ש ל - Camp Ramah

ק יץ ‏/קייקנה1 מספר שיחהדקות time: 4-5 Amount ofOrigin of the word: Aramaicהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedDictionary definition: A summer מעון (home), a מרגוע מ קום (relaxing place), especially on thehot summer days.Phrases:Summer camp ‏-קיץ מחנהSummer clothes ‏-קיץ בגדSummer house ‏-קיץ ביתSummer crops ‏-קיץ גידוליDay off ‏-חופשי יוםKey Words:-Summer קיץFreedom ‏-דרור ‏,חופשVacation ‏-פגרהRenewal‏-חידושMeaning‏-משמעותAramaic‏-ארמיתLanguage‏-שפהParallel‏-מקבילהDefinition‏-הגדרה ‏,מגדירמRelaxation‏-מרגועFree ‏-שחרורSeason‏-עונהDuty‏-חובה-Home עוןDeveloping the conversation השיחה מהלךWhere do you think we got the word קייטנה or קיץ that we say throughout the קיץ (summer)? Is‏?קייטנה and קיץ there a connection between the words‏.קיץ and also ‏-קיט sounds like the word קייטנה The word‏-קייטא from the word ‏-קיט is a Hebrew word and קיץ words- are sister קיט and קיץ The word‏.מדקייטא קשים דקייטא שלהי Aramaic: in Aramaic. There is a saying in ‏(קיץ)‏ which means summer"The end of summer is harder than the summer itself."משמעות In modern Hebrew we have taken words from the Aramaic language, but gave them aa special meaning, or meaning that is slightly different from the meaning of the word in ‏-מיוחדת

Hebrew. For example, the word כורסא is the Aramaic מקבילה (parallel) of the word כסא (chair) inHebrew.חידוש meaning, was given a renewed ‏,קיט This is how the wordas summer relaxation, and also as relaxation in general. Avraham Even Shoshan, who madeis a קייטנה (“The New Dictionary”) popular around fifty years ago, still writes that החדש המילוןdictionaries, a place of relaxation. However, in newer גוע מקום (a summer home), a , יץthe הגדרה (definition) of this word teaches us that קייטנה is a framework for children’s activitiesקייטנות during vacation days, mainly during the summer vacation, but there are also of course(winter). חורף‏:ק יץמרמעון קIn honor of חופשת ‏,הקיץ summer vacation, let’s look at other words that are connected to‏,חירות is translated in dictionaries as חופש (vacations). The concept of פגרה ‏,חופשה ‏,חופשfreedom.In common speech, these words became mixed up and today we say חופש instead of ‏.חופשה Forexample, “I requested חופש in order to finish my work.” חופשת ‏,הקיץ the summer vacation forschoolchildren (in the months of July and August) is called גדול החופש (the Big Vacation).‏,מסוימת חובה freedom, from work, from studies, or ‏,שחרור is really a time of חופשה However,regular duties or responsibilities.Some say that חופשה is ‏,פגרה and that the root of the word פגרה is also Aramaic. In the Talmud inMasechet Shabbat, it is said: “ ביה דמפגרי יומא ‏”,רבנן which means a day during which the rabbiswere free, a day off. This is a vacation during a set time from season to season, ‏,עונה that is givento someone who works or studies. For Example: there is school vacation, court recess, thesummer break in the Knesset, and more.הOn‏-אחת One Foot רגל עלThe word קיץ is related to ‏,קיט which means a בית ‏,קיץ “summer house” in Aramaic, or a place of‏?קיץ בי ת relaxation for the summer. Are we relaxed at summer camp, ourFor Thought ‏-למחשבהWhat is the connection between קיץ and ‏,תאנה fig?עברית2 מספר שיחהדקות Time: 4-5 Amount ofעברית Word: Origin of theהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedDictionary Definition: The ancient, historical language of the Jews, the language in whichtraditional holy texts were written, and a nickname for Aramaic, the language spoken by Jewsduring the period of the Tanaim and Amoraim (the rabbis who wrote the Mishnah and theTalmud).Phrases:Crossing line ‏-חציה מעבר

Traffic tools that help drivers on the road ‏-תעבורה כליOne who comes and goes- Traveler ‏-אורח עוברDies ‏-העולם מן עברKey Words:Do‏-מצווה a mitzvah לקייםBorn‏-נולדOpinion‏-דעהSource‏-מקורGrandson‏-נכדSiege‏-מצורScare‏-להפחידIncreases‏-מגבירSynonym‏-נרדפת מילהLanguage‏-שפה ‏,לשוןKnead the food before digestion ‏-העיכול לפני המזון את ללושBrain‏-מוחBeyond‏-עברDeveloping the conversation השיחה מהלךWhy is our language called ‏?עברית Many people ask me this. The answer, עברית , iswritten in the Talmud in Masechet Megilah, where it also says, “Greek for Greeks.” That is tosay, לעברים עברית means that one who speaks Hebrew should read Megilat Esther (read on Purim)‏.המצווה את לקיים in Hebrew, in orderStill confused by this answer? Rashi explains it: עברית is the language of those עבר ‏-הנהר beyondthe river. This explanation comes from the place in which Avraham ‏,נולד he was from beyond theEuphrates River.According to another ‏,דעה the מקור of the term עברי comes from the name of Noah’s נכד in theTorah: עבר (Ever). The עברי (Hebrew) nation was already mentioned at the time of the Tanakh(Bible), so what was their language called? When Ravshakeh the messenger of the king of Ashurcomes to put a מצור on the people of Jerusalem, אותם להפחיד the leaders of the people ask him tospeak Aramaic, not יהודית (“Jewish” language), so the rest of the people would not understandand become afraid, but Ravshakeh just raised, מגביר his voice: יהודית גדול בקול ויקרא “He calledout in ית in a loud voice.” If this is accurate, the language of the Hebrews in the Tanakh wascalled ‏”.יהודית“‏ From the Middle Ages and on, this language has been known as ‏,עברית Hebrew.לע בריםיהודWords that are used as נרדפת מילה to עברית are לשון and ‏.שפה What is the connection betweenspeak? which are parts of the body (the tongue and lips), to language that we שפה and לשוןThere is a connection! לשון that is in our mouth, the tongue, comes from the root word ‏,לוש andלשון so too does ‏,העיכול לפני המזון את ללוש from this we understand that just as the tongue’s job isas language "knead" the thoughts that come from the מוח into words.For Thought ‏-למחשבה‏?יהודים Why are we called

On‏-אחת One Foot רגל עלThe עברים are the children of Avraham, people who came הר מעבר ‏,לנ from beyond the river, andthey were also the descendants of ‏,עבר the grandson of Noah.For Your EntertainmentThis story makes sense only in Hebrew. Try to pick up on the wordplay!The Secret of the Alef Bet and the Magen David ‏-דוד ומגן העברי בית האלף סודThe דוד מגן is the shape that is found on the Israeli flag, and that is very special to all Jews.Look! Inside this wonderful shape, which is made up of two triangles (or two pyramids if youwish), you can see every letter of the Alef Bet! Take a look:For Advanced Hebrew Speakers: בספרדית חולם (Dream in Spanish) by Ehud ManorI wake up in עברית in the morning,‏,עברית And drink coffee inI pay in Hebrew,For all things that I buy.In the language of King DavidI live and make my voice heard,And read stories to a child,Always from right to left.In עברית there are words,To express almost everythingIt has שקה (outlet) it has תקה (plug),But there is not word in עברית for “tact.”I get excited in עברית when I see a flower,‏,עברית And deliver prayers inI get angry in עברית in a moment,And “hit” in עברית with a curse.‏:פזמוןI think and I writeIn עברית without difficulty,I love to love you‏.עברית In exquisiteIt’s a wonderful language,There will be no other for me,But at night, at night,I dream in Spanish.גוף וחלקי לשון3 מספר שיחה

דקות time: 4-5 Amount ofהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedDictionary Definition: The organ in the mouth that works to determine taste, aids in eating anddigestion, and helps in speaking.Phrases:To see eye to eye, to agree with someone ‏-בעין עיןIn short ‏-אחת רגל עלaction) This for that (the consequence matches the ‏-עין תחת עיןA nickname for the Hebrew language ‏-הקודש לשוןGossip or slander ‏-הרע לשוןlanguage) Nice and polite language (“clean” ‏-נקייה לשוןThe opposite of what someone says ‏-נהור סגי לשוןPolite language ‏-רכה לשוןKey Words:Body ‏-מגופהCover ‏-כיסויHide ‏-מסתירפנימיות Internal-Spiritual ‏-רוחניתKnuckles ‏-אצבעות פרקיHelp ‏-עזרהPower ‏-כוחInfluence ‏-להשפיעFlowing Spring ‏-נובע מעייןSustaining ‏-מזינהEquilibrium Center ‏-המשקל שיווי מרכזBalance ‏-איזוןהשיחה מהלך conversation- Developing theלשוןWhat is the connection between לשון and שפה which are parts of the body (the tongue and lips),to language that we speak?There is a connection! לשון that is in our mouth, the tongue, comes from the root word ‏,לוש andלשון so too does ‏,העיכול לפני המזון את ללוש from this we understand that just as the tongue’s job is. וח as language knead the words and sentences that come from theגוףפנימיות the מסתיר is the material that covers and גוף The ‏.כיסוי in order words ‏,מגופה Coming fromperson. of a רוחניתמ

ידפרקי It’s number value is 14 (in Gematria: yod=10 and dalet=4), which represents the fourteenis equivalent to 28 כוח we use two hands. That is to say, the word ‏,עזרה When we need ‏.אצבעות‏.יד twice the number value of ‏,פרקיםעיןנובע that מעיין comes from עין thoughts. influence, our brains and ‏,להשפיע is עין The job of the(flows) ומשפיע (influences).אוזןThe אוזן also מז ינה (sustains) a person’s brain through information that surrounds us. It’s wellknown that the המשקל שיווי מרכז is located in the ‏,אוזן which is related to the word איזון (andscale). or ‏,מאזנייםThe parts of the body also have related verbs (actions):- To throw ‏-לידות-ידTo look up לעיין ‏-עיןTo spy ‏-לרגל ‏-רגלTo slander ‏-להלשין ‏-לשוןTo listen ‏-להאזין ‏-אוזןTo memorize ‏-לשנן-‏ שן‏(א)ופרידה מפגש ברכותולקרוב לרחוק שלום שלוםGreetings for Meeting and LeavingShalom, Shalom to Those Far and Nearשלום4 מספר ש יחהדקות Time: 3-4 Amount ofעברית Word: Origin of theהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedDictionary Definition:Rest, ‏,שלווה quiet, the opposite of war, the greeting between two people.Phrases:A greeting between two people-literally, peace be upon you ‏-עליכם שלוםA stable peace ‏-אמת שלום

