HIV/AIDS+WORK Swaziland

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D. RecommendationsThe commitments outlined in this paperare signs that the country is ready to tackle theHIV/AIDS epidemic. However, the governmentmust also commit its resources to proactiveHIV/STI prevention and control. In addition togovernment efforts, community participationat all levels is essential for effective HIV/AIDScare, prevention, and support activities. In thepresence of a coherent HIV/AIDS policy, andmultisectoral involvement, Swaziland will beable to fight the HIV/AIDS epidemic.i GeneralGiven the threat posed by AIDS, a nationalresponse should be mainstreamed across allmajor sectors, rather than being consideredpurely as a health issue to be dealt with by theMinistry of Health.• A multisectoral reaction should be fullyincorporated into the planning process,targeting ways and means of reducingtransmission and morbidity and mitigatingthe negative impact of AIDS. Althoughorganizations such as UNDP and theWorld Bank have commissioned situationanalyses in certain geographical regions,few comprehensive sectoral impactassessments have been done.• Human resource development efforts needto aim at replacing skills and ensuring anadequate pool of skills at any given point intime.• On a macroeconomic level, the generationof employment through enterprisedevelopment and investment promotionmust be made a priority in order to maintaina level of investment proportional to theannual GDP growth.and public awareness programmes leadingto changes in sexual behaviour. Suchindicators will be useful in formulatingpreventive messages and public-awarenessstrategies in the future. It would also beused for identifying population groups andassessing over time the effectiveness ofthese programmes.• ILO could play an important role incollaborating with the trade unions insensitizing staff on issues related toHIV/AIDS. This would include trainingand enhancing the capacities of suchstaff in terms of tackling HIV/AIDS in theworkplace, including such issues in tradeunion activities, and designing awarenessraisingprogrammes.• As mentioned in Section B, some progressivepublic and private sector employers haveadopted comprehensive prevention andcare programmes for their staff. The role ofthe ILO vis-à-vis employers is to help ensurethat such policies permeate all firms andnot only a select group of large corporations,so that the benefits reach the grass-rootslevel. This should also extend to the publicsector and the informal economy.• In creating a social safety net, it is importantto develop a comprehensive ‘HIV/AIDS inthe Workplace’ programme, for which theILO Code of Practice on HIV/AIDS and theworld of work may be used as a guide. Thefindings of research carried out on labourlegislation provisions relating to HIV/AIDSrelateddiscrimination can be a usefulstarting point.18Swaziland: HIV/AIDS work and development• There is a need for research that generatesestimates of losses, the gender and agedistributions of human capital losses, themain skill levels affected, and identificationof these losses by region and sector. Studieswould also need to take into account anyprevious efforts by the public services inthese regions and their capacity to alleviatethe AIDS-related labour resource problems.• There has been very little research done onthe behavioural aspect of HIV/AIDS as it is asensitive issue and the impact of education
BibliographyBollinger L, Stover J (1999) The Economic Impact of AIDS in Swaziland. The Futures GroupInternational, and Research Triangle Institute (RTI), The Centre for Development and PopulationActivities (CEDPA). The Policy Project website at: HYPERLINK «http://www.policyproject.com/byTopic.cfm/HIV» www.policyproject.com/byTopic.cfm/HIVEvian C (2003) An anonymous, unlinked HIV prevalence among a large workforce of agricultural/manufacturing employees in the eastern (Lubombo) Swaziland region and comparison with theavailable local antenatal HIV prevalence data, AIDS Management and Support, and Universityof Witwatersrand, Department of Community Health for ‘Demography and Socio-EconomicConference’, Durban, South Africa.Whiteside, Alan (2003). Final report prepared with Alison Hickey Nkosinathi Ngcobo and JaneTomlinson for the National Emergency Response Committee on HIV/AIDS (NERCHA) and the JointUnited Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), April 2003.Heard—Newsletter of the health economics and HIV/AIDS research division at the University ofNatal, Durban. Issue No. 7, June 2003.Kingdom of Swaziland, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, 8th HIV Sentinel SerosurveillanceReport, 2002.Loevinsohn, Michael (ISNAR, The Hague) and Stuart Gillespie1 (IFPRI, Washington) (May 2003).HIV/AIDS, Food Security and Rural Livelihoods: Understanding and Responding, RENEWALWorking Paper No. 2 at «http://www.sarpn.org.za/mitigation_of_HIV_AIDS/m0027/Renewal_WP2.pdf» «http://www.sarpn.org.za/mitigation_of_HIV_AIDS/m0027/Renewal_WP2.pdf»Muwanga, FT (2001) Private Sector Response to HIV/AIDS in Swaziland: Impact, Response,Vulnerability and Barriers to Implementation of Workplace HIV/AIDS Prevention Programmes.Accessible at: «http://www.gdnet.org/pdf/CP%20(Fred%20Muwanga).doc» «http://www.gdnet.org/pdf/CP%20(Fred%20Muwanga).doc»Muwanga FT (2002) Impact of HIV/AIDS on Agriculture and the Private Sector in Swaziland. TheDemographic, Social and Economic Impact on Subsistence Agriculture, Commercial Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives and Business, accessible at «http://www.eldis.org/static/DOC10960.htm» «http://www.eldis.org/static/DOC10960.htm»Vilakazi L (2001) Situation assessment report: Streamlining School and College Curricula inSwaziland: An assessment study on the response of education sector towards HIV/AIDS and lifeskills education, National Curriculum Centre, Manzini Swaziland and UNESCO Sub-regional Officefor Southern Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe.The official Swaziland government website at: «http://www.gov.sz/» «http://www.gov.sz/»Swaziland: HIV/AIDS work and development19
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HIV/AIDS+WORK Swaziland

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