devicesand bespoke instrument solutions.44

standard component solutionswww.dolomite-microfluidics.com45

Connection to the edgeof microfluidic chipsUsing the Multiflux Linear Connector together with a Chip Edge Interface allows users to createa fast and reliable fluidic connection to the edge of microfluidic chips.Linear ConnectorChip Edge InterfaceChip Edge InterfacesQuick and easy to use, all Chip Edge Interfaces offer excellent access for optics and excellent chemicalresistance allowing a broad range of solvents and chemicals to be used. Some of our standard chips aresupplied with a Chip Edge Interface which facilitates the fast and easy connection to the Linear Connector4-way (Part No. 3000024). Please see page 41 for more information.Chip Interface H3000155The Chip Interface H works in conjunction with two Linear Connectors 4-way (Part No. 3000024), providingeight fluidic connections to a glass microfluidic chip.Compatible with chips of dimensions 22.5mm x 15.0mm x 4.0mm, such as Dolomite’s Droplet Junction Chips(Part Nos. 3000158, 3000301, 3000436 and 3000437), the Chip Interface H provides a fast and reliableconnection to 1.6mm tubing.Features and benefits:• Number of ports: 8• Operation pressure: up to 30bar• Operation temperature: -15°C to 150°C• Excellent chemical compatibility46

standard component solutionsChip Interface C3000038Designed for use with the Linear Connector 4-way (Part No. 3000024) and up to two 1/4 - 28 threaded fittings,the compact Chip Interface C provides fast and reliable fluidic connection to microfluidic chips that are 4mmthick and have a footprint of 15mm x 7mm.Features and benefits:• Number of ports: 6• Small footprint• Operation pressure: up to 30bar• Operation temperature: -15°C to 150°C• Enables use of small, low cost chips• Two variable tube connections (I.D. and O.D.)Double Chip Interface H3200088The Double Chip Interface H allows direct interfacing of two microfluidic chips with accurate micro-channelto micro-channel connection via a precision perfluoroelastomer gasket. Once aligned the connection providesminimal disruption to the fluid flow.Designed for use with the Linear Connector 4-way (Part No. 3000024), the Double Chip Interface H provideseight fluidic connections to 1.6mm OD tubing and is compatible with Dolomite’s Droplet Junction Chips (PartNos. 3000158, 3000301, 3000436 and 3000437).Features and benefits:• Chip footprint: 4mm x 15mm x 22.5mm• Ports: 4 interface ports and 8 tubing ports• Operation pressure: 10bar• Operation temperature of seals and gasket: -15°C to 150°C• Enables microfluidic paths with different surface treatmentsto be created• Excellent chemical compatibilitywww.dolomite-microfluidics.com47

Double Chip Interface H (Part No. 3200088) with two Linear Connectors 4-way (Part No. 3000024) and Droplet Junction ChipsDouble emulsionsOne key application of the Double Chip Interface H is the generation ofdouble emulsions. Double emulsions have many important applicationsin nutrition, cosmetics and the pharmaceutical industry, for exampleallowing an active ingredient or a cell to be enclosed inside a protectiveouter shell.Creating a double emulsion requires both hydrophobic and hydrophilicsurfaces in different parts of the system, which in a single device canbe complex and expensive to achieve. Dolomite’s Double Chip InterfaceH provides a simple, time efficient and cost-effective solution. It allowsdirect coupling of a hydrophobic chip and a hydrophilic chip enablinggeneration of both water-oil-water and oil-water-oil droplets.The key for consistent droplet formation is a pump with a smooth andstable output. For more information on such devices please see ourrange of Micro Droplet Systems on page 94.48

standard component solutionsConnection to the surfaceof microfluidic chipsDolomite’s range of Top Interfaces allows users to create reliable fluidic connections tothe surface of microfluidic chips.Multiflux ConnectorChip Surface InterfaceTop InterfacesDolomite’s Top Interfaces work in conjunction with the LinearConnectors (Part Nos. 3000024, 3000067 and 3000102) toprovide a fluidic connection between the top surface of glassmicrofluidic chips and 1.6mm tubing.Available in 3 standard sizes, the Top Interfaces operate overa wide temperature and pressure range and offer excellentchemical resistance allowing a broad range of solvents andchemicals to be used.Technical detailsPart No.3000109 3000237 3000427 3000531Chip thickness 4mm 2.15mm 4mmChip width 15mm 15mm 45mm 30mmNumber of ports 4 4 12 8Max. operating pressure30barOperating temperature -15°C to 150°CConnection tubing materialPEEK, FEP, PTFEConnector material Aluminium, stainless steel 316Dead volume< 0.3µl per portwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com49

Connection betweentwo sets of tubingDolomite’s In-line Interfaces provide a single, fast and reliable multi-way connectionwhich offers extensive time savings when compared to traditional connections betweenindividual tubing.Multiflux ConnectorIn-line InterfaceLinear In-line InterfaceThe Linear In-line Interface works in conjunction with two Linear Connectors, providing inline sealing and highlyaccurate alignment between two sets of tubing, enabling uninterrupted liquid flow.Quick and easy to use, the low dead volume of the Linear In-line Interface reduces the risk of cross-contaminationbetween fluid samples, thereby maintaining experimental integrity.The innovative technology benefits a broad range ofapplications, including chemical and biological analysis, parallelmicrofluidic processing, providing multi-way fluidic connectionsbetween various pieces of laboratory equipment.The Linear In-line Interfaces are compatible with a variety ofpolymeric tubes including PTFE, FEP and PEEK. The design alsofeatures two eyelets which allow the interface to be mounted onsurfaces.Part No.3000395 3000316 3000430Technical detailsNumber of ports 4 8 12Max. operating pressure 30bar 10bar 5barChip thickness4mmChip width 15mm 30mm 45mmOperating temperature -15°C up to 150°CMaterial Aluminium, stainless steel 31650

standard component solutionsCustom solutionCircular In-line Interface3200142Designed for use with two Circular Connectors (Part No. 3000051) the Circular In-line Interface provides inlinesealing and highly accurate alignment of up to eight high pressure fluid channels.Operating over a wide temperature range of -15°C to 150°C, the Circular In-line Interface offers excellentchemical compatibility allowing a wide range of solvents and chemicals to be used. Its low dead volumeminimizes the risk of mixing between sequential fluid samples, benefiting a broad range of applicationsincluding multi-phase flow and sample injection systems.Features and benefits:• Small footprint• Operating pressure: up to 20bar• Automatic alignment• Low dead volume• Quick and easy to connect and disconnect• Excellent chemical resistancewww.dolomite-microfluidics.com51

Resealable Chip InterfaceResealable Chip Interface3000305The Resealable Chip Interface has been designed to provide researchers with completeflexibility in their cell culture and analysis, dielectrophoresis, impedance detection andbiosensor detection.With eight fluidic and eight electrical connections, microfluidic chips can be easily accessed and thensealed to allow deposition of reagents, cells or biosensors onto the channel surface. The low profile holder fitseasily on a microscope stage, and windows at top or bottom allow a microscope objective lens to get withinmillimetres of the microfluidic channel, enabling easy viewing.The Resealable Chip Interface can be easily taken apart for cleaning and offers very good chemicalresistance.Features and benefits:• Excellent access for optics• Excellent chemical resistance• 8 fluidic and 8 electrical connections• Allows deposition of reagents, sensors or cells onto the channel surface• Resealable Chip Interface, thin (Part No. 3000306): accommodates a 2mm base chip and2mm top chip as well as a gasket between 0.1 and 0.5mm thick52

standard component solutionsKey components of the Resealable Chip InterfaceResealable ChipInterface TopManifold withsealsPCB, ElectricalConnector andCableLinear Connector4-wayResealable ChipInterface BasePart No. Part Name Description3000148Standard Resealable ChipInterface BaseThe base accommodates a 2mm bottom chip, a 3mm top layer chip and agasket between 0.1 and 0.2mm thick3000111 Resealable Chip Interface Top Provides clamping of the chip layers3000304 PEEK Manifold with Seals The interface between the chip and Linear Connector3000024 Linear Connector Allows connection to 1.6mm (1/16”) outside diameter PTFE tube3000118 Electrical Interface PCB Provides 4 electrical connections to the base chip3000168 Electrical Cable and Connector Connects to electrical interface PCB30001473000306Thin Resealable ChipInterface BaseThin Resealable ChipInterface Base, complete assemblyThe thin chip holder base accommodates a 2mm bottom chip, a 2mm topchip and a gasket between 0.1 and 0.5mm thickA full assembly with the thin basewww.dolomite-microfluidics.com53

Resealable ChipsDesigned to be used with the Resealable Chip Interface, Dolomite provides arange of standard Resealable Chips.Top ChipsManual Injection Top Chip3200069• Liquids can be dispensed into the 10mm x 10mm x 3mm reservoir using apipette.• The liquid will only come into contact with a 10mm x 10mm area on abase chip.Manual Multi-Injection Top Chip3200070• Liquids can be dispensed into the 25 reservoirs which are 1.5mm in diameterand 3mm high using a pipette.• The liquids will only come into contact with an array of 1.5mm diametercircles on the base chip.Top Chip, 1-in, 1-out3200071• Liquid can be pumped via the Linear Connector into the chip and across thesurface of the base chip.• The channel depth is 100µm and the channel width is 11mm within the centralregion.Top Chip, 4-in, 1-out3200072• Liquid can be pumped via the Linear Connector. The channel depth is 100µmand the channel width is 11mm in the central region.• Four input streams can be connected with one output stream.• The channel width of the input streams is 0.5mm.Top Chip, 3-in, 1-out3200120• The channel depth of the chip is 100µm and the channel width is 3mm in thecentral region.• Three input streams can be connected with one output stream.• Also features a straight 1-in, 1-out channel.54

standard component solutionsHow to usethe Resealable Chip InterfaceFirst, the base chip is loaded into the holder followed bythe gasket and top layer. The holder then clamps alllayers together providing fluidic and electricalconnections to the chip.Reagents, sensors, biosensors or cells can be depositedon the chip base layer. The chip base layer material istypically glass, quartz, or polymer. Fluids are then flowedthrough channels in the gasket layer over the depositedsensors or reagents.Base ChipsThe Base Chips are made from glass and require a Top Chip to make a fluidic seal. All Top Chips feature anintegrated elastomer gasket which seals with the Base Chip.Blank Base Chip3000343• There are no etched features on this chip.• Examples of use include the deposition of thin layers onto the surface ofthe chip prior to assembly in the holder for fluidic experiments.Large Well Base Chip3000478• A central square 9mm x 9mm area is etched to a depth of 100µm.This provides a recessed area in the fluid flow path.• Materials or samples can be deposited in the recess prior to assembly inthe holder.Wellplate Chip3000218The Wellplate Chip has a 40 x 40 array of nano-litre wells and covers an areaof 10 x 10mm. The wells can be used for depositing reagents or for trapping cellsor droplets.Custom designDolomite offers a wide range of custom solutions. Accommodating a base layer, top layer and gasket, theResealable Chip Interface is compatible with chips of dimensions 22.3mm x 29.8mm. Please contact us to discussyour exact requirements.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com55

Other interfaces andaccessoriesMembrane Chip Interface with Separator Chip3000135This device is designed to hold a chip with two etched glass layers with a removable membrane layer between.One application is liquid-liquid extraction where the Separator Chip is used to split a flow stream containingimmiscible organic and aqueous solvent phases. Another application is cross-flow filtration.Features and benefits:• Quick and easy to connect/disconnect• Operating temperature: up to 150°C• Operation pressure: up to 10bar• Compact design• Low dead volume• Excellent chemical compatibility• Wide range of membranes availablePDMS InterfaceDolomite is collaborating with two world-leading microfluidic research organizations to develop a new versionof its connector systems, optimized for use with PDMS devices. PDMS chips are frequently used for academicwork, due to their low cost and short development time. However, it is often difficult and time consuming tomake reliable fluidic connections to these devices.Since PDMS chips are soft and often variable in shape, they present a challenge for interfacing. Dolomitehas devised a system which will be engineered and fully tested in collaboration with our partner organizations.The new PDMS Interfaces will be compact, easy to use, low cost, and able to interface multiple connections tothe two distinct types of devices used: PMDS-on-glass and all-PDMS chips. Please contact us for moreinformation.56

standard component solutionsThe following accessories can be used together with our Multiflux connectors:Linear Connector Seal3000021Designed for the range of Linear Connectors, the seal allows a fast andreliable connection between Dolomite chips and 1.6mm O.D tubing.Circular Connector Seal3000054The Circular Connector Seal can be used together with the Circular Connector(Part No. 3000051) enabling a fast and reliable connection to the surface ofmicrofluidic chips.Custom optionAll of our Multiflux Connectors and Interfaces can be used with your ownmicrofluidic devices and systems. Please turn to page 58 to learn more aboutthe geometry of our connectors and the design features that are required todevelop your own Multiflux compatible device.Dolomite also offers a wide range of custom solutions including bespokeconnector solutions as well as microfluidic chips with different junctiongeometries, channel sizes and surface properties. Please contact us todiscuss your exact requirements or go to page 100 to read more about ourcustom devices.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com57