Keeping peace in the family ‏-בית שלוםTo ask after the well-being of someone ‏-שלום דרישתA gathering for the purpose of making a peace agreement ‏-שלום ועידתA greeting between friends on Shabbat ‏-שלום שבתSomeone who tries to make peace between people- literally, a pursuer of peace ‏-שלום רודףKey Words:Peace ‏-שלווהקבוע-‏ FixedFriendship ‏-ידידותBasis‏-בסיס ‏,יסודIntegrity‏-שלמותPhysical‏-ונפשית and Mental גופניתSecurity ‏-בטחוןNormal Relations ‏-תקינים יחסיםContexts ‏-הקשריםConflict ‏-ניגודWar ‏-מלחמהBound Phrases ‏-כבולים צירופיםIdioms ‏-ניביםGreeting ‏-ברכהWhen we leave someone ‏-פרידהForeign ‏-נכריהשיחה מהלך conversation- Developing theלכולם שלום ‏-ולרחוק לקרוב שלום שלוםShalom, Shalom to those near and far- Shalom to everyoneThe word שלום is one of the foundational words in Hebrew. The root ‏.מ.ל.ש teaches us about it’s‏,ביטחון that is ‏,ונפשית גופנית that is both שלמות ‏:שלמות a situation of ‏-(בסיסית)‏ most basic meaningthat is תקינים יחסים between people, between nations, and more.In the Tanakh the word appears in many ‏,הקשרים all of which reflect this basic notion.In modern Hebrew, the main meaning of the word שלום is the opposite of war.The source of this meaning is in the Tanakh, such as ועת מלימה עת לשנא ועת לאהב עת“‏ ‏”שלום A timeto love, a time to hate, a time for war, and a time for ‏,שלום peace. Ecclesiasties (Kohelet) 3:8.‏.ניבים and in כבולים צירופים in modern Hebrew comes mainly in שלום The word‏.פרידה leave- usually when we meet someone and ‏,ברכה as a שלו ם Today, we often use the wordA story was told of Rabban Yochana ben Zakkai בשוק נכרי ואפילו מעולם שלום אדם הקדימו שלא Hewould always greet another person first, even a gentile in the marketplace. (Talmud BavliBrachot 17a).Even today, when we ask מה ‏,שלומך one can answer, טוב שלומי or לא שלומי ‏.טוב In the Tanakh,השלום brothers, the structure of this question was different, as was the answer. Joseph asked hisour father is ‏-לאבינו לעבדך ום answered, Is your father, the old man, well? They ‏?הזקן אביכםwell.We separate שלום into different greetings: של ום ‏,אליכם peace be upon you, שלום הי ו , be at peace,של

peace. , depart in לשלום צאתכם peace, go in לשלום לכו‏(ב)ופרידה מפגש ברכותGreetings for Meeting and Leavingביי ‏,יאלה ‏,שלום5 מספר שיחהדקות Time: 4-5 Amount ofOrigin of the Word: ‏,עברית Arabic, Englishהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedKey Words:Language ‏-שפהIn spite of this ‏-זאת למרותTake care ‏-עצמך על תשמריOranges ‏-תפוזיםMarching ‏-צעידהPray ‏-להתפלל- Word corruption יבושInauguration Speech ‏-ההכתרה נאוםשהשיחה מהלך conversation- Developing the“How do you say שלום in three שפות (languages)?‏!ביי ,(“Okay, yalla, bye!”)‏,זאת למרות today, We used to say goodbye in shortened ways, like “lehit,” “ciao,” or “bye,” but‏”.ביי ‏,יאללה ‏,טוב“‏ even my grandmother won’t get off the phone without sayingיאל לה ‏,טובThe words עצמך על תשמרי or עצמכם על תשמרו (take care of yourself) used to be said by anyoneclose to me.“How, exactly, can I take care of myself?” I asked one of these greeters. I figured she did notmean that I should start eating three תפוזים a day, or to go on a צעידה for an hour.“You are right,” she answered. There is nothing you can do, just ‏.להתפלל In other words, praythat God takes care of you. ‏”ביי ‏,יאללה ‏,טוב“‏ ‏”ביי“‏ And the conversation was over.This idea is exactly what the wordsהו“‏ Hebrew, In simple ‏.אללה ‏-יא together: is actually two separate words joined יאללה The wordGod.”) (“Oh, ‏”.אלוקיםThe word ביי just comes from the English word “goodbye.” “Goodbye” is simply a שיבוש of thephrase “God be with you.” In the 16th century, people began shortening this phrase to “Godb.w.y.” After many more ‏,שיבושים the phrase turned into “goodbye” as we know it today.mean. ביי יאל להעצ מכםלע תשמרו So,you! Amen!. Or, יהיה שהאלוקים ‏,אלוקים הו ‏,טוב ‏-אתכם Good, Oh God, may God be with

אחת רגל על On One Footביי י אללה ‏,טוב languages: When we leave someone, we say to them in three differentלמחשבה Thought- ForWhich American president used in his הכתרה נאום words that exist in three languages? Yes WeCan!סלנ ג ‏(ג)‏ ופרידה מפגש ברכותGreetings for Meeting and Leaving- Slangעברי בסלנג ‏”שלומך מה”ל תשובות6 מספר שיחהפיצוץ ‏,ז”חבל ‏,סבבה ‏,כף ‏,אכבר ‏,אחלה ‏,הפנים על words: TheOrigin of the Words: Mostly ArabicIntended Audience: EveryoneKey Words:Face ‏-פניםAbbreviated ‏-מקוצרParallel ‏-מקבילהTo fall ‏-ליפולרצון שביעות-‏SatisfactionSweet ‏-מתוקFiguratively ‏-בהשאלהPleasure ‏-הנאהCannabis ‏-חשישTask ‏-משימהReason ‏-היגיוןWaste ‏-בזבוזExperience ‏-חוויההשיחה מהלך conversation- Developing the‏”?הפנים על“‏ What is the source of the sayingThe saying על“‏ ‏”הפנים is a מקוצר saying. In Yiddish, “panim,” or “punim,” is used in manysayings, most of which were translated into Hebrew. For example, פון אראפ“‏ ‏”פנים (Araf funpunim) became לו ירדו“‏ ‏”,הפנים “his face fell.” In other words, he has just reacted to somethingbad that happened, just as what happened in the Torah in Genesis (Breisheet), נפלו“‏ ‏”,פניו “hisface fell.”The phrase א פור וואס“‏ ‏”פנים (Vas for a punim) became יהיה פרצוף איזה“‏ ‏”?לי (What an expressionI will have on my face)!מקבילה (a patsch in punim), a slap in the face, in English also has a ‏”פנים אין פאטש א“‏ The phrasein Russian. The saying על“‏ ‏”הפנים might be a מקוצר form of על ‏]מכה[‏ קיבלתי“‏ ‏”.הפנים (I gotslapped in the face.) In other words, "I’m not doing great." There is another מקבילה in Hebrew,

y Yehudit Ravitz: "I ‏”געגוע“‏ (to fall on one’s face), which is found in the song ‏”הפנים על ליפול“‏swore to guard my beliefs/ I didn’t know how to avoid falling on my face."אחלה‏.מתוק means very אחלה Arabic, In ‏.רצון שביעות This word means good, excellent, a word ofWhen understood ‏,בהשאלה it means "good," "wonderful."אכברIt means “the greatest,” and there are many phrases in Hebrew that use this word. For example,greatest). (Allah, or God, is the ‏”אכבר אללהו“‏ (a great man), and of course, the saying ברג אכברכיףThis word means both הנאה and חשיש in Arabic.סבבהThis word means great or excellent in Arabic. In Hebrew in recent years, there has been a shift inusage of this word: In the past סבבה was used to describe רצון שביעות with something. Now, weoften use the word when talking about an unpleasant ‏.משימה For example, “Honey, could you‏”.סבבה“‏ dishes?” please wash theThe saying אגוזים סבבה is similar to יופי“‏ ‏-”טופי a silly way of saying that everything is good.ז”חבלThis is a shortened version of the phrase על חבל“‏ ‏”הזמן which is said when someone wants toexplain why there is no היגיון for בזבוז of time.Today, the saying has another function as well. Rather than take the time to describe in detailhow incredible a חוויה was, simply, say על חבל“‏ ‏”.הזמן In the past, people responded to questions‏”.הזמן על חבל“‏ etc. but now, that answer is ‏”,אחלה“‏ ‏”,הכיפאק על“‏ withפיצוץThis word has its origins in the army, meaning explosion. It’s meaning in slang is "wonderful,""excellent."וסבו נכד בין שיח דו ‏-החדשה העברית השפה(A conversation between a grandfather and grandson demonstrating the “New Hebrew”)Grandson: Hey, SabbaGrandfather: ShalomGrandson: ‏?כיאיף What’s up?Grandfather: What?GS: מה ‏?שלומך How are you?GF: Ah, good ‏,תודה and you?סבבה GS:‏?שלומך מה GF: I asked youGS: And I answered... excellentGF: I didn’t understand. How is school?GS: עשר Ten

GF: Excellent. A Ten is the best grade you can get.GS: That’s not my grade, that’s how school is.GF: When do you finish?GS: I finish in two monthsGF: And then, you will begin to work?GS: No, there’s no work in my field right now.GF: So what will you do?GS: ‏,סתלבג ‏.גב-בטן Saddle bag, on my stomach and my back.GF: What?GS: I’ll hang out and do nothing.GF: And how will you support yourself?GS: אללה ‏!כרים Allah will provide!GF: What, now you’ve converted to Islam?GS: No, it’s a saying.GF: How is your girlfriend?GS: כוסית חתיכת A great slice.GF: What?פצצה GS:GF: What explosion? There was another ‏?פיגוע (terrorist attack)GS: No, it’s a saying that means, like, really pretty.GF: When will you get married?GS: What is burning? Who died?GF: Someone in our family died!?GS: No, it’s a saying.GF: How is your apartment?GS: הזמן על חבל It’s incredible.GF: You’ve only lived there for two minutes, and you are already anxious about time?GS: No, it’s a saying.GF: Are your parents helping you at all?GS: Nada, Maniakim! (Maniacs!)GF: I don’t understand- they have mental problems?‏(כבדים)‏ GS: No, it’s a saying. They aren’t helping even though they are heavyGF: Fat?GS: No, full of money.GF: Oh, okay. It’s so nice that you came to visit me today. You don’t have school?GS: I became the breeze.GF: What, you work in plumbing?GS: No... it’s a... yes.GF: This is what comes out of all of your studies? Installation?GS: ‏.סתאאאאאאאם Just kidding...למחשבה Thought- ForTry to translate the slang words in the story below.Who is an Israeli ‏?ישראלי יהו מ(For staff and older)

Should I explain to you who is an Israeli?He is אניוואן (anyone) who gets up in the morning, jumps into שורטס (shorts), goes outside(babies) in בייביס (jogging), like anyone else. In the meantime, his wife dresses the וגינג’לגcheese), (cottage קוטג (kickers, sneakers), feeds them קיקרס (t-shirts), puts on their טיששרטסgives them chocolate milk to drink until the קרייזי returns. She puts the טוסטר (toaster) און (on)ספלנדיד וקפה קריקרס (anyhow for breakfast) of קפסט אניהא and when he returns, they sit(crackers and splendid coffee). And before you can say “Jack Robinson,” he is already stuck in(downtown). לדאונטאון (traffic) on his way טרפיקShe in the meantime begins ראן טו (to run) the משינרי (machinery), וההלנדר המיקסר (the mixerand the blender), והשטינקר הקלינר (the cleaner and the “stinker”-dog), that ran outside!And the husband, after he quit two or three טיים (times), began smoking “Kent” (“Marlboro isnot his אופ קאפ ‏-טי cup of tea!). He made a קול דיסטנס לונג (long distance call) to his brother inפיילס (to commit suicide) in a pile of סואיסייד קומיט טו Miami and three to his broker and went(files).And she, where is she? ‏?במינימרקט (in the minimarket?)- No. ‏?בסופרמרקט (In the supermarket?)-No and no. ‏?בהיפרמרקט (in the hypermarket?)- No, No, No! קי י או (okay), ‏!בדראגסטור (In theלליידי boots), (Italian בוטס איט אלייןלבר וdrugstore!) Who else but her is buying אגי (baggy) pants and(for a lady). And what for him? Maybe a בלייזר (blazer) or אפטרשייב (aftershave). Or, perhaps ait!) (You know, he likes ‏!איט לייקס הי ‏,נו יו girls). (naked גרלס נייקיד (Penthouse) with ‏”פנטהאוז“‏סיק גוד פור (cassettes), קסטות (our young boy?) What, another six ‏?בוי יאנג And what about ourיו (tapes)! טייפ (video)! Also וידאו (stereo), and also סטריאו (for God’s sake!) He also has aboy) (my ‏!בוי מי exaggerate) (You ‏!אגזגרייטפוטו פספורט (click)- here is a קליק here. (photo shop) שופ פוטו It’s lucky that there is also aב(passport photo). גאש (gosh)! ארטר’לצ בוקינג עושים ‏,האו א ני (anyhow, we are booking a charter)America! (Boeing) 707 and we are off to בואינגשי pubs), (you know, we have פאבס שי ‏,נו יו all! But what? Here in Israel, we also have it(you know), you can נו יו (disco). דיסקו (we have nightclubs), we have lots and lots of נייטקלאבסבטי הנטרטיינמנט (at home)- there is plenty of הום אט (drinks) or simply stay דרינקס also relax over(funk) פאנק (entertainment on TV): there is Rod Stewart, and Olivia Newton-John. There is ויand more!And this is so people don’t say that this was not what life is really like! I am saying the oppositewehave so much more now than we did before! What is there to say? קומפליין נו (no complaint)!I am totally האפי (happy)! And anyone who does not feel this way should go to America! I amstaying here- I am an Israeli!שב ת7 מספר שיחהדקות time: 5-6 Amount ofOrigin of the Word: Babyloniaהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: Intended

Tuesday is יום ‏,שלישי named after the Norse god TyrWednesday is יום ‏,רביעי named after the Anglo-Saxon god Odin (or Wodin)Thursday is יום ‏,חמישי named after אל ‏,הרעם Thor, the Norse god of thunderFriday is יום ‏,שישי named after Freya, a goddess of loveShabbat in Judaism:In the Torah, שבת was the day on which God finished creating the world, and ‏,שבת took a break,from working. This is how we get the name of the day, Shabbat. In Judaism, this day became theוישבות ‏,עשה אשר מלאכתו מכל השביעי ביום אלהים ויכל ‏.צבאם וכל והארץ השמים ויכלו rest: weekly day ofברא אשר ‏,מלאכתו מכל שבת בו כי ‏,אותו ויקדש השביעי יום את אלהים ויברך ‏.עשה אשר מלאכתו מכל השביעי ביום(And the heavens and the earth and everything in them were completed. God ‏”.לעשות אלהיםfinished creating the Shabbat day and all of God’s other word. Then God rested on the seventhday from all of the work that God had done. God blessed theseventh day and made it holy,because it was on this day that God stopped working and creating.)In Hebrew, the names of the days of the week סידוריים מספרי על מבוסס of each of those days inthe week, except for the seventh day- we do not call it השביעי יום but ‏.שבת Why do you think thatis? One reason can be found in a midrash told about a man named Shamai HaZaken. Everybeautiful thing he found during the week he would save especially for Shabbat. This sends aclear message to us: שבת is תכלית ‏.השבוע This is the day on which people should not work butrest, and learn. The names of the other days of the week (or lack of names) help show us howimportant שבת is as a יום ‏,מרכזי the central day of the entire week. The Romans connected thisday to the god Saturn, who is called שבתאי in Hebrew. In English, “Saturday” is “Saturn’s Day.”All over Europe and America, Saturday (along with Sunday) is a day of rest.למחשבה Thought- ForWhat is the origin of the word “cholent,” the special stew that many people eat on Shabbat? Ithas French origins. Chaud means ‏,חם hot. Lent means ‏,לאט slow. When you combine these wordsyou get the slowly cooked food that most Ashkenazi Jews know as “cholent.”אחת רגל על On One FootShabbat is the day of breaking or resting from work, it’s name is not based on the fact that it isthe מרכז of the entire week.תיאו ם ‏(ישיבת)‏8 מספר שיחהדקות time: 3-4 Amount ofעברית word: Origin of theהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedDictionary Definition: הקבלה (parallel), the arrangement of one thing so that it matches with

another thing- to coordinatePhrases:Coordination Meeting ‏-תיאום ישיבתSiamese twins ‏-סיימים תאומיםA lie has no legs ‏-רגליים אין לשקרKey Words:Parallel ‏-הקבלהAdjustment ‏-יתאיםSiamese twins ‏-סיימים תאומיםSenior ‏-בכירTwins ‏-תאומיםFit ‏-התאמהCoordinate ‏-לתאםUnified Identity ‏-אחידה זהותProper ‏-תקיןRoot ‏-שורש- Anagram ותיותTruth ‏-אמתStrong base ‏-יציב בסיסשיכול אהשיחה מהלך conversation- Developing theסיימים תאומים do almost every morning? What is the connection between הנהלה What does the‏?תיאום ישיבת and a‏.תיאום ישיבת staff of the camp meet every morning for a meeting that we call a בכיר All of theWhat words in עברית do you recognize that are similar to ‏?תיאום What is the connection between‏?תיאום ישיבת and תאומיםIn עברית there are many words like it: ‏,מתאים ‏,התאמה ‏,תאומים ‏.לתאם All of these words have a‏.מ.א.ת made of the letters שורש connection to the‏.הקבלה When we do something that fits with something else, that is aThe word that best explains this idea is ‏.תאומים This word describes two siblings who were bornat the same time. In other words, they are connected with each other. They each have a ‏,הקבלה aconnection.When תאומים are born with their bodies connected they are called תאומים ‏,סיאמים and they share‏.אחידה זהות aFrom here, when we have תיאום ישיבות every day in camp, we are coordinating and adjustingschedules, projects, and ideas so that there will not be any confusion, and so that ‏(מתאימים)‏everything at camp can run smoothly and be organized.We meet in order לתאם everything between us.When someone does something that is not תקין we say that this is לא“‏ ‏”,מתאים or not appropriate.We do not think the same way about that matter. There is no התאמה between us, we thinkdifferently.For Your Entertainment:

שיכול It’s a ‏.אמת as שורש has the same ‏.מ.א.ת The Vilna Gaon (a great Jewish scholar) said thatthe letters just switched places. That is to say, when we sit and meet about what happens ‏-אותיות‏.האמת in camp, we are always seeking to speak aboutThe word אמת has in it the first letter in the Hebrew alphabet- ‏,א the middle letter- ‏,מ and the lastletter- ‏.ת That is to say, things that are true are right from the beginning to the end. All of theseletters, ‏.מ ‏.א ‏.ת sit on a בסיס ‏,יציב but the letters ‏.ר.ק.ש (lie) are found near each other in theHebrew alphabet (and therefore do not have a strong base). In every letter in אמת there are two“legs” (of the letter) on the ground, but in the word ‏,שקר each letter has only one leg on theground.‏!!רגליים אין לשקר saying: From here, we get thisאחת רגל על On One FootIn a תיאום ישיבת we coordinate the ideas, projects, and times for everything that happens atcamp.למחשבה Thought- ForWho were the first תאומים in the Torah?חוד ש ראש9 מספר שיחהדקות Time: 3-4 Amount ofעברית Word: Origin of theהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedDictionary Definition: The first day of the monthKey Words:Useful‏-שימושיתMoon ‏-ירחSynonyms ‏-נרדפות מיליםRenewal ‏-חידושPart ‏-חלקPlan ‏-מתכנןIntentions ‏-כוונותMeal ‏-סעודהSanctified ‏-התקדשFestive ‏-)ת(חגיגיNew Moon ‏-ירח מולדAdjectives ‏-תואר שמות- Grain תבואהServed ‏-מוגש

השיחה מהלך conversation- Developing theWhat word is the most popular and שימושית in Israel? ‏!חדשות (News!)Today is ראש ‏!חודש What words do you recognize that are related to ‏?חודש Is there a connection‏?ירח are there for נרדפות מילים What ‏?ירח and חודש ראש betweenחדיש (new), חדש (news), חדשות example, For ‏.ש.ד.ח with the root עברית There are many words inמעשה יום בכל המחדש say, we חדש אור every day, in שמע Before we say the ‏.חידוש (modern), andCreation. The One Who makes every day new with acts of ‏.בראשיתIn ‏,עברית the word חודש is a period of time- around thirty days that are one חלק out of twelvesections of the year. However, this was not always the meaning of that word. We can learn aboutits other meaning from this story: In the book of I Samuel chapter 20, David is afraid of Sauland says to Jonathan (Saul’s son) that his father is trying to kill him. They מתכננים a test forJonathan to check his father’s ‏.כוונות There was a set time that David always ate a סעודה withSaul. המלך עם אשב ישוב ואנכי מחר חודש הנה יהונתן אל דוד ויאמר“‏ ‏”.לאכול David said to Jonathan,“Tomorrow is a new moon, and I am supposed to sit and eat with the king. David decided thatיהונתן לו ויאמר“‏ king. this time, he would not come to eat with theJonathan said to him (David), “Tomorrow is the new moon, and you will be missed, your seatwill be empty.” The meaning of the word חודש here is is the same as the meaning of the phrase‏.חגיגית סעודה and made special with a התקדש This day is ‏.”חודש ראש“‏The word חודש comes from the root letters ‏.ש.ד.ח It teaches us about the ירח that is renewed,when it begins its cycle again. From this meaning of the word ‏,חדש we got the day in which wesee מולד ‏.הירח The connection between a new moon ירח)‏ ‏(חדש and a month ‏(חודש)‏ can also beseen through a connection with the word ‏,ירח a נרדפת מילה with ‏.חודש In English (and manyother European languages), we also find connections between the words “month” and “moon.”‏”.מושבך יפקד כי ונפקדת חדש מ חר‏.ש.ד.ח Words and Sayings From the Rootוחדיש חדשThese are two similar שמות ‏,תואר one that is old and one that is new: ‏,חדש (from the Torah),represents something that did not exist before, was not used before, or something new that youown. ‏,חדיש (from modern Hebrew), describes something that is modern, a style that we did nothave before now. Now, can you tell the difference between a telephone that is חדש versus a‏?חדיש telephone that isתוציאו חדש לפני וישןSomething which is new pushes out the old. According to the Torah in Leviticus (Vayikra)will be so plentiful that you will have to תבואה The ‏”.תוציאו חדש מפני וישן נושן ישן ואכלתם“‏ 26:10,move out the old grain to make room for the new!לבקרים חדשות ‏,לבקרים חדשיםWe say this about things that occur often. It comes from Lamentations (Eicha) 3:23 (read onTisha B’Av): רבה לבקרים חדשים“‏ ‏”אמונתך and means, “They are new in the mornings, great is yourfaithfulness.”