How to design Multifluxcompatible devicesDolomite’s Multiflux range can be used to make multi-way fluidic connections betweenpumps, valves and other fluidic modules in your system. This section describes the featuresthat must be included on your system to enable interfacing with a Multiflux component.The features include the fluid holes (ports), threads and alignment features.The diagrams below show suggested interfaces for the Linear Connector 4-way and 8-way and theCircular Connector. The thumb screws on the connectors engage with the threads shown in the connectorinterfaces. Tightening down the thumb screws will provide a compression force on the seal in the connector.Compressing the seal results in sealing between the tubes in the connector and the surface of the interface.The thumb screws are sized so that hand tightening results in the connector sealing to the pressure specifiedin the datasheet. This assumes that the sealing surface is flat and clean.The thumb screw threads also provide rough alignment between the Multiflux devices and the fluid holes onthe interface. To improve the accuracy of alignment we suggest that the connector is also aligned to somesurfaces on the interface. These surfaces are indicated in the diagrams below. It will be necessary to use thesesurfaces when aligning pipes with small internal diameters (

standard component solutionsGeometry for Linear Connector 4-wayGreen surfacescan be used toprovidealignment forthe LinearConnectorBlue surfacesare used to holdtubes in positionin the LinearConnectorGeometry for Linear Connector 8-wayGreen surfacescan be used toprovidealignment forthe LinearConnectorBlue surfacesare used to holdtubes in positionin the LinearConnectorPlease contact us for information on the Linear Connector 12-way.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com59

Multiflux Circular Connector3000051Circular ConnectorConnector interfaceGeometry for Circular ConnectorThis surface is required to align theCircular ConnectorThis notch providesangular alignmentEight fluid ports equallyspaced on sealing surface60

standard component solutionsUsing Multifluxcompatible devicesDolomite is regarded by many as a “centre of excellence” forthe design, prototyping and manufacture of microfluidicsolutions. Since 2005 we have launched over 150 leading edgeproducts pioneering new technologies as well as the use ofmicrofluidic devices for small scale fluid control and analysis.We are proud of our achievements and very passionate aboutprotecting our brands. You do not need our permission to useour Multiflux Connectors or Multiflux Compatible Interfaces.However, if you are designing and/or manufacturing your ownMultiflux compatible device, please make sure that it isdefined as “Multiflux compatible” using the correct trademarkas outlined in this section.Please contact us for more information.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com61

Microfluidic PumpsDolomite provides a wide range of user-friendly pumps, designed specifically tomanipulate fluids in microfluidic systems helping you evaluate your microfluidic conceptsquickly and accelerate your time to market.Our range of microfluidic pumps includes:• Pressure Pumps providing stable and pulseless flow both at very low and very high flow rates,• Syringe Pumps, a versatile pumping solution offering smooth flow rate from < 1µl/min to >10ml/minfor a wide range of applications, as well as• Electro-osmotic Pumps for smooth flow where small size is priority,• Peristaltic and Piezoelectric Pumps providing compact and lightweight solutions.ContentsPressure PumpsMitos P-Pump 64Pressure Pump Accessories 66Syringe PumpsMitos Duo XS-Pump 73Mitos Quad XS-Pump 76Miniature PumpsPiezoelectric Pumps 78Peristaltic Pumps 78Electro-osmotic Pumps 7962

standard component solutionsWhich pump is right for me?At Dolomite we understand that every application is unique. Whether you are looking for pulseless liquid flow ora compact and lightweight solution, Dolomite can help you with its wide range of microfluidic pumps. The tablebelow compares the main features of our microfluidic pumps helping you to make the right decision:PerformanceparameterSmoothnessPowerconsumptionLowestflow rateMaterialcompatabilityLabcostsVolumecostPressurelimit (high)SizePump typePeristaltic Pump o o o o oSyringe Pump o o o o oPressure Pump o o o o oPiezoelectricPumpo o oElectro-osmoticPumpo o o o o oo = Excellent= Above averageo = Average= Below averageo = PoorLooking for something else?Please contact us if the specifications do not meet your requirement. We can help you with portable low powersolutions, temperature control, flow sensor feedback, PC interface or OEM modules.For further information on our custom devices, please turn to page 100.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com63

Pressure PumpsThe Mitos P-Pump is a pressure pump providing pulseless liquid flow. The pressure pumpingtechnology offers many advantages over traditional syringe pumps, for example a fasterresponse time.Mitos P-Pump3200016The Mitos P-Pump features a novel pumping technology providing stable and pulseless flow even at very lowflow rates. Operating over a wide pressure range of up to 10bar, the Mitos P-Pump offers a flexible solution formicrofluidic systems operating from nl/min to ml/min and is suitable for use with viscous liquids.The design features a lockable pressure chamber, which is easy to access and accommodates a wide range offluid vessels. It has a capacity for fluid samples from 100µl to 30ml allowing long experimental runs.The Mitos P-Pump uses fluid directly from your chosen vial reducing sample waste.pressure drivenpumping Right: pressure mechanism drivenpumping mechanismfluid fluid flow flowsensormonitorschamberpressurecontrol controlmechanismmechanismPpressure ininchamberchamber maintained atmaintainedconstant valueat constantvalueair flowadjusted to tocontrolpressureair air flowpressure chamberFeatures and benefits:• Precise pressure control, resolution: 1mbar• Excellent accuracy and response time• Wide pressure range enables use with systems of high and low fluidic resistance• Integrates with Dolomite Flow Sensors• Excellent chemical compatibility• Eliminates dead volume and sample waste• Flow conditions can be changed quickly and easily• Free PC software including LabVIEW TM drivers• Requires external pressure source64

standard component solutionsOnce the fluidic sample has been loaded into the Mitos P-Pump and the pump has been connected, it is possibleto control the pressure via a display and intuitive twist-and-click knob.Additionally, a PC software suite is available enabling the pump to be controlled from a simple PC application,or from your own control software.Droplet formationThe Mitos P-Pump is ideal for microfluidic systems where a highly stable flow is required for applicationssuch as droplet formation. In combination with the Droplet Junction Chips it enables the generation of more than10,000 droplets per second with extremely consistent diameters (monodispersed). Furthermore, its innovativepumping technology combined with flow resistors offers the user precise control over both droplet size andproduction rate. Please go to page 96 to read more about our Pressure-based Droplet Starter System.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com65

Pressure PumpAccessoriesDolomite offers a broad range of accessories including flow resistors, vesselholders and starter kits.How to choose the right accessories?Does the system have lowflow resistance?YESFlow Resistorrequiredsee page 69NODo you have 2 or moreliquids of different viscositywhich meet at a junction?YESFlow Resistorrequiredsee page 69NODo you want tomonitor flow rate?YESFlow Rate Sensorrequiredsee page 67NOIs your samplevolume greater than 30ml?YESRemote Chamberrequiredsee page 68NODo you want to controlflow rates independentlywhile running experiments?NO3-way Accessoriesrequiredsee page 70YESYou will require 1 pump for eachindependent flow stream.Please contact us!66

standard component solutionsMitos P-Pump Vessel Holder Kit3200017The Mitos P-Pump Vessel Holders Kit contains 4 vessel holders to enable the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016)to be used with a wide range of standard and non-standard fluid vessels. These include centrifuge tubes, autosamplervials, scintillation vials, microreaction vials and other general purpose vials. The vessel holders can beeasily positioned inside the pressure chamber and are quick to change.Features and benefits:• Accommodates a wide range of standard andnon-standard fluid vessels• Minimizes sample waste by pumping directly fromyour container• Allows micro vials to be used for low sample volumes• Material: stainless steel• Vial diameter: 8mm, 11mm and 16.5mmMitos Flow Rate SensorsThe Mitos Flow Rate Sensors enable fast and accurate measurements of ultra low liquid flow rates. The highprecision thermal sensor technology provides total media isolation and very low internal volume with no movingparts. All measurement data is fully calibrated and temperature compensated by means of an internal microcontroller.Please turn to page 80 to find out more about our range of Flow Rate Sensors and Sensor Units.Features and benefits:• Real-time display of flow rates• Easy to use, just connect and switch on• Sensors have low internal volume to minimizeinterference with fluid flow• Standalone operation or integrated with a PC orMitos P-Pump system• Excellent chemical resistancewww.dolomite-microfluidics.com67

Mitos P-Pump Remote Chamber 4003200043The Mitos P-Pump Remote Chamber 400 is a glasspressure chamber for use with the Mitos P-Pump(Part No. 3200016).It enables greater sample volumes up to 400ml tobe used, so that continuous pumping for longerperiods of time is possible.With the precise pressure-driven pumpingmechanism of the Mitos P-Pump, the flow from thechamber is highly stable and pulsefree.Operating over a wide pressure range up to 10bar,the Mitos P-Pump Remote Chamber 400 is simpleto connect and provides clear viewing of the sampleliquid.For applications requiring temperature control andstirring, the Remote Chamber can be placed onto ahotplate/magnetic stirrer.Features and benefits:• Pressure range: 0 - 10bar• Maximum temperature: 50ºC• Sample volume: up to 400ml• Size: Ø 148mm x H 200mm• Chamber material: stainless steel, glass, Vitonand PEEK• Continuous pumping for longer periods• Easy to view sample liquid levels• 250ml DURAN vessel included• Excellent chemical compatibility68

standard component solutionsMitos P-Pump Flow ResistorsFeatures and benefits:• Maximize flow rate range and performance ofthe Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016)• Enables low flow rate performance forsystems of low fluidic resistance• Prevents flow rate instability when usingfluids of different viscosities• Quick to connect and release• Excellent chemical compatibilityDesigned for use with the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016), the Flow Resistors allow user to add additional flowresistance to a microfluidic system.The Flow Resistors enable very low flow rates to be achieved when connecting the Mitos P-Pump to systems oflow fluidic resistance. For applications such as droplet generation, the Flow Resistors can be used to prevent flowrate instability due to the varying back pressure generated by using immiscible fluids of different viscosities.Dolomite offers a wide range of Flow Resistors to optimize your microfluidic system.Part No.Technical detailsApprox. flow rate generated by waterpumped at 1bar pressure3200028F13200029F33200030F103200031F303200032F1001µl/min 3µl/min 10µl/min 30µl/min 100µl/minMax. flow rate 10µl/min 30µl/min 100µl/min 300µl/min 1000µl/minMin. flow rate 0.01µl/min 0.03µl/min 0.1µl/min 0.3µl/min 1µl/minWetted materialsFEP and PEEKDolomite also offers the Mitos Flow Resistor Kit (Part No. 3200083) which contains one of each of the FlowResistors mentioned above.Custom Flow Resistor Kit3200049Designed for use with the Pressure-based Droplet Starter System, the kit contains high tolerance FEP tubing with100µm microbore and the required fittings to connect into the droplet system.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com69

Flow Resistor F0.13200135As part of Dolomite’s Flow Resistor range, this PEEK device enables low flow rate performance for systems oflow fluidic resistance and prevents flow rate instability when using fluids of different viscosities.Quick and easy to use, the Flow Resistor F0.1 provides a flow rate of approximately 0.1µl/min when water ispumped at 1bar pressure. It is a calibrated length of 1/16 OD tubing with attached 2µm filter and 1/4 - 28 fittingthat can be connected directly to Dolomite chips using a Linear Connector 4-way (Part No. 3000024).With an internal diameter of 25µm, the Flow Resistor F0.1 offers excellent chemical resistance allowing abroad range of fluids and chemicals to be used.Mitos P-Pump 3-way Vessel Holder Kit3200045The Mitos P-Pump 3-way Vessel Holder Kit is designedto accommodate 3 micro tubes in the Mitos P-Pump(Part No. 3200016).Included in the kit are compatible micro tubes with1.5ml volume. When used in conjunction with the MitosP-Pump 3-way Chamber Lid (Part No. 3200044), itprovides a low cost method of delivering 3 reagentsto a microfluidic system with pulseless pressure pumptechnology.Features and benefits:• Vessel holder material: stainless steel• Vessel Holder hole diameter: 11mm• Vessel Holder base diameter: 29mm• Vessel Holder height: 15mm• Micro tube volume: 1.5ml• Number of micro tubes included in the kit: 20• Tube material: polypropylene• Quick and easy to install and remove• Locating feature to align micro tubes with outletports in chamber lid70

standard component solutionsMitos P-Pump with 3-way Accessories (Part No. 3200094)Mitos P-Pump 3-way Chamber Lid3200044The Mitos P-Pump 3-way Chamber Lid can be used together with the Mitos P-Pump 3-way Vessel Holder Kit(Part No. 3200045) to pump 3 liquids simultaneously from the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016).Features and benefits:• Provides a low cost solution for 3-channel pumping (all 3channels pump at the same pressure, flow rate depends onviscosity and flow resistance of fluids used)• Push-and-rotate mechanism that is quick to openand close• Safety features to ensure chamber is locked whenpressurized• Contains plugs to enable ports to be blocked whennot required• Number of ports: 3Mitos P-Pump with 3-way Accessories3200094The Mitos P-Pump with 3-way Accessories includes both the Mitos P-Pump 3-way Chamber Lid(Part No. 3200044) and the Mitos P-Pump 3-way Vessel Holder Kit (Part No. 3200045).www.dolomite-microfluidics.com71