השמש תחת חדש איןחדש לכ ואין שיעשה הוא שנעשה ומה שיהיה הוא שהיה מה“‏ :1:9 (Kohelet) This comes from Ecclesiasties“What was will be, and what was done will be done. There is nothing new under the ‏”.השמש תחתsun.”חדש בקנקן ישן ייןOld wine in a new jug. We say this about something that is old and good that is מוגש in‏”.בו שיש במה אלא בקנקן תסתכל אל אומר רבי“‏ ,4:20 something new. According to the Mishnah Avot“Rabi said, don’t look at the container but what is inside of it.”אחת רגל על On One FootFrom this root, we have words that are related to התחדשות (renewal).למחשבה Thought- ForDo you know other words for the word ירח (moon)?ספ ורט10 מספר שיחהדקות Time: 3-4 Amount ofOrigin of the Word: Greekהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedDictionary Definition: All physical activities of the bodyKey Words:Invented ‏-המציאExit ‏-יציאהOutside the gates of the city ‏-העיר לשערי מחוץ אל יציאהOld ‏-עתיקהIs developing ‏-ומתפתח הולךEndurance ‏-סיבולתCult‏-פולחןHealthy ‏-בריאיםSlogan ‏-סיסמהThe world belongs to young people ‏-לצעירים שייך העולםPhysical activities ‏-הגופניות פעילויותGymnastics ‏-התעמלותהשיחה מהלך conversation- Developing the‏.הספורט מגרשי of course! All summer, we play on ‏,ספורט camp? is the most popular at ענף WhatWe love football, ‏,בסיס כדור ‏,כדורגל tennis, כדור ‏,כדורעף ‏,סל and more!

See how we say this word in other languages:English: sportItalian: sportGerman: sportFrench: sportRussian: sportSpanish: deporteהמציא מי place? These words all sound the same! From where did we take this word in the firstMaccabees? and the חנוכה and the holiday of ספורט What is the connection between ‏?ספורטלשערי מחוץ אל יציאה The origin of the word sport is the Latin word “desperate” which means(outside the gates of the city). In Ancient Greece, the mother of modern sport, physical העירactivities were very important. Since then, מפתח הולך ספורט (is developing). There is anotheropinion that says that the word comes from the Latin word “support,” which means endurance,Some say that the origin of the word “sport” is the Greek city-state Sparta, because there ‏.סיבולתsport was considered like a ‏,פולחן a cult. Spartans believed that people needed to be בריאים and‏.לצעירים שייך העולם was: סיסמה beautiful. TheirIn Hebrew, all הגופניות פעילויות are called ‏,התעמלות from the root ‏,ל.מ.ע meaning work. Surely,when we exercise the different parts of our body, they are working hard.אחת רגל על On One Foot‏.התעמלות activities we call ספורט The word “sport” comes from Sparta. Allלמחשבה Thought- ForOne of the great Jewish wise men said: בריא בגוף בריאה נפש (a healthy soul in a healthy body).Who was this wise man? What was he talking about?וזמרי ה11 מספר שיחהדקות Time: 3-4 Amount ofעברית Word: Origin of theהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedDictionary Definition: A gathering of singers to present songs.Key Words:Consists of ‏-מ מורכבתEnrich ‏-להעשירSuffix ‏-סיומת

Collection ‏-אוסףTo cut ‏-לקצץ ‏,לחתוךThe bad and negative branches of our bodies and souls ‏-ובנפשינו בגופינו והשליליים הרעים הענפיםהשיחה מהלך conversation- Developing the‏?תפילות What word do you see repeated in the verses below from our‏”בעודי לאלוהי אזמרה בחיי ‏’לה אשירה“‏(I will sing to God in my with my life, I will sing to God with my strength)בתודה נזמרה(We will sing in thanks)השבת ליום שיר מזמור(We will sing a song to the Shabbat day)‏.לשיר sing, which means to לזמר and its verb ‏,שיר which means song, or זמר Answer: the wordWhat do we do during a ‏?זמריה During a ‏,זמריה we sing!The word מורכבת זמריה from: ‏.יה+זמר This is one of the ways להעשיר the Hebrew language: wetake a noun and add a special ‏.סיומת For example, the suffix יה can mean:a. place- מאפיה ‏,ספריה (library, baker)b. collection of things- ברזיה ‏,צמחיה (vegetation, a drinking fountain)c. vessels and tools- מימיה ‏,שמשיה ‏,מטריה ‏,אזניה (earphone, umbrella, parasol, canteen)d. a smaller version of something- נקניקיה ‏,עוגיה (cookie, hot dog)e. articles of clothing- מצחיה ‏,שכמיה (shawl, visor)f. food- פטריה ‏,עגבניה ‏,לחמניה (bun/roll, tomato, mushroom)The הי - סיומת in the word זמריה represents an אוסף of songs by the different עדות at camp. Eachsong. sings a special עדה‏?לזמר Do you know another meaning of the wordHere’s a hint: One of מלאכות the 39 (the types of work we are not supposed to do on Shabbat) iscut? to ‏,לזמר to sing, and ‏,לזמר So what is the connection between ‏.לקצץ ‏,לחתוך like ‏,לזמרRav Kook said that songs are very important and can help us. When we sing, we cut all of thesouls. The bad and negative branches of our bodies and ‏,ובנפשינו בגופינו והשליליים הרעים הענפיםאחת רגל על On One FootThe word זמריה comes from the word ‏,לזמר to sing, and it also has a connection with the actionof cutting branches.For Your Entertainment:

The Academy for Hebrew Language decided that the word “jungle” would be called a זמריר inHebrew, from the root ‏,זמר or song.למחשבה Thought- ForHow can we cut the bad branches, הרעים ענפים on Shabbat specifically? On Shabbat we say theline: ליום שיר מזמור ‏.השבת What do you think this means? What might the connection be?מחז מר12 מספר שיחהדקות Time: 5-6 Amount ofעברית Word: Origin of theהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedDictionary Definition: A combination of מחנה (play) and זמר (song)- a musicalKey Words:Remember ‏-זוכריםImpressive ‏-מרשיםShow ‏-הצגהRhinoceros ‏-קרנףCable railway ‏-רכבלSoccer ‏-כדורגלLighthouse ‏-מגדלורAppearance ‏-מראהRevelation ‏-התגלותPlaywright ‏-מחזאיVisualize ‏-לחזותAstrologer‏-בכוכבים חוזההשיחה מהלך conversation- Developing theWhat do we זוכרים most about camp many years later? What is the thing that is most מרשים andamazing over the course of the summer? Of course, the play that each עדה does is the most funpart of the summer!But how did we get the word ‏?מחזמר Do you recognize any other words in Hebrew that are acombination of two nouns? This word is made up of the two nouns + מחזה ‏,זמר what we also call‏.הצגה aThis is another way to enrich the Hebrew language. Here are more examples of words that arecombinations of two nouns:קרנף nose(= )horn + אף ‏+קרן

רכבל=)‏cable )car + כבל+רכבכדורגל=)‏foot‏+‏ ball‏(רגל+כדורמגדל ור+light(= )tower אור+מגדלWe already talked about the word ‏;זמר what about the word ‏?מחזה The word מחזה can mean aa picture. This word is found many times in the Tanakh, such as here in Genesis ‏,מראה(Breisheet): אברהם אל דבר ‏’ה דבר היה“‏ ‏”במחזה (The word of God came to Abraham in a vision.) In‏.מראה a ‏,מחזה of God in a התגלות other words, Abraham has a‏!מחזאי A ‏?מחזה What do we call someone who writes aFrom this word, we also get the verb ‏,לחזות such as in Psalm 27:” ולבקר ‏’ה בנועם לחזות ‏”בהיכלו (Toבשובך עינינו ותחזינה“‏ day: every עמידה look at God’s beauty and to visit God’s temple.). Or, in the‏”.בכוכבי ם חוזה“‏ (May our eyes see Your return to Zion). We also have the saying ‏”לציוןאחת רגל על On One Foot‏.מחזמר When we come to see a show that includes songs, we are seeing aלמחשבה Thought- ForWho was the חוזה (dreamer) of the Jewish state?ריקודי ה13 מספר שיחהדקות Time: 5-6 Amount ofעברית Word: Origin of theהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedDictionary Definition: A collection of dances and dancers.Phrases:Dance to the tune of something ‏-משהו של החליל לפי לרקודDance at two weddings ‏-חתונות שתי על לרקודKey Words:Dance ‏-ריקודHeaven forbid ‏-וחלילה חסBack‏-חלילה again חוזרDisplays ‏-מציגהCollection ‏-אוסףDance out ‏-במחול יוצאSynonym ‏-נרדפת מילהDancing in the vineyards ‏-בכרמים מחוללותMatchmaking Day ‏-השידוכים יוםGoes around ‏-מקיף

Cycle ‏-במחזוריותGod forbid ‏-ושלום חסהשיחה מהלך conversation- Developing theחס and ריקוד What is the connection between ‏?ריקוד What is another word that you know forKippur? and Yom ריקוד What is the connection between ‏?חלילה לחזור and ילהWe’ve already discussed זמריה and ‏,מחזמר but we also love ‏,לרקוד and at camp there are manytimes that we dance. We also have a special evening in which each עדה can מציגה ; we call‏.ריקודיה thisWe’re already talked about the suffix ‏.יה We said that it can represent an אוסף of something. Justas we have an אוסף of songs that we call ‏,זמריה we also have an אוסף of dances that we callרי קודוחל‏.ריקודיהThe word ריקוד means to move, מחול לצאת ‏,ב to jump for joy.From this, we get the saying: של החליל לפי לרקוד ‏.משהו In other words, to carry something outaccording to one’s own understanding. (To march to your own beat)We also have the saying: שתי על לרקוד ‏,חתונות or to do two things at once.In Hebrew, we have a נרדפת מילה for ‏;ריקוד that word is ‏.מחול We have written in the Mishnah(Taanit 4:8): Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said: There were no days as good for the Jews as the15th of Av or Yom Kippur, because on those days, the young women of Israel would go out inborrowed white garments so as not to embarrass those who did not have much. All of thegarments needed to be dipped (in the Mikvah). And the daughters of Jerusalem would go out‏.בכרמים מחוללות andIf ריקוד is the same as ‏,מחול then רקדן (dancer) is the same as ‏.מחולל As it is written in the Torah,(And Miriam the ‏”.ובמחולות בתופים אחריה הנשים כל ותצאנה בידה התוף את אהרון אחות הנביאה מרים ותקחprophet, the sister of Aaron, took the drum in her hand and all of the women came out after herwith drums and dance.)This is what we call יום ‏,האהבה the day of love, יום ‏.השידוכים The daughters of Israel go out to thevineyards and there they would dance and meet young men.The meaning of וחלילה חוזר is to return again and again, something מקיף and comes back to itsstarting point. חלילה is linked with the word מחול or ‏,ריקוד and מחוללים is the same as ‏.רוקדים Theחלילה dances in a circle, and the מחולל concept of going in a circle is the link between them. Theis the return of something over and over to its starting point, just like a circle.The process of ‏,מחזוריות the repeating of something in a cycle, is described in the Mishnah as‏.חלילה חוזרחס from the Tanakh and חלילה , that combines the idea of חלילה חס saying, There is a new‏.וחס חלילה say: . In the Middle Ages, people would חלילה חס from the Talmud. Today, we sayToday, we have similar sayings that come from many different time periods: חלילה from theו שלוםוו

השני בלוח of the name of the month is like that of all of the other names of the months מקור Theis mentioned in the Tanakh as the name of ‏”תמוז“‏ The name ‏.בבל בגלות they all originated ‏:העבריויבא“‏ (8:14): Ezekiel is mentioned in the book of אליל This ‏.הפריון אל the ‏:אליל the Babylonian(Then He brought me to ‏”.התמוז את מבכות ישבות הנשים שם והנה הצפו נה אל אשר ‏’ה בית שער פתח אל אתיthe opening of the gate of God’s house in the north, and behold, there were women sitting andcrying for Tammuz.) The origin of the name, according to the commentators discussing thisverse, is an aramaic word that means ‏.חום This god would use heat to do his work, and his eyes,which would בחום שניתכת ממתכת ‏,נמוך were portrayed as ‏,נמסות so that it looked like the statuesof him were crying. This name was given to the month in the middle of the summer, tosymbolize the heat of the summer.The name תמוז is also the Arabic and Turkish name for the month of July, on the GregorianCalendar.The astrological sign of the month is ‏,סרטן because of the כוכבים מערכת that looks like a סרטן thatcan be seen in the sky during this month, and also because of המתרבים המים סרטני during thismonth.The month of תמוז is very important in השנה לוח ‏,העברי because it was during this month that thepeople of Israel experienced many צרות throughout history.The date ז”י ‏,תמוז when על המצור הכל ‏,ירושלים was established by the rabbis as a fast day thatbegins שלושת ‏,השבועות the three weeks between תמוז ז”י and תשעה ‏,באב when the Temple wasdestroyed in Jerusalem.גלתה“‏ 1:3): (Lamentations איכה because of a verse in ‏”המצרים בין“‏ These three weeks are called(Judah has gone into ‏”.המצרים בין השיגוה רודפיה כל מנח מצאה ולא בגויים ישבה היא עבודה ומרב ‏,מעני יהודהexile because of affliction and great slavery. She dwells among the nations and finds no rest. Allof her pursuers overtook her between the bridges.)During this period, many Jewish communities adopted the custom of observing אבלות מנהגי onthis day.‏:באב תשעה and five on תמוז ז”י There are five things that the rabbis described happening onOn ז”י ‏:תמוז the תמיד sacrifice was discontinued, לוחות נשברו ‏,הברית the city was breached,Apastimos burned the Torah, and an idol was put up in the hall of the Temple.On תשעה ‏:באב Our ancestors were told that they would not enter the land of Israel, the firstTemple was destroyed, the second Temple was destroyed, Beitar was captured, and the city ofJerusalem was destroyed.As it says in Mishnah Taanit 4:6: ממעטין אב משנכנס“‏ ‏”בשמחה (When Av starts, we decrease ourhappiness)אחת רגל על On One FootThe name תמוז is that of a Babylonian god who dies and is born anew during the summer. InJudaism, this is the fourth month, the month during which the walls of Jerusalem were broken.For Your Entertainment:There is a verse in the Tanakh, in Genesis (Breisheet 15:13) that includes all of the fast days:strangers.) (It will surely be known to you that your offspring will be ‏”זרעך יהיה גר כי תדע ידוע“‏טבת ‏’י = דע יבאב תשעה = תדעכיפור יום = כי

marked the end of the time in which, according to the Babylonian Talmud (Bava Batra 121a)‏.המזבח שעל המערכה לצורך עצים חתכו theyThe word ‏,גלות or exile, is one of the most important words in the history of the Jewish people.This was the event during which the people had to leave the land of Israel for other lands that didnot belong to them, lands in which they did not choose to live. The word גלות usually refers tothe land to which the Jews were exiled, or to the land from which they were expelled. The phrasefor example, refers to the exile of the people of Judah, who were expelled to live in ‏,יהודה גלותBabylonia by the Babylonians.The root of the word גלות is ‏,ה.ל.ג and from it we get the similar word ‏,גולה or diaspora. From thisroot we recognize other words, such as גלוי (revealed), תגלית (discover), and more. What is theconnection between these words and the people who went into ‏?גלות One who goes into גלות issomeone whom others חושפים from his or her place of origin, from his or her land.When we talk about something that is long and boring, we say: הגלות כאורך ארוך (as long as theexile).The month of אב is also called אב מנחם (Av of Consolation) because many believe that this is amonth of ואבלות פורענות on the Hebrew calendar, that came to שיא with the חורבן of the Templeon תשעה ‏.באב There is an aggadah in the Talmud that tells that the Mashiach will be born duringthe month of אב and his name will be מנחם (Menachem).According to Jewish tradition, the astrological sign of this month is an ‏.אריה This sign isconnected with the blessing of Bilam: וכארי יקום כלביא עם הן ‏”יתנשא (They are a nation that risesup like a lion.) That is to say, despite the decrees and troubles that they faced, the nation will rise‏.גאולה to חורבן up from theThe rabbis said in the Mishnah (Taanit 26:2): ממעטין אב משנכנס“‏ ‏”בשמחה (When the month of Avcomes in, we reduce our happiness), because the days of this month are days of mourning for thedestruction of the Temple. Therefore, we do not make celebratory feasts, eat meat, or drink wine.Sephardic Jews are מקפידים only for the week of תשעה ‏,באב from after the end of חזון שבת until‏.באב תשעה afterאחת רגל על On One FootThe name of the month of אב comes from the word אביב (barley), the crop that is harvested‏.גלות of the Temple and the חורבן during this month. During this month we mourn for theלמחשבה Thought- For‏?אקרוסטיכון What book of the Tanakh has five chapters, four of which are written inFor Your Entertainment:In the Shulchan Aruch, there is a trick to remember all of the important Jewish holidays,beginning with Pesach. It goes according to the language of ש”ב ת”א (The first and last lettersmatch up, 2nd and 2nd from last, and so on).‏(א)‏ First day of Pesach‏(ב)‏ Second day of Pesach‏(ג)‏ Third day of Pesach‏(ת)‏ באב תשעה‏(ש)‏ Shavuot, Yom YerushalayimRosh Hashana and Rishon (first days)‏(ר)‏ of Sukkot and Shemini Atzeret

‏(ד)‏ Fourth day of Pesach‏(ה)‏ Fifth day of Pesach‏(ו)‏ Sixth day of Pesach‏(ז)‏ Seventh day of PesachSimchat Torah (Kriyat-Reading the‏(ק)‏ Torah)‏(צ)‏ Days) Yom Kippur (and other Fast‏(פ)‏ Purim‏(ע)‏ Yom Haatzmautבמחנה חשובות שבתותנחמו שבת + חזון שבת16 מספר שיחהדקות Time: 5-6 Amount ofעברית Words: Origin of theהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedWord Key:Prophetic picture ‏-נבואית תמונהTo observe ‏-ולהתבונן להסתכלProphet ‏-חוזהFamous ‏-מפורסמיםEstablishment of the (Jewish) state ‏-המדינה הקמתPlay ‏-מחזהPlaywright ‏-מחזאיVision ‏-חזיוןOutlook ‏-חזותWeather ‏-אוויר מזגForecaster ‏-חזאיComfort ‏-נחמוSeries ‏-סדרההשיחה מהלך conversation- Developing theחזון שבתהפטרה named after the ‏,חזון שבת is called “Shabta Deporanuta” and also באב תשעה before שבת Thethat begins with the words: בן ישעיהו חזון“‏ ‏”אמוץ (The vision of Isaiah son of Amotz)חזון a prophecy that the world will become a better place. The word ‏,נבואית תמונה is a חזון Acomes from the root ‏.ה.ז.ח The meaning of the word לחזות means להסתכל ‏.ולהתבונן A person whois a חוזה generally refers to someone who can see the future, things that a normal person wouldחוזה“‏ not be able to see. A person who looks at the stars for signs of prophecy is called aState) (The Jewish ‏”היהודים מדינת“‏ Benjamin Ze’ev (Theodore) Herzl wrote the book ‏”.בכוכביםmore than 120 years ago, and in it he spoke of a state that would one day belong to the Jews.‏”הימים אחרית חזות“‏ mind: come to מפורסמים חזונות When we speak of the prophets of Israel, many(The vision of the end of days) was the prophecy of Isaiah which predicted the days in which

there would be peace all over the world. העצמות חזון“‏ ‏”היבשות (The vision of the dry bones) wasthe prophecy of Ezekiel which spoke of the dead coming back to life. The prophecy of Herzl andhis fellow dreamers about ישראל מדינת הקמת is called החזון“‏ ‏”הציוני (The Zionist Vision).‏,מחזה When we to go the theater, we see a ‏.ה.ז.ח There are other words that come from the root‏.חזיון A show that we both see and hear is called a ‏.מחזאי and the person who wrote it is called aThe way things seem to us: people, homes, and more about our lives, is called ‏,חזות or outlook.When we want to know what the אוויר מזג will be, to know what kind of clothing to wear, weחזאי (the weather forecast) on the television or radio, to hear what the האוויר מזג תחזית listen to‏.האוויר מזג predicts something; he predicts ‏,חוזה just like the ‏,חזאי says. Theנחמו שבתThere is another important שבת during the month of ‏,אב called שבת ‏.נחמו This is the first שבת afterin which Isaiah tells the ‏,הפטרה also gets its name from the first words of its שבת This ‏.באב תשעהpeople נחמו נחמו“‏ ‏”עמי (Be comforted, my people). After this ‏,שבת we begin to read a סדרה ofשבעה“‏ are known as שבתות These ‏.השנה ראש (comfort) that lead up to נחמה of הפטרות sevencomfort). (the seven of ‏”דנחמתאלמחשבה Thought- ForCan you read this sentence?אבאאבאבאבאבלאבבבאב‏.אב Hint: It is connected with the month ofהורים ‏(יום)‏17 מספר שיחהדקות Time: 4-5 Amount ofעברית Word: Origin of theהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedDictionary Definition: A mother and fatherKey Words:Teaching ‏-הוראהMount Moriah ‏-המוריה הרDirection ‏-כיווןRole ‏-התפקידEstablished ‏-הוקםTo show ‏-להראותMyrrh ‏-מורFear ‏-יראה