Mitos P-Pump Starter Kit3200033The Mitos P-Pump Flow Starter Kit contains a selection of vessels toenable sample liquids to be introduced into the Mitos P-Pump (PartNo. 3200016). It also contains a selection of tubing and fittings toenable fluidic connection to be made between the Mitos P-Pumpand a microfluidic system.Pneumatic Connector Kit3200034The Pneumatic Connector Kit contains a selection of fittings andtubing to enable connection of a compressed air or gas supplyto the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016).Mitos Compressor3200118 l 3200117Delivering oil-free and filtered air, the Mitos Compressor allows theMitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016) to be used in areas where nocompressed air supply or gas bottle are available.Available for 230V/50Hz (Part No. 3200117) and 110V/60Hz (Part No.3200118), the portable compressor can be easily connected to thepump using the Pneumatic Connector Kit (Part No. 3200034).Dip Tube Fitting3200143Designed for use with the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016), theDip Tube Fitting allows users to easily connect a dip tube into a fluidvessel on the Mitos P-Pump. The fitting features an in-built strainrelief and is compatible with 1/16 OD tubing and 1/4 - 28 flat bottomports.72

standard component solutionsSyringe PumpsThe Mitos Syringe Pump offers a versatile microfluidic pumping solution.A wide range of accessories and choice of flow modes allows simple or complexflow control.Mitos Duo XS-Pump3200057The Mitos Duo XS-Pump has been specifically developed for microfluidic applications where smooth flow isrequired. The microfluidic pumping system achieves this through its advanced drive electronics that minimize thepulsation from the stepper motor.Flow rates can be set with the twist-and-click control knob and large display. Automated liquid reagent additionmay be carried out by setting dispense volume or flow rate over a time period.The pump features 2 independent syringes and 2 multi-port valves allowing it to be configured in a number ofways. It can, for example, deliver up to 10 different fluids sequentially (when using the 6 ports valves) to one inputchannel of a chip, or the same fluid sequentially to 10 different input channels, or provide just one continuoussmooth flow of fluid as described on page 74. The Mitos Duo XS-Pump can be used with the Sample InjectionValve (Part No. 3200037) allowing small liquid samples to be injected into microfluidic systems.Features and benefits:• Versatile: offers a broad range of fluid deliverycapabilities• Advanced drive electronics• 2 channels• Automatic refill without disruptions to the fluid flow• Operating pressure up to 6bar (90psi)• Wide flow rate range: 0.1µl/min to 10ml/min• Small footprint• Compact: 26 x 16 x 25cm• Sealed system• Quick and easy replacement of syringes and valves• Excellent chemical compatibilitywww.dolomite-microfluidics.com73

Modes of operationThe Mitos Duo-XS Pump allows a choice of dosing modes that enable simple additions or intelligent activecontrol of various parameters. The following three main modes of operation are available:Dual Dosing ModeIn Dual Dosing Mode, each of the two syringes is operated entirely independently as a refilling single syringepump allowing to dose a volume (over time), pump at a specific flow rate, dose from one source to manyreactors or run sophisticated profiles.Continuous ModeIn Continuous Mode the two syringe pumps work together to produce one continuous flow, i.e. one is refillingwhile the other one is dispensing. The flow rate is stable and can be defined over a wide range.PC Control ModeThis mode of operation allows dual dosing and continuous mode to be controlled by PC software. For PCMode, the pump should be connected directly to the PC via the USB connection at the back of the pump.Flow rateµl/minFlow rate (ul/min)Flow testFlow rate accuracy test1.211.00.80.60.40.2005 1015 2025 3035 4045 50Time (seconds)time in secondsPerformanceThe graphs show the flow performance that can beobtained using the Mitos Duo XS-Pump (Part No.3200057) with a 12.5µl glass syringe. The graphs showflow rate (raw data) measured using Dolomite’s MitosSensor Units.** Prior to the tests some optimization was carried out tomatch the response of the pump to the fluidic system.Flow rateµl/minFlow rate (ul/min)testGradient test1.211.00.80.60.40.2005 1015 2025 3035 4045 5055 60Time (seconds)time in secondsFlow rateµl/minFlow rate (ul/min)1.41.210.80.60.40.2Response time testResponse time test00 5 10 15Time (seconds)time in secondsMitos Duo XS-Pump Basic3200066The Mitos Duo XS-Pump Basic does not feature a twist-and-click control knoband display and is instead operated via free PC software.All the other features of the pump are the same as for the Mitos Duo XS-Pump(Part No. 3200057) including extra smooth pumping, wide flow rate range andvarious modes of operation.74

standard component solutionsThe following accessories are available to be used with the Mitos Duo XS-Pump (Part No. 3200057) andMitos Duo XS-Pump Basic (Part No. 3200066):Syringe Pump Starter Kit3000335The Syringe Pump Starter Kit contains a selection of tubing and fittings to enable fluidicconnection to be made between the Mitos Duo XS-Pump or Mitos Duo XS-Pump Basicand a microfluidic system. It also contains various allen keys for valves and syringes.Syringes for Mitos Duo XS-PumpPart No.3000248 3000249 3000250 3000251 3000252 3000253 3000254TechnicaldetailsTypical flowrates0.5µl/minto100µl/min1µl/minto200µl/min2.5µl/minto500µl/min5µl/minto1ml/min10µl/minto2ml/min25µl/minto5ml/min50µl/minto10ml/minVolume 50µl 100µl 250µl 500µl 1ml 2.5ml 5mlValves for Mitos Duo XS-PumpPart No.3000244 3000245 3000246 3000247TechnicaldetailsPorts 2 3 4 6Max. pressureMaterial6barPTFE/PCTFEwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com75

Mitos Quad XS-Pump3200056The Mitos Quad XS-Pump is a versatile microfluidic pumping solution. It provides 2 continuous flows with in-linepressure sensing for each channel. Flow pulsation is minimized with advanced drive electronics. The pump isoperated with an intuitive twist-and-click control knob and a large display allowing set-up and configuration,setting of pressure trip limits as well as changing flow rates independently on each channel.The Mitos Quad XS-Pump uses advanced drive electronics to reduce pulsations from the drive systems. This isimportant in microfluidic systems where the flow rate is typically less than 10µl/min and the system volume is lessthan 100µl.Providing ultra smooth flow, the Mitos Quad XS-Pump is extremely chemically resistant and operates over a widepressure range up to 20bar (300psi). The compact module offers two independent flow channels each with anintegrated pressure sensor and a flow rate range from 0.1µl/min - 10ml/min.The Mitos Quad XS-Pump features valve modules, syringes and pressure sensors which can be removed, addedor replaced very quickly and easily.Features and benefits:• Extra smooth pumping eliminates pulsation issues• Wide flow rate range: 0.1µl/min - 10ml/min• Operating pressure: 0 - 20bar (0 - 300psi)• Number of channels: 2 continuous (2 inputs and outputs)• Excellent chemical compatibility• Small footprint: 26 x 16 x 25cm• Easy to use• In-line pressure sensing• Supplied with valves and in-line pressure sensorsThe Mitos Quad XS-Pump benefits any application thatrequires smooth and uninterupted flow including dropletresearch, chemical synthesis and development as well as flowchemistry.In either standalone mode or PC mode, flow rate can becontrolled quickly and easily. When used as part of a largerflow chemistry system, the Quad Pump accurately controlsand runs complex flow chemistry experiments with the clickof a button.76

standard component solutionsSyringe Pump Starter Kit3000335The Syringe Pump Starter Kit contains a selection of tubing and fittings to enable fluidicconnection to be made between the Mitos Quad XS-Pump (Part No. 3200056) and amicrofluidic system. It also contains various allen keys for valves and syringes.Syringe Pairs for Mitos Quad XS-PumpTechnicaldetailsPart No.3200004 3200005 3200006 3200007Typical flow rates0.5µl/min to200µl/min2.5µl/min to1ml/min5µl/min to2ml/min25µl/min to10ml/minOperating pressure 0 - 10bar 0 - 20bar 0 - 20bar 0 - 20barVolume 50µl and 100µl 250µl and 500µl 500µl and 1ml 1ml and 5mlWetted materialsGlass, PTFEValve Block for Mitos Quad XS-Pump3200010• 1 input and 1 output• Operation pressure: 0 - 20bar• Wetted material: PTFE, PCTFE, perfluoroelastomerPressure Sensor for Mitos Quad XS-Pump3200011• Operation pressure: 0 - 20bar• Wetted material: PTFEwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com77

Miniature PumpsDolomite offers a wide range of Miniature Pumps providing lightweight and compactsolutions, ideal for integration into compact or portable instruments.Piezoelectric Pumps3200138 l 3200139 l 3200140The Piezoelectric Pump is a compact, quiet and low power micropump. By varying the applied voltageand frequency, the flow rate from the pump can be adjusted up to a maximum of 20ml/min. This provides aflexible solution for handling small to medium volumes of fluid. There are 3 pumps available for different flow rateranges (up to 3, 7 and 20ml/min) and an optional controller for easy variation of flow control parameters.The pump technology uses the piezoelectric effect for the actuation of a diaphragm resulting in fluid movementthrough the diaphragm chamber. There are two fluid ports for connection of Ø 2 – 2.4mm ID soft tubing: an inletport for drawing fluid from a reservoir into the chamber and an outlet port for pumping fluid into the system.Peristaltic Pumps3200024 l 3200054 l 3200055Dolomite’s Peristaltic Pump offers a very compact and lightweight solution,ideal for applications such as medical and diagnostic equipment, fermentationand cell culture, as well as environmental sampling. Easy to use, ithas very low power consumption and is supplied with silicone tubing fitted.Available in a pack of 2 (Part No. 3200024), pack of 5 (Part No. 3200054)and pack of 10 (Part No. 3200055), Dolomite’s Peristaltic Pump is acompact pump that delivers up to 0.45ml/min, with flow rate adjusted bycontrolling voltage.Technical detailsDimensionFlow rateDischarge pressureValue30mm x 12mm x 14mm0.45ml/min0 - 50kPaPower consumption 0.12WVoltageMaterialWeight3V DCSilicone11g78

standard component solutionsPiezoelectric Pump (Part No. 3200138)Electro-osmotic PumpsDolomite’s Electro-osmotic Pumps provide excellent pumping performance in a miniature package. This technologyis ideal for integration into a microfluidic system due to the product size and the precise control that canbe achieved in the low flow rate range.Electro-osmotic flow is generated in the pump by applying a low voltage across the two electrodes. This maybe implemented using a battery or DC power supply unit. Please contact us for more information.Features and benefits:• No pulsation• No moving parts• Small size• High pressure performance• Easy operation• Connect directly to a DC supply or battery to pump fluidwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com79

Microfluidic SensorsDolomite’s Mitos Sensor Units provide a flexible system for measuring and displayingpressure and flow rates in microfluidic systems.Mitos Sensor Display3200095The Mitos Sensor Display can be used interchangeably with the Mitos Pressure Sensor (Part No. 3200119) andMitos Flow Rate Sensors (Part Nos. 3200096 - 3200100) which simply attach with a push-click action. Easy touse, the Mitos Sensor Display provides a USB connection and visual output for displaying micro-scale flow rateand pressure.Features and benefits:• Real-time display of flow rates• Interchangeable flow rate sensors toprovide wide range of flow rates• Sensors have low internal volume tominimize interference with fluid flow• Standalone operation or integrated with aPC or a Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016)• Excellent chemical resistanceMitos Pressure Sensor3200119The Mitos Pressure Sensor offers an in-line, flow through design whicheliminates ‘unswept’ volume.The flow path has a low internal volume and negligible pressure drop toensure the flow is subjected to minimal interruption.Operating over a wide pressure range from -0.5bar to 20bar with aresolution of 0.1bar, the Mitos Pressure Sensor features an internal PTFEcoating which ensures excellent chemical resistance.80

standard component solutionsMitos Flow Rate SensorsThe Mitos Flow Rate Sensors enable fast and accurate measurements ofultra low liquid flow rates. The high precision thermal sensor technologyprovides total media isolation and extremely low internal volume with nomoving parts.All measurement data is fully calibrated for water and temperaturecompensated by means of an internal microcontroller. Excellent chemicalresistance and bio-compatibility are also ensured.Technical detailsFlow rate range(calibrated for water)Part No.3200096 3200097 3200098 3200099 32001000.2-5ml/min 30-1000µl/min 1-50µl/min 0.4-7µl/min 70-1500nl/minFlow rate accuracy 5% 10%Response time30msMax. pressure 3bar 5bar 100bar 200barOverall size75mm x 82mm x 60mmConnected fluid capillary OD 1.6mm 0.8mm*Wetted materialsPEEK, Glass and PTFE* supplied with a 1/4-28 connector converterwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com81