השיחה מהלך conversation- Developing the‏?המוריה הר ‏,מורים ‏,הוראה ‏,הורים between: In your opinion, what is the relationshipThey all come from the same root in ‏:עברית the letters ‏.ה.ר.י which means ‏,כיוון way, and indeed,הר (teacher) and מורה the correct way, just like a להראות instruct, to ‏,להורות is הורים of תפקיד the‏.הוקם upon which the Temple ‏,המוריה‏:”מוריה“‏ The rabbis suggested many explanations for the name-From the language of ‏-הוראה It was from המוריה הר that הוראה to the people of Israel.-From the language of ‏-מור It was from this mountain that sacrifices were offered, and theincense rose.-From the language of ‏-יראה This mountain evokes יראת the‏)’ה fear of God)אחת רגל על On One FootThe role of המוריה והר ‏,מורים ‏,הורים is להראות the correct ‏,כיוון the right path.For Your Entertainment:A student once wrote to me:In school they want us to,-get up in the morning like תרנגולים (chickens)-run to school like איילות (gazelles)-to be diligent like נמלים (ants)-to copy from the blackboard like קופים (monkeys)-and to sit quietly like דגים (fish)... after all of that, the teachers are angry and wonder why we act like חיות (animals)!דואר ‏(יום)‏18 מספר שיחהדקות Time: 4-5 Amount ofOrigin of the Word: Aramaicהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedDictionary Definition: A way of sending letters, telegrams, and packages all over the worldPhrases:Air mail ‏-אוויר דוארCertified mail ‏-רשום דוארPO box ‏-דואר תאCarrier pigeon ‏-דואר יונתE-mail ‏-אלקטרוני דואר

Key Words:Ball ‏-כדורMailman ‏-דוורCampfire ‏-מדורהTransfer ‏-להעביר- Shipping שלוחPackage ‏-חבילהTurned ‏-הסתובבIn ancient times ‏-קדם בימיMessage ‏-הודעה-Round עגול ‏,מעגלGeneration ‏-דורApartment ‏-דירהמהשיחה מהלך conversation- Developing theIs there a connection between כדור and דואר or ‏?דוור How is מדורה connected to these words aswell?‏.חבילה by means of a letter or a משלוח words in text or money, or להעביר is a way דואר Well,‏.דוור is delivered by the דואר The ‏”.דואר דבר“‏ is called a דואר Anything that is sent in theבימי This is because ‏.הסתובב comes from the Aramaic word for דואר The meaning of the wordfor many days in order to deliver להסתובב something, one would need להעביר in order ‏,קדםon orally, through word of mouth, but when writing הודעות At first, people passed ‏.ההודעהdeveloped, they began sending written הודעות on paper and papyrus.If the word דואר is connected with the word סביב (moving around), you can also see that a כדור is‏.מסתובב it rolls, and ‏,עגולFrom this, we can also connect the word ‏-דור it’s connected to the rotation ‏(סבב)‏ of the years,life). (the circle of חיים מעגלThe word דירה is also connected to דור words, because in the past, homes were built in the shape‏.מעגל of aEven מדורה is related- we sit in a מעגל around it.‏.דואר he walks around, and delivers ‏,מסתובב דוור Theאחת רגל על On One Foot‏,דוור like: which means to go around. From here, we get words דור comes from דואר The wordaround. All of these words relate to the concept of going ‏.מדורה ‏,דואר ‏,כדורלמחשבה Thought- For‏?”דואר“‏ What word did Eliezer ben Yehuda first come up in Hebrew instead ofHint: The runners went out quickly (to deliver the message).For Your Entertainment:The Arabic saying באלאק דיר is related to our word דואר as well. Just as we explained that דור and

we mean to say to be באלאק דיר and going around, when we say הסתובב are related to דירהcareful, change your focus and attention, and turn to go in the right direction.באב טו19 מספר שיחהדקות Time: 4-5 Amount ofעברית Word: Origin of theהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedDictionary Definition: A holiday that was established in Israel during the time of the SecondTemple, during which the young women of Jerusalem would go out and dance in the vineyards.Key Words:Hatred ‏-שנאהReconciliation ‏-פיוסEchoes ‏-הדיםGo out in borrowed white clothing ‏-שאולין לבן בכלי יוצאותTo cause shame ‏-לבישDancing in the vineyards ‏-בכרמים ‏)רוקדות(‏ מחוללותFind partners ‏-זוג בני למצואVintage ‏-בצירEstablishment of the (Jewish) state ‏-המדינה הקמתIt is traditional events in the secular public ‏-הוא החילוני בציבור המסורתיים אירועיםPerformances ‏-זמר מופעיAdopted ‏-אימצהSingles ‏-ופנויות פנוייםWeddings ‏-חתונותהשיחה מהלך conversation- Developing theIn your opinion, what is the meaning of the word אהבה (love)? ‏?שנאה What is the connection‏?באב טו between Yom Kippur andThe fifteenth day of אב is celebrated in the fifth month (according to the biblical calendar). Themonth of אב is filled with mourning, until we get to באב טו which is a day of happiness and love.In Israel, באב טו is celebrated as a day of אהבה and ‏.פיוס The הדים of this holiday can be found inthe Tanakh in the book of שופטים (Judges). In the Mishnah, as the end of Tractate Taanit the dayis described:יום and באב טו Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said, “There were no days as great in Israel asלביש in order not ‏,שאולין לבן בכלי יוצאות On these days, the young women of Jerusalem ‏.הכפוריםמחוללות anyone who did not have their own. And the young women of Jerusalem went out and‏”.בכרמים ‏)רוקדות(‏

On this holiday, the young women of Jerusalem would wear white clothing and go out to dance‏.זוג בני למצוא in the vineyards in orderFrom the Tanakh, it’s clear that this holiday is mentioned as related to כרמים and to ‏.בציר Theholiday of באב טו comes at the time of הענבים בציר (grape harvest), between July and September.The connection between כרמים and אהבה can be found in the book השירים שיר (Song of Songs).וולנטיין יום we have come back to this holiday, and call it ‏,המדינה הקמת In modern Israel, afterאירועים (Valentine’s Day). One of theon the beach of the כינרת (Sea of Galilee). There are זמר מופעי for anyone who attends. In recentyears, the religious community אימצה this day, and there are many gatherings of ופנויות פנויים as‏.באב טו all over the country on חתונות well as many‏(אהבה ליל)‏ an evening of love הוא החילוני בציבור המ סורתייםאחת רגל על On One FootThe holiday of באב טו is a day of love that we first learn about in the book of שופתים (Judges) inthe Tanakh.למחשבה Thought- ForThe numeric value (in gematria) of אהבה is 13. What else in Judaism is connected to the number13?For Your Entertainment:אורה היתה ליהודים“‏ month. There are many holidays in Judaism that come on the 15th day of thehappiness: (For the Jews there was light and happiness). When there is light, there is ‏”ושמחהפסח is ניסן The 15th ofThe 15th of אב is האהבה חג (The holiday of love)סוכות is תשרי The 15th ofThe 15th of שבט is האילנות חג ‏,בשבט טו (Tu Bishvat, the holiday of the trees)פורים שושן is אדר The 15th ofושנאה אהבה20 מספר שיחהדקות Time: 4-5 Amount ofעברית Word: Origin of theהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedDictionary Definition: ‏-אהבה A strong feeling of connectedness and being drawn to another‏.אהבה The opposite of ‏-שנאה person.‏:אהבה Phrases ofPlatonic love ‏-אפלטונית אהבהEgoism, loving yourself ‏-עצמית הLove for other people ‏-הבריות אהבתאהב

Love of money ‏-בצע אהבת‏:שנאה Phrases ofHatred of cruelty ‏-חמס שנאתHate for no reason ‏-חינם שנאתStrong hatred ‏-מוות שנאתEverlasting hatred ‏-עולם שנאתKey Words:Similarity ‏-דמיון- Falling in loveBrotherhood ‏-אחווהThe three principles of the French Revolution ‏-הצרפתית המהפכה של העקרונות שלושתLiberty, Equality, Fraternity ‏-אחווה ‏,שוויון ‏,חירותWarriors” “Brotherhood of ‏-”לוחמים אחוות“‏Antisemitism ‏-אנטישמיות- The bush was a thorny bushSting ‏-עוקץהתאהבותקוצני שיח היה הסנההשיחה מהלך conversation- Developing theThis is a great opportunity to explain the origin of the word ‏.אהבה Let’s look at the word אהבה indifferent languages:בעברית אהבהHub in ArabicLove in EnglishAmour en FrancaisAmore in ItalienAmor in EspanolShalik in SwedishWe see that there is a דמיון between many of the the languages, such as French, Italian, andSpanish, which are all Latin-based languages. The origin of the word “love” is related to ‏,לב orheart. When we were kids, we drew ‏,לבבות hearts, and wrote “love” in English.In ‏,עברית the origin of the word אהבה is from ‏,”הב“‏ or to give something. What is אהבה then inואהב “ No! this case? Is it just the desire to receive something from another person?(love your neighbor as yourself)- just as I enjoy receiving something from another person, so toodo I want to give him/her, because someone else is happy to receive something from me.In English, there is one word that distinguishes between “to love” and “to fall in love.” It seemsthat it is not a coincidence that this extra word, to fall, is exactly what happens in ‏.התאהבות Wefall when we love and are loved.‏”כמוך לרעך תאחווההמהפכה של העקרונות שלושת people. means friendship, closeness between אחווה The word

which teaches the ‏,אח comes from the word אחווה The word ‏.אחווה ‏,שוויון ‏,חירות are: הצרפתיתidea that the connection between people is similar to that between siblings.The saying אחוות“‏ ‏”לוחמים emphasizes the special relationship between people who go to wartogether and find themselves in tough situations.שנאה‏?שנאה What is the origin of the wordThe Talmud (in Tractate Shabbat Chapter 9) explains the source of אנטישמיות through a play onwords: God gave the Torah to the Jews on סיני הר (Mount Sinai), and סיני and שנאה sound similar.Because the Torah was given at ‏,סיני there is שנאה in the world against Jews. As the Gemaraexplains, “ שנאה ירדה מכאן כי ‏”לעולם (from here, hatred descended on the world).שיח היה הסנה bush). (the burning באש הבוער סנה comes from the שנאה There are some who say thatעוקץ is someone who שונא that Moses saw. From here, we understand that someone who קוצני‏.סנה on the קוץ someone else, just like theWho is a חבר (friend)? One who ‏,מתחבר helps you to connect with others.And the ידיד (friend)? He is someone who gives you + יד ‏;יד when you combine them you get thenumber value 28 (each ‏=יד 14). The number 28 also represents כח (strength). This teaches us that‏.כח have ‏,ידידות our friends, ourהעצמאות יום21 מספר שיחהדקות Time: 4-5 Amount ofעברית Word: Origin of theהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedDictionary Definition: The national holiday of the State of Israel that recognizes that day onwhich the state was declared.Key Words:Independence ‏-עצמאותBone ‏-עצםCelebrating ‏-חוגגיםOpportunity ‏-הזדמנותNot be dependent on ‏-ב תלוי להיות לאFunctions on its own ‏-עצמו בכוחות שמתפקד מיDependent ‏-תלותיItself ‏-עצמוSelf-confidence ‏-עצמי בטחוןSelf- pity ‏-עצמיים רחמיםSelf-service ‏-עצמי שירותSelf-respect ‏-עצמי כבודThirteen horizontal stripes ‏-אופקיים פסים עשר שלושה

Blue rectangle with fifty stars ‏-כוכבים חמישים ובו כחול מלבןSymbolize ‏-מסמליםThe thirteen original colonies ‏-המקוריות המושבות עשרה שלושRebelled ‏-מרדוהשיחה מהלך conversation- Developing the‏?עצם and עצמאות According to your opinion, is there a connection betweenהזדמנות in the United States of America, so this is an העצמאות חג את חוגגים This time of year, weto talk about the word עצמאות and on words that are connected to it.שמתפקד מי is עצמאי on others. Someone who is תלוי להיות לא (independent) means עצמאי To bewhich is the ‏,תלות which comes from the word ‏,תלותי is עצמאי The opposite of ‏.עצמו בכוחות‏.תלותי on another person or thing is תלוי Someone who is ‏.עצמאות opposite of the wordThe word עצמו means: oneself, and no one else. The word בעצמו means: to do someone oneselfwithout anyone else’s help. For example: Moses עצמו did the work to save his people. Him, andno one else. Also: Moses did the work ‏,בעצמו without the help of anyone else. We say that an‏.עצמו and worries only about ‏,עצמו thinks only about ‏,עצמו את egoist only loves‏.עצמיים רחמים has עצמו and one who pities ‏,עצמי בטחון has עצמו Someone who is confident in‏.עצמי כבוד and עצמי שירות more: Let’s think ofThe American Flag:The flag of the United States ארצות דגל)‏ ‏(הברית is a flag that has אופקיים פסים עשר שלושה that arered and white, and חמישים ובו כחול מלבן ‏.כוכבים The fifty stars מסמלים the fifty states of theשלוש the מסמלים United States, and the thirteen stripesthe British, and that were the first states of the United States.against מרדו that המקוריות המושבות ע שרהאחת רגל על On One Foot‏.עצמאי on anyone else is תלוי Someone who is not ‏.תלוי לא or ‏,עצמאי is related to עצמאות The wordFor Your Entertainment:The Rav Kook said that the word עצמאות is a combination of + עצם ‏.א The letter א representsand then that ‏,אמונה or physical body, a person also needs strong ‏,עצם or faith. With the ‏,אמונה‏.עצמאות person can haveלמחשבה Thought- ForHow many presidents have there been in the United States? How old is the United States?בזמן הקשורים מושגים22 מספר שיחהדקות Time: 4-5 Amount ofעברית Word: Origin of the

הנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedKey Words:Amusement ‏-שעשועיםContact, Cleared ‏-שעהOffering ‏-מנחהLeisure ‏-פנאיTwice as much attention ‏-לב תשומת כפלייםDevote ‏-מקדישיםPrayer ‏-שוועההשיחה מהלך conversation- Developing theשעהAccording to your opinion, how did we get the word ‏?”שעה“‏ Is there a connection between thisword and שעון (clock)? We sing: ילד אם אפרים לי יקיר הבן“‏ ‏”שעשועים (Is my son Efraim dear? Is heשוועת שעה“‏ Shabbat: We sing on ‏.”ישראל לעמך שעה“‏ Amidah: a delightful child?). We say in the‏?שעשועים as well as שעון and שעה What is the relationship between ‏.”עמי בניOur story begins with one of the first stories in the Tanakh, when God received the מנחה fromHevel (Abel), לא מנחתו ואל קין ואל“‏ ‏”.שעה This means that God did not accept Cain’s offering. Goddid not ‏,שעה wasn’t open to him, wasn’t פנאי to him. In other words, when I have fun withsomeone, I have ‏,שעה I am פנוי (open), I have ‏.פנאי If שעה means ‏,פנה to face someone, then‏.לב תשומת כפליים and ‏,פנאי is twice the שעשועיםOn Shabbat we are open, ‏,פנויים just as the writer of יקרא דרור wrote: בני שוועת שעה“‏ ‏”עמי (Takeheed of the cry of my people), turn to accept the prayers of the people of Israel. Just as You paidattention to the מנחה of Abel, just as You accepted this offering and received it, so too shouldYou accept my prayer.A child whom we love a lot and to whom we מקדישים a lot of time, is a child of ‏.שעשועים Just asJeremiah said, God loves the people of Israel, who is for God a ילד ‏,שעשועים a child that Godlove. to whom God devotes a lot of time and ‏,מקדישIn the time of Eliezer Ben Yehuda, a clock was called “ מו רי ‏”השעות (instructor of the hours). Heinvented the word ‏.שעון A שעון shows us why we שועה and give attention to things. It is theteacher of our time.אחת רגל על On One FootThe word שעה can mean ‏,פנאי free time. From here we get the word ‏,שעון which shows us thetime. our free ‏,שעותFor Your Entertainment:When Eliezer Ben Yehuda arrived:Instead of calling it a book of words ספר)‏ ‏(מילים he called it a מילון (dictionary)נמנמת Instead of calling it pajamas, he called itInstead of calling it houses of eyes בתי)‏ ‏,(עיניים he called it משקפיים (glasses)Instead of calling it a teacher of the hours מורי)‏ ‏(השעות he called it a שעון (clock)

למחשבה Thought- For1. How was a שעון called in the Tanakh? (Hint: You can find it in II Kings 20)2. Who wrote the song דרור ‏?יקרא (Hint: You can find the answer in the beginning of eachstanza)הזמן מילות23 מספר שיחהדקות Time: 4-5 Amount ofעברית Word: Origin of theהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedKey Words:Feel ‏-למששTo precisely define ‏-במדויק אותו להגדירThe creators of the Hebrew language ‏-העברית השפה של היוצריםMovement and change ‏-ושינוי תנועהRenewal ‏-התחדשותMovement ‏-תנועהUnintentionally ‏-במקרהSecond division ‏-השנייה החלוקהBorrowed ‏-שאלGrowing smaller ‏-קטןGerm ‏-חידקSelf-respect ‏-עצמי כבודהשיחה מהלך conversation- Developing the‏.במדויק אותו להגדיר it and למשש It’s impossible ‏?מן זה words: comes from two זמן The wordThe העברית השפה של היוצרים understood that זמן is a process of changes. If there is no changeand everything remains static, and yesterday is no different from tomorrow, it’s as if there is no‏:ושינוי תנועה have meanings related to זמן It seems that all words related to ‏.זמןשעה‏.תנועה (openness), פנייה As we saw earlier, it comes from the concept ofחודשהתחדשות renewal, Fromירח

תנועה wind, another type of ‏,רוח Comes fromשנהשינוי Comes fromשנייהIt repeats itself constantly, it changes and comes back againשנייהThe word שנייה in עברית is a “second” in English. Many people may ask: is it במקרה that there isone word both in Hebrew and in English that has the same two meanings? שנייה means bothcoming after what is first, as well as a unit of time. This is not ‏.במקרה In the year 1891 EliezerBen Yehuda explained why he chose the word שנייה to represent 1/60 of a minute, or a second.‏.השנייה החלוקה means, He said itThe rabbis agreed to divide each rotation (hour) into sixty units, called minutes. One of thesesixty units was further divided into sixty units, each called a ‏.שנייה Ben Yehuda שאל the word‏.עברית from other languages, and translated it into שנייהIn Italian, for example, they still use the original terms of these words: “minuti primi” and“minuti secondi.” The word “minute” comes from the Latin word “minus” which means ‏,קטן andis represented by a small line.The word דק (minute) is also used to describe things that are small, such as ‏,חידק or דק-חי (asmall life). This, ‏,במקרה is the same process that led to the word “microbe”- it comes from thewords “micro bio.”For Your Entertainment:מסביב ל שעוןWe don’t use the phrase “around the clock” in Hebrew. There is a saying from the Tanakhinstead: ולילה יומם (day and night). This phrase originates in the book of Joshua. God tells Joshuaafter the death of Moses: יומם בו והגדת מפיך הזה התורה ספר ימוש לא“‏ ‏”ולילה (This Torah should notleave your mouth, but you should speak of it day and night). You can also say: All of the hoursin the day- the whole day and the whole night. Or: without pause.‏:כתב עזרא אבן והפרשן המשורראין ‏-העברThe past- is no moreעדיין ‏-העתידThe future- is not yetעין כהרף ‏-ההווהThe present- like the blink of an eyeמנין-דאגהWorry- for what?והזמן השעוןLet me describe a bank that deposits 86,400 shekel into your account each morning. The bank

does not transfer over what is left at the end of each day to the next day, and each night, itremoves whatever money that was not spent during the day.What would you do?Spend every shekel, of course!‏.שניות Every morning, it gives you 86,400 ‏.זמן In reality, everyone has a bank like this- it’s calledEvery night, like a lost opportunity, it erases every second that you did not use for a worthycause. It does not transfer over whatever was not spent during the day. It does not allow for any“overdraft.”Each day, it opens a new account for you. Every night, it eliminates the remaining balance fromthe day. If you fail to use the moments of the day, the loss is completely your own. There is noway to go back. There is no way to save for tomorrow’s account. You must live in the present inthe moments of today. This investment is for your betterment, for your health, for yourhappiness, and for your success!The clock ticks, reflecting the best parts of the day!הזדמנות ‏-זמןThe word הזדמנות refers to a situation in which the time is right to do something. We often usethe phrase חלון שנפתח“‏ ‏”הזדמנויות (that the window of opportunity opened). In other words, now isthe right time to carry out something that had previously been difficult to do, as if the windowhad been closed before now. The word ‏”הזדמנות“‏ is from the root ‏,.נ.מ.ז because הזדמנות is relatedto the right זמן to do something.There are different types of ‏.הזדמנויות Some are הזדמנויות that need to be utilized immediately,and we call these בלתי הזדמנויות“‏ ‏”חוזרת (opportunities that won’t return, what we would call“once in a lifetime”), or הזדמנות“‏ ‏,”פז which in English is known as a “golden opportunity.”Sometimes we waste a ‏,הזדמנות we don’t take advantage of it when it comes, but sometimes weare given a הזדמנות“‏ ‏”שנייה (second opportunity or second chance).There are many words that come from the root ‏.נ.מ.ז that remind us that so much of what we do isהזמנה dependent on time, and how much we need to think about it. When we receive a(invitation), it tells us what time the event what we will be attending will start. When we sayduring the Pesach Seder ביציאת לספר ומזומן מוכן הנני“‏ ‏”מצרים (I am ready and invited to tell thestory of the Exodus from Egypt), we mean that the time has come to read the story. When wepay “ ‏”במזו (in cash), we are saying that we have money at the right time, which is right now.מןתפילה24 מספר שיחהדקות Time: 4-5 Amount ofעברית Word: Origin of theהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedDictionary Definition: A request to God, a pleaKey Words:To hope ‏-לקוות