Using the Mitos Sensor Units withthe Mitos P-PumpThe Mitos Sensor Display and Mitos Flow RateSensors are compatible with the Mitos P-Pump(Part No. 3200016) for measuring and displayingflow rates.The Flow Rate Sensor simply attaches to the MitosSensor Display with a push-click action. Onceconnected to a Flow Rate Sensor, the display canbe used as a standalone device (picture above) orsit on top of the Mitos P-Pump (picture on the left).By connecting the USB lead of the Sensor Displayto the Mitos P-Pump, the display is powered and theMitos P-Pump records the flow rates which will bestored in a log file within the pump together withthe pressure control data.82

standard component solutionsOther microfluidic sensorsIn partnership with Sensirion, Dolomite offers a range of Microfluidic Flow Rate Sensors which enable extremelyfast and accurate measurements of ultra low liquid flow rates.Compact and lightweight, the sensors operate with total media isolation, low internal volume and no movingparts. The unsurpassed CMOSens® sensor technology combines a high precision thermal sensor element,amplification, A/D converter circuit and digital signal processing on a single chip. All measurement data is fullycalibrated and temperature compensated by means of an internal microcontroller.To avoid blockage Dolomite recommends the use of an appropriate inline filter, especially when using the smallerFlow Rate Sensors (Part Nos. 3000240 - 3000242).Features and benefits:• Extremely sensitive and fast response• Measures very low liquid flow rates• High resolution and large dynamic range• Low internal volume• Low power consumption• Excellent chemical resistance and bio-compatibilityLaboratory KitThe Microfluidic Flow Rate Sensors are provided in a Laboratory Kit which contains all fittings required forimmediate use. The kit also includes a software package which allows users to capture, visualise and exportmeasurement data.Technical detailsPart No.3000238 3000239 3000240 3000241 3000242Flow rate range 200-4000µl/min 40-1000µl/min 1-40µl/min 0.25-7µl/min 0.05-1.5µl/minOperating temperature 0°C to 60°C 10°C to 45°CMax. pressure 3bar 5bar 150bar 350bar 350barConnected fluid capillary OD 1.6mm 0.36mmWetted materialsGlass capillary with PEEK fittingsand Teflon® sealQuartz (fused silica) capillary with PEEK fittingswww.dolomite-microfluidics.com83

Microfluidic ValvesDolomite offers a range of microfluidic valves enabling the precise fluid control inmicrofluidic instruments. Valves benefit many applications such as controlled introductionof multiple reagent streams for performing on-chip assay and allowing fluid supply tomicroreactors which is very sensitive to rapid fluid movement.Sample Injection Valve3200037This 6/2 valve enables small liquid samples to be injected into microfluidic systems without the sample passingthrough a pump, as shown below. The liquid reagent is loaded onto the sample loop via a Luer port. The loop isthen switched into the flow stream and the sample flows into the microfluidic system.With a port-to-port volume of

standard component solutionsSample Injection Valve on a clamp standOpen: sample loop of the Sample Injection ValveMicro Shape Memory Alloy Valve3000181With an overall size of 4mm x 16mm x 16.5mm, the Micro Shape Memory Alloy Valve (MSMAV) is especiallysuitable for low power consumption applications as it can perform with less than 0.3W power.The valve is controlled using a constant current supply of 250mA. The MSMAV actuation mechanism iscompletely silent and moves more slowly than conventional solenoid valves. The perfluoroelastomer diaphragmand PEEK body ensure that the fluid only comes into contact with inert materials.Features and benefits:• Power consumption < 0.3W• Low internal volume• Silent operation• Excellent chemical resistance (wetted materials PEEK andperfluoroelastomer)• Lightweight: < 1g• Operating pressure: up to 0.8bar• Ideal for integration into microfluidic systemswww.dolomite-microfluidics.com85

Solenoid ValvesDolomite’s Solenoid Valves are ideal for integration into microfluidic systemsdue to their very small size and ultra low internal volume.Isolation Solenoid Valve, manifold mount3000179 l 3000180Operating up to a pressure of 2bar, the Isolation Solenoid Valveis designed for use with a wide range of media. The perfluoroelastomerdiaphragm and PEEK body ensure that the fluid onlycomes into contact with inert materials.Available in 12V and 24V, the valves offer a low internal volumeof 4µl (IN port) and 25µl (OUT port) and are therefore wellsuitedfor microfluidics. Dolomite also offers the 12V IsolationSolenoid Valve in a pack of 5 (Part No. 3200084).Micro Isolation Solenoid Valve3000173 l 3000174 l 3000175 l 3000176The Micro Isolation Solenoid Valve is 4.2mm in size, enablingvalve mounting area and flow path lengths to be minimized.Operating up to a pressure of 1bar, the Micro Isolation SolenoidValves offer excellent chemical compatibility allowing a widerange of solvents and chemicals to be used. The valves areavailable with tube barb and gasket configuration.Miniature Isolation Solenoid Valve3000177 l 3000178Available in 12V and 24V, the Miniature Isolation Solenoid Valvefeatures a slim 6mm wide design which allows it to be mountedin a small space.A series of these valves can be connected together using thethrough holes provided in the valve body for easy manifolding.The low internal volume of 10µl (each port) makes these valvesideal for microfluidics. Dolomite also offers the 12V MiniatureIsolation Solenoid Valve in a pack of 5 (Part No. 3200085).86

standard component solutions0 2cmFeatures and benefits:• Compact and lightweight solution• Low internal volume• Excellent chemical resistance (wetted materials PEEK and perfluoroelastomer)• Continuous duty• Ideal for integration into microfluidic systems• Easy to create manifolds by linking valves togetherPart No.3000173 3000174 3000175 3000176 3000177 3000178 3000179 3000180Technical detailsSolenoid valve Micro Isolation Miniature Isolation IsolationVoltage 5V DC 24V DC 12V DC 24V DC 12V DCPort connection Gasket Tube barb Gasket O-ring seal GasketFluid temperature 10°C - 50°C 0°C - 50°C 0°C- 40°CInternal volume 1.1µl 4.3µl 1.5µl in: 10µl, out: 10µl in: 4µl, out: 25µlCustom optionPlease contact us if the specifications do not meet your requirements. We can help you with custom manifoldsand alternative layout of fluid ports.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com87

Temperature ControlDolomite offers a range of temperature control devices providing precisecontrol over internal temperatures of microfluidic systems.The use of temperature control systems is key in a number of applications including nanostructure generation,controlled microreactions, and droplet microfluidics where droplets can be kept at certain temperature toprevent a solidification reaction until the droplets have left the chip.If our standard devices do not meet your requirements, Dolomite can provide custom heating and incubationsolutions for a range of applications. Please contact us to discuss your specific requirements.Hotplate3000222 l 3000223The Hotplate is a digitally controlled device with external Pt100 (temperature probe), which locates in theHotplate Adaptor (Part No. 3000207) for optimal control of reaction temperature.The Hotplate allows the user to set and directly control the temperature of the Hotplate Adaptor. The HotplateAdaptor is in excellent thermal contact with the chip, and the microfluidic channels have very high surface area tovolume ratio. These two factors mean that the actual fluid temperature is also accurately controlled.Available as Hotplate 230 (Part No. 3000223) compatible with UK mains supply 230V and Hotplate 110 (Part No.3000222) compatible with US mains supply of 110V, the Hotplate operates over a wide temperature range fromroom temperature up to 300°C.Hotplate Adaptor3000207The Hotplate Adaptor allows temperature control of microfluidic chips in conjunction with a range of hotplates.With the ability to hold a chip in position, the Hotplate Adaptor can be used with the Micromixer Chip (Part No.3000144), T-Junction Chip (Part No. 3000014), Thin T-Junction Chip (Part No. 3000086) and Droplet GenerationChip (Part No. 3000211) for advanced management of fluid heating.Features and benefits:• Precise control of reaction temperatures• Quick chip connection and release• Excellent chemical compatibility• Max. operating temperature: 250°C• Compact design88

standard component solutionsHotplate Adaptor - Chip Holder H3200111The Hotplate Adaptor – Chip Holder H allows control overinternal temperatures of microfluidic chips without anydisruptions to the fluid flow. Holding a microfluidic chipsecurely in position, the Hotplate Adaptor enables users topre-heat or post-heat fluids by using the integrated tubeheater.Operating over a wide temperature range of up to 100°C, theadaptor is supplied with a removable lid that can be closedto maintain the chip at constant temperatures which is veryimportant for cell-based analytical studies to maintain cellviability. A glass viewing window (22mm in diameter)facilitates microscopic observations.Hotplate Adaptor - Chip Holder H on hotplateQuick and easy to use, the Hotplate Adaptor – Chip Holder Hhas been specifically designed for use with the Chip InterfaceH (Part No. 3000155) and two Linear Connectors 4-way (PartNo. 3000024) which provide an automatic alignment to thechip holder. The adaptor is compatible with Dolomite’sDroplet Junction Chips and Y-Junction Chips. Please turn topage 24 to read more about our microfluidic chips.Features and benefits:• Optional pre-heating and/or post-heating of fluids• Removable lid for maintaining constant temperatures insidethe device• Viewing window for microscopic observation• Chip size: 22.5mm x 15mmHotplate Adaptor - Chip Holder H and lid• Chip thickness: 4mmTechnical detailsValueMax. operating temperature 100°CDiameterBase materialLid materialLength of tubing pre- and post-heaterTubing size120mmAluminiumDelrin200mm1/16” O.D.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com89

Flow AccessoriesWhen working with microfluidic systems and devices you need to consider every detail,big and small. To ensure success Dolomite offers a wide range of tubing, fittingsand other flow accessories.All tubing and fittings are quick and easy to use and with an easy cleaning element allow a long life overmultiple runs. Operating over a wide pressure and temperature range, they securely direct fluids to, fromand in between microfluidic systems.Fluid TubesFluid Tubes can be used to connect Dolomite’s Multiflux connectors to the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016),Mitos Syringe Pumps (Part No. 3200057 and 3200046), other Multiflux Connectors and Interfaces or modulesthat have a 1/4 - 28 thread using an end fitting and ferrule.All Fluid Tubes are quick and easy to set up and connect. There are a number of Fluid Tubes available withvariations in diameter, operating pressure, operating temperature and material as shown below. The FEP tubes aretranslucent offering a better optical clarity and accuracy than the PTFE tubes.Technical detailsPart No.3200067 3200068 3200063 3200064 3200065Material PTFE FEPTube length10mInternal diameter 0.5mm 0.8mm 0.25mm 0.5mm 0.8mmMax. operating pressure 200bar 130bar 200bar 130bar 50barOperating temperature -180°C to 260°C -190°C to 205°C90

standard component solutionsFitting Accessories and Starter PacksDolomite offers a wide variety of plugs, fittings, ferrules and starter packs which enable customers to quickly setup their microfluidic devices and create consistent microfluidic connections.Part No. Part Name Description3000056 Plug FEP Enables users to block flow out of a port on a chip or connector.3000255 Plugs Pack Allows the sealing of 1/4 - 28 ports, supplied in a pack of 6.3000260 Tubing Starter Pack3000285Female to Female PolypropyleneConnector3000311 Female to Female Luer Lock3000335 Syringe Pump Starter Kit3000398 PTFE Pipe Cutter3000477End Fittings and Ferrules for1.6mm Tubing3200033 Mitos P-Pump Starter Kit3200059 Compact Head Fittings3200060 Flangeless FerrulesContains a selection of fittings including ferrules, PTFE tubing and headfittings to enable fluidic connections to be made between Dolomite pumpsand a microfluidic system.Assisting the fluidic connections between head fittings and syringes.A chemically resistant connector for making connections between headfittings and syringes.Includes a selection of fittings including ferrules, PTFE tubing and headfittings to enable fluidic connections to be made between Dolomite’sSyringe Pumps (Part Nos. 3200056, 3200057 and 3200066) and amicrofluidic system.A double bevelled cutting blade which produces a clean 90° cut on PTFE,FEP, PEEK and other polymer tubes.Can be used to connect tubing to the Mitos Duo XS-Pump (Part No.3200057) or other modules that have a 1/4 - 28 thread.Includes a selection of fittings, tubing and vessels to enable fluidicconnections to be made between the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016) anda microfluidic system.Delivered in a pack of 10, these fittings are suitable for 1.6mm tubing and canalso be used with the flangeless ferrules.Can be used in conjunction with the compact head fittings, supplied in apack of 10.3200087 2-way In-line Valve Provides an easy-to-use solution to quickly stop flow streams.3200143 Dip Tube FittingAllows users to easily connect a dip tube into a fluid vessel to create asealed fluid reservoir.Bottles and AccessoriesAs a one-stop shop for microfluidic solutions, Dolomite also offers bottles helping customers to collect liquids,make a connection to a gas supply or prevent unwanted pressurisation.Part No. Part Name Description3000289 Collection Bottle3000290 Input Bottle 100ml3000291 Multi-Port Bottle, 250ml3000292 Bottle Gas Hose3000293 Output Bottle, 100mlA 500ml glass bottle with an adaptor on the top for a CollectionNeedle (Part No. 3000259). The lid is fitted with an o-ring to secure theCollection Needle and a vent-hole to prevent unwanted pressurisation.Allows connection to a Bottle Gas Hose (Part No. 3000292). The threadson each bottle connect via a tube to a 5µm filter located at the base of thebottle.Allows connection to a Bottle Gas Hose (Part No. 3000292). The threads oneach bottle connect via a tube to a 5µm filter located at the base of thebottle. The 250ml bottle includes four 1/4 - 28 threads.Supplied in a pack of 4, ideal for connecting the Input Bottle (Part No.3000290) to a gas supply.A 100ml Duran bottle with a 1/4 - 28 thread and a hole in the cap. Ideal foruse as an output reservoir.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com91