Thought ‏-מחשבהJudges ‏-שופטיםTo incriminate ‏-להפלילMemorial sign ‏-ולזכרון לאותTo aspire for true law ‏-אמת למשפט לשאוףFaith ‏-אמונהDestiny ‏-גורלRepentance, prayer, and charity remove the evil decree ‏-הגזירה רוע את מעבירים וצדקה תפילה ‏,תשובהThe main center of prayer ‏-המרכזי התפילה גרעיןForms ‏-צורותMust ‏-חייביםהשיחה מהלך conversation- Developing theIn ‏,עברית the word תפילה comes from the root ‏.ל.ל.פ which means ‏.לקוות As it says in Genesis(Israel said to ‏”זרעך את גם אלהים אתי הראה והנה ‏,פללתי לא פנ יך ראה ‏:יוסף אל ישראל ויאמר“‏ :48:11Joseph: I had not hoped to see your face, but God has shown me both you and your offspring).עצה הביאו“‏ as in ‏,מחשבה is connected to תפילה rabbi), According to the Maharal of Prague (a greatפלילים are called שופטים (You brought advice and made judgment), just as the ‏”פלילה עשו(arbitrators), because they judge according to their ‏.מחשבות And people are thinkers... this relatesto the meaning of תפילין as well: תפילין are ולזכרון לאות between the eyes, and ‏,זכרון memory, is in‏.מחשבה one’sAccording to another interpretation of the word ‏,תפילה the word comes from ‏,להפליל to judgeתפילה through ‏,אמונה on myself. According to traditional religious אמת למשפט לשאוף ourselves.‏”תפילה ‏,תשובה Hashanah: can change for the better, as we say on Rosh גורל one’s situation and‏”.הגזירה רוע את מעבירים וצדקה‏-שחרית תפילת is called תפילה each day. The morning תפילות (we pray) three מתפללים Judaism, Inthe תפילה of the ‏.בוקר The afternoon תפילה is called תפילת ‏,מנחה and the evening תפילה is calledשחרית after תפילה On Shabbat, holidays, and Rosh Chodesh, there is an additional ‏.ערבית תפילתcalled תפילת ‏,מוסף which we do in place of קרבן ‏,מוסף the sacrifice that was brought in the Templeon these days. For all of these ‏,תפילות the המרכזי התפילה גרעין that we repeat in different צורות is‏,לעמוד חייבים which comes from the fact that we are ‏,עמידה תפילת also known as ‏,עשרה שמונה תפילתto stand for it.אחת רגל על On One FootThe word תפילה comes from ‏.ל.ל.פ Each person judges him or herself, and establishes his or her‏.גורלFor Your Entertainment:ותפילות אבות‏,שחרית תפילת Abraham established ‏:תפילות The rabbis taught: The forefathers established ourIsaac established תפילת ‏,מנחה and Jacob established ערבית תפילת (Jerusalem Talmud TractateBrachot 4).We can see that האות ‏,תשנייה the second letter of each of their names hints at the first letter of theestablished: that they תפילהב קר ‏-אברהם

חהמנצ הריים ‏-יצחקע רב ‏-יעקבתפילה the third letter of their names matches the third letter of the ‏,השלישית האות We can also usethat they established:שח ית ‏-אברהם ר- חקר ריצמע יב ‏-יש אל ‏=יעקבלמחשבה Thought- ForWhat is the meaning of the word ‏”אמן“‏ that we use so often during ‏?תפילה Is there a connection‏?אמונה with the wordתקשורת25 מספר שיחהדקות Time: 4-5 Amount ofהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedDictionary Definition: Communication, all of the actions that are done in order to connect toanother person, and to pass information from place to place.Key Words:- CommunicationתקשורתClothing ‏-תלבושתCompound ‏-תרכובתCorrespondence ‏-תכתובתBridge ‏-גשרDialogue ‏-שיח דוSymposium ‏-שיח רבNo talking while eating ‏-הסעודה בשעת משיחין איןהשיחה מהלך conversation- Developing the‏?גשר Is there a connection with the word ‏?תקשורת What word reminds you of the wordThis word shares the same form in Hebrew as the words in this rhyme: תקטולת (killing ability)‏.תכתובת and תרכובת and ‏,תלבושת sounds likeThe word תקשורת represents that which is related to ‏,קשר or connection.‏.קשר which is a type of ‏,גשר When we connect two things, we are using aWhile we are talking about ‏,תקשורת we should also talk about:

שיח דוA conversation between two people, a dialogueשיח רבA conversation between more than two people, what we would call a symposium.The word שיח comes from ‏,שיחה or conversation.‏.הסעודה בשעת משיחין אין saying: From this word we get theאחת רגל על On One FootThe word תקשורת refers to everything related to the ‏,קשר connection, between people and places.For Your Entertainment:We spoke in מספר שיחה 8 about תיאום ישיבת and ‏.תיאומים We spoke about the word ‏,אמת and howeach of its parts are ותואמים מתאימים (fitting and coordinate). The opposite of אמת is שקר (lie). Aשקר between different pieces of it. Therefore, a קשר (coordination), there is no תיאום has no שקרתשקורת היא התקשורת לפעמים saying: From this idea, we get the ‏.קשר is the opposite of a(sometimes communication is a lie).למחשבה Thought- For‏?אוטו (car)? What about מכונית How did we get the wordהמחשב עולם26 מספ ר שיחהדקות Time: 4-5 Amount ofהנהלה ‏,מדריכים ‏,חניכים Audience: IntendedOrigin of the Word: Latin, English, GreekKey Words:Terms ‏-מונחיםVeteran ‏-ותיקהDiscussion ‏-דיוןHoly books ‏-הקודש ספריDistinguish ‏-מבדיליםSymbols ‏-סמליםPour, melt ‏-להתיך ‏,לשפוךCasting ‏-יציקהPower system ‏-החשמל מערכתWire ‏-חוטWhen an electric current that is too large crosses ‏-מדי גדול זרם מעברPop-up mechanism ‏-המנגנון את ‏”מקפיץ“‏Jumping switch ‏-שקפץ המתגFlavors ‏-טעמיםTo mix ‏-לערבבFluids ‏-נוזלים

Treatment ‏-הטיפול- Spill backBinding ‏-כריכהBurial shroud ‏-תכריכיםSurround, envelop ‏-לעטוף ‏,להקיףEven if a snake is wrapped around his heel ‏-עקבו על כרוך נחש אפילובחזרה נשפךהשיחה מהלך conversation- Developing theThe computer only recently entered our world, but now it is difficult to live without it. It’sworthwhile to note that for all of the different מונחים that are used in עולם ‏,המחשב there are‏.עברית corresponding words in‏.מחשב Don’t say “computer,” say‏.מסך Don’t say “screen,” say‏.עכבר Don’t say “mouse,” sayאלקטרוני דואר Don’t say “e-mail,” say‏.מרשתת Don’t say “ethernet,” say‏.מדפסת Don’t say “printer,” say‏.קובץ Don’t say “file,” say‏.אתר Don’t say “site,” say‏.דיון קבוצת Don’t say “forum,” say‏.ברשת לשוחח Don’t say “chat,” sayקובץ Don’t say “attachment,” say‏.נייד החסן Don’t say “disk on key,” or “USB,” say‏.גיבוי Don’t say “backup,” say‏.גופן Don’t say “font,” say‏.נספח or מצ ורףפונטThe word גופן (font), is similar to the word גוף (body). This is not only a nice word, but it is alsoin דיון and comes from the Babylonian Talmud. There, it has the same meaning: The ‏,ותיקהTractate Megillah discusses the letters with which הקודש ספרי were written. It says there: Here,in our ‏,גופן and there, in their ‏.גופן (This means, we מבדילים between each גופן (script), our ownwriting in ‏,עברית and writing in other languages.) In some places in the Talmud, the word aswritten as ‏,”גרפן“‏ a form that is more related to its original root in Greek, “graph.” All of thewords coming from this root are related to סמלים and ‏,אותיות letters.The source: The Latin verb “fundere” means ‏,לשפוך ‏.להתיך From here we get the English word“foundry,” ליציקה or a יציקה-בית (place for casting).That which spills and flows is “fusus” in Latin. From here, we get the word “fuse” which is in‏.עברית in נתיך . A fuse is called aIn the past, not many years ago, there was a “jam” in our power system that was given theHebrew name ‏,נתיך because it had a חוט that would melt when גדול זרם מעבר ‏.מדי Today, there isno נתיך חוט (melting wire) in fuses. Instead, there is a part that has a המנגנון את ‏”מקפיץ“‏ and stopsthe flow of electricity. In order to renew the flow, one needs to restore the שקפץ המתג to its‏”.נתיך“‏ proper place. Despite the change in technology, we still call the fuseהח שמל מערכת

This melting, called “fusion” in English, also occurs in the kitchen, when there is a melting, or amixing of ‏.טעמים Are you confused? It seems that you are suffering from confusion, whichcomes from the same source as “fusion”: Confusion comes from the Latin root “confundere,”which means to pour together, ‏.לערבב And just so that you don’t end up in a difficult situationוחלילה חס body. are poured into your נוזלים fluid, when you need an “infusion,” an insertion of(heaven forbid) that these נוזלים would exit your body by “diffusion,” known as פעפוע in ‏.עברית Inany case, all of this טיפול costs a lot of money that you probably won’t get back. If you do, it’sנשפך which comes from that same Latin root, meaning that which is ‏,החזר “refund,” called a“refusal,” in the opposite direction. And if they don’t want to refund your money, that is a ‏,בחזרה‏.דחיייה סירוב or@ = שטרודל או כרוכית‏?תכריכים or כריכה (sandwich) to כריך Is there a connection between the wordsThey are all related to the root ‏.ך.ר.כ which means עטוף ‏,להקיף . In the Mishnah in TractateBrachot we read: על כרוך נחש אפילו להפסיק לו אסור עשרה שמונה המתפלל“‏ ‏”.עקבו (One who is prayingthe Shmoneh Esreh cannot stop in the middle, even if a snake is wrapped around his heel.) From‏.כריכה a book, the עוטף is the part that הספר כרך here, we can understand thatIn addition, תכריכים ‏,עוטפים wrap, the dead. Also, a ‏,כרוכית or strudel, is a type of cookie thatcomes from this root, because the dough wraps around the filling. A כריך is a sandwich, whichgets its name from the Duke of Sandwich who would כורך his meals in two slices of bread.In the Pesach Haggadah we learn about Hillel who would כורך matzah and maror together.Because of this, the name ‏”הללית“‏ was proposed as another term for sandwich.ל