Optical SystemsDigital Microscope3200093Featuring an auxilary objective, the Digital Microscope is a compact low cost solution for capturing highquality still and video images of microfluidic experiments.The Digital Microscope features three magnification levels (60X, 180X and 540X) as well as a holder whichallows holding the microfluidic chips in place. In addition, the microfluidic chips can be illuminated via anintegrated backlight to maximize contrast and image quality. The microscope is supplied with easy-to-usesoftware including a measuring function, calibration and video capture.Features and benefits:• Lightweight (1kg)• High quality image 1.3MP (1280px x 1024px)• Integrated LED backlight and ring light for cool illumination• Stage can hold a range of chips and chip holders• Microscope head can be disconnected (requires USB extension lead)• Easily connected to a PC using a USB cableScale µm0 250 500Scale µm0 250 500PC image of droplet junction channels92

standard component solutionsHigh Speed Camera and Microscope System3200050The High Speed Camera and Microscope System is a high quality and flexible solution for general microscopyand high speed image capture in microfluidic applications. It features an easy-to-use microscope with widezoom range and long working distance. The microscope stage is designed to accommodate all types ofmicrofluidic chips and enables users to quickly locate and observe the area of interest.The high speed camera integrates with the microscope and provides image capture at speeds of over 1000fpsvia FireWire link to a desktop PC. Illumination is provided by a 150W illuminator with alternative fibre optic lightguides for different lighting options.System componentMicroscopeMicroscope stageIlluminatorFlexible Light GuideDescriptionStereoscopic microscope with 7.5x zoom range, up to 50x magnification and C-mount for cameraattachment.Low profile microscope stage for microfluidic chips with height and position adjustable stageclips. For use with the flexible fibre optic light guide provided.150W halogen cold illuminator with continuous dimming and no flicker when used withdigital camera.Flexible fibre optic light guide with 6.35mm fibre diameter and 900mm length.Gooseneck Light GuideDigital cameraFireWire CableGooseneck fibre optic light guide with 4.5mm fibre diameter and 600mm length.High speed 1.3MP colour digital camera with video frame rates over 1000 per second and stillimage capture.6 pin FireWire.A cable (2.5m long) for connection of digital camera to a desktop PC.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com93

Micro Droplet SystemsBuilt around Dolomite’s industry leading microfluidic products, the Micro Droplet Systemsenable rapid advances in droplet microfluidics allowing users to produce more than 10,000monodispersed droplets per second.The modular systems benefit a broad range of applications including compartmentalized chemistry, highthroughput experimentation and the production of monodispersed emulsions or beads. Each system providesa complete solution containing all necessary pumps, connectors and chips to start making droplets immediately.Thanks to their modularity, the Micro Droplet Systems provide users with a very cost-effectiveand flexible solution offering:• multiple functionalities: all components can be used independently• diversification: the droplet systems are easily expandable• user-friendly design: the droplet systems are quick and easy to operateDroplet Junction ChipsAll Micro Droplet Systems include a range of Droplet Junction Chips with differentjunction geometries, channel sizes and surface properties.The chips offer excellent chemical compatibility and have excellent opticaltransparency for clear imaging of droplets. Advanced hydrophobic coatingtreatments enable water-in-oil droplets to be generated as well as oil-in-waterdroplets formed in the untreated chips.94

system solutionsMain benefitsThe range of Micro Droplet Systems includes systems for users new to droplet research and microfluidics as wellas advanced systems for the generation, collection and analysis of monodispersed emulsions. Easy to set up anduse, the modular systems offer customers:• Generation of highly monodispersed droplets from Ø 5µm to 250µm• Water-in-oil and oil-in-water droplet formation• Precise control over flow rate and droplet size• Stable liquid flow• Wide pressure range 0 - 10bar• Excellent chemical resistance• Cost effective solution• Flexible experimentationCustom optionThe Droplet Junction Chips offer both a T- and X-Junction for generating highly monodispersed droplets.However, if you are looking for a different material, channel size or junction geometry, please contact us to discussyour requirements. We offer a wide range of customized chips tailored to your specific needs. Please turn to page100 for more information.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com95

Droplet Starter SystemsProviding a complete solution containing all necessary pumps, connectors and chips,the Droplet Starter Systems are ideal for initial demonstration of droplet microfluidics andusers new to droplet research.Pressure-based Droplet Starter SystemThe system includes one Mitos P-Pump that providespulseless pumping of fluids into a Droplet Junction Chipfor droplet formation.The pump features a lockable pressure chamber as wellas an innovative 3-way Chamber Lid allowing pumping ofup to 3 liquids simultaneously.Syringe-based Droplet Starter SystemOperating over a wide flow range from 0.1µl/min to10ml/min, this system provides 2 independent syringeswith rotary valves, enabling fast automatic refill from upto 5 different sources, as well as an independent controlof each liquid channel.Micro Droplet System Pressure-basedDroplet StarterSyringe-basedDroplet StarterDropletAdvancedDropletCollectionSystem componentsMitos P-Pump ü x ü üMitos P-Pump 3-way Chamber Lid ü x o oMitos Duo-XS Pump x ü x xChip Interface H ü ü ü xLinear Connector 4-way ü ü ü üDroplet Chip, 100µm hydrophobic ü ü ü üDroplet Chip, 100µm hydrophilic ü ü ü üDroplet Chip, 190µm hydrophilic o ü ü üDroplet Chip, 190µm hydrophobic o ü ü üCustom Flow Resistor Kit ü x o oFlow Resistor Kit o x ü üDroplet Collection Module o o o üDroplet System Starter Kit ü ü ü üDroplet System Reagent Kit ü ü ü üüstandard component o optional extra96

system solutionsDroplet Advanced SystemDesigned for users with some experience in microfluidicsand droplet research, the Droplet AdvancedSystem offers a flexible high-performance solutionfor droplet formation.The pressure driven pumps provide pulseless andstable liquid flow. Together with the flow resistorsthey give users precise control over flow rates anddroplet size.Quick changes to flow conditions enable fastoptimization of droplet parameters.Droplet Collection SystemThe Droplet Collection System is ideal for thegeneration, collection and analysis of monodispersedemulsions benefiting a wide range ofapplications including food science, drug deliveryand the synthesis of particles.The system features the Droplet Collection Module,an innovative quartz vessel that enables emulsionsto be collected without flow disruption or dropletcoalescence.The droplet size can be set precisely and changedquickly giving the user full control over emulsioncharacteristics.Technical detailsMicro Droplet SystemPressure-basedDroplet StarterSyringe-basedDroplet StarterDropletAdvancedDroplet size range 20 - 150µm 20 - 250µmDropletCollectionDroplet production rate1 to more than 10,000 droplets per second*Monodispersity Very good ExcellentPump typePulseless pressuredriven pumpExtra smoothsyringe pumpPulseless pressure driven pumpMax. operating pressure 10bar 6bar 10barIndependent control of fluid channels No YesFlexibility of experimentation Moderate HighVolume 2ml Infinite 30ml or 400ml with Remote Chamber* depending on chemicals usedwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com97

AccessoriesThere is a broad range of accessories available including high-speed optical systems,priming valves, remote chambers and flow sensors providing an additional levelof user flexibility. Please turn to page 90 for more details.Droplet Collection Module3200112The Droplet Collection Module allows droplets to be transferred directlyfrom a microfluidic chip to a vessel enabling emulsions to be collected,treated and analyzed.The droplets are ejected straight from the chip edge into bulk liquid.The microfluidic chip can be inserted into the top or bottom of thevessel allowing the collection of sinking or floating droplets without flowdisruption or droplet coalescence, which can be an issue with someliquids on transfer from chip to tubing.Furthermore, the flat-sided quartz vessel enables optical analysis or UVcuring of droplets immediately after formation. Easy to access forcleaning, the Droplet Collection Module provides excellent chemicalresistance as well as an overflow port to remove excess carrier liquid.High Speed Camera and Microscope System3200050The High Speed Camera and Microscope System is a high quality andflexible solution for general microscopy and high speed image capture inmicrofluidic applications.It features an easy-to-use microscope with wide zoom range and longworking distance. The microscope stage is designed to accommodate alltypes of microfluidic chips and enables users to quickly locate andobserve the area of interest.The high speed camera integrates with the microscope and providesimage capture at speeds of over 1000fps via a FireWire link to a desktopPC. Illumination is provided by a 150W illuminator with alternative fibreoptic light guides for different lighting options.Please turn to page 92 to read more about our Optical Systems.98

system solutionsMonodispersed droplets Ø 70µm Micro droplets Ø 17µmSmall Droplet Chips3200136 l 3200137 l 3200146 l 3200147The Small Droplet Junction Chips are designed for generating small droplets inthe size range of 5 to 30µm in diameter. Available in glass (Part Nos. 3200136and 3200137) and quartz (Part Nos. 3200146 and 3200147), the Small DropletChips offer a flow focussing junction geometry with 14 x 17µm cross-section atthe junction.Droplet System Starter Kits3200073 l 3200074 l 3200075The Droplet System Starter Kits contain all the required tubing, fittings andaccessories for carrying out experimentation with the Micro Droplet Systems.There is a separate starter kit available for each of the Micro Droplet Systems asshown in the table on page 96.Custom Flow Resistor Kit3200049With the tools included in this kit, flow resistors of the required length can bemade. This enables the user to set the desired flow rate ratio between theorganic phase and the aqueous phase without independent pressure control ofeach phase.Droplet System Reagent Kit3200048Containing a range of liquids, the Droplet System Reagent Kit enables users tostart making droplets of oil-in-water or water-in-oil immediately. The kit alsocontains two commonly used surfactants to increase droplet stability as well as achip cleaning fluid.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com99

Custom DevicesDolomite works with customers around the world to develop a variety of versatile, complexand cutting edge custom devices, available in exceptionally short lead times.Our microfluidic devices are developed using microfabrication techniques that create microchannelsand complex structures in glass or polymers. The main fabrication processes include photolithography,wet etching of microchannel structures, micro-drilling of fluid ports, thermal bonding, surface modificationand metal deposition.Dolomite also offers traditional precision glass processing techniques such as mechanical and opticalpolishing, grinding, cutting and dicing.ContentsGlass microfluidic devices 102Polymer devices 104Custom options 105Dolomite’s expertise 106100

custom device solutionswww.dolomite-microfluidics.com101

Glass microfluidic devicesFabricated to the highest quality standards in optical glass or quartz (fused silica), ourcustom chips are particularly suitable for applications where reusability, chemicalcompatibility, optical transparency and thermal characteristics are important.Optical glassOptical glass, such as B270, is most commonly used in scientific instruments, spectacles and microscopes.Easy to process, it offers excellent chemical resistance and optical properties.Quartz (fused silica) glassThe combination of low thermal expansion, high chemical resistance and excellent optical properties, suchas homogeneity and high UV transmission, make quartz glass an excellent material for microfluidic flow cells,microreactors and devices for UV polymerization. Quartz glass is also more resistant to thermal shock thanother types of glass.Borosilicate glassBorosilicate glass, such as D263 and Borofloat 33, offers a very durable and flexible material which can resistextreme temperatures as well as many strong chemicals including acids, saline solutions, chlorine, oxidizingand corrosive chemicals. Common applications include high precision lenses, laboratory equipment andpharmaceutical containers.Glass or polymer?Characteristics Glass PolymerOptical properties Excellent GoodMechanical properties Very good OkChemical compatibility Excellent Mostly poorThermal characteristics Very good PoorCost effectivenessSurface coatings availableExcellent for prototyping;ok for high volumeVery good,hydrophilic and hydrophobicPoor for prototyping;excellent for high volumeReusability Very good Generally disposableDurability Very good OkDesign flexibilityVery goodOkOk, but high tooling costsprevent multiple re-iterativedesigns102

custom device solutionsThe following diagram shows the basic process used for the fabrication of glass microfluidic chips:1. Apply chrome andphotoresist layer to glass2. Expose photoresist to UVlight through mask3. Develop photoresist4. Etch chrome layer 5. Wet etch glass with HFacid solution6. Remove chrome and resist,then clean7. Micro-drill fluid holesand dice chip8. Thermally bond glasscover layerGlassPhotoresistChromeMaskwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com103

Polymer devicesFor some applications, such as clinical diagnostics where devices need to bedisposable, polymer devices are more suitable than glass devices.Compared to optical glass, polymer offers a durable, lightweight and flexible solution. Dolomite can provideinjection moulded devices as well as glass masters that are used to make injection mould tooling. We also haveextensive experience in bonding polymer devices and can help in early stage prototyping.The following diagram shows an example of a 2-step process used to create glass masters and prototypes forpolymer devices. We also supply polymer chips with SU8 and PDMS channel structures.Step 1: Create glass masterStep 2: Create plastic replicaLight sourceGlass with chrome and photoresist layerMount pins in glass masterPlastic mouldingEtching solution selectively removes glassInjection mould using glass master as one side ofmould toolDrill holes through glass to define fluid portsPlastic chip: remove from mould tool, bond to coverslip and mill to sizeGlassPhotoresistChromePhotomask104

custom device solutionsCustom optionsCustom device solutionIf you are looking for a specific channel geometry, surface coating or connector system, whatever the idea,Dolomite can help you take it to the next level! Over the last couple of years, Dolomite has pushed theboundaries of traditional manufacturing processes and worked with customers around the world to developinnovative solutions to their exacting needs. Our experienced team of design engineers will discuss yourrequirements to provide first class solutions combining the latest technologies with technical expertise.Bespoke instrument developmentWhether you are a technology start-up company or an established instrument manufacturer, Dolomite hasthe expertise and experience to turn your concept into reality. From the starting point of a concept andfeasibility study, Dolomite will demonstrate how the concept works at micro-scale. Please go to page 108 tofind out more about our bespoke instrument solutions including fully automated systems.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com105

Dolomite’s expertiseDolomite has extensive experience in material processing and is unique in combining traditionalmanufacturing techniques with micro-engineering expertise. We understand and exploit the materialproperties that are important to work on micro-scales giving our custom devices the leading edge.10 reasons to choose Dolomite:1. World leading thermal bonding processLow temperature bonding minimizes thermal distortions enabling unrivalled chip complexity.2. First class wet-etching of microchannelsSuperior optical quality of channels with etch depths of nm to mm deep in glass and borosilicate.3. Grinding and polishing techniquesDolomite offers a wide range of substrate thicknesses from as thin as 100μm to > 40mm thick.4. Multi-layer chipsMultiple layers can be fused to create complex geometries.5. Excellent drilling, dicing and ultrasonic machining techniquesVertical sidewalls from as little as 100µm to more than 10mm in diameter.6. Novel interconnect technologyInnovative dicing techniques ensure incredibly precise ‘edge connection’.7. Extremely accurate alignment with 5μm alignment accuracy.8. Unrivalled lead times allowing complex chips fabricated and delivered in as little as 4 weeks.9. Innovative design engineers10. User centered product design106

custom device solutionsDolomite also offers a variety of deposited coatings. All chips can be sputtered with metals such as platinum,gold, copper and titanium to create a wide range of features, such as embedded RTDs, sensors, mirrors andelectrodes.Recent examples of our custom devices include:• Gas Chromatography Chip (4” x 4” footprint) etched on both layers (one polished to 250μm)with over 7m of channel network• Dual Droplet Generation Chip allowing the generation of 3-reagent droplets on 2 separatejunctions with 8 fluidic inputs and 2 outputs• Cell Sorting Chip with over 2 million integrated electrode features• Quartz Capillary Electrophoresis Chip (footprint 160mm x 40mm) which provided 150mm of straightseparation channels• 1ml Microreactor Chip with 3 layers etched to 300μm deep per layer• Nozzle spray device with integrated platinum electrodes• Quartz Flow Cell with a 500μm wide and 300μm deep channel for detection of bacteria• Quartz Chip etched on both layers, aligned

Productizing ScienceAt Dolomite we understand that every application is unique and that our standardcomponents might not be the right solution for you. Therefore we offer customsystems and bespoke instruments to meet your exact requirements.All too often, good science gets let down by poor engineering implementation.Productizing science involves taking a technology that has been demonstrated in thelaboratory and turning it into a commercially successful product.All of our bespoke solutions are specifically designed for your particular requirements andcan be tailored to fit in with your existing products and systems. Furthermore they can becustomized to interface with other software or products that you already operate.ContentsInstrument development 110Intellectual property 1 1 2Project management 1 1 3From concept to reality 1 1 4Case study 1 1 6108

productizing scienceTaking your ideas to the next levelInnovativedesignengineersWorld classmicrofabricationfacilitiesExcellentunderstanding ofscientificrequirementsUnrivalledtime managementof productdevelopmentStrongcustomerfocusExcellencein systemintegrationExpertise insoftware andhardwaredevelopmentwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com109

Instrument developmentWhether you are a technology start-up company or an established instrument manufacturer,there are many ways we can assist you to turn your concept into reality.From the starting point of a concept andfeasibility study, Dolomite provides a vision forthe end instrument. Our innovative design teamwill then produce design solutions, 3D productconcepts, system schematics and cost estimatesto ensure that the scope of the project isunderstood by all.In addition, we can identify technical risks andcarry out proof of principle testing.Following design approval, we will develop allthe software, control, mechanical systems,electronics, firmware, touch screen, hand-held,and battery operated devices required for theend product.Dolomite’s expertise• Outstanding instrument development capabilitiesThe team at Dolomite has a successful track record developing scientific instruments for a wide range ofapplications. We collaborate closely with our partners from the initial concept and feasibility stages throughto final instrument manufacture and supply. To ensure development projects are kept on time and to budgetwe structure the programme into discrete phases and employ advanced programme management tools andprocesses.• Innovative electro-mechanical designOur mechanical engineering team offers a range of experience including the design of microfluidic devices,fluid handling automation, temperature control systems, sensors and optical systems. When developing a newinstrument or system we pull this expertise together to select the best design solution, whether using microfluidicsor more conventional techniques.• World class software and electronics engineeringDolomite has a range of existing software and electronics modules that can be combined to accelerateinstrument development. This allows prototype control software to be generated rapidly for instrumentdemonstration and testing. We work closely with our partners to deliver a reliable and user-friendly interface.110

productizing scienceRecent examples of bespoke instrument solutions include:• Microreactor system with a Microreactor chipIn collaboration with Syrris Ltd, Dolomite designed and fabricated amicroreactor system with heating, cooling, on-line analysis and automatedreagent injection.• Fully automated instrument systemDevelopment of a fully automated instrument system that runs highthroughputprotein crystallization experiments on disposable microfluidicchips for a North American client.• Genome sequencing solutionDolomite has developed solutions for high-throughput processing ofmicrofluidic devices for genome sequencing systems.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com111

olomite’s expertise +Intellectual propertyWe are committed to helping our clients achieve business success. From concept through tocompletion, Dolomite is the right partner with the right expertise. Whether you:• have a fantastic concept but need help in designing the product for commercialization,• have already developed a prototype system which you want to take to the next level,• work for a university or research institution that created IP and are now looking for a productsolution to market, or• own IP rights, such as patents or design notes, but do not have the product to capitalize on the idea.IntellectualpropertyRoute tomarketDProductizing Science +By Productizing Science we can help you take your ideas to the next level and turn them into successfulmarket-leading products. From simply increasing your own productivity through better integrated hardwareand software, to developing complete instrumentation solutions for your customers, there are many wayswe assist our clients. Please contact us to discuss your requirements.112

productizing scienceProject managementAt Dolomite we understand that communication is key to turn your ideas intomarket-leading products.Our experienced team of design engineers works with you to understand your application, using3D CAD and flow modelling tools.All our product development and design projects consist of the following project phases:• Proposal,• Concept and feasibility,• Alpha prototype,• Beta prototype,• Manufacture and customer support.The individual phases are managed with our proprietary Fan Guard System which allows us to identifyproblems as early as possible that may cause deviation from targets, ensuring accurate tracking of projectcosts, timescales and risks. Regular progress meetings and reports highlight the status of the project, andthe main achievements as well as ensuring a high level of communication.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com113

From concept to realityTaking a laboratory demonstrator through to a commercially successful productrequires a wide range of skills from mechanical design through to system integration.At Dolomite we have a track record of developing successful scientific products thatsurpass customer expectations.From concept through to completion, Dolomite has all the expertise and experience to getyour ideas off the drawing board and into the market place.Idea - conceptual and feasibility phaseThe conceptual and feasibility phase starts with the customer describing the problem, project, initial ideaand requirements. Based on initial sketches of the required instrument/device, Dolomite will generate a fulldesign including fluidic, thermal, optical and electrical interfaces.After discussing the project in more detail, Dolomite will demonstrate how the concept could work at microscaleand produce 3D product concepts as well as system schematics and cost estimates.DesignFollowing concept approval, Dolomite will design the product and develop all the software, control andmechanical systems required. Mathematical modelling of fluid flow, heat flow, diffusion effects, pressureeffects and chemical reactions can be carried out.All our product development projects are managed with our proprietary Fan Guard System which ensuresaccurate tracking of project costs, timescales and risks. Regular progress reports and meetings ensure a highlevel of communication.Detailed designs will be generated and sent to the customer for approval. Following design approval,Dolomite will fabricate the device and interfaces. Additionally, all products and systems will be fully tested inour laboratories and cleanrooms prior to delivery.SolutionDuring this phase the final instrument - a fully engineered solution - will be shipped to the customer.Dolomite can also provide product packaging, user guides and manuals, spare parts as well as product andsoftware support.FeedbackAfter receiving the final instrument, customers will realise the full benefits of our micro-engineeringcapabilities and microfluidic expertise. However, our work doesn’t stop here. As world leader in microfluidicsolutions we are committed to delivering the best service possible supporting our customers at every stage.Thus, customer feedback is vital to continuously improving our microfluidic products and solutions.114

productizing scienceproblem definitionrequirements gatheringideasketching3D modellingsystem schematicscost estimatessoftware developmentmechanical systemscontrol systemsprototypingdevice/instrument fabricationdesignproduct testingsystem integrationinstrument manufacturingsolutiondelivery of deviceproduct supportsoftware supportuser guides and manualsrealisation of benefitscontinuous product improvementongoing product developmentfeedbackwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com115

olomite’s expertise +Case studyThe following case study demonstrates how Dolomite can help you turningyour ideas into reality.Prof. Rustem Ismagilov,University of ChicagoPatentsEmeraldBioSystemsPlug MakerDProductizing Science +ideaInitial idea/problem:Emerald BioSystems planned to develop a Micro-capillary Protein CrystallizationSystem (MPCS) using IP from the University of Chicago. This newsystem would enable low-volume protein crystallization (5 - 10nl protein/experiment) for the production of diffraction-ready crystals with no wastedprotein. This novel instrument could then be used for applications such asligand screening, hybrid screening and microfluidic seeding.designInstrument development:In under a year, Dolomite carried out all elements of the Plug Maker (MPCS)system design and development, including concept generation, industrialdesign, hardware and software engineering, as well as manufacture, creatingan easy-to-use system based on Emerald’s core science.The Plug Maker automates well-validated Emerald technology, rapidlycreating a series of 10nl plugs of protein and precipitant samples in a plasticCrystalCard, which are then allowed to crystallize. This revolutionaryperformance was made possible using Dolomite’s ultra-smooth pumptechnology, coupled with its world-beating expertise in microfluidic devicesand connector engineering.Dolomite added further value by completing the entire instrument design,including a vision system, fully automated liquid handling system and touchscreencontrol software. The development took just 18 months from firstconcept to launch at LabAutomation 2010 where the Plug Maker wasawarded with the “New Product Award”.Fine gradient optimization and sparse matrix screening can be performedsimultaneously to identify optimal crystallization growth conditions.Experimental conditions are easily optimized with the ability to form on-chipgradients, with only 22μl of protein needed. In addition, the ability to performup to 800 experiments per chip maximizes throughput for a highly efficientworkflow.116

productizing scienceSolution:The Plug Maker is a self-contained unit operated from a built-in touchscreencontrol unit, taking up less than two feet of bench width.solutionCustomer feedback:Lance Stewart, CEO, Emerald BioSystems: “Dolomite has delivered a world-classproduct in the Plug Maker. Using Dolomite’s microfluidic expertise, we haverapidly been able to take the product from initial concept and proof of principle tofull instrument manufacture.”feedbackwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com117

Case StudiesDolomite is involved in multiple projects designing, developing and fabricatingmicrofluidic devices and systems. Most of these projects are confidential but inthis section a few examples of the type of design and development that wetypically carry out are presented.Dolomite provides solutions for a broad range of application areas including DNA analysis,clinical diagnostics, environmental testing, drug screening, cell culturing and analysis as wellas biosensors. In some cases all the work has been carried out at Dolomite; in other casesthere has been a collaboration.ContentsMiniaturization of Gas Chromatography equipment 120Droplet monodispersity 1 2 1DNA analysis 122Porous rock structures 1 2 3Environmental monitoring 124Nanoparticle synthesis 125Parallel capillary electrophoresis 126Acknowledgements 127118

Innovators in microfluidic solutionswww.dolomite-microfluidics.com119

Case study 1Miniaturization of Gas Chromatography equipmentProducts used:Custom Gas Chromatography ChipCustom Interface 4-wayCustom Connector 4-waySummary:Design and manufacture of a custom glass GasChromatography Chip which has a 300µm thicklayer and is fabricated with isotropically etchedchannels that replace the capillary and spindlestructure of standard Gas Chromatographycolumns.Gas Chromatography (GC) is a highly sensitive chemical analysis technique with a broad range of applications.Existing commercial GC systems are however generally quite bulky and fragile and miniaturization couldsignificantly broaden the range of applications.A key part of a GC system is the GC column. In operation, samples are passed through the GC column, wherethey separate out into chemical components. The separated components then pass through a detector, and achromatogram is produced which is used to identify the various chemical components.In collaboration with the UK’s National Centre for Atmospheric Science,Dolomite has successfully fabricated a miniaturized Gas Chromatography Chipfor environmental testing.The glass Gas Chromatography Chip has a 300µm thick layer and isfabricated with isotropically etched channels, which replace the capillary andspindle structure of standard GC columns.This microfluidic miniaturization enables the production of portable, robustand low power GC systems suitable for environmental applications such asatmospheric monitoring. The chip design includes an injection zone, whichallows activated carbon particles to be loaded and held, forming a sampleabsorption column.Closely packed within a 100 x 100mm footprint, the 7.5m and 1.4m long channelsare etched into a base layer to ensure efficient heat transfer between the heatingsystem and the channel. The low thermal conductivity of the glass allows the twochannel sections to be maintained at different temperatures; a temperaturedifference of 100ºC can be easily maintained across the chip.300µm diameter channel with50µm constriction to allowparticle trapping120

Innovators in microfluidic solutionsCase study 2Droplet monodispersityProducts used:Standard Droplet Junction ChipStandard Mitos P-PumpMarket leading syringe pumpSummary:Monodispersity or size consistency are key tomaking droplet microfluidics a powerful tool forconducting accurate and repeatable experiments.The unique pulseless pressure driven technologyof the Mitos P-Pump offers the best solution fordroplet formation.The formation of droplets of oil-in-water or water-in-oil has a range of uses in science and industry. Monodispersityor size consistency are key to making droplet microfluidics a powerful tool for conducting accurate andrepeatable experiments. Dolomite has therefore carried out a number of tests to compare the size consistencyof droplets formed with the Mitos P-Pump and with market leading syringe pumps. Droplets of water-in-oil weregenerated on a 100µm sized X-Junction, using each of the pump technologies. The droplet diameter from acontinuous stream was measured using image analysis software.The resulting data demonstrated that the MitosP-Pump provides a coefficient of variation in thedroplet diameter of less than 0.6%, compared with5.5% for the leading syringe pump. The pressuredrivenpumping mechanism of the Mitos P-Pumpdelivers liquid with a smooth and even flow, whereaseven the best mechanical drives in a syringe pumphave slight nonlinearities which cause unwantedpulsation. Therefore the Mitos P-Pump provides thebest solution for droplet formation applications.Droplet CountMitos P-PumpMonodispersityMarket Leading Syringe PumpCount Mitos P-Pump market-leading Syringe Pump14012010080604020075 100 12575 100 125Droplet diameter in µmDroplet diameter (μm)Droplet applicationEmulsion production in food and cosmeticsDroplets as mini chemical reactorsDrug deliveryPerforming biochemical assays or screensRequirement for monodispersityConsistent texture and performance of sampleKnown chemical make-up of droplets to achieve a reactionControlled dispersion of active ingredientsAbility to keep conditions inside droplet constant and measure the effect of asingle parameterwww.dolomite-microfluidics.com121

Case study 3DNA analysisProducts used:Custom Microfluidic ChipCustom Microfluidic ConnectorCustom Microfluidic PumpSummary:Dolomite has been working on several projectsrelating to the use of microfluidic devices for theanalysis of DNA, including applications likeforensics and disease diagnostics.DNA analysis is a fascinating and rapidly growingarea of research. Analyzing DNA requires a numberof complex processes including techniques such aspolymerase chain reaction, purification using highperformance liquid chromatography and capillaryelectrophoresis.DNA analysis systemDolomite has been working on several projects toautomate and accelerate the processes involved inDNA analysis. Using microfluidic devices for DNAanalysis offers many benefits, for example enablingscientists to load very small samples into a capillaryfor electrophoresis separations. Furthermore,microfluidic systems provide a very accurate andrepeatable solution as they only use micro-scalefluid volumes and allow precise control oftemperature and reagent mixing.In one project, Dolomite developed a methodto purge and refill the microfluidic capillary withmatrix after the electrophoresis had been carriedout. This involved designing a high pressure pump(100bar) that was coupled to the microfluidicdevice. This new microfluidic system replacedthe original refilling process which was very timeconsuming and costly as it had been carried outmanually.122

Innovators in microfluidic solutionsCase study 4Porous rock structuresProducts used:Custom Microfluidic ChipCustom Microfluidic ConnectorsSummary:Dolomite designed and manufactured a microfluidicchip with a channel geometry similar toporous rock structures enabling the analysis offluid flow.Understanding the full characteristics of fluid flow through porous structures, such as rock, is essential forapplications including oil extraction from petroleum reservoirs, environmental testing and groundwater analysis.However, fluid flow through porous media is very complex and difficult to analyze.The pore space within the rock is not only difficult to access but often characterised by parameters likeconnectivity and tortuosity which are very difficult to measure and quantify. Furthermore, the flow is influencedby complex interactions between the fluids themselves and the geometry or surface of the pore space.By using etching technology, Dolomite can design microfluidic chips with a channel geometry similar to porousrock structures featuring a variety of wide and narrow channels. The channel geometry can be custom made torepresent the rock structure.The glass microfluidic chips offer excellent accessfor optics and full visualization of the fluid flowallowing fast analysis.Operating over a wide temperature range (-15ºCup to 150ºC) and pressure range (up to 100bar),the glass devices offer outstanding chemicalresistance allowing a broad range of solvents andchemicals to be used.Custom glass chips featuring a micro-porous structure withcustom microfluidic connectorswww.dolomite-microfluidics.com123

Case study 5Environmental monitoringProducts used:Custom Flow CellSummary:Detection of micro-organisms in water supplies isimportant for ensuring the water is safe to drink.Dolomite offers a wide range of innovative flowcells with multiple channels and very low chambervolume to facilitate environmental monitoring.Detection of micro-organisms in water supplies is important for ensuring the water is safe to drink and also foridentifying the source of contamination. Micro-organisms including bacteria and parasites such as Giardia andCryptosporidium are typically detected by concentrating the water sample and counting the number of cells on amicroscope slide. This requires samples to be sent to a laboratory where the analysis is carried out manually.Microfluidics enables detection methods to be automated so that the analysis is carried out continuously withon-line sampling of the water supply. Rather than inspecting the cells on a microscope slide the sample is pumpedcontinuously through a microfluidic flow cell. Dolomite offers a wide range of innovative flow cells with multiplechannels and very low chamber volume to facilitate the detection of micro-organisms.The flow cell on the left is fabricated from twooptically flat glass layers that are isotropicallyetched and thermally bonded without the use ofadhesives.Quartz can also be used if a UV transparent cell isrequired for fluorescence based analysis.The optical flatness of the glass and the shallowchannel depth ensures that micro-organisms arekept in focus even when using a high magnificationmicroscope. The microscope is coupled to acamera and image recognition software is used toidentify micro-organisms in ‘real time’.Custom flow cell in a low profile holder with input andoutput tubes124

Innovators in microfluidic solutionsCase study 6Nanoparticle synthesisProducts used:Custom Microfluidic ChipCustom Microfluidic InterfaceSummary:Together with Newcastle University, Dolomitedesigned and developed a custom glassmicrofluidic chip and interface for nanoparticlesynthesis.0059 50nm200kIn collaboration with Newcastle University,Dolomite explored the application of microfluidicsfor the synthesis of nanoparticles for use in biochemistry.Dolomite designed and manufactured a customglass microfluidic chip with a complex channelgeometry featuring multiple reaction chambers.The chip was manufactured using Dolomite’s worldleading production processes such as lithographicpatterning, isotropic etching of glass substratesand the accurate alignment and thermal bondingof glass substrates.0059 50nm200kDolomite also developed a versatile chip holderwhich allowed to interface the custom chip withthe rest of the microfluidic system.Pictures above: Microscopic images of nanoparticlesThe nanoparticle synthesis project at Newcastle University is headed by Mike Loughran, Team Leader Microfluidics& Sensor Technologies, at the School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials. Working with Dolomiteand Dr. Andrea Beck from HAS Budapest, Mike Loughran has been exploring, how in the future, scientists will beable to control specific chemical reactions in a localized microchip environment. Nanoparticles benefit a widerange of applications including the synthesis of silicon based fluorescent nanoparticles (quantum dots) to labelbiomolecules for diagnostic assays, polymeric nanosensors for intracellular analysis and drug delivery, andcatalytic nanoparticles for specific chemistries or for purification by adsorbing pollutants.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com125

Case study 7Parallel capillary electrophoresisProducts used:Custom Microfluidic ChipSummary:In collaboration with the University of Cicinnati,Dolomite developed a custom microfluidic devicefor capillary electrophoresis.Capillary electrophoresis is a method for separating chemical entities based on their electrophoretic mobilityunder an applied electric field. Capillary electrophoresis was first demonstrated using glass capillary columns,however on-chip separations have gained increasing attention as they provide more rapid analysis, requireminimal sample volume and can be automated. Additionally, there is the potential to integrate a variety oflaboratory procedures and pre-treatment steps onto a single microfluidic device.Together with the University of Cincinnati, Dolomite designed and manufactured a multilane microfluidic chip thatallows capillary electrophoresis separations to be run in parallel, providing substantial increases in analysis speedand throughput which are important for many real-world applications such as high-throughput genetic andproteomic analyses, food analysis, peptide mapping and screening of drug candidates.The chip features eight capillary electrophoresis separation channels, eight injection junctions as well as onecommon reservoir after the detection region as shown in the picture above.The holes drilled in the 15mm thick top glass layer were used as reservoirs to hold the buffer and sample solutions.This avoided the requirement to glue external reservoirs onto the chip which could introduce contamination anddeal volume. The microchannels were etched into the glass base layer to a depth of 20µm and the top layer wasthen aligned and thermally bonded.126

Innovators in microfluidic solutionsAcknowledgementsCase study 1: Miniaturization of Gas Chromatography equipmentDolomite would like to thank the University of York (National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the Department of Chemistry)and the National Physical Laboratory for providing permission to use the chip design, experimental methods, results andconclusions in this case study.For more information on this work please refer to the following paper: Microfabricated planar glass gas chromatography withphotoionization detection; Alastair C. Lewis, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Christopher N. Rhodes, Jaydene Halliday, Keith D. Bartle, PhilipHomewood, Robin J.P. Grenfell, Brian Goody, Alice M. Harling, Paul Brewer, Gergely Vargha, Martin J.T. Milton.Journal of Chromatography A, 1217 (2010) 768-774Case study 6: Nanoparticle synthesisDolomite would like to thank the University of Newcastle, in particular Mike Loughran who is the Team Leader of Microfluidics& Sensor Technologies at the School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, for providing permission to use the chipdesign, experimental methods and microscopic pictures in this case study.Case study 7: Parallel capillary electrophoresisDolomite would like to thank the University of Cincinnati (Department of Chemistry) for providing permission to use the chipdesign, experimental methods, results and conclusions in this case study.For more information on this work please refer to the following paper: Parallel separations using capillary electrophoresis on amultilane microchip with multiplexed laser-induced fluorescence detection; Irena Nikcevic, Aigars Piruska, Kenneth R. Wehmeyer,Carl J. Seliskar, Patrick A. Limbach, William R. Heineman. Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 2796-2803www.dolomite-microfluidics.com127

New TechnologiesWe are working on a range of novel microfluidic technologies that will be incorporated intofuture products and custom systems. This section describes some of the technologies thatare currently in development.Microfluidic connectorsWe are currently developing linear connectors and interconnects that provide higher density fluid connectionsand taking up less area on a microfluidic chip. We are addressing the challenges of interfacing with smallerfluid pipes and with higher alignment accuracy and lower dead volumes. We are also developing connectors thatcan take advantage of the high temperature and pressure capability of glass and quartz. As an example we haveprototype connectors that operate at pressures above 300bar (4500psi), and systems that allow chip heating to500ºC.Dolomite is also developing interfaces between automated fluid handling systems and microfluidic devices. Oneexample is the interface on the Emerald Plug Maker instrument that enables samples to be aspirated from astandard 96 wellplate and injected directly into a microfluidic chip.Biological systems and healthcareMicrofluidics has provided significant advances in the handling and analysis of biological cells. Dolomite iscurrently developing microfluidic devices and systems that enable the capture and immobilisation of nonadherentcells. These technologies aim to improve imaging and monitoring of cells and provide new approachesto sample analysis.Dolomite is also a collaborator in a number of projects in the field of healthcare. This includes developing devicesfor point of care diagnostics, drug delivery and DNA analysis.Optical accessDolomite is working in several areas to improve optical access in microfluidic devices. In addition to our quartz UVtransmission chips we are also developing Calcium Fluoride chips that allow transmission of Infrared wavelengths.In addition, we are developing custom imaging systems for microfluidic instruments including fluorescenceimaging for cell analysis and high speed image capture for study of droplet generation.Droplet microfluidicsDolomite is working in several different areas in this rapidly growing field. One example is the generation ofextremely small monodispersed droplets in the 1 – 10µm size range (femtolitre to picolitre volume range).This requires various challenges to be addressed, including flow rate control, microchannel fabrication andblockage avoidance. At the 1 – 10µm size range a single droplet junction has a limited volumetric production rate,even if operating at high frequency. As a result we are developing ways to increase production frequency andincrease the number of droplet generation junctions on a chip (numbering up).Another area of development is the use of droplets as individual reaction chambers to enable high-throughputexperimentation. The PlugMaker instrument is the first commercially available product that uses thistechnology. Dolomite is also involved in developing new droplet technologies including merging and trapping ofdroplets, droplet encapsulation and droplet polymerisation and curing.128

Innovators in microfluidic solutions0 100µmDroplet microfluidicsBiological systems and healthcareOptical accessMicroreactor systemsMicroreactor systemsIn collaboration with Syrris Ltd, we continue to develop microfluidic liquid-liquid extraction and liquid-liquidcontacting systems. This has included innovations such as three phase liquid contacting and high flow rate liquidcontacting and separation.The microfluidic membrane contacting technology has also been applied to cross-flow filtration in order toremove solid precipitates formed in of microreactions. In addition, in-line on-chip filters have been developed toavoid micro-channel blockages.Microreactors also enable the study of kinetics in chemical and biological reactions. The technique uses extremelyfast micromixing to allow observations to be made at the early stages of a chemical reaction. By combininginterdigitated and chaotic mixing Dolomite is pushing the boundaries on minimum mixing time.Flow controlFlow rate control is a critical part of any microfluidic system. We are currently developing software to alloweasy integration of flow sensors and enable closed loop control when using the Mitos P-Pump. This technologywill provide instant feedback of flow rates and ensure stable, pulseless flow. We have also been able to use thistechnique to increase the response time of syringe pumps, which can be problematic at very low flow rates.We are also extending our range of micropumps and sensors, providing a wider range of options for miniaturizedsystems.www.dolomite-microfluidics.com129

Reference GuideMicrofluidic ChipsPart NamePage3000014 T-Junction Chip with header 343000048 Droplet Generation Chip with header (50μm etch depth) 303000077 Microreactor Chip 1ml, 3 ports 323000086 Thin T-Junction Chip with header 343000089 Platinum T-Junction Chip with header 343000141 Quartz T-Junction Chip with header 343000144 Micromixer Chip 363000158 Droplet Junction Chip (100μm etch depth) 283000211 Droplet Generation Chip with header (100μm etch depth) 303000218 Wellplate Chip 553000278 Microreactor Chip 62.5μl, 2 ports 323000279 Microreactor Chip 62.5μl, 3 ports 323000280 Microreactor Chip 250μl, 2 ports 323000281 Microreactor Chip 250μl, 3 ports 323000301 Droplet Junction Chip (100μm etch depth), hydrophobic 283000343 Blank Base Chip 553000436 Droplet Junction Chip (190μm etch depth) 283000437 Droplet Junction Chip (190μm etch depth), hydrophobic 283000453 T-Junction Chip, hydrophobic 343000478 Large Well Base Chip 553200008 Y-Junction Chip 353200014 T-Junction Chip with diced end 343200046 Microreactor Chip 1ml, 2 ports 323200062 Long Channel Chip 333200069 Manual Injection Top Chip 543200070 Manual Multi-Injection Top Chip 543200071 Top Chip, 1-in, 1-out 543200072 Top Chip, 4-in, 1-out 543200089 Droplet Junction Chip with header (100μm etch depth) 283200090 Droplet Junction Chip with header (100μm etch depth), hydrophobic 283200091 Droplet Junction Chip with header (190μm etch depth) 283200092 Droplet Junction Chip with header (190μm etch depth), hydrophobic 283200114 T-Junction Chip with diced end, hydrophobic 343200120 Top Chip, 3-in, 1-out 543200123 Droplet Generation Chip with header (100μm etch depth), hydrophobic 303200130 Quartz Droplet Junction Chip (100μm etch depth) 283200131 Quartz Droplet Junction Chip (100μm etch depth), hydrophobic 283200132 Quartz Droplet Junction Chip (190μm etch depth) 283200133 Quartz Droplet Junction Chip (190μm etch depth), hydrophobic 283200136 Small Droplet Chip (14μm etch depth) 993200137 Small Droplet Chip (14μm etch depth), hydrophobic 993200146 Small Quartz Droplet Chip (14μm etch depth) 993200147 Small Quartz Droplet Chip (14μm etch depth), hydrophobic 99130

Multiflux ConnectorsPart NamePage3000021 Linear Connector Seal 573000024 Linear Connector, 4-way 413000038 Chip Interface C 473000051 Circular Connector 403000054 Circular Connector Seal 573000067 Linear Connector, 12-way 413000102 Linear Connector, 8-way 413000109 Top Interface, 4-way (4mm) 493000135 Membrane Chip Interface with Separator Chip 563000155 Chip Interface H 463000237 Top Interface, 4-way (2.15mm) 493000305 Resealable Chip Interface 523000306 Resealable Chip Interface, thin 523000316 Linear In-line Interface, 8-way 503000395 Linear In-line Interface, 4-way 503000427 Top Interface, 12-way (4mm) 493000430 Linear In-line Interface, 12-way 503000531 Top Interface, 8-way (4mm) 493200088 Double Chip Interface H 473200142 Circular In-line Interface 513200148 Linear Connector 7-way 413200149 Linear Connector 15-way 413200150 Linear Connector 23-way 41Microfluidic Pumps and AccessoriesPart NamePage3000244 Valve for Mitos Duo XS-Pump (2 Port) 753000245 Valve for Mitos Duo XS-Pump (3 Port) 753000246 Valve for Mitos Duo XS-Pump (4 Port) 753000247 Valve for Mitos Duo XS-Pump (6 Port) 753000248 Syringe for Mitos Duo XS-Pump, 50μl 753000249 Syringe for Mitos Duo XS-Pump, 100μl 753000250 Syringe for Mitos Duo XS-Pump, 250μl 753000251 Syringe for Mitos Duo XS-Pump, 500μl 753000252 Syringe for Mitos Duo XS-Pump, 1ml 753000253 Syringe for Mitos Duo XS-Pump, 2.5ml 753000254 Syringe for Mitos Duo XS-Pump, 5ml 753000335 Syringe Pump Starter Kit 753200004 Syringe Pair for Mitos Quad XS-Pump (0.5μl/min to 200μl/min) 773200005 Syringe Pair for Mitos Quad XS-Pump (2.5μl/min to 1ml/min) 773200006 Syringe Pair for Mitos Quad XS-Pump (5μl/min to 2ml/min) 773200007 Syringe Pair for Mitos Quad XS-Pump (25μl/min to 10ml/min) 773200010 Valve Block for Mitos Quad XS-Pump 77www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 131

Reference GuideMicrofluidic Pumps and AccessoriesPart NamePage3200011 Pressure Sensor for Mitos Quad XS-Pump 773200016 Mitos P-Pump 643200017 Mitos P-Pump Vessel Holder Kit 673200024 Peristaltic Pump (pack of 2) 783200028 Flow Resistor F1 693200029 Flow Resistor F3 693200030 Flow Resistor F10 693200031 Flow Resistor F30 693200032 Flow Resistor F100 693200033 Mitos P-Pump Starter Kit 723200034 Pneumatic Connector Kit 723200043 Mitos P-Pump Remote Chamber 400 683200044 Mitos P-Pump 3-way Chamber Lid 713200045 Mitos P-Pump 3-way Vessel Holder Kit 703200049 Custom Flow Resistor Kit 693200056 Mitos Quad XS-Pump 763200054 Peristaltic Pump (pack of 5) 783200055 Peristaltic Pump (pack of 10) 783200057 Mitos Duo XS-Pump 733200066 Mitos Duo-XS Pump Basic 743200094 Mitos P-Pump with 3-way Accessories 713200117 Mitos Compressor 6bar (230V/50Hz) 723200118 Mitos Compressor 6bar (110V/60Hz) 723200135 Flow Resistor F0.1 703200138 Piezoelectric Pump 3ml/min 783200139 Piezoelectric Pump 7ml/min 783200140 Piezoelectric Pump 20ml/min 783200143 Dip Tube Fitting 72Microfluidic SensorsPart NamePage3200095 Mitos Sensor Display 803200096 Mitos Flow Rate Sensor (0.2-5ml/min) 813200097 Mitos Flow Rate Sensor (30-1000μl/min) 813200098 Mitos Flow Rate Sensor (1-50μl/min) 813200099 Mitos Flow Rate Sensor (0.4-7μl/min) 813200100 Mitos Flow Rate Sensor (70-1500nl/minn) 813200119 Mitos Pressure Sensor 80132

Microfluidic ValvesPart NamePage3000173 Micro Isolation Solenoid Valve, manifold mount above, ports at 90 degrees 873000174 Micro Isolation Solenoid Valve, manifold mount above, ports in-line 873000175 Micro Isolation Solenoid Valve, tube barb 873000176 Micro Isolation Solenoid Valve, manifold mount below 873000177 Miniature Isolation Solenoid Valve, 24V 873000178 Miniature Isolation Solenoid Valve, 12V 873000179 Isolation Solenoid Valve, manifold mount, 24V 873000180 Isolation Solenoid Valve, manifold mount, 12V 873000181 Micro Shape Memory Alloy Valve 853200037 Sample Injection Valve 84Temperature ControlPart NamePage3000207 Hotplate Adaptor 883000222 Hotplate 110 883000223 Hotplate 230 8832001 1 1 Hotplate Adaptor - Chip Holder H 89Micro Droplet Systems and AccessoriesPart NamePage3200048 Droplet System Reagent Kit 993200073 Pressure-based Droplet Starter Kit 993200074 Syringe-based Droplet Starter Kit 993200075 Advanced Droplet Starter Kit 993200112 Droplet Collection Module 98Pressure-based Droplet Starter System 96Syringe-based Droplet Starter System 96Droplet Advanced System 97Droplet Collection System 97Microfluidic Flow Accessories and Optical SystemsPart NamePage3200050 High Speed Camera and Microscope System 933200093 Digital Microscope 92Fluid Tubes 90Fitting Accessories and Starter Packs 91Bottles and Accessories 91www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 133